Academic literature on the topic 'Design óptico'
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Journal articles on the topic "Design óptico"
Granada-Torres, Jhon James, Ana María Cárdenas-Soto, and Neil Guerrero-González. "Redes ópticas elásticas: un nuevo paradigma en las futuras redes de telecomunicaciones." Respuestas 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.350.
Full textSpirin, V. V., C. A. López Mercado, J. L. Bueno Escobedo, and A. A. Fotiadi. "Ajuste de resonancia doble en láseres de Brillouin de fibra óptica." Suplemento de la Revista Mexicana de Física 2, no. 1 Jan-Mar (March 31, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/suplrevmexfis.2.1.19.
Full textVelazco, Abner, and Abel Gutarra. "Determinación del tamaño de partículas pequeñas por scattering de luz." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 27, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v27i2.172.
Full textLapo P., C. Mireya, Rafael Pérez-García, Ricardo Aliod-Sebastián, and F. Javier Martínez-Solano. "Diseño óptimo de redes de riego a turnos y caracterización de su flexibilidad." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 266–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-01-07.
Full textQuintas Ripoll, Valentín. "Diseño óptimo de pórticos formados por perfiles laminados rectos de sección constante." Informes de la Construcción 39, no. 392 (December 30, 1987): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1987.v39.i392.1615.
Full textCorreia, Tiago Pereira da Silva, Saulo Fernando Gomes Sousa, Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares, Patrícia Pereira Dias, and Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva. "MONITORAMENTO DA SEMEADURA DE SOJA COM DIFERENTES SENSORES ÓPTICOS DE LED." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p215-220.
Full textBarrales-Cureño, Hebert Jair, César Reyes-Reyes, Maximino Díaz-Bautista, Alejandro Pérez-Rosales, Arturo Castañeda-Mendoza, Jesús Eduardo Zaragoza-Ruíz, Petra Andrade-Hoyos, et al. "Diseño de bioprocesos y bioproductos en ingeniería de células vegetales." Mexican journal of biotechnology 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2017.2.2.11.
Full textTapia Rodriguez, Maximino, Salvador Botello, Luz Angélica Caudillo, Héctor Hernández, Iván Munguía, Jacob Esaú Salazar, Ernesto Ortega, Juan Carlos Gómez, Daniel Quiroz, and Miguel Yáñez. "Diseño óptimo de estructuras tridimensionales para techos." Acta Universitaria 22, no. 7 (November 26, 2012): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2012.387.
Full textMontoya, Oscar Danilo, Walter Gil-González, and Federico Martin Serra. "Discrete-time inverse optimal control for a reaction wheel pendulum: a passivity-based control approach." Revista UIS Ingenierías 19, no. 4 (May 30, 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v19n4-2020011.
Full textNunez, Angel. "Hybrid systems in electrical distribution design with genetic algorithm." minerva 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1i1.4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Design óptico"
Yasuoka, Fatima Maria Mitsue. "Técnicas de desempenho óptico e avaliação da qualidade de imagem em sistemas ópticos por medição de função de transferência." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14112007-090243/.
Full textThe purpose of this work has been the use of design optical techniques to development of highly optimized optical systems. After the fabrication of these systems, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of building systems. A modern technique used to evaluate the quality of optical image is the optical transfer function OTF, more exactly the modulation transfer function MTF. MTF is the modulus of the complex function OTF. MTF is associated the direct and quantitative measure of the image quality and it describes the image structure as a function of spatial frequency. This bides techniques are the tools of optical designers. Ophthalmic instruments like surgery microscope, optical system of CCD camera adaptation and slit lamps are developed and analyzed for this techniques in this work.
Luís, Ruben Soares. "Design and optimization of optical routing techniques and devices." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2212.
Full textEste trabalho apresenta três estudos principais acerca do desenvolvimento e aplicação de sistemas de monitorização óptica avançados com base na análise de histogramas assíncronos, conversão de comprimento de onda de sinais de débito elevado e o impacto das não-linearidades das fibra ópticas em sistemas utilizando técnicas avançadas de transmissão. Mostra-se que a comparação de histogramas assíncronos com histogramas de referência pode ser usada para extrair informação a respeito da qualidade e do ruído que afecta o sinal em análise. O método proposto é validado através de simulação numérica e experiência. Um modelo analítico para a computação das limitações em frequência da modulação cruzada de fase (XPM) em conversores de comprimento de onda de fibra é proposto e validado através de simulação numérica até frequências de modulação acima de 1 THz. O modelo proposto permite a derivação de regras de engenharia para o dimensionamento de conversores de comprimento de onda compostos por espelhos de fibra não linear. O dimensionamento de um novo filtro para a optimização da conversão da XPM em modulação de intensidado é proposto e validado por simulação numérica. O impacto das não-linearidades na transmissão em fibra óptica de sinais de banda lateral única a 10 Gb/s com compensação de dispersão concentrada é avaliado através de simulação numérica. Mostra-se que as não-linearidades intra-canal levam a severa degradação do desempenho. A degradação de sinais de chaveamento por desvio diferencial de fase (DPSK) a 40 Gb/s devida a XPM com sinais de chaveamento por desvio de amplitude herdados de sistemas anteriores é também analisada. Uma análise bomba-sonda mostra que a degradação do sinal resulta da modulação de intensidade induzida por XPM. Este resultado permite a derivação de um modelo para estimar a probabilidade de erro dos sinais DPSK degradados por XPM. Finalmente, é apresentada uma abordagem analítica baseada em pequenas perturbações para o estudo de não linearidades intra-canal em fibra óptica em sinais com razão de extinção finita. Este estudo permite a identificação de duas novas formas de degradação tomando a forma de impulsos entre diferentes símbolos e fluctuações temporais e de amplitude.
This work presents three main studies regarding the development and application of advanced optical monitoring systems based on the analysis of asynchronous amplitude histograms, the wavelength conversion of ultra-high bit-rate signals, and the impact of fiber nonlinearities in systems employing advanced transmission techniques. It is shown that asynchronous amplitude histograms may be numerically compared with reference histograms to extract information regarding quality and the noise degrading the signal under analysis. The proposed method is validated through numerical simulation and experiment. An analytical model to compute the frequency limitations of cross-phase modulation (XPM) in all-optical fiber wavelength converters is proposed and validated using numerical simulation at modulation frequencies exceeding 1 THz. The proposed model allows deriving engineering rules for the dimensioning of wavelength converters using nonlinear optical loop mirrors. A novel filter design to optimize the conversion of XPM-induced phase modulation in intensity modulation is proposed and validated using numerical simulation. Numerical simulation is used to evaluate the impact of fiber nonlinearities in the transmission of 10 Gb/s single sideband signals in links using concentrated electrical or optical dispersion compensation. It is shown that, intra-channel fiber nonlinearities severely degrade the performance. The degradation of 40 Gb/s differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) signals due to XPM with legacy amplitude-shift keying signals is also analyzed. Pump-probe analysis show that the signal degradation results from XPM-induced intensity modulation. This allows deriving and validating a novel analytical model to estimate the bit-error probability of the XPM-degraded DPSK signals. Finally, an analytical smallperturbations approach to the study of intra-channel fiber nonlinearities in signals with finite extinction ratio is presented. It allows the identification of two new forms of degradation taking the form of impulses between symbols and amplitude and temporal jitter.
Colafemina, João Paulo. "Manufatura de microelementos ópticos difrativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18146/tde-15092011-172640/.
Full textDiffractive optical elements represent a fast growing market, in order of billions dollars. Its use is employed in microelectronics, illumination systems, telecommunications, security devices, and others. For this reason, this thesis aimed to make depth public research in the subject. Electrolytic copper inserts were used for providing excellent surface finish when machined with monocrystalline diamond tool getting values of Ra = 10,2 nm, Rq = 13,56 e Rt = 363,06 µm, for the polished stainless steel the results were Ra = 7,02 nm, Rq = 9,05 nm e Rt = 225,19 nm. The replicas were built in PMMA - DH ECL P with light transmittance approximately 90% for visible and infrared spectrum. Seven types of diffractive optical microelements were produced, based in Fresnel geometry and spherical microlens array. For this, it was necessary to develop the computer code called LF2010 to support the construction design of aspheric Fresnel microlenses and calculate its phase transformation function. Four deterministic manufacturing processes of µDOEs were used: ultraprecision diamond turning, microforging, micromilling and the combination of the two last. Stochastic method of polishing was used to obtain mirror surface roughness and compare to SPDT. The qualitative analysis and dimensional metrology were conducted using MEV and optical profiling system respectively. In ultraprecision diamond turning has proved the presence of the phenomenon known as stick slip on the steps of Fresnel zone that was corrected by changing the design. For complete packaging arrays the roughness values were higher due the interaction of adjacent lenses of set with \'fi\' = 100% have even cause microfractures in the structure of microlenses. After successive calibration procedures in the manufacture of copper inserts, replicas were fabricated by techniques of hot emboss and injection molding. The results of microlenses replication showed that the aspect ratio and surface/volume ratio affected the fidelity replication of microlenses, and had been noted that the Fresnel lenses with variable height have higher volume in relation to constant height and consequently better fidelity in replication. Hot emboss process show little variations in the dimensions of the crests, in order of few nanometers, resulting a fidelity approximately 100% for all zones of Fresnel, however the cycle\'s technique are up to 40 times higher than injection molding. The paraxial FTM analysis shows 85,2% for 25 lp/mm, 67,5% for 50 lp/mm and 71,2% for 75 lp/mm to convex Fresnel microlens with variable height. Finite element analysis was used to aid in the studies giving the sensitivity of numerical method adopted in terms of macroscale and microscale. In the end, the wear of edge cutting tool was investigated and found wear flank and formation of built up edge that was made up of chip particles of copper, witch were formed continuously with segmented structure lamellar. Hence, after numerous studies and analysis we can conclude that it is possible to construct µDOEs by means of mass production methods of injection molding taking care of process variables, part geometry and physical and chemical properties of material being replicated.
Sartiano, Demetrio. "Design of optical fiber sensors and interrogation schemes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/161357.
Full text[CA] Les fibres òptiques són dispositius molt utilitzats en el camp de les telecomunica-cions des del seu descobriment. En les últimes dècades, les fibres òptiques van començar a utilitzar-se com a sensors fotònics. Els primers treballs es van centrar en el mesurament d'unes dimensions físiques en un punt específic. Posteriorment, va sorgir la possibilitat de mesurar les propietats de la fibra òptica en diferents punts al llarg de la fibra. Aquest tipus de sensors es defineixen com a sensors distribüits. Els components optoelectrònics van ser desenvolupats i investigats per a telecomunicacions. Els avanços en les telecomunicacions van fer possi-ble el desenvolupament de sistemes d'interrogació per a sensors de fibra òptica, creixent en paral·lel amb els avanços de les telecomunicacions. Es van desenvolupar sistemes d'interrogació de fibra òptica que permeten l'ús d'una única fibra òptica monomodo estàndard com a sensor que pot monitorar desenes de milers de punts de detecció al mateix temps. Els mètodes que extreuen la informació de detecció del senyal reflectit en la fibra òptica són els més utilitzats a causa de la facilitat d'accés al sensor i la flexibilitat d'aquests sistemes. Els més estudiats són la reflectometría en dominis de temps i freqüència. La reflectometría òptica en el domini del temps (OTDR) va ser la primera tècnica utilitzada per a detectar la posició de les fallades en les xarxes de comunicació de fibra òptica. El OTDR sensible a la fase va fer possible detectar l'elongació i la temperatura en una posició específica. Paral·lelament, els gratings de Bragg (FBG) es van convertir en els dispositius més utilitzats per a implementar sensors en fibra òptica discrets. Es van desenvolupar tècniques de multiplexació per a realitzar la detecció en múltiples punts utilitzant FGBs. La reflectometría realitzada interrogant arrays de FBG febles demostra que millora el rendiment del sistema en comparació a l'ús d'una fibra monomodo. Els sistemes d'interrogatori actuals tenen alguns inconvenients. Alguns d'ells són velocitat d'interrogatori limitada, voluminositat i alt cost. En aquesta tesi doctoral es van desenvolupar nous sistemes d'interrogació i sensors de fibra òptica per a superar alguns d'aquests inconvenients. Els sensors de fibra òptica de plàstic demostren ser una plataforma innovadora per a desenvolupar nous sensors i siste-mes d'interrogació de baix cost i fàcils d'implementar per a fibres de plàstic comercials. Es va investigar la reflectometría en el domini del temps i les tècniques fotòniques de microones per a la interrogació d'una matriu de reixetes febles que van permetre simplificar el sistema d'interrogació per a la detecció de temperatura i vibració.
[EN] Optical fibers are devices largely used in telecommunication field since their discovery. In the last decades, optical fibers started to be used as photonic sensors. The first works were focused on the measurement of physical dimensions to a specific point. Afterward, emerged the possibility to measure the optical fiber properties at different locations along the fiber. These kinds of sensors are defined as distributed sensors. The optoelectronic components were developed and investigated for telecommunications. The progress in telecommunication made possible the development of optical fiber sensors interrogation systems, growing in parallel with the advances of telecommunications. Optical fiber interrogation systems were developed to use a single standard monomode optical fiber as a sensor that can monitor tens of thousands of sensing points at the same time. The methods that extract the sensing information from the backscattered signal in the optical fiber are widely employed because of the easiness of access to the sensor element and the flexibility of these systems. The most studied are the reflectometry in time and frequency domains. The optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) was the first technique used to detect the position of the failures in the optical fiber communication networks. Using phase sensitive OTDR it is possible to sense strain and temperature at a specific position. In parallel, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) became the most widely used devices to implement discrete optical fiber sensors. Multiplexing techniques were developed to perform multi points sensing using these gratings. The reflectometry performed interrogating weak FBGs arrays demonstrate to improve the performance of the system employing a single mode fiber. The interrogation systems nowadays have some drawbacks. Some of them are limited speed of interrogation, bulkiness, and high cost. New interrogation systems and optical fiber sensors were developed in this doctoral thesis to overcome some of these drawbacks. Plastic optical fiber sensors demonstrate to be an innovative platform to develop both new sensors and low cost, easy to implement interrogation systems for commercial plastic fibers. Reflectometry in time domain and microwave photonic techniques were investigated for the interrogation of weak gratings array allowed to simplify the interrogation system for the sensing of temperature and vibration.
I would like to greatly thank the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program that funded the research described in this thesis under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Grant Agreement 722509.
Sartiano, D. (2021). Design of optical fiber sensors and interrogation schemes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/161357
TESIS
Reis, Jacklyn Dias. "Design and optimization next generation passive all-optical networks." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11299.
Full textEste trabalho investiga novas metodologias para as redes óticas de acesso de próxima geração (NG-OAN). O trabalho está dividido em quatro tópicos de investigação: projeto da rede, modelos numéricos para efeitos não lineares da fibra ótica, impacto dos efeitos não lineares da fibra ótica e otimização da rede. A rede ótica de acesso investigada nesse trabalho está projetado para suprir os requisitos de densidade de utilizadores e cobertura, isto é, suportar muitos utilizadores ( 1000) com altas velocidades de conexão dedicada ( 1 Gb/s) ocupando uma faixa estreita do espectro ( 25 nm) e comprimentos de fibra ótica até 100 km. Os cenários são baseados em redes óticas passivas com multiplexagem por divisão no comprimento de onda de alta densidade (UDWDM-PON) utilizando transmissores/receptores coerentes nos terminais da rede. A rede é avaliada para vários ritmos de transmissão usando formatos de modulação avançados, requisitos de largura de banda por utilizador e partilha de banda com tecnologias tradicionais de redes óticas passivas (PON). Modelos numéricos baseados em funções de transferência das séries de Volterra (VSTF) são demonstrados tanto para a análise dos efeitos não lineares da fibra ótica quanto para avaliação do desempenho total da rede. São apresentadas as faixas de potência e distância de transmissão nas quais as séries de Volterra apresentam resultados semelhantes ao modelo referência Split-Step Fourier (SSF) (validado experimentalmente) para o desempenho total da rede. Além disso, um algoritmo, que evita componentes espectrais com intensidade nulo, é proposto para realizar cálculos rápidos das séries. O modelo VSTF é estendido para identificar unicamente os efeitos não lineares da fibra ótica mais relevantes no cenário investigado: Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) e Four-Wave Mixing (FWM). Simulações numéricas são apresentadas para identificar o impacto isolado de cada efeito não linear da fibra ótica, SPM, XPM e FWM, no desempenho da rede com detecção coerente UDWDM-PON, transportando canais com modulação digital em fase (M-ária PSK) ou modulação digital em amplitude (M-ária QAM). A análise numérica é estendida para diferentes comprimentos de fibra ótica mono modo (SSMF), potência por canal e ritmo de transmissão por canal. Por conseguinte, expressões analíticas são extrapoladas para determinar a evolução do SPM, XPM e FWM em função da potência e distância de transmissão em cenários NG-OAN. O desempenho da rede é otimizada através da minimização parcial da interferência FWM (via espaçamento desigual dos canais), que nesse caso, é o efeito não linear da fibra ótica mais relevante. Direções para melhorias adicionas no desempenho da rede são apresentados para cenários em que o XPM é relevante, isto é, redes transportando formatos de modulação QAM. A solução, nesse caso, é baseada na utilização de técnicas de processamento digital do sinal.
This work investigates novel methodologies and models for Next-Generation Optical Access Networks (NG-OAN). The work is divided into four main topics of research: network design, numerical models for fiber nonlinear effects, impact of fiber nonlinear effects and network optimization. The used case optical access network is designed to cope with high user density over extended reach, i.e. support large number of users ( 1000) with high speed dedicated connections ( 1 Gb/s) in a narrow bandwidth ( 25 nm) distributed up to 100 km. The scenarios rely on Ultra-Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (UDWDM-PON) employing coherent transceivers in the network terminals. The network is evaluated for various transmission rates using advanced modulation formats, transmitters and receivers specifications, user bandwidth requirements and coexistence with legacy Passive Optical Network (PON) technologies. Numerical models based on Volterra Series Transfer Function (VSTF) are demonstrated for both the analysis of fiber nonlinear effects and evaluation of the overall network performance. It is presented the power and transmission ranges that Volterra series provides accurate results, compared to the reference model Split-Step Fourier (SSF) (experimentally validated), for the overall network performance. Moreover, an algorithm is proposed to provide fast numerical calculations of the series by avoiding zero intensity signal frequency components. The VSTF model is extended to identify the sole effect of the most relevant fiber nonlinearities in UDWDM-PON network scenarios: Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM). Numerical simulations are performed to identify the impact of each nonlinear effect, SPM, XPM and FWM, on the performance of coherent UDWDMPON transporting either M-ary PSK (Phase-Shift Keying) or M-ary QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modulated channels. The analysis is extended to different lengths of Standard Single-Mode Fibers (SSMF), power per channel and bit rate per channel. From that, analytic expressions are extrapolated to find the evolution of SPM, XPM and FWM with power and transmission distance for NG-AON scenarios. The performance of the network is optimized by mitigating some of the FWM crosstalk (unequally spaced channels), which in this case is the most relevant fiber nonlinear effect. The directions for further performance improvements are pointed out for scenarios in which XPM is enhanced, i.e. networks transporting QAM signaling. The solution in this case is based on digital signal processing techniques.
Ratamero, Leandro de Amorim. "Caracterização térmica e óptica por espectroscopia fotoacústica: um método inverso." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=553.
Full textPhotoacoustic spectroscopy is a very effective technique for optical and thermal characterization of materials. This technique is based on photoacoustic effect. It occurs when a material sample placed inside a closed cell filled with any gas is illuminated with periodically interrupted light. This effect depends on many parameters as modulation frequency of the incident electromagnetic radiation and on optical and thermal properties of the material studied. The Rosencwaig-Gersho (RG) model has been used for parameter estimation where special cases of opaqueness and thermal behavior of the material are considered. One has interest in the use of the general RG model to estimate two or more parameters, simultaneously. In this way, the inverse problem approach has been applied with the direct problem modeled with the general RG model. However, synthetic experimental data has been used in such approach, e.g., noise is added on the data, obtained from direct problem, in order to simulate real experimental data. The main goal of this work is to use the real experimental data in the inverse problem approach. It was needed to carry out the sensitivity study of the parameters with respect to the overall experimental conditions. The modified sensitivity coefficients play an important role in such study. Therefore, an algorithm was built up to study the relationship between modified sensitivity coefficients for the successful inverse approach of parameter estimation. As an example, a simple and qualitative study of sensitivity of the parameters was done, using such algorithm. It pointed out the conditions of the real experimental arrangement in which experimental data were obtained to estimate a unique parameter of the sample. With these experimental data the inverse problem was applied for determining the thermal diffusivity of the sample. Finally, a discussion is presented on the value obtained for the thermal diffusivity by this approach and on the application of the inverse method on the photoacoustic spectroscopy.
Reyes, Guzmán Nicolás Andrés. "Design of a receiver at 31-45 ghz based on HEMT amplifiers and Schottky mixers." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112508.
Full textThe Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is an international partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. It consists of an array of 66 antennas designed to work as an interferometer in the millimetric and sub-millimetric range (from 30 to 950 GHz). It is located at 5000 meters altitude in the Chajnantor Plateau, north of Chile. It will start full scienti c operations by 2014 being the most important instrument for radio-astronomy in the world. Presently with 36 antennas, it is already delivering transformational science data, providing astronomers with unprecedented sensitivity and quality images of the "radio-universe" with a resolution comparable with the Huble telescope. The lowest spectroscopic band envisioned for ALMA, the so-called Band 1, covers the frequency range from 31 to 45 GHz. This band was not implemented during the rst construction phase of the telescope, but has been recently (2012) included for the second development phase of the project, including the indication of extending the frequency coverage up to 50 GHz. In the context of this thesis we have developed technological solutions to cover this band, especially focused on the development of low-noise ampli ers using High Electron Mobility transistors (HEMT). Among the most burdensome challenges of ALMA Band 1 are the stringent speci cations on noise temperature, the large required bandwidth, and the limited space available for this receiver within the ALMA cryostat. In this work we present an overview of the scienti c importance of Band 1, along with the technological solutions we have developed, including the design of key components, like the horn, lens, ortho-mode transducer, and low noise ampli ers. We also present an evaluation of third-party components which can be used in the receiver. The work is used to present a preliminary layout of the Band-1 receiver which was implemented and tested in order to be used as technological demonstrator for a fully operational receiver. El Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA por sus siglas en inglés) es una asociación internacional entre Europa, América del Norte y Asia del Este en cooperación con la República de Chile. Consiste de un conjunto de 66 antenas diseñadas para funcionar como un interferómetro en el rango milimétrico y sub-milimétrico (de 30 a 950 GHz). Se encuentra ubicado a 5000 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar en el Llano de Chajnantor, norte de Chile. Iniciará su completa operación científica en 2014 siendo el instrumento más importante para la radio-astronomía en el mundo. Actualmente, con 36 antenas, se encuentra en operación científica preliminar y a la fecha ha entregado importantes datos a la comunidad astronómica mundial. La banda espectroscópica más baja prevista para ALMA, conocida como Banda 1, cubre el rango de frecuencias desde 31 a 45 GHz. Esta banda no se construyó durante la primera fase de construcción del telescopio, pero ha sido recientemente (2012) incluida para la segunda etapa de desarrollo de ALMA, incluyendo la indicación de extender la cobertura de frecuencia hasta los 50 GHz. En el contexto de esta tesis se han desarrollado soluciones tecnológicas para esta banda de frecuencia, con especial énfasis en el desarrollo de amplificadores de bajo ruido. Entre los mayores desafíos de la Banda 1 de ALMA están las estrictas especificaciones de ruido, el ancho de banda requerido y el limitado espacio disponible para este receptor en el criostato ALMA. En este trabajo se presenta una visión general de la importancia científica de banda 1, junto con las soluciones tecnológicas que hemos desarrollado, incluyendo el diseño de los componentes clave, como la bocina, la lente, el transductor de polarización y los amplificadores de bajo ruido. También se presenta una evaluación de componentes comerciales que pueden ser utilizados en el receptor. El trabajo se utiliza para presentar un diseño preliminar de la banda1, receptor que fue construido y probado en nuestro laboratorio para ser utilizado como demostrador tecnológico.
Zorzi, Avendaño Pablo Ignacio. "Design and construction of an optical systems for a 31- 45 GHz radioastronomical receiver." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113708.
Full textEl Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) es el observatorio astronómico más grande jamás construido. Se encuentra en el llano de Chajnantor, a una altura de 5.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar en el norte de Chile. Consiste en un conjunto de 66 antenas capaces de detectar fuentes de señal muy débil que nos llegan desde el espacio más profundo. El instrumento de detección en cada antena consiste en 10 receptores heterodinos de doble polarización y de muy alta sensibilidad que cubren la gama de frecuencia entre 30 a 950 GHz. En particular, el receptor de la Banda-1 está diseñado para cubrir la ventana espectral 31 45 GHz. Esta banda dará ayuda a los astrónomos a traer nueva luz en estudios de Anisotropías en el fondo de radiación cósmica, alta resolución del efecto Sunyaev-Zel ' dovich, detectar imágenes de gas de clúster a diferentes redshifts, estudios de lentes gravitacionales y monitoreo y mapeo del medio interestelar frío a intermedio y alto corrimiento al rojo. El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en diseñar y construir un completo sistema óptico para un receptor prototipo de radio astronomía que trabaje entre los 30 a 45 GHz y que cumpla con las especificaciones de la Banda 1 de ALMA. El sistema óptico incluye una lente, una bocina y un transductor Orthomodal de polarizaciones. Cada uno de estos componentes de microondas fueron diseñadas utilizando modelos teóricos existentes y que son bien conocidos, y luego fueron optimizados utilizando un software comercial numérico muy avanzado. Una vez que se encontró el modelo deseado, el dispositivo fue construido y caracterizado. Cada uno de los tres dispositivos que fueron desarrollados y luego construidos en nuestro laboratorio, presenta excelentes prestaciones y de buen acuerdo entre las mediciones experimentales y simulaciones. Además, una parte importante de esta tesis estuvo muy involucrada en el desarrollo y la construcción de una cámara anecoica de campo cercana que fue utilizada para medir los patrones de radiación de la bocina y también del sistema integrado por la bocina y la lente. Los logros más importantes de esta tesis fueron dos. (i) el desarrollo de un diseño de bocina de tipo spline-line muy compacta y que genera patrones de radiación de muy alta calidad. (ii) un separador de polarización ortogonal de señales que es muy compacto y compatible con un gran ancho de banda.
CHAVES, Daniel Augusto Ribeiro. "Projeto de redes ópticas de alta capacidade utilizando técnicas de otimização bioinspiradas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5152.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesta Tese são propostas diversas estratégias para projetar redes ópticas WDM de forma otimizada. As redes são consideradas com tráfego dinâmico e penalizadas pelas penalidades da camada física. As estratégias propostas lidam com os principais elementos que afetam a relação custo desempenho em uma rede óptica: o algoritmo de roteamento e atribuição de comprimentos de onda (RWA), a colocação de regeneradores (RP), a atribuição de regeneradores (RA), o projeto da topologia física da rede (PTD) e o dimensionamento dos dispositivos ópticos (DDO) que serão instalados na rede. Esses problemas são tratados tanto de forma separada quanto de forma integrada na Tese. Para o RWA, é proposta uma metodologia para se projetar algoritmos heurísticos de roteamento que têm como objetivo o aumento no desempenho da rede e que levam em conta as penalidades da camada física. Para a solução do RP são propostos algoritmos heurísticos e metaheurísticos para o projeto de redes ópticas translúcidas, considerando simultaneamente a otimização dos custos de capital (CapEx) e operacional (OpEx) e do desempenho da rede. O problema de PTD é tratado em conjunto com o DDO também de forma mutiobjetiva, considerando a otimização simultânea do CapEx e do desempenho (probabilidade de bloqueio). Um algoritmo multiobjetivo para realização da expansão de topologia (i.e. adição de novos enlaces a uma rede já existente) também é proposto. Além disso, são resolvidos conjuntamente os problemas de PTD, RP e RWA de forma mutiobjetiva considerando a otimização simultânea de CapEx e desempenho da rede. As otimizações das soluções são feitas utilizando as seguintes estratégias metaheuristicas propostas na área de inteligência computacional: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) e Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II)
Neto, Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira. "Análise de fatores intervenientes nas características dimensionais de segmentos rodoviários sob a óptica da compatibilidade veículo-via." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-15102007-104749/.
Full textIn Brazil the majority of passenger and goods transportation is carried out by the highway transportation system. Vehicle industry does a continuous job of designing new models in order to increase capacities, producing bigger vehicles, with more axles, as well as long combination vehicles (LCVs). These modifications aim to attend a market demand that is looking for better productivity figures for transportations services. However, to assure a good level of safety in the operation of these vehicles, it is necessary a guarantee of compatibility of them with the roads where they will circulate. The main objective of this thesis is the research of the characteristics and standards of vehicles traveling on brazilian roads, in order to analyze design parameters, considering the interaction between vehicles and roads. The problem of the flow of large vehicles, in particular LCVs, is emphasized. Adjustments on the design standards, established by the DNER (presently named DNIT), are proposed with the intention of adequate the road geometry to the vehicles characteristics and restrictions. A case study was carried out for a set of highway segments of the states of São Paulo and Ceará. These segments present different technical characteristics and are traversed, with some restrictions, by different types of LCVs. This study allows not only the identification of necessary adjustment on the road geometry to hold up the existing traffic flow, but also the design of new projects standards.
Books on the topic "Design óptico"
Paredes López, Sonia Patricia, Aida Manrique López, and Natalia Carrillo Bernal. Checking design 2: cómo la empresa logra gestionar el diseño. Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.9789587815276.
Full textGonzalez, Ricardo Hugo, and Samuel Miranda Mattos. Intervenções não medicamentosas na promoção da saúde. Editora Amplla, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.inm689.1121-0.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Design óptico"
Benavides Pava, Darío, Juan Manuel Andrade Navia, and Henry Sánchez Pimentel. "Metodología para evaluar la competitividad del subsector hotel. Estudio del municipio de Girardot-Cundinamarca." In Tendencias en la investigación universitaria. Una visión desde Latinoamérica. Volumen IV, 65–81. Fondo Editorial Universitario Servando Garcés de la Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero / Alianza de Investigadores Internacionales S.A.S., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47212/tendencias2018vol.iv.5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Design óptico"
Araújo, Maria Clara Ribeiro, and Mara Galupo de Paula Penna. "ILUSÃO DE ÓPTICA: USABILIDADE NO DESIGN DE AMBIENTES." In 12º Congresso Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Design. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-ped2016-0419.
Full textComo, Alessandra, Luisa Smeragliuolo Perrotta, and Isotta Forni. "Le Corbusier Roof-Spaces." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.960.
Full textOliveira, Ector Vantwyly Sales de, Keyla Mirelly Nunes de Souza, Juliana Angeiras Batista da Silva, and Ana Elizabete de Araújo Machado. "ESTUDO DO EFEITO SOLVENTE NAS PROPRIEDADES ÓPTICAS NÃO LINEARES DE DERIVADOS POLIÊNICOS." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020133.
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