Academic literature on the topic 'Designated suppliers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Designated suppliers"
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Cheshmberah, Mohsen. "Developing an Integrated Framework for Supplier Evaluation based on Relevant Attributes and Performance Measures." Logistics & Sustainable Transport 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlst-2020-0007.
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AbstractSupplier evaluation and selection is essential to any organization, and planning an effective and comprehensive approach to that end seems inevitable. Meanwhile, determining the requisite criteria for evaluating and selecting suppliers is probably one of the most important steps to be taken towards developing an evaluation and selection model in the organization. In this article, first a review of the literature on the criteria and the field of supplier evaluation and selection are provided. These criteria are then placed into proper categories. In order to formulate a supplier evaluation and selection framework for the manufacturing organization under study, the implemented categorization is applied where a list of fifteen attributes and performance criteria is created; where upon it is secured with the help of a designated panel (project team). These features are then screened using Lawshe’s method the “social attribute” is removed from the list of fifteen. The remaining 14 other criteria are configured within the SEAP (Suppliers Evaluation based on Attributes and Performances) framework. The framework follows the objective of continually evaluating suppliers, both potential and actual ones through incorporating their performances into their qualification ratings. Based on the proposed framework, suppliers are evaluated on the basis of two types of criteria, - feature (attribute) and performance.
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Chang, Zai Kang, Mien Ling Chong, and Jamie Bartram. "Analysis of Water Safety Plan costs from case studies in the Western Pacific Region." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 1358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.146.
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Unsafe water remains a significant public health threat in high and low income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes Water Safety Plans (WSPs) as the most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply. Although health benefits of WSP implementation have been shown, there is a lack of information relating water supplier characteristics to expected costs. Costing practices were adapted from food quality management studies and applied to six water suppliers from the Western Pacific Region, as designated by WHO. The explanation building procedure was used to develop understanding of relationships between drinking-water supply agency (DWSA) characteristics and WSP implementation costs. The results indicate that costs associated with WSP implementation are expected to be low for developed DWSAs; however, for developing DWSAs, there is high variability in costs which indicates further research may not improve generalized WSP cost estimations. Furthermore, developing DWSAs experience large and highly variable capital and operational monitoring costs. The capital and operational monitoring improvements are necessary to achieving a safe water supply and may require ongoing financial and technical resources to execute.
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Alley, Roderic. "Leaking Like a Sieve? Transfer Restraints on Small Arms, Light Weapons and Ammunition." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 24, no. 2 (2019): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krz007.
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Abstract Compared to nuclear weapons, chemical and biological weapons or advanced conventional weapons systems, such as missiles, small arms and light weapons (SALW) and the ammunition required to render them lethal, have received less attention from arms control analysts. Accordingly the focus of this commentary is upon two particular inadequacies identified within the existing SALW restraint repertoire. They include, first, a failure to have SALW ammunition designated as an objective deserving explicit restraint designation and, secondly, persisting and largely unresolved state differences over controlling supplies of this weaponry to armed non-state actors. Both concerns illustrate how a use of consensus procedures within relevant rule formulation has favoured the interests of major SALW suppliers. The two deficiencies identified are considered destabilising given their continued capacity to degrade restraints designed to restrict deployments of this long-lasting weaponry—particularly within locations exhibiting limited forms of state capacity. The scope for existing legal mechanisms to remedy these deficiencies is examined, as is their potential to induce enhanced compliance and implementation.
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Dyer, W. Gibb, and Svetlana Panicheva Mortensen. "Entrepreneurship and Family Business in a Hostile Environment: The Case of Lithuania." Family Business Review 18, no. 3 (September 2005): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00045.x.
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This article compares the survival strategies used by the founders of family and nonfamily businesses in the hostile economic environment of Lithuania. In this exploratory study, six firms were studied in depth: three family firms and three nonfamily firms. These firms were in that sector of the Lithuanian economy designated as “light industry.” The major strategies used by founders to keep their firms viable include (1) developing social capital to gain favor with local authorities and important customers and suppliers and (2) using family networks to gain access to human and financial capital. The family businesses appeared to be more successful than the nonfamily enterprises. Moreover, the ability to draw on family resources seemed to be the predominant reason for their modest success.
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Wu, Linhai, Guangqian Qiu, Jiao Lu, Minghua Zhang, and Xiaowei Wen. "Allocation of responsibility among pork supply chain players." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2822–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2017-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the responsibility that should be taken by different pork supply chain participants to ensure pork quality and safety, with the aim of providing some guidance for strengthening the supervision of pork quality and safety. Design/methodology/approach The pig farmer survey and the pork consumer survey were conducted in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, using the best-worst scaling (BWS) and a mixed logit model. Findings The results showed that the designation of responsibility for ensuring pork quality and safety was of, in descending order, feed producers and suppliers, backyard farmers and farms of designated size, pork processing workshops and companies of and above designated size, slaughterhouses, supermarkets, farmer’s markets, pig transporters, and consumers. Both pig farmers and pork consumers believed that those involved in the initial pork supply chain should take greater responsibility for pork quality and safety. Originality/value Allocation of responsibilities across the entire pork industry chain was investigated from the perspective of pig farmers and pork consumers using the BWS and a mixed logit model. The results of this study might explain the unique problems that occur in pork supply chain management in large developing countries like China.
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Agarwal, Princy, and Amul Mishra. "PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY AUDITS: A REVIEW." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.29709.
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Auditing is a vital function within a pharmaceutical company nowadays. Quality audit is a review and evaluation of all or part of a quality system with the specific purpose of improving it. It is one of the means to examine pharmacy programs and ensures that the procedures and reimbursement mechanisms comply with the contractual and regulatory requirements. A quality audit is usually conducted by external or independent experts or by a team designated by management for this purpose. These audits can be extended to suppliers and contractors as well. An audit will assess the strengths and weaknesses of quality assurance and quality assurance processes, the results of which assists in improving processes and building a better system for company benefits. This article focuses on various aspects of quality auditing in the pharmaceutical industry including its principles, objectives, importance and benefits and planning along with the deficiencies that are likely to occur during the process. This review comprises a well-organized summary of various guidelines available till date using the Google Scholar search engine and the keywords listed below.
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P. Vlachos, Ilias. "The impact of private label foods on supply chain governance." British Food Journal 116, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 1106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2012-0228.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the introduction of private label (PL) foods upon the governance of the food supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a multi-case study research examining the launch and development of PL cheeses in four large national-wide retail chains. The paper focused on the category of Products of Designated Origin (PDO) cheeses, including the popular feta cheese. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and secondary sources of information. Data analysis involved single-case and within-case analyses. Findings – There is a strong motive to launch and develop PL cheeses due to increasing consumer demand. Retailers choose suppliers based on criteria such as: compliance to quality assurance standards, modernisation of processing facilities, implementation of legislation, credibility, experience, and reputation. Retailers use contracts and prefer small suppliers than medium-sized companies. Supply chain governance turns from market to hierarchy status, which performs better in terms of supply chain cost, food quality, and consumer satisfaction. The structure of food industry is also affected by pressure put on medium-sized food companies. Research limitations/implications – The paper is based on a multiple case study design that does not provide static generalisations, yet it offers a stepping stone to building new theory about supply chain governance, how it evolves and its effects on supply chain performance. Practical implications – The introduction of PL cheeses favours small and dynamic cheese processing units willing to adopt retailer standards and prices over larger units, which poses a real threat to the survival of regional-wide food companies. Originality/value – Few studies have examined how supply chain governance evolves and what triggers a change in governance structures.
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Zheng, Yu, and Regina Abrami. "The New Face of Chinese Industrial Policy: Making Sense of Antidumping Cases in the Petrochemical and Steel Industries." Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 3 (December 2011): 373–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800007384.
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Why have China's petrochemical and steel industries behaved so differently in seeking trade protection through antidumping measures, especially given that both industries face the full force of the global economy? We argue that the patterning of antidumping actions is best explained in terms of industrial structures, inclusive of degrees of horizontal concentration and vertical integration. These structures determine a firm's motivation to seek protection as well as its capacity to overcome collective action problems within its industry. In the petrochemical industry, the shift toward greater horizontal consolidation and vertical integration reduces the collective action problems associated with antidumping petitions among upstream companies. It also weakens downstream companies lobbying in favor of the general protection of highly integrated conglomerates. In the steel industry, by contrast, national industrial policy fails to weaken local state interests sufficiently. Fragmented upstream and downstream channels instead persist, with strong odds against upstream suppliers waging a successful defense of material interests. Such distinctive industrial structures, we show, were a direct result of whether the central government could restructure these designated priority industries in its preferred direction. We find that exogenous price shocks proved particularly helpful in this regard.
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Hallberg, Peter, Nina Hasche, Johan Kask, and Christina Öberg. "Quality management systems as indicators for stability and change in customer-supplier relationships." IMP Journal 12, no. 3 (November 12, 2018): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imp-01-2018-0006.
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Purpose This paper extends the discussion on stability and change through focus on specific relationship characteristics. Quality management systems prescribe established routines for supplier selection and monitoring, and may thereby designate the nature and longevity of customer–supplier relationships. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the effects of quality management systems on stability and change in different forms of customer–supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach A number of illustrative examples based on participatory data and interviews help to capture different types of customer–supplier relationships (private/public; certified/non-certified) related to quality management systems. Findings While certified customers in most sectors only need to prove that their suppliers have procedures in place, many customers equate this with requiring that their suppliers should be certified. The paper further shows that customers replace deeper understandings for their suppliers’ procedures with the requirement that they be certified. Originality/value The paper contributes to the existing literature through integrating quality management systems literature with the business network approach. For business network studies, the discussion on quality management systems as constricting regimes is interesting and provides practical insights to the business network studies as such quality management systems increase in importance and spread.
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Cherepkov, S., V. Dulya, and V. Maliavskyi. "Procedures for Assessing the Conformity of Measuring Instruments — Structure, Design Principles and Approaches to Their Choice." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.56-61.
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Since January 01, 2016, new legislation in the field of metrology came in force in Ukraine. There have been significant changes in the regulation of metrological activity in accordance with the new Law of Ukraine “On Metrology and Metrological Activity”, which is harmonized with European legislation, in the country. Thus, the new Law lacks such forms of metrological control as state acceptance tests and state control tests, as well as state metrological certification of measuring instruments. Instead of these types of metrological control the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements has been implemented. Therefore, this article considers new approaches of the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements and is a logical continuation of an article published in Metrology and Instruments journal (1 (69), 2018), which considered the basics of development and operating the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments. This article considers some issues related to conformity assessment procedures. Criteria for the selection of modules for the conformity assessment procedure and their description are defined. The existing approaches for selection of conformity assessment procedures of measuring instruments and the cooperation of manufacturers (suppliers) of measuring instruments with designated conformity assessment bodies on the market are given. The article offers practical interest for manufacturers of measuring instruments for the legal regulated sphere.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Designated suppliers"
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Motsiri, Paulos Moeketsi. "Public sector procurement as strategic tool for black economic empowerment at Sedibeng District Municipality / Paulos Moeketsi Motsiri." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3092.
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The central objective of this study was to establish the extent to which public procurement, as applied at Sedibeng District Municipality, contributes to the development of designated suppliers. Previously, procurement was considered just another function of government responsible for purchasing and receiving goods. Currently, procurement is considered a strategic function that can be utilized by government to achieve certain policy objectives, such as Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and Local Economic Development (LED).If implemented properly, without favoritism, nepotism and corruption, public sector procurement will promote the empowerment of designated groups. In this way, it will address socio-economic imbalances of the past. The study's hypothesis implied that Sedibeng District Municipality has laudable objectives to promote black economic empowerment through procurement. However, the implementation procedures and processes showed considerable constraints. Academic literature and government procurement documents were reviewed; and interviews were conducted at Sedibeng municipal area. The literature study was based on best procurement practices both in government and private sector. Empirical research was conducted on Sedibeng District Municipality's procurement unit practices, Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise development and the benefits of procurement to designated suppliers. The purpose was to determine the role that procurement policies play in promoting black economic empowerment. Eventually, a number of models and systems were recommended to improve procurement policies and procedures at Sedibeng District Municipality. These methods include: Management Assessment System; Realistic Objectives System; Departmental Evaluation Plan; Contract Progress Report Form; and Checklists. In the view of the researcher, a combination of these methods can assist to improve procurement policies and procedures.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.
Books on the topic "Designated suppliers"
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Ranganathan, Surabhi. The Law of the Sea and Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0008.
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Ranganathan’s chapter observes that the construction of the oceans as a global commons has changed over time. Once asserted as an arena of freedoms, the oceans are now enclosed in large part within national and international jurisdictions. However, sovereign rights are accompanied by community obligations. The deep seabed and its mineral resources, in particular, are designated the common heritage of mankind. The chapter traces the evolution of this concept. Following a roughly chronological approach, it situates legal developments in political and economic context. Noting that the concept does not conform to a broad narrative of progress—a high-water mark reached in the 1980s was followed by a period of recession—the chapter evaluates whether the current framework offers an appropriate expression. It supplies the tools for a fine-grained analysis of the degree to which international law realizes this particular community obligation in principle and in practice.
Book chapters on the topic "Designated suppliers"
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Wei, James. "Product Marketing." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0015.
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A marketer should follow the maxim of the 4th century BC strategist Sun-zi, who said “Know self, know opponents, hundred battles, hundred victories.” We are the chemical processing industries (CPI), which is a collection of firms that manufacture and sell a range of products that involve chemistry and employ many chemical engineers. The buyers are consumers, businesses, governments, and foreigners. When we consider selling a product to a buyer, we pay particular attention to profitable and growing markets where our product has a relative advantage over competition. It takes a bold pioneer to introduce a new product that requires the creation of a new market. Let us study the sellers of chemical products, which are collectively called the CPI. These manufacturers are skilled in the use of chemical reactions and separations to make their products, and they employ many chemical engineers and chemists, often in highly responsible positions. Many of the firms in the CPI are also our suppliers of raw materials and intermediates, our customers for our products, and our competition in making and selling their products. The Statistical Abstract of the United States is published annually by the U.S. Census Bureau, which groups all the economic activities in the United States into 11 divisions by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). The manufacturing division is divided into 20 sections designated by two-digit numbers. The manufacturers that involve chemistry intensively are listed in table 9.1, by two 2-digit numbers, such as: 20 Food, 28 Chemicals, and 29 Petroleum Refining. The table lists the number of establishments, the number of employees and value of shipment in 1996. The SIC 28, “Chemical and Allied Products,” is the basic supplying industry to the other sectors. Table 9.1 also gives the subdivision of SIC 28 into three-digit subsectors, such as: 281 Industrial Inorganics, 283 Drugs, and 286 Industrial Organics. The subsectors of 281 and 286 form the core of the Chemical and Allied Products, as they provide raw material and intermediates for the rest of the subsectors, such as 282 Plastics and 287 Agricultural chemicals.
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Gerdel, Aymara. "Venezuela." In Open and Innovative Trade Opportunities for Latin America and the Caribbean, 69–87. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3503-5.ch004.
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The United States and China currently constitute the world's two biggest hegemonic and emerging economic powers. Venezuela maintains commercial relations with both powers in the oil trade. Since the latter 20th century, the United States has been its main trade partner, followed by China, who in the 21st century became the second largest buyer of Venezuelan oil in the world. Venezuela is also the third largest supplier of oil for the United States and the seventh for China. In spite of this close, prolonged, and strategic commercial relationship, Venezuela has recently been designated an “Unusual and Extraordinary Threat to US National Security and Foreign Policy.” In contrast, an alliance with China exists, called the Strategic Partnership Integral. President Donald Trump has already expressed special interest in the situation of Venezuela, just within his first 100 days. This is a country that represents, as said before, an Unusual and Extraordinary Threat to National Security according to an Executive Order dated March 9, 2015.
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"that the old man has a home not far from Zakynthos and a wife associated with chastity. From all this any half-educated reader would have little diffi culty in identifying the figure as Odysseus. Again, by the rules of the game, a formal answer must be supplied, and again it is sup plied realistically without breaching the narrative frame. A few sentences later Kalasiris makes this final request of his host on Zakynthos: Take your boat over to Ithake and make an offering to Odysseus on our behalf. Ask him to temper his wrath against us, for he has appeared to me this very night and told me that he is angry at having been slighted. (5.22.5) In these cases, the game is played gently. Heliodoros wants to stimulate his reader, not defeat him. Ample help is given so that the identification can be made correctly; the game is collaborative rather than competitive. However, it concerns material from out side the novel, and is perhaps not so very far above the level of a general-knowledge quiz. When Heliodoros starts playing compar able games with his own invented story, where all readers start equal, he is apt to make greater demands. Let’s start with an easy example. At the very end of the novel, Charikleia has returned to her native Ethiopia after eloping with her beloved Theagenes from Delphi, where she was brought up as the daughter of the priest of Apollo, Charikles. She has been recognized by her real parents, Hydaspes and Persinna, king and queen of Ethiopia, but Theagenes stands in mortal peril, since he has been designated a sacrificial victim in celebration of the Ethio pians’ victory over the Persians. At this juncture a message arrives from Oroondates, the defeated satrap of Egypt, asking Hydaspes to restore to her father a girl captured by the Ethiopians while on her way to Memphis; Oroondates adds that he is himself attracted to her, and knows that she has been brought to Ethiopia on Hydaspes’ orders (10.34.3-4). Hydaspes allows the father, an old man in pitifully shabby clothing, to look around for his daughter. Unable to find her among Hydaspes’ captives, the old man weeps, but suddenly rushes at Theagenes, drags him from the sacrificial altar, calling him villain and scoundrel, and informs the king, ‘This is the man who kidnapped my daughter’ (10.35.1-2). Again a vital piece of information is withheld: die identity of." In Greek Literature in the Roman Period and in Late Antiquity, 321. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203616895-36.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Designated suppliers"
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Smith, Gordon R. "GE Rapid Response Plant Design: Operational Flexibility and Transient Emissions Control." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42512.
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The GE Rapid Response plant design is described and compared to conventional combined cycle plant design. Advantages of the Rapid Response improved operational flexibility are explained and compared to conventional combined cycle plants. Improvements include faster power delivery to the grid, more economical plant startup, more profitable plant startup and lower emissions during plant startup. The capability of a drum type HRSG for the Rapid Response cycling service is explored. Joint studies between GE and HRSG suppliers are highlighted supporting the adoption of drum type HRSGs for this cycling service. Necessary modifications to other plant equipment are explained. Quantitative comparisons of Rapid Response and conventional combined cycle plant operability are given for electrical energy production and emissions reduction. An advanced Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR control is shown providing improvements in combined cycle plant transient emissions control. Elements of the new control are explained. Argument is made to designate the new control as a second generation GEN II control compared to all other currently existing controls designated GEN I. A brief outline of the current state of Rapid Response plant deployment is provided.
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Itoh, Takane, and Hidetomo Kimura. "Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program: Year 2 Progress." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-040.
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A seven-year program, designated “Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, was started in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This CGT-Program is conducted by PEC with the support of MITI. The basic engine is a 100-kW, single-shaft engine having a turbine inlet temperature of a 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. During the second year of the program, experimental evaluation of the various components was started, including a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine rotor, a high speed rotor system and initial ceramic hot parts. Cold and hot spin testing of ceramic rotors from three different ceramic suppliers was also initiated.
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Georgiadis, Sofia K., William Parrella, and George Hacken. "NYCT Solid State Interlocking (SSI) Safety Certification." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5726.
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The New York City Transit (NYCT) Signal Modernization Program has been ongoing since the mid-1990s. The current phase of modernization involves the procurement of Solid State Interlocking (SSI) systems that are designed to replace relay-based interlockings. SSI procurement has necessitated significant adjustments to NYCT’s system deployment processes, most notably in the areas of design, implementation, test, maintenance, and safety certification. NYCT has successfully met the challenge of applying the updated deployment processes to multiple, concurrent system procurements. The most fundamental change to the NYCT procurement approach required a shift from the traditional design-build model of acquisition for relay-based systems to a software-based development lifecycle for SSIs. The relay-based Interlocking systems’ design-build model has traditionally involved the realization of complex relay logic with well-known hardware components such as relays, trip-stops, signals and switch machines. The SSI systems’ software model however requires additional consideration of software and hardware development phases, such as designated in the V-lifecycle. V-model phases include requirement, design, implementation, and test. For SSI systems, NYCT adopted a “double” V-Life cycle approach, one V for the supplier’s SSI hardware and software (executive) platform, and one V for the SSI application (site-specific field) logic. At NYCT, the first V is dedicated to the suppliers’ executive platform. Hardware and software comprising the supplier platform are verified to meet safety and performance requirements. Safety analyses such as Fault Tree Analysis, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, Timing Analysis, and Hazard Analysis are generated by SSI suppliers. System Safety Concepts, e.g., Numerical Assurance, Checked Redundancy, Intrinsic Fail-Safety are also assessed. NYCT’s second V is dedicated to the application software, i.e., the site-specific relay-based logic, which is implemented as Boolean logic within the SSI. For the Booleans, the process of traditional circuit checking is supplemented by Model Checking, wherein NYCT General Safety Properties are used to verify the site-specific logic. Model Checking provides assurance that safety properties are met throughout the entire interlocking design, for every system state, and does not rely on a manual review process. This paper will focus on the benefits NYCT has realized as a result of adopting Model Checking as a requirement for safety certification, along with an overview of the NYCT SSI safety certification process.
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Salama, Mamdouh M. "Qualification Strategy for FAST-Pipe™ for High Pressure Gas Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31078.
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Because major reserves for natural gas are often remotely located from potential market, its transportation requires larger diameter pipes operating at high pressures. In order to reduce cost, high strength steels (≥ X80) have been advanced to reduce the wall thickness of the pipeline and thus lower materials, transportation and construction costs. However, producing large diameter high pressure pipelines of these steels creates significant challenges that can only be met by very few steel suppliers. This paper presents the qualification results of an alternative technology that will reduce cost even more than high strength steels while using conventional steel such as X70. This technology, which is designated as Fiber Augmented Steel Technology Pipe (FAST-Pipe™), involves hoop winding dry glass fibers over conventional steel pipes (e.g. X70) to provide the required high pressure capacity. The steel thickness is selected to mainly satisfy axial and bending load requirements. Following a proof-of-concept of the FAST-Pipe™, a detailed qualification program was developed based on a decision and risk analysis strategy that incorporates key elements of the industry technology qualification guidelines (DNV RP A203 and API 17N). The qualification program involved addressing fifteen design, construction and operational parameters. The paper presents the FAST-Pipe™ concept, discusses its advantages and summarizes the results of its qualification program.
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Rahmani, Mohsen, and Kamran Behdinan. "Performance Analysis and Parametric Studies of Nose Landing Gear Shimmy Dampers." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10167.
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Abstract Self-induced mechanical oscillation of nose landing gears designated as shimmy is a major safety challenge for aircrafts. The rotational-lateral shimmy vibrations can occur during takeoff, taxiing, and landing and needs to be sufficiently controlled to avoid escalation and catastrophic failure of the landing gear system. Existing solutions for shimmy problem are largely passive control strategies known as shimmy dampers. Despite numerous studies on the source of shimmy and its trends, investigations on the design and performance analysis of shimmy dampers are scarce. From a design perspective, it is crucial to quantify the effective stiffness and damping supplied by the shimmy damper to the system in different operation states. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the damper performance to its design parameters needs to be thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the design for a particular aircraft. In this study, core relationships for three shimmy dampers are presented and used to perform sensitivity studies. These dampers are concepts by Boeing, Collins Aerospace (formerly UTAS), and a new one designated as the Symmetric Torque Link Damper (STLD). The influence of design parameters on the dampers’ performance is studied and observed trends are discussed in the light of inherent trade-offs. Subsequently, a nonlinear Multibody Dynamic model of the landing gear is utilized to obtain sample time histories of oscillations for each shimmy damper in order to highlight the performance differences and to demonstrate the influence of design parameters. Directions for designing future shimmy dampers and recommendations for optimizing them are offered.
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Ueno, Ichiro, Takahito Saiki, Tomohiro Osawa, and Chungpyo Hong. "Condensation and Collapse of Vapor Bubble Injected to Subcooled Pool." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73190.
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We pay a special attention to the collapsing processes of vapor bubble injected into a subcooled pool; we try to extract the vapor-liquid interaction by employing a vapor generator that supplies vapor at designated flow rate to the subcooled pool instead of using a immersed heated surface to realize a vapor bubble by boiling phenomenon. This system enables ones to detect a spatio-temporal behavior of a single bubble of superheated vapor exposed to a subcooled liquid. We indicate the condensation rates as functions of the injection velocity of the vapor and the degree of subcooling of the pool. We indicate that an abrupt condensation of the injected vapor results in a fine disturbance over the vapor bubble surface before the collapse stage of the bubble. The wave number is sharply dependent on the degree of subcooling of the pool. The threshold of such a fine disturbance formation over the bubble corresponds with that the occurring condition of the maximum volume reduction rate of the vapor bubble.
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Tan, Ee Sann, Kumaran Palanisamy, Ibrahim Hussein, and Farid Nasir Ani. "Preliminary Study on Combustion of Biodiesel for Power Generation." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13338.
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In the recent wake of escalating crude oil prices due to depletion of fossil fuel, biodiesel has generated a significant interest as an alternative fuel for the future. The use of biodiesel to fuel microturbines or gas turbine application is envisaged to solve problems of diminishing supplies of fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns. This paper examines the combustion of biodiesel derived from Malaysian Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in a combustion test facility to study the feasibility of using the designated fuel at five various volumetric ratios for gas turbine application. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oil in Malaysia, mainly from palm oil sources and animal fats. The oil burner was able to fire the five blends of fuel without any modification or pretreatment. The combustion performance of Malaysian WCO biodiesel and distillate blends was examined with respect to the combustion efficiency. The results indicated biodiesel combustion required less air for stoichiometric combustion due to presence of oxygen in the fuel. Indeed biodiesel stand as a potential alternative fuel for power generation application with the best efficiency at blended ratio of 20% biodiesel and 80% distillate.
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Feitelberg, Alan S., and Michael A. Lacey. "The GE Rich-Quench-Lean Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-127.
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The General Electric Company has developed and successfully tested a full-scale, ‘F’ class (2550°F combustor exit temperature), rich-quench-lean (RQL) gas turbine combustor, designated RQL2, for low heating value (LHV) fuel and integrated gasification combined cycle applications. Although the primary objective of this effort was to develop an RQL combustor with lower conversion of fuel bound nitrogen to NOx than a conventional gas turbine combustor, the RQL2 design can be readily adapted to natural gas and liquid fuel combustion. RQL2 is the culmination of a 5 year research and development effort that began with natural gas tests of a 2″ diameter perforated plate combustor and included LHV fuel tests of RQL1, a reduced scale (6″ diameter) gas turbine combustor. The RQL2 combustor includes a 14″ diameter converging rich stage liner, an impingement cooled 7″ diameter radially-stratified-quench stage, and a backward facing step at the entrance to a 10″ diameter film cooled lean stage. The rich stage combustor liner has a novel double-walled structure with narrow circumferential cooling channels to maintain metal wall temperatures within design limits. Provisions were made to allow independent control of the air supplied to the rich and quench/lean stages. RQL2 has been fired for almost 100 hours with LHV fuel supplied by a pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system. At the optimum rich stage equivalence ratio NOx emissions were about 50 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis), more than a factor of 3 lower than expected from a conventional diffusion flame combustor burning the same fuel. With 4600 ppmv NH3 in the LHV fuel, this corresponds to a conversion of NH3 to NOx of about 5%. As conditions were shifted away from the optimum, RQL2 NOx emissions gradually increased until they were comparable to a standard combustor. A chemical kinetic model of RQL2, constructed from a series of ideal chemical reactors, matched the measured NOx emissions fairly well. The CO emissions were between 5 and 30 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) under all conditions.
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Kang, Tae Kyo, Won Ho Jo, Yeon Ho Cho, Sang Gyoon Chang, and Dae Hee Lee. "The Application of an Integrated Head Assembly for Advanced Power Reactor 1400." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60860.
Full textAbstract:
The reactor vessel head region consists of a number of components and systems including reactor vessel head, CEDMs with their cables, cooling air system with ducts and fans, missile shield, seismic supports, head lift rig and cable supports. Prior to refueling operation, those components must be dismantled separately, and moved to the designated storage area. It was a very complicated and time consuming process. As a result, the integrated head assembly (IHA) was introduced to simplify those disassembling procedures, reduce refueling outage period, and improve safety in the containment building as those components are combined into a single system. To reduce refueling outage duration and radiation exposures to the workers by integrating the complicated reactor head region structures, KEPCO E&C has developed the IHA concept in the Korean Next Generation Reactor (KNGR) project [1]. The first application was implemented for the Optimized Power Reactor 1000 (OPR1000) at Shin-Kori units 1&2 and Shin-Wolsong units 1&2. With the past experience, the IHA was upgraded to be applied to the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400). The design was patented in Korea [2], China, EU and the USA as modular reactor head area assembly. The IHA was applied for APR1400 nuclear power plants at Shin-Kori and Shin-Hanul, Korea. The design was also supplied to Barakah Nuclear Power Plants in the United Arab Emirates. This paper presents the design features and a variety of analysis which have been used for the APR1400 IHA.
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O’Donovan, A., R. Grimes, E. J. Walsh, J. Moore, and N. Reams. "Steam-Side Characterisation of a Modular Air-Cooled Condenser." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87846.
Full textAbstract:
Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and a growing collective environmental awareness has led to the development of alternative methods of power generation such as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). Although almost all existing CSP plants currently use water-cooled condensers, limited water supplies in the designated desert regions for such power plants, the high costs associated with providing cooling water and environmental considerations will all restrict the future use of water-cooled condensers. Air-cooled condensers (ACCs) are therefore proposed, despite evidence to suggest that they suffer from significant inefficiencies [1]. It has been suggested that a modular design, addressed in this paper, could offer solutions to issues with current ACC technologies. To fully characterise the modular ACC design it is necessary to quantify the steam-side characteristics. A series of tests were performed under vacuum conditions representative of an operational condenser. The condenser vacuum was measured for a series of incremental fan rotational speeds, to determine both the qualitative and quantitative relationship between fan speed and condenser pressure. Results indicate that for a given steam mass flow rate, the condenser pressure decreases with increasing fan rotational speed. Furthermore, the choice of vacuum pump, used to displace air leakages, was shown to have a significant influence on the steam-side response. Larger displacement-capacity vacuum pumps permit lower condenser pressures. The steam condensation pressure drop through the condenser tubes was also measured. Results for the measured pressure drop revealed a large level of momentum recovery, which is not uncommon in steam condensation processes. Experimental frictional pressure drops were determined and these compared favourably with certain two-phase frictional pressure drop correlations. In particular, the Lockhart & Martinelli correlation was found to be most capable of predicting the frictional pressure drop trends encountered during testing. The large level of agreement between the measurements and predictions provide confidence in future use of the Lockhart & Martinelli correlation to predict frictional pressure losses.