Academic literature on the topic 'Design windowless'

Students completed an online tutorial presented as a video or PowerPoint presentation in a room with or without a window with blue, green, red, or white draperies to determine the impact of the environment on online learning. Students’ scores improved significantly from pretest to posttest; however, contrary to expectation, there were no main effects of windows, color, or the type of tutorial. There was a Room X Color interaction effect. Contrary to expectation, posttest scores were highest in the windowed room with red drapes and in the windowless room with green or white drapes. The lowest posttest scores occurred in a windowless room with red drapes and a windowed room with green drapes. Learners high in extraversion and agreeableness tended to have lower posttest scores, but high levels of conscientiousness were not related to performance. These results suggest that the presence of a window influences the impact of color in the learning environment, but the relation between personality and online performance is still unclear.

The essays examines the resemblance of California’s Silverado High School to a modern prison. From its of surveillance cameras, drug-sniffing dogs, security guards, and harsh disciplinary policies to its sleek modern design of high, nearly windowless metal walls and enclosed imposing buildings, Silverado High School speaks to the ‘‘new’’ normal in the schooling and policing of poor, young people of color in the Golden State.

Windowless X-ray detectors are routinely used on VG HB501 STEMs allowing detection of all elements from B upwards (fig 1). The original design for the HB501 built by Link Analytical had a theoretical solid angle of 0.077sr but recently a new design has appeared with a solid angle of 0.181sr. In order to compare these two designs it would be useful to develop a test that could be carried out on the microscope column that would accurately characterise the performance of the detector in the low energy range (<1keV) as well as at higher energies. Recently there has been much interest in characterising X-ray detector microscope systems using the peak to background (P' B) ratio from specially prepared evaporated Cr films. As an extension to this method this type of specimen has-been used to look at the ratio of effective detector solid angles and also the low energy area by comparing CrK to CrL intensities in order to fully characterise the detectors on VG HB501 STEMs.

The purpose of this study was to examine faculty and student satisfaction with classrooms in a university teaching facility in the Midwest, U.S.A. The two-story, 95,000 square foot (79,429.5 square meter) building cost 13.5 million dollars to build and was dedicated for use by the entire campus with no college or department given permanent classroom space. The facility's classrooms were designed to incorporate state-of-the-art communications technology including television monitors, DVD and video cassette recorders, overhead projectors and slide projectors, video presenters, and hook-ups for computers and CD, tape and other audio equipment. A post-occupancy evaluation (POE) survey of 125 faculty and 5,048 students using the facility indicated that the majority of faculty and students were satisfied with the classrooms (overall satisfaction: faculty, 65.3%F students 73.0%). However, problems were cited including: difficulty in using equipment, uncomfortable room temperatures and seating, and a sterile environment (all but three classrooms are windowless).

The spallation target is the component coupling the accelerator and the reactor and is regarded as the “heart” of the accelerator driven system (ADS). Heavy liquid metal lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is served as core coolant and spallation material to carry away heat deposition of spallation reaction and produce high flux neutron. So it is very important to study the heat transfer process in the target. In this paper, the steady-state flow pattern has been numerically obtained and taken as the input for the nuclear physics calculation, and then the distribution of the extreme large power density of the heat load is imported back to the computational fluid dynamics as the source term in the energy equation. Through the coupling, the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the windowless spallation target is obtained and analyzed based on the flow process and heat transfer. Comparison of the temperature distribution with the different beam intensity shows that its shape is the same as broken wing of the butterfly. Nevertheless, the maximum temperature as well as the temperature gradient is different. The results play an important role and can be applied to the further design and optimization of the ADS windowless spallation target.

Il presente elaborato si propone di definire ed implementare un metodo analitico che possa calcolare la riduzione dei consumi a seguito dell'applicazione di un design windowless su un aeromobile di corto-medio raggio. Nella soluzione proposta si ipotizza l'utilizzo di un sistema di telecamere, monitor e falsi finestrini per garantire ai passeggeri un adeguato livello di comfort. L'eliminazione dei finestrini e dei loro rinforzi da un velivolo passeggeri tradizionale comporta una diminuzione di peso. Da questa diminuzione di peso si calcola la riduzione del consumo di carburante, delle emissioni e dei costi operativi. Nell'elaborato si espongono le equazioni analitiche usate per valutare questo risparmio che provengono dall'ambito del progetto preliminare e del calcolo strutturale. Per implementare queste equazioni si è creato un codice in MATLAB. Inoltre, si mostrano i risultati numerici su due velivoli (Airbus 320 e Boeing 737). Alla fine di questa trattazione si dimostra che se questa configurazione fosse applicata alla maggior parte dei velivoli a corto-medio raggio operativi sarebbe possibile in un anno evitare di rilasciare nell'ambiente diversi milioni di tonnellate di anidride carbonica e di risparmiare diversi milioni di dollari.

Currently, a human spends about 90% of their time indoors, therefore, increasingly spaces are designed to promote comfort and natural light. The lack of a quality indoor space can be the cause of several health problems, such as the inhibition of hormones that affect heart rate, mood and performance. Thus, experts consider the human being a biophilic species, since it is dependent on nature. Besides, the proximity to large windows, natural materials and plants promote your health and well-being. In this sense, this project seeks to answer this problem by developing lighting for a windowless space. The project was conceived for a workspace, taking into account that it is where an ordinary citizen spends most of their day, as well as, where comfort and productivity are essential. In an initial approach to the theme, the search for projects with the same problematic demonstrated that there are already several proposals in this area, indicated for domestic environments, thereby showing the opportunity of the workspace. However, this is a medium with special needs and requirements, and it cannot jeopardize the eye health of its users due to an emotional luminaire. The projected peak in the proposal of a lighting system composed of two types of lighting that balance the needs of the workspace. To this end, an analysis of the workspace and its needs was made, culminating in the design in a versatile and pragmatic way. The system consists of a support structure and two luminaires, designed to be efficient and innovative, balancing the emotional and visual aspect of the user. One of the lamps mimics the sun and the other maintains the balance of the luminance levels of the space. This draft comes after a market analysis of solar mimic lighting fixtures and, its shape and purpose were outlined by the analysis of the selected target audience and space, the office. After the ideal functioning of the product was idealized, we sought to know the shape and elements that can materialize it, from the design of the shape to the design of its electrical system. Throughout the project, the disciplines of design and engineering were addressed in the methodology and procedures used to carry out this project conceptually.
Atualmente, o ser humano passa cerca de 90% do seu tempo em espaços interiores e, por isso, cada vez mais os espaços são projetados por forma a promover conforto e luz natural. A falta de um espaço interior de qualidade pode estar na origem de vários problemas de saúde, tais como a inibição de hormonas que afetam o ritmo cardíaco, humor e produtividade. Deste modo, os especialistas consideram o ser humano uma espécie biofólica, uma vez que é dependente da natureza. Ademais, a proximidade a grandes janelas, materiais naturais e plantas promovem a sua saúde e bem-estar. Neste sentido, este projeto procura dar resposta a esta problemática ao desenvolver iluminação para um espaço sem janelas. O projeto foi concebido para um espaço de trabalho, tendo em conta que é onde um cidadão comum passa a maior parte do seu dia, assim como, onde o conforto e a produtividade são essenciais. Numa abordem inicial ao tema, a pesquisa por projetos de problemática idêntica demonstrou que existem já diversas propostas neste âmbito, indicadas para ambientes domésticos, evidenciando, assim, a oportunidade do espaço de trabalho. No entanto, este é um meio com necessidades e requisitos especiais, não podendo colocar em causa a saúde ocular dos seus utilizadores em função de uma luminária emocional. O projeto culmina na proposta de um sistema de iluminação composto por dois tipos de iluminação que equilibram as necessidades do espaço de trabalho. Para tal, foi feita uma análise do espaço de trabalho e das suas necessidades, culminando no desenho de uma forma versátil e pragmática. O sistema é composto por uma estrutura de apoio e duas luminárias, concebidas para serem eficientes e inovadoras, equilibrando a vertente emocional e visual do utilizador. Uma das luminárias mimetiza o sol e a outra mantem o equilíbrio dos níveis de luminância do espaço. Esta proposta surge depois de uma análise de mercado de luminárias de mimetização solar e a sua forma e propósito foram delineadas pela análise do publico e espaço alvo selecionado, o escritório. Após idealizado o funcionamento ideal do produto, procurou-se conhecer a forma e elementos que o podem materializar, desde a o desenho da forma á conceção do seu sistema elétrico. Ao longo do projeto abordaram-se as disciplinas do design e da engenharia na metodologia e procedimentos usados por via a realizar conceptualmente este projeto.
Mestrado em Engenharia e Design de Produto

To begin with a little anecdote. There is a classroom, an ugly, badly shaped, windowless room in a modern university building designed with students not in mind. In this room there is a small class, my class. We have rearranged tables and chairs in a semicircle around my place to defy the terrible ambience and to allow all twenty-five students to see and hear each other and me. Class is in session; I am talking. Two students sitting together in the front row—a thirty-year-old man with a pager on his belt and a twenty-year-old woman—are speaking to each other and laughing quietly; they see that I am looking at them and they continue to laugh, not furtively or offensively but openly and engagingly, as if I weren’t there. I don’t know what they are laughing about. Both of these students will eventually receive an A in the course for their exceptionally fine work. As I speak to the class, a part of my mind is thinking about these students and wondering why they are laughing. Is there chalk on my face? Is my fly open? Have I repeated myself or unconsciously misused a word or inverted a phrase? Then I remember something Bruce Wilshire wrote, and the paranoia fades. The laughter has nothing to do with me. Bruce, a philosopher who works in a nearby building on campus, described the same attitude in his own classes in his book, The Moral Collapse of the University. This passive and casual rudeness, a fairly new phenomenon, has a simple cause, he said: “I sometimes see students looking at me as if they thought I could not see them, as if I were just somebody on their screen.” When my students were laughing, it didn’t occur to them that I would be bothered—at that moment they were treating me as if I were a face on television. That’s what it is; I am sure of it. The students (at least most of them) and I inhabit different worlds, even when we sit in the same room.

In recent years, the morphological characteristics and stabilization methods of free interface in liquid windowless target become hot research topics in accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS). Based on the structure design of a certain windowless spallation target, CFX program was used to simulate and analyze its free interface character. The method of k-ε turbulence model, Cavitation model and VOF method were used to study the flow characteristic of liquid lead-bismuth alloy (LBE) with cavitation phase change and to analyze the free interface morphology characteristics of coolant in the target area. It is concluded that the target region form two stable free interfaces when fluid outlet pressure is in the range of 10000–40000Pa and fluid entrance velocity is in the range of 0.5–1.2m/s. The flow field near the free interface structure is complex. The vortex region appears, and the disorders in the vortex flow pattern leads to fluctuation of the free interface. After establishing stable free interface morphology, the heat transfer characteristics of windowless target was further analyzed.

The steady-state phase distribution and the structural parameters have been taken as the input for the nuclear physics calculation in the ADS windowless spallation target. The distribution of the extreme large power density of the heat load is imported back as the source term in the energy equation. Then temperature distribution is obtained based on the flow process and heat transfer. The preliminary results show that the temperature distribution reaches the steady-state and its shape is like the broken wings of the butterfly. This is very important for the further design and optimization of the ADS windowless spallation target. So the two-way coupling simulation of the heat transfer process is successfully performed between the computational fluid dynamics and the nuclear physics simulation.

An engineering design for a 1-kW dual-cavity solar-driven reactor to capture carbon dioxide via the calcium oxide based two-step carbonation-calcination cycle is presented. In the low temperature carbonation step, gas containing up to 15% carbon dioxide flows through a gas manifold and plenum into an annular reaction zone filled with calcium oxide particles. The carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium oxide, forming calcium carbonate. Carbon dioxide-depleted gas flows out of the reactor through a second gas manifold. In the high temperature calcination step, concentrated solar radiation enters the beam-up oriented, windowless reactor and is absorbed by the diathermal cavity wall, which transfers heat via conduction to the calcium carbonate particles formed in the previous step. The calcium carbonate dissociates into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Additional carbon dioxide is used as a sweep gas to ensure high purity carbon dioxide at the outlet. Mechanical and thermal analyses are conducted to refine an initial reactor design and identify potential design shortcomings. Numerically predicted temperature profiles in the reactor are presented and the final reactor design is established.

Accelerator driven systems for transmutation of nuclear waste require a coupling of an accelerator to a sub-critical reactor core by means of a spallation target. A windowless target is currently developed in the Integrated Project EUROTRANS of the European Community. In the target, HLM (heavy liquid metal) flows downwards through a concentric feeder surrounding the beam tube and forming a conical free surface which is subjected to a beam current. This results in a very high heat generation. The thermal-hydraulics of the target must ensure that the heat deposited into the HLM can be safely removed. Simulations using a volume of fluid method accounting for mass transfer across the free surface can predict the shape of the conical surface, flow detachment, and transient behavior. In the codes used in this study the mass transfer is accomplished via cavitation models, so that evaporation/condensation occurs at a prescribed vapor pressure. Previous simulations have lead to the design rules for the target. In particular, the velocity in feeder nozzle is limited to 2.5 m/s. Forced detachment by enlarging the guide tube stabilizes the free surface. Cavitation in the feeder nozzle is suppressed by fins which induce the required pressure loss. Recirculation flow in the thermally highly loaded zones is minimized by a small injection angle at the feeder nozzle outflow. The simulation results lead to the design of a water experiment, which precedes the test of a HLM target. In the paper the proposed target geometry of the water experiment is presented. Code-to-code comparisons show qualitative agreement between 3 different CFD codes. The considered codes, Star-CD, Star-CCM, and CFX, yield a stable free surface configuration with small recirculation, necessary for safe heat removal. However, differences are observable with respect to the sharpness of the free surface representation and also the behavior near the axis. Also strong differences in the required computational time exist between different codes. Various structured computational meshes are studied. In some simulations a fine mesh is employed within the feeder only and a substantially coarser grid is used in the free surface region and yet yields results comparable to an all-over fine-mesh simulation.