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1
Al-Quraan, Ayman, and Muhannad Al-Qaisi. "Modelling, Design and Control of a Standalone Hybrid PV-Wind Micro-Grid System." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164849.
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The problem of electrical power delivery is a common problem, especially in remote areas where electrical networks are difficult to reach. One of the ways that is used to overcome this problem is the use of networks separated from the electrical system through which it is possible to supply electrical energy to remote areas. These networks are called standalone microgrid systems. In this paper, a standalone micro-grid system consisting of a Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is being designed and controlled. Fuzzy logic-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is being applied to a boost converter to control and extract the maximum power available for the PV system. The control system is designed to deliver the required energy to a specific load, in all scenarios. The excess energy generated by the PV panel is used to charge the batteries when the energy generated by the PV panel exceeds the energy required by the load. When the electricity generated by the PV panels is insufficient to meet the load’s demands, the extra power is extracted from the charged batteries. In addition, the controller protects the battery banks in all conditions, including normal, overcharging, and overdischarging conditions. The controller should handle each case correctly. Under normal operation conditions (20% < State of Charge (SOC) < 80%), the controller functions as expected, regardless of the battery’s state of charge. When the SOC reaches 80%, a specific command is delivered, which shuts off the PV panel and the wind turbine. The PV panel and wind turbine cannot be connected until the SOC falls below a safe margin value of 75% in this controller. When the SOC goes below 20%, other commands are sent out to turn off the inverter and disconnect the loads. The electricity to the inverter is turned off until the batteries are charged again to a suitable value.
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Mahmud, Md Rasel, and Hemanshu Pota. "Robust Partial Feedback Linearized Controller Design for Standalone Hybrid PV-BES System." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070772.
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This paper presents a mixed-sensitivity-based robust H∞ loop-shaping partial feedback linearized control scheme to enhance the transient stability of a battery energy storage-associated standalone solar photovoltaic system. The proposed control scheme has been provided independent operating points for a generalized nonlinear dynamical model of DC microgrids connected standalone hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage system. A parametric uncertainty model is developed for the generalized dynamical model, and the noise disengaging merit of the proposed control technique has been investigated. The designed controller’s performance has been demonstrated under four different scenarios, and it is compared with the conventional PI controller for partial feedback linearized control law.
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Traiki, Ghizlane, Abdelmounime El Magri, Rachid Lajouad, and Omar Bouattane. "A non-linear control strategy for a PV conversion system with energy storage." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701023.
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A nonlinear control of a PV Energy Conversion System (PVECS) with energy storage system and maximum power extraction is presented. The control strategy is designed in two steps. Firstly, a MPPT algorithm is designed to tracking the maximum power point in variable irradiations, battery state of charge (SOC) and load changes. Then, thanks to its many advantages such as simplicity against parameter uncertainties, a Sliding Mode Control approach (SMC) is applied to control the standalone PV energy conversion system. Finally, the performances of MPPT techniques and SMC controller in the closed loop are checked using the MATLAB/SIMULINK.
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Suganthi, Neelagiri, and Usha Pasumarthi. "Modelling and control of grid connected microgrid with hybrid energy storage system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems ( 14, no. 3 (2023): 1791~1801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1791-1801.
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This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) microgrid with battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage systems. The proposed microgrid system is designed for both grid connected and standalone mode with coordinated control-based energy management system, which controls DC link voltage, voltage and frequency balance at point of common coupling. DC link voltage control is implemented using dual loop PI controller-based voltage controller and inverter control is based on D-Q reference frame technique. The microgrid system is demonstrated in MATLAB/Simulink. The presentation of the planned energy supervision system is analyzed for varying generation and load condition. In the proposed microgrid the battery energy storage system is utilized to provide long term energy during average power requirement and supercapacitor energy storage system is utilized to provide short term power requirements during sudden load variation, generation variation and during transition of modes. Designed energy management system performs effectively in grid connected mode, standalone mode with smooth transition between the modes. And it maintains dc bus voltage of the microgrid constant irrespective of load and generation variations and also during mode changing conditions.
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Gnanam, Nisha, and Jamuna Kamaraj. "Real-Time Frequency Stabilization of Standalone PV System with SMC." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 1 (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i1.1080.
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This paper aims to obtain suitable control for the Standalone Photo Voltaic (SAPV) system to meet consumer demands in weather conditions. A SAPV system is developed with a solar array with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a Boost converter, and an inverter. This system uses controllers for maximum power output tracking, constant DC output of the Boost converter, and constant output voltage and frequency with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control mode. MPPT, boost converter, and inverter controller parameters are designed and tuned, respectively. Proportional gain (Kp) and Integral gain (Ki) values and the Sliding Mode Method (SMC) tune the controller parameters. The innovative aspect of this work is to propose a standalone PV system with controllers based only on the sliding mode control approach. Moreover, the current controller provides an output current of high quality with a THD of 1.6 %. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme modeled and simulated under OPAL-RT real-time Software in Loop (SIL) platform with MATLAB Simulink under fast variations of irradiance and temperature. Various analyses have been carried out for examining the proposed Sliding Mode Controller-based standalone photovoltaic system.
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Nur, Syafiqah Mohd Taib, Zaliha Mohammad Noor Siti, Musa Suleiman, and Dewi Abd Aziz Pusparini. "Fuzzy logic control based MPPT for standalone photovoltaic system with battery storage." Fuzzy logic controlbased MPPTfor standalone photovoltaic system with battery storage 14, no. 4 (2023): 2527–36. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i4.pp2527-2536.
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Considering its favorable characteristics, photovoltaic energy is widely recognized as highly beneficial to the environment. To achieve continuous maximum output power across the PV system, an efficient control strategy is developed after studying several maximum power point detection (MPPT) techniques. Consequently, this paper presents a useful control technique for maximizing power extraction from PV systems under varying conditions. The paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy logic control (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system with battery storage. The FLC is employed to extract the maximum power from a PV module and integrate it with the battery to supply the load. The FLC offers advantages over conventional MPPT methods, such as accurate and rapid response to changes in environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and temperature. The PV system exhibits low total harmonic distortion (THD), making it ideal for household appliances, and can deliver 230 Vrms of single-phase output AC power. The system is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, incorporating a solar module, DC-to-DC converters, battery storage, and an inverter for supplying AC loads. Simulation results for selected test conditions are presented and discussed. The system performance is evaluated through steady state tests and dynamic tests in simulations.
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Taib, Nur Syafiqah Mohd, Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor, Suleiman Musa, and Pusparini Dewi Abd Aziz. "Fuzzy logic control based MPPT for standalone photovoltaic system with battery storage." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 4 (2023): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i4.pp2527-2536.
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<span lang="EN-US">Considering its favorable characteristics, photovoltaic energy is widely recognized as highly beneficial to the environment. To achieve continuous maximum output power across the PV system, an efficient control strategy is developed after studying several maximum power point detection (MPPT) techniques. Consequently, this paper presents a useful control technique for maximizing power extraction from PV systems under varying conditions. The paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy logic control (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system with battery storage. The FLC is employed to extract the maximum power from a PV module and integrate it with the battery to supply the load. The FLC offers advantages over conventional MPPT methods, such as accurate and rapid response to changes in environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and temperature. The PV system exhibits low total harmonic distortion (THD), making it ideal for household appliances, and can deliver 230 Vrms of single-phase output AC power. The system is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, incorporating a solar module, DC-to-DC converters, battery storage, and an inverter for supplying AC loads. Simulation results for selected test conditions are presented and discussed. The system performance is evaluated through steady state tests and dynamic tests in simulations.</span>
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Sahoo, Girija Shankar, Narendra Kumar Jain, Bhuvana J, and Kuldeep Singh Kulhar. "Power Quality Improvement of PV-Wind-Battery Powered Standalone Hybrid System." E3S Web of Conferences 540 (2024): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454001007.
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Hybrid standalone power supply system’s especially operating with renewable energy sources are becoming popular and establishing in many places worldwide. Two major renewable energy sources for electricity generation are solar and wind. Usually Photovoltaic modules (PVMs) are using for producing electricity from solar energy and in the similar way, PMSG based wind power conversion systems are becoming popular for medium power ranges. Therefore, a standalone hybrid system consisting of PVMs, wind, and battery can ensure a reliable power supply to various loads. The combination of these energy sources, along with the battery storage system, offers a flexible and dependable power supply to consumers at all times. This innovative approach involves the implementation of a novel control technique in a microgrid setup to uphold power quality at the PCC. The system integrates devices for maximizing power point to improve energy utilization efficiency. A DC to DC bidirectional circuit connects the battery bank unit (BBU) to the system to efficiently regulate energy. The bidirectional DC to DC circuit controls the dc-link voltage by accurately managing the discharging and charging of the battery. The three-phase inverter is situated between the AC loads and dclink, designed with a control system that ensures a constant RMS voltage at the PCC, regardless of changes in load and energy sources. MATLAB platform is used to present the results under various case studies in this paper.
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Anjum, Waqas, Abdul Rashid Husain, Junaidi Abdul Aziz, Syed Muhammad Fasih ur Rehman, Muhammad Paend Bakht, and Hasan Alqaraghuli. "A Robust Dynamic Control Strategy for Standalone PV System under Variable Load and Environmental Conditions." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084601.
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Dual-stage standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from stability, reliability issues, and their efficiency to deliver maximum power is greatly affected by changing environmental conditions. A hybrid back-stepping control (BSC) is a good candidate for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) however, there are eminent steady-state oscillations in the PV output due to BSC’s recursive nature. The issue can be addressed by proposing a hybrid integral back-stepping control (IBSC) algorithm where the proposed integral action significantly reduces the steady-state oscillations in the PV array output under varying temperature and solar irradiance level. Simultaneously, at the AC stage, the primary challenge is to reduce both the steady-state tracking error and total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output of VSI, resulting from the load parameter variations. Although the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) is robust to parameter variations, however, it is discontinuous in nature and inherit over-conservative gain design. In order to address this issue, a dynamic disturbance rejection strategy based on super twisting control (STC) has been proposed where a higher order sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the effect of load disturbances as a lumped parameter which is then rejected by the newly designed control law to achieve the desired VSI tracking performance. The proposed control strategy has been validated via MATLAB Simulink where the system reaches the steady-state in 0.005 s and gives a DC–DC conversion efficiency of 99.85% at the peak solar irradiation level. The AC stage steady-state error is minimized to 0 V whereas, THD is limited to 0.07% and 0.11% for linear and non-linear loads, respectively.
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Yang, Yan, Qingyu Wei, Shanke Liu, and Liang Zhao. "Distribution Strategy Optimization of Standalone Hybrid WT/PV System Based on Different Solar and Wind Resources for Rural Applications." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145307.
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The characteristics of solar and wind energy determine that the optimization of a standalone hybrid wind turbine (WT)/photovoltaic panel (PV) system depends on the natural resources of the installation location. In order to ensure system reliability and improve the resource utilization, a method for determining the installed capacity ratio of a hybrid renewable energy system is required. This study proposes a calculation method to optimize the installed capacity ratio, considering the system reliability to meet the needs of the hybrid system to adapt to different natural resources. In this paper, a standalone hybrid WT/PV system to provide electricity for rural areas is designed. Taking the power supply guarantee rate and electricity supply continuity as indicators, the system is simulated by using the Transient System Simulator solver. The results show that the recommended installed capacity ratio of the WT and PV is 5:1 when the total solar irradiation is less than 5040 MJ/(m2·a) and the annual average wind velocity is in the range of 3.0~3.5 m/s. When the annual average wind velocity is in the range of 2.0~3.0 m/s, the PV plays an increasingly significant role in the hybrid system and exceeds the WT if the total solar irradiation is greater than 6300 MJ/(m2·a). However, if the total solar irradiation and the annual average wind velocity are less than 5040 MJ/(m2·a) and 2.0 m/s, respectively, it is not recommended to use the standalone hybrid system because it cannot meet the power demand. These conclusions provide guidance for the distribution strategies of the standalone hybrid WT/PV system within different natural resources.
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Sen, Priyanka, Ashwin Kumar Sahoo, and Vandana Jha. "CSA-based harmonic elimination controlled reduced switch multilevel inverter for standalone PV system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 1 (2024): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp345-356.
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A standalone photovoltaic (PV) system has emerged as a clean energy solution for application in remote areas. To establish such a system a suitable converter is required for voltage boosting as well as to produce high-quality output as required by the load. To achieve this, multilevel inverters (MLIs) are the proven substitute in PV systems. A conventional MLI uses multiple sources and switches that increase the cost and complexity. To provide a complete stand-alone system solution that addresses this issue, reduced component switched capacitor (SC) based seven-level MLI is disclosed in this paper. A new crow search algorithm (CSA) based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method is employed to estimate the switching angles. The dominant harmonic orders are removed from the 7-level SC-MLI output while the desired firing angles for the switches are evaluated. Using only seven switches, the circuit boosts the voltage to 1.5 times with the aid of self-balanced capacitors. Therefore, the circuit does not require an additional control circuit for voltage balancing. The overall system is designed in MATLAB/Simulink environment to test under different operating conditions. An experimental prototype of the 7-level SCMLI is also designed to validate the CSA-based SHE control and MLI performance in real time.
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Biadgie, Chalie Getinet, and Haimanot Taye Haile. "Design and Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking Photovoltaic Water Pumping System (Case Study: Bahir Dar University Health Science College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia)." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 73 (May 16, 2025): 145–64. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7f3mjr.
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The application of photovoltaic (PV) system in different sectors increases dramatically since it is clean, sustainable, and easy to maintain. However, PV systems have a nonlinear voltage-current characteristic, with a distinct maximum power point (MPP), which depends on environmental factors like temperature and irradiation. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is crucial for PV power systems to consistently extract the maximum power from solar panels as it optimizes power output under varying conditions. In this paper, a standalone PV-powered water pumping system is designed for Bahir Dar University Health Science College. Then fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) is designed for MPPT. The proposed controller is simulated in MATLAB/ SIMULINK and the controller's performance for optimizing the system's power output under different environmental and load conditions is evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT algorithm is validated by comparing its performance with fuzzy logic control (FLC) and sliding mode control (SMC). Based on the simulation result FSMC has an MPPT efficiency of 99.13% compared with 80.21% in FLC and 97.81% in SMC.
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El-Shahat, Adel, and Sharaf Sumaiya. "DC-Microgrid System Design, Control, and Analysis." Electronics 8, no. 2 (2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020124.
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Recently direct current (DC) microgrids have drawn more consideration because of the expanding use of direct current (DC) energy sources, energy storages, and loads in power systems. Design and analysis of a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system with DC microgrid has been proposed to supply power for both DC and alternating current (AC) loads. The proposed system comprises of a solar PV system with boost DC/DC converter, Incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT), bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), DC-AC inverter and batteries. The proposed bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC) lessens the component losses and upsurges the efficiency of the complete system after many trials for its components’ selection. Additionally, the IncCond MPPT is replaced by Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT, and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) one. The three proposed techniques’ comparison shows the ranking of the best choice in terms of the achieved maximum power and fast—dynamic response. Furthermore, a stability analysis of the DC microgrid system is investigated with a boost converter and a bidirectional DC-DC converter with the Lyapunov function for the system has been proposed. The complete system is designed and executed in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and validated utilizing an OPAL real-time simulator.
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Neelagiri, Suganthi, and Pasumarthi Usha. "Modelling and control of grid connected microgrid with hybrid energy storage system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (2023): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1791-1801.
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<p class="JESAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) microgrid with battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage systems. The proposed microgrid system is designed for both grid connected and standalone mode with coordinated control-based energy management system, which controls DC link voltage, voltage and frequency balance at point of common coupling. DC link voltage control is implemented using dual loop PI controller-based voltage controller and inverter control is based on D-Q reference frame technique. The microgrid system is demonstrated in MATLAB/Simulink. The</span><span lang="EN-US"> presentati</span><span lang="EN-US">on</span><span lang="EN-US"> of the planned energy supervision system is analyzed for varying generation and load condition. In the proposed microgrid the battery energy storage system is utilized to provide long term energy during average power requirement and supercapacitor energy storage system is utilized to provide short term power requirements during sudden load variation, generation variation and during transition of modes. Designed energy management system performs effectively in grid connected mode, standalone mode with smooth transition between the modes. And it maintains dc bus voltage of the microgrid constant irrespective of load and generation variations and also during mode changing conditions.</span></p>
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Butt, Osama Majeed, Tareq Saeed, Hassan Elahi, et al. "A Predictive Approach to Optimize a HHO Generator Coupled with Solar PV as a Standalone System." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 12110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112110.
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Production of hydrogen by means of renewable energy sources is a way to eliminate dependency of the system on the electric grid. This study is based on a technique involving coupling of an oxyhydrogen (HHO) electrolyzer with solar PV to produce clean HHO gas as a fuel. One of objectives of this study was to develop a strategy to make the electrolyzer independent of other energy sources and work as a standalone system based on solar PV only. A DC-DC buck convertor is used with an algorithm that can track the maximum power and can be fed to the electrolyzer by PV while addressing its intermittency. The electrolyzer is considered to be an electrical load that is connected to solar PV by means of a DC-DC convertor. An algorithm is designed for this DC-DC convertor that allows maximization and control of power transferred from solar PV to the electrolyzer to produce the maximum HHO gas. This convertor is also responsible for operating the electrolyzer in its optimum operating region to avoid overheating. The DC-DC converter has been tested under simulated indoor conditions and uncontrolled outdoor conditions. Analysis of this DC-DC convertor based on maximum power tracking algorithm showed 94% efficiency.
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Don Chua, Wei Feng, Chong Lye Lim, Yit Yan Koh, and Chiang Liang Kok. "A Novel IoT Photovoltaic-Powered Water Irrigation Control and Monitoring System for Sustainable City Farming." Electronics 13, no. 4 (2024): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040676.
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In Singapore’s limited land space, hydroponics, a soil-free method of that uses irrigation gained popularity for urban farming. Vertical farming can be made more sustainable by integrating Internet-of-Things (IoT) and solar photovoltaic (PV) as an intelligent system. This study aims to conduct a feasibility study on using PV cells to reduce energy consumption in IoT-enabled irrigation control and monitoring systems. In the experiment, an intelligent water irrigation system was designed for data collection including energy harvested from PV, climate conditions, and water quality. It was observed that a 45 Watt peak (Wp) solar PV was able to produce up to 460-watt hours of stored electricity in a day which can power a standalone hydroponic system that consists of a 19 W water pump and light emitting diode (LED) grow lights rated at 14 W/m. The climate monitoring system matched meteorological data from online sources proving to be applicable in the prototype. Water conditions such as water temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) also correlate to readings taken from traditional handheld water quality testers. Based on the fabricated prototype, integration is deemed to be feasible using power harvested from the sun.
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Singh, Shweta, Sunil Kumar Jakhar, G. Ezhilarasan, and Kuldeep Singh Kulhar. "Novel Control Technique for Power Quality Improvement in PV - Wind Operated Hybrid Standalone System with TSK Fuzzy Controllers." E3S Web of Conferences 540 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454001004.
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Power generation and supplying to electric loads through hybrid renewable energy sources is one of the best choices to reduce global warming as well as fulfill the needs of electric loads in many rural places. Hence establishing standalone hybrid power supply systems are becoming increasing day by day. However, due to atmospheric changes, a storage device (i.e., battery bank unit (BBU)) along with proper energy management system must be integrated into standalone system to manage power balance between load and generation. Photovoltaic-wind-battery powered standalone power supply system is considered in this work. An effective control mechanism is proposed to supply the quality power at load bus. Due to drawbacks of conventional PI controllers, a Takagi Sugeno Kang Fuzzy controller is used in proposed control methodology. Dual inverter configuration is implemented in this research work, one is operated between AC load bus and dc-link, the other one is in between BBU and AC load bus. In order to manage power balance in the system, a dc to dc bidirectional circuit is placed between batteries and inverter. In this configuration, the operation similar to inter line power flow controller is achieved by operating the inverter between BBU and AC load bus by proposed method. The Hardware-in the-Loop is designed for analyzing various case studies in the results by connecting two OPAL-RT devices.
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Alzaroog, Emhamed, Mohsen Ben Ammar, Mohamed Ali Zdiri, and Hsan Hadj Abdallah. "An Advanced Artificial Neural Network Energy Management in Standalone PV Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 4 (2022): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100442.
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With the ever-increasing prevalent power crisis and pollution of the environment, solar power, has attracted greater attention as a new and clean energy source. It provides an alternative solution for isolated sites with an unavailable grid connection. However, it is not without any drawbacks, mainly its intermittent nature, related primarily owing to its reliance on meteorological variables such as the temperature outside and the amount of sunlight. In effect, the PV systems that produced electrical energy could well display an electricity excess or deficit at the loads level, likely to result in system service discontinuity. In this respect, the present paper is designed to provide an intelligent management strategy to PV station owners with a dump load. It can involve serving two customers simultaneously according to the following scenarios: the PV production installation of the customer1 is greater than their required load; however, the customer2's neighboring station does not have enough power to cover its electrical load. This case brings electrical energy from the initial station to make up for the shortfall, and vice versa. Lithium-ion batteries step in the case when the essential electrical power cannot be delivered either by the local station or the neighboring one or to keep the accumulated power excess. If one of the stations (1 or 2) detects a power surplus and the batteries are completely charged, the generated power excess must be redirected to a secondary load, commonly known as the dump load. Relying on the artificial neural network controller, the suggested exchange control is used for two independent PV-battery stations with dump load. The MATLAB/Simulink attained simulation turns out to demonstrate the advanced controller’s noticeable performance and effectiveness in managing the standalone PV system’s operability in terms of continuous electrical energy delivery flow to the resistive load while reducing power waste and increasing the lithium-ion battery lifespan.
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Yahiaoui, Fatah, Ferhat Chabour, Ouahib Guenounou, et al. "An Experimental Testing of Optimized Fuzzy Logic-Based MPPT for a Standalone PV System Using Genetic Algorithms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2023 (April 27, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4176997.
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The choice and the dimensioning of the controller for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are determined for the ideal energy efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) systems. Many works have been developed in the field of MPPT methods, especially fuzzy logic controllers. However, these are robust if the parameters of the membership functions have been well designed. In this paper, the performances of an intelligent fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based MPPT method have been optimized by an evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA). The works presented in the literature have shown the efficiency of the proposed method compared to classical methods. In our paper, the validation of the experimental results obtained is given with respect to a reference signal. The control of the simulated PV source and the proposed method are built using the Simulink/Matlab environment and implemented on the dSPACE DS1104 controller to validate the practical execution of the suggested method. The standalone PV system has been tested in an emulated test bench experimentation. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method and its high accuracy in handling fast varying load conditions.
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Shilpa Saxena, Vijay Kumar Tayal, Hemender Pal Singh, and Vinod Kumar Yadav. "AN INTELLIGENT CONTROLLED TRACKING OF POINT OF MAXIMUM POWER IN STANDALONE PV SYSTEM UNDER REALISTIC VARYING IRRADIATIONS." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 31, no. 5 (2024): 010330(1–13). https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-05-e03899.
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Owing to the proven footmark for the clean, green energy, compact in size, cost effective and ease of availability of sunlight, applications of photovoltaic (PV) panels are continuously on rise. However, the low conversion efficiency is a major concern for researchers. The conversion efficiency may be improved significantly if PV panels are operating on maximum power point. Solar irradiations received by PV panel are not constant always. The irradiation may be linear and nonlinear, fast, slow and sudden varying in nature. Thus, tracking of maximum power point is a huge challenge. This irregular behaviour of incident irradiations may result in oscillations in output and low conversion efficiency. In order to enhance the performance, a suitably designed controller, operating at maximum power point is needed. This paper highlights maximum power point tracking under varying irradiation conditions (viz. Step Variable Irradiance and Ropp’s irradiance profile) using two control techniques namely Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC). The simulation results obtained for two control techniques are compared for system efficiency, tracking of maximum power point and enhancement of voltage. The comparison of results reveals that there is far better improvement in overall efficiency, output power, output voltage and faster regaining of the maximum power point path with IC technique as compared to P&O technique. Thus, IC control technique excellently tracks maximum power point with reduced probability of deviation and better oscillation damping under varying incident irradiations.
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Hassan, Mohamed Saleh, Shimaa Hassan, Mohamed Reda Mahmoud Hassan, Abou-Hashema Mostafa El-Sayed, Masahito Shoyama, and Gamal Mahmoud Dousoky. "Performance improvement of a standalone PV system using supercapacitors: modeling and energy management." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 1 (2024): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp222-238.
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Standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most common and practical application in remote areas and communities far from the power grid. However, in the case of supplying a pulsating load with only a battery as a storage unit, their performance degraded. Therefore, hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems represent a viable solution. This paper investigates the impact of utilizing a supercapacitor (SC) to work cooperatively with a battery storage unit to enhance the overall system behavior. Two scenarios of battery storage systems with/without SC are considered. A comprehensive modeling and sizing approach is established and presented in detail. Then, an energy management system (EMS) is proposed to enhance the HEES system’s performance. A proportional-integral (PI)-based controller is designed and examined to control the power electronic converters and hence improve energy management. The HEES system operation is simulated and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink to feed a pulsating load, where the drawn pulsated load current is composed of two components: one component is supplied by battery, and the other component is fed from SC. Finally, the performance of the two hybrid configurations is evaluated in terms of battery voltage and current fluctuations, transient response, and load voltage and current ripples. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of introducing SCs into HEES system.
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Dou, Yinke, Guangyu Zuo, Xiaomin Chang, and Yan Chen. "A Study of a Standalone Renewable Energy System of the Chinese Zhongshan Station in Antarctica." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9101968.
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China has built four stations in Antarctica so far, and Zhongshan Station is the largest station among them. Continuous power supply for manned stations mainly relies on fuel. With the gradual increase in energy demand at the station and cost of fuel traffic from China to Zhongshan station in Antarctica, reducing fuel consumption and increasing green energy utilization are urgent problems. This research considers a standalone renewable energy system. The polar environments and renewable energy distribution of area of Zhongshan station are analyzed. The physical model, operation principle, and mathematical modeling of the proposed power system were designed. Low-temperature performance and state of charge (SOC) estimation method of the lead–acid battery were comprehensively tested and evaluated. A temperature control strategy was adopted to prevent the battery from low-temperature loss of the battery capacity. Energy management strategy of the power system was proposed by designing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategies for wind turbine and PV array. The whole power system is broadly composed of a power generator (wind turbine and PV array), an uploading circuit, a three-phase rectifier bridge, an interleaved Buck circuit, a DC/DC conversion circuit, a switch circuit, a power supply circuit, an amplifier, a driver circuit, a voltage and current monitoring, a load, battery units and a control system. A case study in Antarctica was applied and can examine the technical feasibility of the proposed system. The results of the case study reveal that the scheme of standalone renewable energy system can satisfy the power demands of Zhongshan Station in normal operation.
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Katongole, Ismail, Aliyu Nuhu Shuaibu, Subramanian Palanikumar, and Al-mas Sendegeya. "Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic- Grid Water Pumping System." KIU Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kjset-2023-2-1-13.
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This study examines the integration of grid and solar energy resources in remote water pumping systems to improve performance and reliability. The feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system is investigated to assess its technical and financial performance compared to standalone solar PV or grid systems. A unique aspect of this hybrid system is the utilization of a water storage tank instead of energy storage for solar PV conversion. The system comprises a PV array, inverter, AC motor, submersible pump, storage tank, grid supply, and control systems. The paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) to economically evaluate the power supply for pumping systems in community areas. The study focuses on two energy supply systems: solar photovoltaic systems and the grid network. A case study is conducted in the western region of Uganda, where the pumping systems are designed to provide water for residential, commercial, and small industrial usage. To evaluate the proposed solar PV system, Matlab/Simulink software is utilized for modeling, and simulations are performed to assess the system's performance and outcomes. Overall, this research aims to explore the benefits and drawbacks of integrating grid and solar resources in water pumping systems, with a particular emphasis on the economic viability and technical feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system.
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Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando, Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja, Daniel Gonzalez-Montoya, Gerardo Alcalá, and Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. "Energy Management in PV Based Microgrids Designed for the Universidad Nacional de Colombia." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031219.
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Stand-alone Electrical microgrids (MGs) require power management strategies to extend the life-time of their devices and to guarantee the global power balance of non-critical loads such as lighting of small sections of an university campus or individual air conditioning systems. This paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) for an isolated DC microgrid formed by a photovoltaic system (PVS), an energy storage system (battery), and a noncritical load. This configuration enables the photovoltaic system to control the power generation and ensures that the storage element does not exceed the safe limits of the state of charge. To control the generation of the photovoltaic system, two operating modes based on the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm are implemented. The first one performs a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) action, while the second one regulates the power generated by the PVS to match the load requirement (power demand tracking, PDT). The management strategy also considers different operating states for ensuring the battery safety: normal operation, overcharge (at the maximum state of charge), and bulk charge (at the minimum state of charge); in those states the disconnection/connection of both the battery and the load is also considered. The main contribution of this work is to design and test a control strategy for an EMS aimed at regulating a standalone microgrid based on a PV system and an energy storage device. This solution is validated using detailed MG circuital simulations, which includes the PV source model (single-diode model), lithium-ion battery model, constant power load model and the DC/DC converters equations; moreover, realistic power generation and demand from Universidad Nacional de Colombia, located at Medellín-Colombia, are considered. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the energy management strategy, and in this way, enable to extend the battery lifetime and reduce the costs associated to the maintenance and disconnection of the microgrid in educational buildings or other applications focused on this type of DC microgrid.
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Cho, Jae-Hoon, Jin-Il Park, Won-Pyo Hong, and Myung-Geun Chun. "A Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Direct MPPT Method for Stand-Alone PV Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 7 (2012): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0881.
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This paper presents a variable step size incrementalconductance direct Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method using fuzzy membership for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system under rapidly changing irradiation. MPPT techniques have been widely applied in PV systems to make a PV array generate maximum power, which depends on solar irradiation. In most applications of MPPT technologies, MPPT algorithm design methods are performed and tested under slowly changing atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature. The short-term effect under rapidly changing irradiation should be considered, however, to improve the dynamic performance of PV system. Our proposed MPPT method is based on an incremental conductance algorithm with a direct control scheme that can directly adjust the duty cycle for the PI controller. A fuzzy membership function is adopted to determine the variable step size according to rapidly changing irradiation. The proposed methods thus has not only faster dynamic performance but also high tracking accuracy. In order to show the effect of the proposed method, the simulation model and proposed MPPT is designed with MATLAB/Simpower and simulated with MATLAB/Stateflow.
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Pushpa, K. R., and R. S. Geetha. "Modelling and performance evaluation of PV controller in various reference frame." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 4 (2024): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i4.pp2155-2167.
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Many closed-loop automations of grid-connected and standalone inverters use controllers for various process control. The performance of the voltage source inverter (VSI) used in such applications depends on the characteristics of the controller. The gating pulses for the inverter are generated based on controller output and it affects the overall performance of the system. In this regard, the design and performance analysis of the controllers becomes an important integral part of any system under consideration. There are various methods available to design a controller. This paper discusses the design, modeling, and performance of a PI controller for single-phase VSI in stationary and rotating reference frames which helps in selecting a controller for the specific system configuration. The dynamic behavior of the controller with respect to the above reference frames and its effects on VSI output when subjected to load disturbance is evaluated. The controller design is carried out with two different current control strategies namely inductor current and capacitor current sensing. The stability of the system with the designed controller is analyzed and the results are compared.
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Pushpa, K. R., and R. S. Geetha. "Modelling and performance evaluation of PV controller in various reference frame." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 4 (2024): 2155–67. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i4.pp2155-2167.
Full textAbstract:
Many closed-loop automations of grid-connected and standalone inverters use controllers for various process control. The performance of the voltage source inverter (VSI) used in such applications depends on the characteristics of the controller. The gating pulses for the inverter are generated based on controller output and it affects the overall performance of the system. In this regard, the design and performance analysis of the controllers becomes an important integral part of any system under consideration. There are various methods available to design a controller. This paper discusses the design, modeling, and performance of a PI controller for single-phase VSI in stationary and rotating reference frames which helps in selecting a controller for the specific system configuration. The dynamic behavior of the controller with respect to the above reference frames and its effects on VSI output when subjected to load disturbance is evaluated. The controller design is carried out with two different current control strategies namely inductor current and capacitor current sensing. The stability of the system with the designed controller is analyzed and the results are compared.
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M., Nagaiah* Dr. K. Chandra Sekhar. "OPTIMAL OPERATION OF STANDALONE HYBRID SYSTEM CONTAINING SOLAR AND WIND GENERATING UNITS WITH THE HELP OF BOOST AND BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTERS OPERATED BY ANFIS CONTROLLERS." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 7, no. 6 (2020): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3895567.
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This paper proposes an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Controller based Boost Converter for obtaining optimal generation from renewable energy sources like Solar and Wind units connected to common DC Bus. And also proposes Bi-directional DC-DC Converter controlled by ANFIS controller Between DC Bus and Battery Storage System. The PV-Wind source is equipped with unidirectional boost converter whereas, the battery storage system is connected to the DC Bus system with a Bi-directional DC-DC converter. The main novelty of this research is the ANFIS based DC-DC Bi-directional Converter which charges and discharges into the DC bus based on the total generation and load demand. The ANFIS controller based optimal operation is provided in the PV and wind energy conversion system (WECS) to grasp the maximum available power for the different irradiance and wind velocity conditions. A 500 W PV system and a 500 W Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WECS is implemented for its simplicity and high efficiency. The proposed control topology is designed and tested using MATLAB/Simulink.
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Alturki, Fahd A., and Emad Mahrous Awwad. "Sizing and Cost Minimization of Standalone Hybrid WT/PV/Biomass/Pump-Hydro Storage-Based Energy Systems." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020489.
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In this study, a standalone hybrid wind turbine (WT)/photovoltaic (PV)/biomass/pump-hydro-storage energy system was designed and optimized based on technical, economic, and environmental parameters to provide the load demand with an objective function of minimum cost of energy (COE). The constraints of the proposed approach are the loss of power supply probability, and the excess energy fraction. The proposed approach allows the combination of different sources of energy to provide the best configuration of the hybrid system. Therefore, the proposed system was optimized and compared with a WT/PV/biomass/battery storage-based hybrid energy system. This study proposes three different optimization algorithms for sizing and minimizing the COE, including the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), firefly algorithm (FF) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the optimization procedure was executed using MATLAB software. The outcomes of these algorithms are contrasted to select the most effective, and the one providing the minimum COE is chosen based on statistical analysis. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid WT/PV/biomass/pump-hydro storage energy system is environmentally and economically practical. Meanwhile, the outcomes demonstrated the technical feasibility of a pump-hydro energy storage system in expanding the penetration of renewable energy sources compared to other existing systems. The COE of the pumped-hydro storage hybrid system was found to be lower (0.215 $/kWh) than that with batteries storage hybrid system (0.254 $/kWh) which was determined using WOA at the same load demand.
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Priyadarshi, Neeraj, Vigna Ramachandaramurthy, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Farooque Azam. "An Ant Colony Optimized MPPT for Standalone Hybrid PV-Wind Power System with Single Cuk Converter." Energies 12, no. 1 (2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010167.
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This research work explains the practical realization of hybrid solar wind-based standalone power system with maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to produce electrical power in rural places (residential applications). The wind inspired Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-based MPPT algorithm is employed for the purpose of fast and accurate tracking power from wind energy system. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) inverter controlling strategy is adopted in this presented work compared to classical proportional-integral (PI) control. Moreover, single Cuk converter is operated as impedance power adapter to execute MPPT functioning. Here, ACO-based MPPT has been implemented with no voltage and current extra circuit requirement compared to existing evolutionary algorithms single cuk converter is employed to improve conversion efficiency of converter by maximizing power stages. DC-link voltage can be regulated by placing Cuk converter Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) linked rectifier and inverter. The proposed MPPT method is responsible for rapid battery charging and gives power dispersion of battery for hybrid PV-Wind system. ACO-based MPPT provides seven times faster convergence compared to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for achievement of maximum power point (MPP) and tracking efficiency. Satisfactory practical results have been realized using the dSPACE (DS1104) platform that justify the superiority of proposed algorithms designed under various operating situations.
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Xu, Tanqi, Maojie Lei, Wenzhu Liu, et al. "Energy Balance in a Standalone PV Battery Hybrid Generation System on Solar-Powered Aircraft Using the Model Predictive Control Method." Energies 16, no. 17 (2023): 6185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176185.
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This paper proposes a battery state of charge (SOC)-based energy management strategy using hierarchical distributed model predictive control (HDMPC) for a standalone microgrid on solar-powered long-endurance aircraft. The microgrid was innovatively designed as a two-layer structure in which the first layer consists of a photovoltaic generation and battery storage system named the PV battery module (PBM). The second layer, named the microgrid subsystem (MGSS), consists of several PBMs, each of which supplies power to a specific DC load on the aircraft. The control system is divided into two levels: the grid-level model predictive control (MPC) and the converter-level MPC. The grid-level MPC adopts a distributed model predictive control strategy to obtain the reference power of each module. The converter-level MPC calculates the control variables of converters using a supervisory model predictive control (SMPC) strategy. The new microgrid structure and the proposed control strategy have improved the reliability of the energy system and increased its energy utilization rate.
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Thurai Raaj, Vellarivelli Balasubramani, Srinivasa Rao Gorantla, Dinesh Karunanidy, et al. "Dual Battery Storage Technique for Remote, Location-Based Solar PV System and Standalone Applications." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082748.
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Nowadays, the usage of renewable energy resources (RER) is growing rapidly, but at the same time, the effective utilization of RER is also a challenging task. For the better usage of RER and the reduction of loss, the dual battery storage is proposed. The main aim of this work is to focus on the design and implementation of a reliable and renewable power generating system under a robust situation, along with a battery storage system. The perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been applied to improve the solar photovoltaic power production. In addition, the dual battery storage system is being introduced to improve the life cycle of the primary storage system. The proposed dual storage system is highly preferable for remote, location-based application systems, space applications and military operations. In the dual battery storage system, the batteries are working effectively with a good lifespan, when compared with the existing methods. To determine the state of charge (SOC) and depth of discharge (DOC), those batteries’ input charging and discharging levels were monitored closely. MATLAB Simulink (R2013) is used for simulation; finally, a real-time, three-phase inverter was designed and validated. Under this dual battery storage mode, the life time of battery is improved.
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Subbaraman, Alagammal, Bhavani Ramachandran, and Muhaidheen Mohammed. "ANFIS MPPT with power management strategy to harvest reliable power from standalone PV systems to residential loads." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 01 (2023): 630~648. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp630-648.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, the matching between the growing energy demand and generation is becoming the challenging task to the researcher’s leads for the development of standalone solar photo voltaic (SSPV) power system. The SSPV system is more suited for electrification of essential loads uses DC power as it offers high efficiency. This work aims to model and simulate SSPV with lead acid battery is used as a DC source. The proposed series shunt charge controller with power management strategy (PMS)is designed and modeled to control the power flow among SSPV, battery and the load. adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller effectively regulates the output voltage by controlling duty ratio of the suitable converter for driving a DC load. A PMS is developed for selecting the operating mode of SSCC by sensing and regulating the battery voltage within 11.6-12.95 V. Here, the 250 Wp panel has been employed to charge a 12 V, 34 AH battery. The practicability of SSPVB system is verified under various loaded conditions using MATLAB/Simulink for a period of 24 hours. A simulation result proves that this SSPV Battery system is capable to electrify the essential loads in rural and isolated areas and also reduce the dependency of grid power.
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Ndukwe, Cherechi, M. Tariq Iqbal, Jahangir Khan, and Mohsin Jamil. "Analysis of LoRa Transmission Delay on Dynamic Performance of Standalone DC Microgrids." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2202022.
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One important aspect toward proper and stable functioning of a communication-based controlled microgrid is data transmission. Consequently, an analysis of the effect of data transmission delay is of significance for any chosen communication protocol. This paper focuses on the effect of employing LoRa for data transfer at the secondary control level of a standalone DC microgrid. It analyses the effect of LoRa transmission delay on the dynamic performance of DC microgrids. This paper simulates a community DC microgrid that operates in three modes: PV mode, battery mode and generator mode. This microgrid operates as a centralized communication-based controlled microgrid, with the secondary control level operating as an event-driven level. The system incorporates a hierarchical system where data is transferred between the various distributed energy resources (DERs) local controllers and the microgrid central controller (MGCC). Simulations for three scenarios are presented. In the first scenario, the microgrid is designed and simulated without a communication delay to observe the system behavior. Then LoRa transmission delay is calculated for the various signals transferred between the MGCC and the local controllers. This delay is introduced into the simulation as transport delays and the system exhibits a level of stability degradation. Subsequently, a time delay compensation system is incorporated into the system for more robust operation. The delay compensation is applied in two simulation scenarios. In the first scenario, the system inductor (L) and capacitor (C) components are re-calculated, and the system is re-simulated to get a stable system even with the applied communication delay. In the second scenario, the proportional integrator (PI) controller in the microgrid central controller is re-designed to a more robust form to compensate for the delay caused by the LoRa transmission. The results obtained from the two modified simulations realize a stable DC microgrid. This system modification allows for system stability again, similar to the simulation when the microgrid operated without any communication delay. This, therefore, demonstrates that with proper system design and implementation, low bandwidth communication systems such as LoRa can be effectively employed for data transfer in event-driven communication-based controlled DC microgrids.
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Yusubov, Elvin, and Lala Bekirova. "A STANDALONE DC MICROGRID ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY USING THE BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 13, no. 3 (2023): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5320.
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This article introduces an enhanced energy management strategy that employs the state of charge (SoC) of batteries in standalone DC microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) modules. Efficient energy management is crucial to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the load units in microgrids. To address the challenges posed by external factors such as temperature fluctuations and variations in solar irradiance, energy storage systems are deployed to compensate for the negative effects of the external factors on the output power of PV modules. The proposed approach takes into account various parameters of the microgrid elements, including the available power from the sources, demand power, and the SoC of batteries, in order to develop an efficient energy control mechanism with load-shedding capability. By considering these parameters, the strategy aims to optimize the utilization of available resources while ensuring a reliable power supply to the connected loads. The SoC of the batteries plays a critical role in determining optimal charging and discharging profiles, enabling effective energy management within the microgrid. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an algorithm is designed and simulations are conducted. The proposed algorithm utilizes a hybrid approach by combining power and SoC-based methods for efficient control. Through analysis of the simulation results, it is found that the presented approach is capable of delivering the intended load power while increasing the life cycle of the batteries with the pre-defined SoC levels.
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Alagammal, Subbaraman, Ramachandran Bhavani, Ramachandran Bhavani, Mohammed Muhaidheen, and Mohammed Muhaidheen. "ANFIS MPPT with power management strategy to harvest reliable power from standalone PV systems to residential loads." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 1 (2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp630-648.
Full textAbstract:
<span lang="EN-US">In recent decades, the matching between the growing energy demand and generation is becoming the challenging task to the researcher’s leads for the development of standalone solar photo voltaic (SSPV) power system. The SSPV system is more suited for electrification of essential loads uses DC power as it offers high efficiency. This work aims to model and simulate SSPV with lead acid battery is used as a DC source. The proposed series shunt charge controller with power management strategy (PMS)is designed and modeled to control the power flow among SSPV, battery and the load. adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller effectively regulates the output voltage by controlling duty ratio of the suitable converter for driving a DC load. A PMS is developed for selecting the operating mode of SSCC by sensing and regulating the battery voltage within 11.6-12.95 V. Here, the 250 Wp panel has been employed to charge a 12 V, 34 AH battery. The practicability of SSPVB system is verified under various loaded conditions using MATLAB/Simulink for a period of 24 hours. A simulation result proves that this SSPV Battery system is capable to electrify the essential loads in rural and isolated areas and also reduce the dependency of grid power.</span>
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Zorig, A., B. Babes, N. Hamouda, and S. Mouassa. "Improving the efficiency of a non-ideal grid coupled to a photovoltaic system with a shunt active power filter using a self-tuning filter and a predictive current controller." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 6 (October 18, 2024): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2024.6.05.
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Introduction. Recently, photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly favored for converting solar energy into electricity. PV power systems have successfully evolved from small, standalone installations to large-scale, grid-connected systems. When the nonlinear loads are connected to a grid-tied PV system, the power quality can deteriorate due to the active power supplied by the PV array, there’s a noticeable decline in the quality of power delivered to consumers. Its combination with the shunt active power filter (SAPF) enhances system efficiency. Consequently, this integrated system is adept at not only powering local loads but also at compensating for reactive power and filtering out harmonic currents from the main grid. The novelty of the work describes how an operation of a small scale PV system connected to the low voltage distribution system, and nonlinear load can be achieved, the investigation aims to analyze the system’s behavior and elucidate the advantages of employing various control algorithms. These proposed algorithms are designed to ensure a unity power factor for the utility grid while prioritizing high convergence speed and robustness against load power fluctuations across different levels of solar irradiation affecting the PV modules. The purpose of this work is to enhance the dynamic performance of the SAPF by cooperatively using a self-tuning filter (STF) based instantaneous active and reactive power method (PQ) with a novel predictive current control, enhance the system resilience, ensure optimal management of the total active power between the PV system, the electrical network and the non-linear load by integrating the functionalities of the SAPF under different levels of solar irradiation and maintain the DC-link capacitor voltage constant. Methods. A novel predictive current controller is designed to generate the switching signals piloted the three phase source voltage inverter, also a novel algorithm of instantaneous active and reactive power is developed, based on STF, to extract accurately the harmonic reference under non ideal grid voltage, also the perturb and observe algorithm is used to extract, under step change of solar irradiation, the maximum power point tracking of the PV module and the PI controller is used to maintain constant the DC-link capacitor voltage of the SAPF. Results. The efficacy of the proposed system is primarily centered on the grid side, and the performance evaluation of the control system is conducted using the STF based PQ algorithm and predictive current control. In addition, comprehensive testing encompasses all modes of operation, including scenarios involving distorted voltage sources, step changes in solar radiation, and variations in nonlinear loads. Results highlight superior performance in both transient and stable states, affirming the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Practical value. The total harmonic distortion value of the grid current for all tests respects the IEEE Standard 519-1992. References 21, tables 7, figures 25.
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Poovitha, K., Rajendran Jagatheesan, G. S. Naganathan, A. Mohamed Rajithkhan, and M. Paul Jeyaraj. "Automatic Power Supply for Residential Consumer Using Microgrid with Hybrid Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.334.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a Power Management System (PMS) designed to supply continuous power for residential using low voltage Microgrid. The Microgrid equipped with a hybrid power supply includes, battery storage system and three power supplies: a wind mill, photovoltaic (PV) emulator and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC). The connections of the energy resources to the common ac bus make use of power inverters with specific functionalities. The automatic power management system for the operation and control of the distributed energy resources connected to residential electric power installations, taking into account both the grid connected operating mode and the islanded operating mode. The PMS provides rapid response to support the critical load. It can also operate as a standalone system in case of grid failure like an incessant power supply. The operating behavior of the proposed automatic system is simulated by using MATLAB SIMULINK.
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Anjum, Muhammad Bilal, Qudrat Khan, Safeer Ullah, et al. "Maximum Power Extraction from a Standalone Photo Voltaic System via Neuro-Adaptive Arbitrary Order Sliding Mode Control Strategy with High Gain Differentiation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062773.
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In this work, a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with a non-inverting DC-DC buck-boost converter to extract maximum power under varying environmental conditions such as irradiance and temperature is considered. In order to extract maximum power (via maximum power transfer theorem), a robust nonlinear arbitrary order sliding mode-based control is designed for tracking the desired reference, which is generated via feed forward neural networks (FFNN). The proposed control law utilizes some states of the system, which are estimated via the use of a high gain differentiator and a famous flatness property of nonlinear systems. This synthetic control strategy is named neuro-adaptive arbitrary order sliding mode control (NAAOSMC). The overall closed-loop stability is discussed in detail and simulations are carried out in Simulink environment of MATLAB to endorse effectiveness of the developed synthetic control strategy. Finally, comparison of the developed controller with the backstepping controller is done, which ensures the performance in terms of maximum power extraction, steady-state error and more robustness against sudden variations in atmospheric conditions.
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Lopamudra, Mitra, and Kumar Rout Ullash. "Optimal control of a high gain DC- DC converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 256–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp256-266.
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Different types of power conditioning systems are mostly used with renewable energy systems. As the output of solar photovoltaic (PV) is low high voltage converters are required. These converters can be used for both standalone and grid tied systems. A high voltage gain DC-DC converter is proposed which can be used with photovoltaic modules to get high output voltage. This converter can provide a high voltage gain and a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used to maintain the high output voltage of the proposed converter coupled with solar photovoltaic module. The PID controller is first designed using classical Ziegler Nichol’s method (ZN) and optimal control of the converter is obtained by using different optimisation methods like particle swarm optimisation (PSO), bacteria foraging algorithm (BFA) and its comparison is presented in this paper.
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Ali, Gaeed Seger Al-Salloomee, Khosroabadi Saeed, and Abdulabbas Abdullah Albukariat Ali. "Study of power management of standalone DC microgrids with battery supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 114–21. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp114-121.
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In the last years, renewable energy (RE) is increasing widely in the energy sector, and microgrid technology is overgrowing. In this paper, stand-alone microgrid using solar photovoltaic (PV) energy as a source of renewable energy is simulated to provide power for direct current (DC) loads with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) which consists of battery and supercapacitor bank. The proposed microgrid system is tested under various cases of load and variable irradiance to confirm and validate the proposed management strategy to remain the DC bus voltage within a stable limit. The performance of DC microgrid is comparing with and without supercapacitor (SC) bank and notes a desirable decrease in the magnitude of transient voltage when using HESS. The sun power SPR-E19-320 standard was simulated to analyze system performance taking into account the constant load demand. Note that HESS helps reduce transient of DC voltage very effectively in all situations. Very large transients arise due to sudden changes in load demand is also compensated by HESS. The results obtained indicate that the stand-alone DC microgrid with HESS is very beneficial for reducing transient of DC-link voltage that occurs due to sudden change in load or fault. The proposed system is performed by MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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Bouchiba, Oumelkhier, Tahar Merizgui, Bachir Gaoui, Saliha Chettih, and Ali Cheknane. "Artistic feasibility research on a standalone hybrid solar/wind system based on IncCond algorithm under variable load demands-a case study: South Algeria." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4649. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4649-4658.
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<span lang="EN-US">The aim of this research study is to describe the hybrid renewable energy resources, the photovoltaic and the wind turbine are utilized to produce AC power for a Sahara Hassi R'Mel region in south of Algeria is optimally designed. Hybrid power generation systems are an operative solution for the variable generated power of renewable energy sources. In the new design, the ability circuit and the surveillance regulation of the presented grid-connected hybrid power system simulation is examined via MATLAB/Simulink. To detect the feasibility of the controlled system, this system is studied under various solar radiation and wind speed profiles. On the basis of the results, good tracking with a high accuracy rate is obtained after using filtering component by enhancing the different topology configurations in the expression of comparison voltage (V), and power (W). Overtime, the overall system efficiency is enhanced compared to the MPPT control system. The obtained simulation results for the incremental conductance PV/Wind MPPT controller have accomplished high effective system achievements. IncCond method is appropriate for working in vastly variable weather conditions with easy design, high tracking velocity, and minimum step count.</span>
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Oumelkhier, Bouchiba, Merizgui Tahar, Gaoui Bachir, Chettih Saliha, and Cheknane Ali. "Artistic feasibility research on a standalone hybrid solar/wind system based on IncCond algorithm under variable load demands-a case study: South Algeria." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4649–58. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4649-4658.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research study is to describe the hybrid renewable energy resources, the photovoltaic and the wind turbine are utilized to produce AC power for a Sahara Hassi R'Mel region in south of Algeria is optimally designed. Hybrid power generation systems are an operative solution for the variable generated power of renewable energy sources. In the new design, the ability circuit and the surveillance regulation of the presented grid-connected hybrid power system simulation is examined via MATLAB/Simulink. To detect the feasibility of the controlled system, this system is studied under various solar radiation and wind speed profiles. On the basis of the results, good tracking with a high accuracy rate is obtained after using filtering component by enha ncing the different topology configurations in the expression of comparison voltage (V), and power (W). Overtime, the overall system efficiency is enhanced compared to the MPPT control system. The obtained simulation results for the incremental conductance PV/Wind MPPT controller have accomplished high effective system achievements. IncCond method is appropriate for working in vastly variable weather conditions with easy design, high tracking velocity, and minimum step count.
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Ahmed, Tanvir, and Rafiqul Islam. "A CASE STUDY ON DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF A STANDALONE PV SYSTEM FOR A TWO STORIED RESIDENTIAL FLAT IN A TROPICAL REGION." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (2022): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.010.
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The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of different components of a standalone solar PV home system for a two storied residential flat in a tropical region. Based on the assumed connected load, daily energy requirement is calculated and then, a solar PV home system is designed to meet the energy requirement. An economic analysis for installing the designed PV system is also done to estimate the total cost for such standalone system.
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Khatib, Tamer, Azah Mohamed, K. Sopian, and M. Mahmoud. "A New Approach for Optimal Sizing of Standalone Photovoltaic Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/391213.
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This paper presents a new method for determining the optimal sizing of standalone photovoltaic (PV) system in terms of optimal sizing of PV array and battery storage. A standalone PV system energy flow is first analysed, and the MATLAB fitting tool is used to fit the resultant sizing curves in order to derive general formulas for optimal sizing of PV array and battery. In deriving the formulas for optimal sizing of PV array and battery, the data considered are based on five sites in Malaysia, which are Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bharu, Ipoh, Kuching, and Alor Setar. Based on the results of the designed example for a PV system installed in Kuala Lumpur, the proposed method gives satisfactory optimal sizing results.
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Miran, Sajjad, Muhammad Tamoor, Tayybah Kiren, Faakhar Raza, Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Optimization of Standalone Photovoltaic Drip Irrigation System: A Simulation Study." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148515.
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This paper presents the optimal design of a photovoltaic (PV) drip irrigation system. Designing a PV system is based on calculated motor power, solar irradiance level and other meteorological parameters at a certain geographical location. Therefore, a simulation study of the designed PV system were performed by a PVGIS simulation tool. The PVGIS simulation tool analyzes the potential of power generation with optimal PV modules tilt angle and orientation on a monthly and annual basis, and an analysis of the overall shading situation (horizon) as well as the internal shading between the PV module rows. The selection of water pump and motor depends upon the depth of water table and desired discharge and head to operate the irrigation system. Furthermore, a locally developed Solar-Drip Simulation Tool (SoSiT) was used for load and supply optimization. Based on ambient temperature, solar irradiation and water requirements, SoSiT calculates net generation by a PV system and resultant water output of the irrigation system. The particular drip irrigation site has two zones; the maximum water requirement for zone 1 (row crop) is 50,918.40 Liters/day and for zone 2 (orchards) is 56,908.80 L/day. From PVGIS simulation results, the maximum daily energy production of the designed PV system was 6.48 kWh and monthly energy production was 201 kWh in the month of May. SoSiT results showed that the PV system fulfilled the required crop requirement by only using 28% of the potential water supply, and 72% of the potential water supply from a solar-powered pump was not used. This value is high, and it is recommended to grow more or different crops to utilize the fuel-free electricity from the PV system. The unit cost of PV-powered drip irrigation is USD 0.1013/kWh, which is 4.74% and 66.26% lower than the cost of subsidized electricity and diesel, respectively.
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Yatimi, Hanane, and Elhassan Aroudam. "Standalone Photovoltaic System with Maximum Power Point Tracking." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 7, no. 3 (2018): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2018070105.
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In this article, on the basis of studying the mathematical model of a PV system, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique with variable weather conditions is proposed. The main objective is to make a full utilization of the output power of a PV solar cell operating at the maximum power point (MPP). To achieve this goal, the incremental conductance (IC) MPPT technique is applied to an off-grid PV system under varying climatic conditions, in particular, solar irradiance and temperature that are locally measured in Northern Morocco. The output power behavior and the performance of the system using this technique have been analyzed through computer simulations to illustrate the validity of the designed method under the effect of real working conditions.
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Masenge, Irene H., and Francis Mwasilu. "Modeling and Control of Solar PV with Battery Energy Storage for Rural Electrification." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 1 (2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v39i1.518.
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In rural areas where electric power grid network is rarely available, power generation from renewable energy resource such as solar photovoltaic (PV) is mostly accomplished in standalone mode. The standalone solar PV system requires energy storage device to achieve reliable power supply to the end users. This paper presents modelling and coordination control of solar PV with battery energy storage system (BESS) for rural-electrification applications. The proposed control is accomplished via a bidirectional buck-boost converter with the objective of maintaining voltage at the DC bus constant. Simulation results based-on MATLAB/Simulink platform confirms good performance of the proposed system.
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Ravikumar, N. V. A., M. Ramasekhara Reddy, and Vasupalli Manoj. "Novel Control of Wind-PV-Battery based Standalone Supply System with LSTM Controllers." E3S Web of Conferences 540 (2024): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454001010.
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Integrated Wind - Photovoltaic (PV) based standalone electric power supply systems are widely used in many areas for various applications. These systems require a battery storage system to ensure a continuous power supply to loads, regardless of fluctuations in loads, wind speed, and solar irradiance. To ensure a reliable and stable power supply to consumers, several changes need to be made in these hybrid systems. Power quality plays a crucial role in standalone power systems, especially in hybrid energy sources based standalone power supply systems. The battery needs to charge when there is surplus power generation and discharge when there is a demand from the loads. To achieve this, a bidirectional DC to DC converter is used to connect the battery to the network, with a proper controlling mechanism. Additionally, maximum power point tracking devices with appropriate algorithms are incorporated for PV and wind turbines to optimize their utilization in all weather conditions. This paper considers multiple PV systems and wind turbines, each with proper arrangements of series and parallel combinations of PV modules, to determine the appropriate rating for the power supply system. Long short term memory (LSTM) based artificial neural network (ANN) controllers are implemented for various control units in this hybrid standalone power system. These proposed control techniques significantly improve power quality under various situations. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are presented in this paper.
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Zailan, Roziah, Siti Nurzalikha Zaini, Muhammad Ikram Mohd Rashid, and A. A. Razak. "Techno-Economic Study for Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Coastal Residential Application in Pekan, Pahang." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 1 (2018): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v5i1.2826.
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Techno-economic study is needful to optimize the usage of renewable energy components that targeting low cost of electricity generation system. The selected case study area is coastal area in Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. The autonomous system designed in this study is hybrid standalone PV-wind-diesel energy system to fulfil a 20.1 kWh/day demand for a coastal housing. Such power system was designed and optimized further to meet the power demand at a minimum cost of energy using energy optimization software, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). The analysis was focused on the operational characteristics, economics and environmental. The standalone PV-wind-diesel energy system has total net present cost about $61, 911 with cost of energy $0.66/kWh. Apparently, the generation of electricity from both wind turbine and PV was inflated with the diesel generator system. From the payback period calculation, time taken to recover full capital invested through the installation of hybrid PV-wind-diesel is six years. Moreover, the installation of diesel generator should be optimizing in order to mitigate the environmental emissions