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Journal articles on the topic 'Designer drugs of abuse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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1

Barone, Joseph A., and Kenneth M. Shermock. "Designer Drugs of Abuse." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 10, no. 4 (1997): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009701000409.

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Designer drugs of abuse represent a major health risk to those who use them. The toxic effects of these agents are very dangerous when they are correctly identified, but they are especially dangerous because they are often misidentified by emergency room personnel. The three groups of designer drugs are the opiates, amphetamine derivatives and phencyclidine derivatives. Amphetamine derivatives such as MDMA and MDA can cause fatal sequelae including hyperthermia, hypertension, and seizures. No specific antidote exists for these agents. Therefore, their widespread use in certain areas is a major

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2

Staack, Roland F. "Piperazine designer drugs of abuse." Lancet 369, no. 9571 (2007): 1411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60646-1.

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Staack, Roland, and Hans Maurer. "Metabolism of Designer Drugs of Abuse." Current Drug Metabolism 6, no. 3 (2005): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200054021825.

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Phan, Stephanie V. "MHC Toolbox: Drugs of abuse." Mental Health Clinician 1, no. 3 (2011): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n81014.

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In the past year, several questions have been posed on the CPNP Email Discussion List regarding bath salts and spice. Designer drugs, such as bath salts or spice, are agents that have pharmacologic effects similar to controlled substances, but are not under legal control since they are chemically distinct from controlled substances.1 These drugs may be marketed as a “legal high”. The dilemma in controlling designer drugs based on their structural similarity stems from the fact that these designer drugs may also be structurally similar to approved medications for depression or anaphylaxis.1 Des

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Seely, K. A., P. L. Prather, L. P. James, and J. H. Moran. "Marijuana-based Drugs: Innovative Therapeutics or Designer Drugs of Abuse?" Molecular Interventions 11, no. 1 (2011): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mi.11.1.6.

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R. Meyer, Markus, and Hans H. Maurer. "Metabolism of Designer Drugs of Abuse: An Updated Review." Current Drug Metabolism 11, no. 5 (2010): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920010791526042.

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Dumitrescu, F. "Psychosis – Different presentation for designer drugs compared to cannabis abusers?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.446.

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Introduction“Bath salts” target the endocannabinoid system in a similar manner to cannabis. In the case of designer drug misuse, subjects seem to be at higher risk of psychotic symptoms.AimsTo investigate the nature and frequency of psychotic symptoms associated with cannabis and/or bath salts misuse in a male inpatient population.MethodThe files of 107 patients admitted to the department of addictions, “Al. Obregia” Psychiatric Hospital Bucharest July 2015–July 2016 were reviewed. Cases had a diagnosis of psychotic disorder with recorded cannabis/bath salts abuse.ResultsMean age was 26.65 yea

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Airuehia, Efosa, Laine Young Walker, and Jessica Nittler. "A Review of “Bath Salts”: Evolving Designer Drugs of Abuse." Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 24, no. 4 (2015): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2013.803942.

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de Boer, Douwe, and Ingrid Bosman. "A new trend in drugs-of-abuse; the 2C-series of phenethylamine designer drugs." Pharmacy World & Science 26, no. 2 (2004): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:phar.0000018600.03664.36.

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Zaman, Muhammad, Sobia Razzaq, Rabia Hassan, et al. "Drug abuse among the students." Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22200/pjpr.2015141-47.

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ABSTRACT:Drug abuse is the willful misuse of either licit or illicit drugs for the purpose of recreation, perceived necessity or convenience. Drug abuse is a more intense and often willful misuse of drugs often to the point of addiction. In the eastern world the incidence shows a decline or a static pattern but the number of drug addicts is still enormous.. The major drug of abuse are heroin and marijuana but designer drugs are shown to be on the increase. The aim of the study is to determine the ratio of the drug abuse in student. For this purpose we selected different institutions including

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Pourmand, A., P. Armstrong, M. Mazer-Amirshahi, and H. Shokoohi. "The evolving high." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 10 (2014): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113514100.

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Over the past decade, emerging drugs of abuse and synthetic derivatives of more traditional agents have flooded the market. While Europe was the first to experience a surge in the use of drugs such as synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids, poison centers throughout the United States have seen a dramatic rise in calls related to these new designer drugs of abuse. In the majority of cases, care is largely supportive but significant medical and traumatic complications may occur. Providers must be aware of the ever-changing trends in abuse, so that they may optimally care for poisoned patients.

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Nieddu, Maria, Lucia Burrai, Claudia Trignano, and Gianpiero Boatto. "Cross-reactivities of 39 new amphetamine designer drugs on three abuse drugs urinary screening tests." Forensic Toxicology 32, no. 1 (2013): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-013-0198-1.

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Pawłowska, Beata, and Jolanta Szymańska. "Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts and the use of psychoactive substances by adolescents." Current Problems of Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2021-0016.

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Abstract Introduction: Suicidal behavior and substance abuse constitute a serious public health problem. Aim: The study was to analyze the relationships between suicidal behaviors (ideation, plans, attempts) and substance abuse in adolescents. The authors also took into account the respondents’ motivation to attempt suicide and use psychoactive substances, as well as some demographic variables. Participants: The study involved 3493 secondary school students aged 16-17 years. The group included 69.41% girls and 30.59% boys. Methods: The participants were surveyed with a self-report questionnair

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Johnson, Tonya L., Lois M. Jessen, and Joseph A. Barone. "Trends in Emergency Department Overdose Cases." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 10, no. 4 (1997): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009701000403.

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Though drug overdose episodes represent only 0.5% of total emergency department visits, there have been increased numbers and changes in specific agents of abuse. When treating ED patients, factors such as multi-drug abuse, age and gender of patients, and changes in purity of street drugs must be considered. Medication misuse and abuse by the elderly require particular attention in light of the increasing geriatric population. Health care practitioners must also be aware of geographic trends in drug abuse and designer drug manufacture. The most frequent substances involved in human exposures a

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Lorenzo Ferreira, R. A., A. M. Ares Fuentes, M. Regenjo Vázquez, A. M. Carro Díaz, A. M. Fernández Sobrino, and P. Férnandez Gómez. "Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) optimization for determination of designer drugs (cathinones) and drugs abuse in oral fluid." Toxicology Letters 258 (September 2016): S183—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1678.

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Kovács, Katalin, Anita Réka Tóth, and Éva Margit Kereszty. "A new designer drug: Methylone related death." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 7 (2012): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29310.

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This report presents a fatal case related to the consumption of methylone, a relatively new cathinone type designer drug. A 16-year-old boy suddenly lost his consciousness in a party. Resuscitation had been continued for about 1.5 hours at the intensive care unit, but it was unsuccessful. His previous history included cardiac malformation detected at infancy and bronchial asthma had been diagnosed one year before his death. Signs of sudden cardiac death were observed during autopsy. Methylone intake was proved in blood and liver extract using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; its concentra

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Aweh, Opani, Oniyide Alabi Bello, and Jason Omemu. "A framework for tracking the distribution of increasingly abused pharmaceutical medications." ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2022.0201.01-j.

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The purpose of this study is to identify a system for tracking the distribution of increasingly abused prescription drugs. The problems identified in the study was the increase of prescribed drugs falling into the category of drugs that are frequently abused and this was as a result of improper systems in place designed to track such drugs alongside normal drug distribution networks. The theories of drug abuse highlight the propensity for the increased rate of drug abuse amongst individuals and why it has become imperative that a system that will track such drugs be developed and must be dynam

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Darie, Iulia-Florentina, Mirela Praisler, and Catalin Negoita. "2C-x and DOx hallucinogens: a systematic review." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 44, no. 1 (2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2021.1.07.

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The drug market has seen a significant global expansion in the last decades. The synthetic designer drugs belonging to the class of amphetamines and derived phenylethylamines have experienced the greatest spread in the drug market for abuse. As phenylethylamines are organic compounds that stimulate the central nervous system of humans, many are abused as recreational drugs. A large array of substituted amphetamines can be easily synthetized by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in the structure of phenylethylamine. Among these, the most dangerous for human health are those analogues or homol

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de Boer, Douwe, Ingrid J. Bosman, Elöd Hidvégi, et al. "Piperazine-like compounds: a new group of designer drugs-of-abuse on the European market." Forensic Science International 121, no. 1-2 (2001): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00452-2.

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Pérez González, S., M. De Dios Felis, E. Monteagudo Gimeno, et al. "New designer benzodiazepines use in Barcelona." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1758.

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IntroductionNew designer benzodiazepines such as phenazepam, etizolam, diclazepam, clonazolam and flubromazolam have appeared in the recreational drug market due to that they provide an attractive alternative to prescription-only benzodiazepines as they are readily available over the Internet.ObjectiveTo describe the presence of new designer benzodiazepines in samples delivered to energy control since 2010 to 2016 in Barcelona.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 24,551 samples were delivered to energy control. Among this samples 43 (0.175%) were analysed as benzodiazepines. They were analyzed by energy

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Welz, Anna, Marcin Koba, Piotr Kośliński, and Joanna Siódmiak. "Rapid Targeted Method of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 24 (2021): 5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245813.

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Piperazine derivatives belong to the popular psychostimulating compounds from the group of designer drugs. They are an alternative to illegal drugs such as ecstasy and amphetamines. They are being searched by consumers for recreational use due to their stimulating and hallucinogenic effects. Many NPS-related poisonings and deaths have been reported where piperazines have been found. However, a major problem is the potential lack of laboratory confirmation of the involvement of piperazine derivatives in the occurrence of poisoning. Although many methods have been published, piperazine derivativ

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Mørland, Jørg. "Toxicity of drug abuse — amphetamine designer drugs (ecstasy): mental effects and consequences of single dose use." Toxicology Letters 112-113 (March 2000): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00217-9.

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Mohammad, Haneen Talal, and Thamer Abduljabbar Omar. "Abuse Deterrent Dosage Forms: Approaches, Advantages and Limitations." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 7, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i2.1277.

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Background: Abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) are dosage forms designed to prevent or discourage the misuse of prescription drugs, particularly opioids. They achieve this aim by either minimizing the benefit of tampering with the dosage form or making it challenging to change this dosage form. Therefore, one of the priorities for public health is to develop dosage forms that have abuse-deterrent formulations. The escalation in the prescription of opioids has led to a surge in their abuse or misuse, resulting in a high mortality rate. Objectives: This review article explores drug abuse method

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Jalali, Rakesh, Paula Dmochowska, Izabela Godlewska, et al. "Designers Drugs—A New Challenge to Emergency Departments—An Observational Study in Poland." Medicina 56, no. 7 (2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070354.

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Background and Objective: In the last decade, the phenomenon of using new psychoactive substances (NPS), called designer drugs, has been on rise. Though their production and marketing in Poland is prohibited, reports of the Supreme Audit Office noted that young people are increasingly reaching for new intoxication agents in the form of designer drugs. There is a significant increase in the number of patients with NPS abuse admitted to the emergency departments. As NPS cannot be detected by standard tests for the presence of psychoactive substances, it is difficult to choose the appropriate the

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Schwartz, Richard H., and John P. Morgan. "POINT-COUNTERPOINT." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 3 (1993): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.3.101.

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In the September 1992 issue of Pediatrics in Review in which the article on drugs of abuse (amphetamine and methamphetamine) appeared, Dr John Morgan failed to mention MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymetham-phetamine), a substituted methamphetamine designer drug with hallucinogenic properties, known by its popular name "ecstasy" on XTC. MDMA is used with some frequency by college students (2.3% of college students took the drug in 1990). It is a prevalent drug of abuse in the United Kingdom, where it is ingested by teenagers and young adults who attend popular dance halls known as "The Rave." It is al

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Sunshine, I. "Preliminary tests for drugs of abuse." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 2 (1988): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.2.324.

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Abstract A drug-testing program must be designed by the client in consultation with the laboratory. The test procedures selected for the analytes in question depend on the defined "cutoff" concentrations, equipment available, and turnaround time. Preliminary tests are needed to separate the large number of negatives from presumptive positives, which then have to be confirmed. Immunoassays done with random-access analyzers are the procedures of choice. In clinical situations, thin-layer chromatographic procedures may be favored. The attributes and liabilities of the various procedures are prese

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Paul, Michael, Josef Ippisch, Christian Herrmann, Susanne Guber, and Wolfgang Schultis. "Analysis of new designer drugs and common drugs of abuse in urine by a combined targeted and untargeted LC-HR-QTOFMS approach." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406, no. 18 (2014): 4425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7825-5.

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Dearden, John C. "Prediction of Human Lethality of Psychoactive Drugs From Rodent LD50 Values." International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships 4, no. 2 (2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijqspr.2019040101.

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The number of deaths from the abuse of psychoactive drugs is increasing year after year, and new designer psychoactive drugs of unknown toxicity frequently appear on the streets. Human lethal drug doses generally do not correlate well with animal LD50 values. In order to investigate whether that holds for psychoactive drugs, human lethal dose values and rat and mouse LD50 values for several routes of administration for eighteen such drugs were collected from the literature. Quantitative toxicity-toxicity relationship (QTTR) regression correlations of human and rodent lethal doses were poor for

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Namera, Akira, Kyohei Konuma, Takeshi Saito та ін. "Simple segmental hair analysis for α-pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drugs by MonoSpin extraction for evaluation of abuse history". Journal of Chromatography B 942-943 (грудень 2013): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.021.

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Ion, Adelina, Mirela Praisler, and Steluta Gosav. "Molecular descriptors – an useful tool for assessing the physico-chemical properties of hallucinogenic drugs of abuse." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 44, no. 1 (2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2021.1.04.

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Molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences, being defined as a way to transform molecules into a set of numbers, allowing the mathematical assessment of the chemical information characterizing a molecule. This study presents the usefulness of molecular descriptors for the determination of physico-chemical properties of a series of new hallucinogenic amphetamines. Molecular descriptors of these compounds was performed with the Dragon 5.5 software. The chemometric processing of the information allowed the determination of structural correlations (simil

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Striebel, Joan M., Emily E. Nelson, and Raj K. Kalapatapu. "“Being with a Buddha”: A Case Report of Methoxetamine Use in a United States Veteran with PTSD." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2319094.

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Methoxetamine (MXE) is a ketamine analogue with a high affinity for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. MXE is a newly emerging designer drug of abuse and is widely available through on-line sources and is not detected by routine urine drug screens. In this report, we describe a United States (US) veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and heavy polysubstance use, who injected high dose MXE for its calming effect. Given MXE’s structural similarities to ketamine and recent work showing that ketamine reduces PTSD symptoms, we hypothesize that MXE alleviated this veteran’s PTSD s

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Skaugen, John M., Anthony Scoccimarro, Anthony F. Pizon, et al. "Novel ketamine analogues cause a false positive phencyclidine immunoassay." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 5 (2019): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563219858125.

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Background Immunoassays are commonly used to test for drugs of abuse in patients in a variety of settings. The increasing prevalence of ‘designer’ drugs causes difficulties for the toxicology laboratory and may result in unexpected false positives and identification of unfamiliar compounds. Within the past decade, there have been a variety of ketamine and phencyclidine analogues identified, particularly as drugs of abuse. Method We present a case of intoxication with a novel ketamine analogue, deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine, causing a false positive phencyclidine immunoassay. Additionally, we perf

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Preve, M., N. E. Suardi, M. Godio, R. Traber, and R. A. Colombo. "Paramethoxymethamphetamine (Mitsubishi turbo) abuse: Case report and literature review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1762.

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IntroductionParamethoxymethamphetamine and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMMA and PMA) are two so-called designer amphetamines, which appear from time to time on the illegal narcotics market in many countries. They are frequently sold as ecstasy or amphetamine, often mixed with amphetamine or methamphetamine [1, 2]. Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a hallucinogenic synthetic substituted amphetamine with capable of development of dependence [3]. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse of paramethoxyamphetamine. We propouse a case report and literature r

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Kumarapeli, Chandani Priyadarshika. "Identification of Cathine in Unknown White Crystalline Substance in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000367.

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The drug abuse in Sri Lanka is continuously grown fast and variety of new narcotic drugs comes to the market day by day. Cathine {(1S,2S)-2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol} is a monoamine alkaloid found naturally in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). It is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which act as a stimulant. The drug responsible for the CNS stimulating effect and it can be isolated from fresh khat leaves. Synthetic Cathinones and Cathine referred to as designer Drugs, Party drugs or club drugs. Cathine was detected recently in the Narcotic Laboratory of Go

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Виноградова, Наталья, Natal'ya Vinogradova, Константин Львов, Konstantin L'vov, Марина Харитонова, and Marina Haritonova. "Prevalence and clinical features of drug-related osteonecroses of the jaws." Actual problems in dentistry 13, no. 4 (2017): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2017-13-4-38-42.

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Subject of study. Bisphosphonate - related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication, which may arise in patients, receiving BP therapy and also in patients taking designer drugs (desomorphine, methamphetamine). Urgency of the study is caused by broad bisphosphonate administration in patients with the proved bone metastasises, myelomatosis, Paget disease. Use of red phosphorus at clandestine production of desomorphine and methamphetamine in patients with drug abuse. Atypical forms of osteomyelitis develop at these two categories of people. Purpose - to study the prevalence and

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Arroyo, A. "Substance Use among Adolescents in Spain: A Brief Report." Journal of Addiction Medicine and Therapeutic Science 3, no. 1 (2017): 007–10. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3484.000019.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> The consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs is a worldwide public health problem of great social impact when it affects adolescents. <strong>Aims:</strong> Evaluate the data published by offi cial statements in Spain regarding the consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse in adolescents. <strong>Methods:</strong> the data published in Spain by STUDES (Survey on Drug Use among Secondary School Students) have been consulted. The survey is done periodically every two years. The prevalence of these consumptions as well as trends and evolution over time are shown. Th

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Brunetti, Pietro, Raffaele Giorgetti, Adriano Tagliabracci, Marilyn Huestis, and Francesco Busardò. "Designer Benzodiazepines: A Review of Toxicology and Public Health Risks." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (2021): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060560.

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The rising use of designer benzodiazepines (DBZD) is a cat-and-mouse game between organized crime and law enforcement. Non-prohibited benzodiazepines are introduced onto the global drug market and scheduled as rapidly as possible by international authorities. In response, DBZD are continuously modified to avoid legal sanctions and drug seizures and generally to increase the abuse potential of the DBZD. This results in an unpredictable fluctuation between the appearance and disappearance of DBZD in the illicit market. Thirty-one DBZD were considered for review after consulting the international

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Moraru, Monica, Carmen Lidia Chitescu, Aurel Nechita, Luana Andreea Macovei, and Iuliu Fulga. "LC-High-resolution MS Analysis of the Designer Drugs Methylenedioxy-Pyrovalerone (MDPV) and Methylenedioxy-alpha- pyrolidinobutyrophenone (MDPBP) and Their Main Metabolites in Human Urine." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (2018): 2916–020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6653.

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In the present work, LC- Q ExactiveOrbitrap high resolution MS techique in both full-scan MS and targeted MS/MS modes was applied to identify psychoactive substances in human urine samples. Methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV), methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidino-butyrophenone(MDPBP) and the main metabolites of both compounds were identified. The preliminary full-scan screening was folowed by targeted ion fragmentation (t-MS2) enabling confirmatory analysis and mass spectral characterization. The presented case is the first confirmation of MDPBP abuse in Romania supported by the toxicological ident

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Saefudin, Yusuf, and Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi. "Mencegah Second Victimization Melalui Asesmen Terpadu bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Banyumas." Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 3 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i3.12029.

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Cases of drugs abuse and illicit trafficking continue to rise along with the increasing number of addicts and abusers of narcotics. Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse are often in a dilemma between the perpetrator or victim. Assessment integrated can clarify their position. The problems studied in this research is about how the concept of assessment integrated into the case of criminal acts of narcotics and how the mechanism of placement of victims of abuse of narcotics into institutions of rehabilitation. This research is a juridical-sociological, designed using survey method, observation

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Saefudin, Yusuf, and Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi. "Mencegah Second Victimization Melalui Asesmen Terpadu bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Banyumas." Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 3 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i3.12029.

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Cases of drugs abuse and illicit trafficking continue to rise along with the increasing number of addicts and abusers of narcotics. Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse are often in a dilemma between the perpetrator or victim. Assessment integrated can clarify their position. The problems studied in this research is about how the concept of assessment integrated into the case of criminal acts of narcotics and how the mechanism of placement of victims of abuse of narcotics into institutions of rehabilitation. This research is a juridical-sociological, designed using survey method, observation

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Aulia Rahma Sari. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana bagi Pembuat Drug Design dalam Perspektif Hukum Narkotika." Jurist-Diction 8, no. 1 (2025): 51–76. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v8i1.59724.

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The proliferation of technology has fueled the rise of drug abuse, giving rise to new modus operandi such as "Drug Design," where novel chemical compounds are synthesized to mimic the effects of illicit drugs without falling under existing drug laws. These "designer drugs," like PCC Pills," have caused severe mental health issues, fatalities, and pose a significant challenge to law enforcement due to their rapid molecular modifications. To address this emerging legal issue, this paper employs a normative legal research methodology to analyze the associated legal implications. Drug Design, stem

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Aldubayyan, Abdulaziz A., Erika Castrignanò, Simon Elliott, and Vincenzo Abbate. "A Quantitative LC–MS/MS Method for the Detection of 16 Synthetic Cathinones and 10 Metabolites and Its Application to Suspicious Clinical and Forensic Urine Samples." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050510.

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Background: Synthetic cathinones currently represent one of the most predominant (sub)-classes of new psychoactive substance (NPS) in illicit drug markets. Despite the increased concerns caused by the constant introduction of new analogues, these drugs are not commonly assayed in routine drug testing procedures and may not be detected in standard screening procedures. This study presents a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of 16 synthetic cathinones and 10 metabolites in human urine. Methods: The method was validated

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Rapaka, Rao S., Vishnudutt Purohit, Paul Schnur, and Joni Rutter. "Emerging trends in the abuse of designer drugs and their catastrophic health effects: Update on chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and addiction potential." Life Sciences 97, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.074.

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Katoch, Madhur, Nitima, and Raj Pathania. "A Cross Sectional Study into Drug Abuse among Youth and Its Association with Socio-demographic and Risk Factors in District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 4 (2023): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i41889.

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Aim: Substance abuse has a detrimental impact on an individual, families and communities posing major public health challenges. Therefore, the present study has been designed to study the level of prevalence of drug abuse among youth and its association with socio demographic and various risk factors. Methodology: The present research was conducted among 500 students in the age range of 12-25 years. The study was conducted in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, India. Out of total 15 blocks from Kangra, five blocks were randomly selected. From these selected blocks five schools and five

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Coppola, M., and R. Mondola. "Synthetic cathinones: Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as “bath salts” or “plant food”." Toxicology Letters 211, no. 2 (2012): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.009.

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Kalapos, Miklós Péter. "3,4-methylene-dioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) epidemic?" Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 50 (2011): 2010–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29259.

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Little is known about 3,4-methylene-dioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV), a new designer drug that has become popular in Hungary in the last couple of months. At the same time, its consumption as a consequence of its low street-price rises so fast that the event can be considered as an epidemic. This paper reviews the chemistry, biochemistry and metabolism of MDPV, then, on the basis of few international reports and clinical observations of the author of his own, discusses MDPV intoxication and withdrawal. In the metabolism of MDPV, the most important catalyst is the CYP2C19 isoenzyme, but the CYP1A2 and

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Protocol for Accuracy of Point of Care (POC) or In-Office Urine Drug Testing (Immunoassay) in Chronic Pain Patients: A Prospective Analysis of Immunoassay and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectometry (LC/MS/MS)." Pain Physician 1;13, no. 1;1 (2010): E1—E22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2010/13/e1.

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Background: Therapeutic use, overuse, abuse, and diversion of controlled substances in managing chronic non-cancer pain continues to be an issue for physicians and patients. It has been stated that physicians, along with the public and federal, state, and local government; professional associations; and pharmaceutical companies all share responsibility for preventing abuse of controlled prescription drugs. The challenge is to eliminate or significantly curtail abuse of controlled prescription drugs while still assuring the proper treatment of those patients. A number of techniques, instruments

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Lawan, Mujtaba, and Rebecca Shehu Gabou. "Effect of Solution Focus Therapy on Drugs Abuse Tendency among Addicts of Ndlea Rehabilitation Center, Kano Command, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VII (2024): 1920–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.807151.

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The study assessed the effect of solution focus therapy on drugs abuse tendency among addicts in NDLEA Rehabilitation Center, Kano Command, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to find out effect of Solution Focused Counselling Technique (SFCT) treatment on psychosocial dimensions, Cognitive dimensions and psychological risk dimensions of drugs addicts in NDLEA Rehabilitation Center, Kano Command. Based on these objectives three correspondents research questions and null hypotheses were formulated as there is no significant effect of Solution Focused Counselling Technique (SFCT) on psychos

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Foltin, R. W. "The Importance of Drug Self-Administration Studies in the Analysis of Abuse Liability: An Analysis of Caffeine, Nicotine, Anabolic Steroids, and Designer Drugs." American Journal on Addictions 1, no. 2 (1992): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10550499209004015.

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Gameli, Prince Sellase, Johannes Kutzler, Diletta Berardinelli, Jeremy Carlier, Volker Auwärter, and Francesco Paolo Busardò. "Exploring the Metabolism of Flubrotizolam, a Potent Thieno-Triazolo Diazepine, Using Human Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 14, no. 9 (2024): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14090506.

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Background: The abuse of psychoactive substances presents challenges in clinical and forensic toxicology. The emergence of novel and potent drugs that pose significant health risks, in particular towards frequent abusers and users unaware of the ingredients, further complicates the situation. Designer benzodiazepines have become a fast-growing subgroup of these new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and their overdose may potentially turn fatal, especially when combined with other central nervous system depressants. In 2021, flubrotizolam, a potent thieno-triazolo designer benzodiazepine, emerged

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