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Gobert, Janice D. "The interpretation of architectural plans by expert and sub-expert architects /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55603.
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Bradley, Hugh D. "Aggregate process planning and manufacturing assessment for concurrent engineering." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4719/.
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The introduction of concurrent engineering has led to a need to perform product development tasks with reduced information detail. Decisions taken during the early design stages will have the greatest influence on the cost of manufacture. The manufacturing requirements for alternative design options should therefore be considered at this time. Existing tools for product manufacture assessment are either too detailed, requiring the results of detailed design information, or too abstract, unable to consider small changes in design configuration. There is a need for an intermediate level of assessment which will make use of additional design detail where available, whilst allowing assessment of early designs. This thesis develops the concept of aggregate process planning as a methodology for supporting concurrent engineering. A methodology for performing aggregate process planning of early product designs is presented. Process and resources alternatives are identified for each feature of the component and production plans are generated from these options. Alternative production plans are assessed in terms of cost, quality and production time. A computer based system (CESS, Concurrent Engineering Support System) has been developed to implement the proposed methodology. The system employs object oriented modelling techniques to represent designs, manufacturing resources and process planning knowledge. A product model suitable for the representation of component designs at varying levels of detail is presented. An aggregate process planning functionality has been developed to allow the generation of sets of alternative plans for a component in a given factory. Manufacturing cost is calculated from the cost of processing, set-ups, transport, material and quality. Processing times are calculated using process specific methods which are based on standard cutting data. Process quality cost is estimated from a statistical analysis of historical SPC data stored for similar operations performed in the factory, where available. The aggregate process planning functionality has been tested with example component designs drawn from industry.
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Lau, King-hong, and 柳景康. "Urban gallery for design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983972.
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Sutton, Jane V. "Between the ocean and the bay." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53388.
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"Between the Ocean and the Bay" is about a design process enabling the designer to see and know through three different graphic methods. The thesis concentrates both on the design of a specific structure, and on the ability to develop a design through two and three dimensional graphic manipulations. The three design methods are sketching, three-dimensional modeling, and computer drawing. All three have their unique qualities and all are effective.
The Sketching method evolved through observing, seeing and drawing architecture in western Europe. The intimate visual process formulated a greater sense and comprehension of architecture. The on site drawing experience initiated this particular design expression. Furthermore the fragments of architecture recorded in these visual sketches became a vocabulary for all future designs.
There are two kinds of three dimensional models. The first is for displaying a building or a project as an object in three dimensions. The second is a sketch, which is a fragment of a whole building or an idea. Fragmentary modeling provides a simple method of combining three dimensional elements enabling one to scrutinize them as they become part of a whole composition. This method of modeling allows the observer to see the spatial relationships between each element and the form as a whole. Modeling is a tactile experience. This physical involvement brings to the design a tangible relationship that develops scale and proportion. Fragment modeling was used in the development of the house between the ocean and the bay.
Computer drawing produces two dimensional drafted plans or wire frame models that are viewed from infinite angles and then reproduced. Computer drafting lacks immediate tactile involvement of the other two methods of design discussed here. The results can appear to be flat and not dynamic. However, the computer provides discipline; by forcing one to make decisions on a design, it organizes abstract visual thoughts. There was a point in the designing of the house when turning to the computer to explore order was essential.
The house between the ocean and the bay developed by employing the three different yet complementary design tools. Sketching was the strongest tool to explore a design problem through quick immediate production. Modeling forced the realization in space of the strengths and weaknesses of a design. The computer drawings in this project helped control the final shape of the house simply by forcing decisions and creating order. Each of these methods is productive by itself and together as they meld and feed on each other to create the product.Master of Architecture
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Kormer, Peter. "Faceproject.ion." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845984.
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The basis of F.A.CE project.lon was the competition for an future Academy within the spirit of the former Bauhaus Dessau. The competition provided the opportunity to introduce my thoughts for an educational establishment in art, architecture and design. The Essence of F.A.CE project.Ion was to extend the myth of the former Bauhaus utopians. Several artists were active either together or in succession and made valueable contributions to the Bauhaus through their own work. Their names and faces are form together the multifaced image that refers silently as a memory to a former Bauhaus idea. The Identity of the Bauhaus seemed to live as much in the hidden cracks on the facades of a celebrated architecture as in the portraits of the former Bauhaus faces. Through juxtaposing the faces with the Bauhaus Idea I created an dialogue that moved toward a 'corporate identity - Mies v. d. Rohe' and found its ownF.A.CE - F.uture A.rts CE.ntre .Finally, F.A.CE project.Ion led toward a specific spirit ofplastic elements embodying facial aswell as spatial forces with an important contribution to a visual re-education.Department of Architecture
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Abelsen, Vernon Michael. "Existing in contrast." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53279.
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In the act of building, man places himself between earth and sky. Where a wall is raised, a place becomes divided. Architecture occurs. One wall in one place begins to define three physical realities. The form and matter of a wall exist as one thing. Each side of the wall exists separately and face opposing parts. The wall is a barrier, yet acts as an architectural element that joins the two sides.Master of Architecture
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Chaath, Alaaeddin. "Improving the Design of Wind Turbine Plants : Future Design of Wind Turbine Plants." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energivetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31084.
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Applying the new ideas developed by the present study on the current design of WTP can lead to satisfactory results and give flexibility in terms of producing more electrical power during periods of low/medium wind velocity. The innovative ideas and methods included in the present work reveal the features of the future renewable energy designs that could, in the few coming years, revolutionize the field of wind turbine designs worldwide. Also, increase the capacity factor significantly, since the application of these ideas in areas where wind class II and III blows have proven to be very effective. Especially, when compares the result of new ideas with the current wind turbine designs. Testing the innovative ideas regarding the future wind turbines on a current WTP achieved a good results in increasing electric energy production over the year. For example applies the new ideas on a WTP model Enercon (E-101) will achieve an annual increase around 20% of electric power generation (wind class II, Cp = 36), i.e. when wind speed is ranging from 0-10 m/s (Level C – option 02) the production improved at the highest value, reaching up to +46%. Also, in Level B the generation of electricity witnessed an increase up to 10% when the wind velocity being always between level C with a minimum of 10 meters per second and Level A (Level A is the maximum output value, which is changing from one turbine type to the other).
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Eve, Chrisopher. "Interactions between neighbouring plants." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57685/.
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This thesis addresses the issue of interactions between neighbouring plants by looking at theory and models used in the study of wild plants with a view to applying them in the design of agroforests. In Part I difficulties of designing mixed crop stands are considered. Grime's model of the ecological strategies pursued by wild plants is described and its potential usefulness pointed out. Experimental results are presented suggesting that stress tolerant trees may interfere less with an understorey component than do competitive trees through the different patterns of spatial occupation manifested by their roots. Part II describes a statistical method to determine how any measurable attribute of one plant depends on the proximity and/or other characters of neighbouring plants. The method overcomes the need for unfeasibly large numbers of treatments encountered by conventional field trial methods. The method has the potential to offer a firm basis for the design of optimized plant production systems; and will also allow ecologists to detect and quantify interactions between wild plants in the field. Part III, using concepts of Evolutionary Game Theory, examines the question of cooperation in plants: both between the green plant and its associated vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi; and between neighbouring green plants connected by common VAM fungal hyphae. Exploring the implications for plants of Axelrod and Hamilton's (1981) Game Theoretic approach to the evolution of cooperative behaviour, it examines a logical problem in the view that the relationship between a green plant and associated VAM fungus is mutually beneficial. That the association is of mutual benefit would be insufficient to explain its persistence, and the fact that it does persist tells us something about its structure. It is shown that no logical paradox exists in postulating the simultaneous existence of competition for resources and of resource-sharing cooperation between a given pair of neighbouring green plants; and that at least a certain minimal type of cooperation may be deemed to exist between connected plant neighbours. Putting together findings from two fields - direct nutrient transfers and biotic specialisation - solves problems for both, and provides evidence for inter-plant cooperation. Possible evolutionary stages through which cooperation could have passed are discussed. Given this theory it can no longer safely be assumed that plants do not cooperate, and experimental results are presented suggesting that they may be able to. Scientific and economic implications are indicated for all three areas covered. Fertile ground exists for further research and suggestions are made for directions and methods.
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Sugiyama, Takemi. "Two times two." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52124.
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Oakley, Glenn W. "Fragment to foundation: photographic observation and tonal drawing as a point of beginning for architectural design." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53380.
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The medium of photography provides a first vehicle for the study of architectural and visual form. Through its employment, initially in a spontaneous and instinctive manner but with increasing understanding and awareness over time, a groundwork is laid for visual design in other media.
Continuous tone pencil drawing becomes the means to realizing the lessons learned through these photographic exercises. Through this instrument, subsequent studies reveal the need for architectural design to evolve as discoveries of place rooted in a visual seed anchor point and evaluated by the same visual judgment developed in the earlier photographic work. Beginning with fragmentary images, the range of inquiry in the drawings broadens over time to encompass ever larger concerns in the design of architectural places.
Reaching fruition in the design of a small retreat house, this process of study initially undertaken in photographic observation, following by drawn fragments and finally entire places, represents a paradigmatic approach to developing a working method of architectural design. The discovery of this design approach through the execution of the thesis itself constitutes the underlying theme.Master of Architecture
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Leung, Herman, and 梁漢銘. "Rehabilitation centre for the disabled." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982499.
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Huang, Zhaoheng. "Landscape plants in architectural design." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845986.
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This creative project has explored the design methods to integrate landscape planting materials and architectural elements. A demonstrative architectural design is proposed to apply these research methods. This report comprises two major sections: one is the description of landscape materials and their characteristics; the other is an architectural design to demonstrate the usage of these landscape materials. The first section of this report has emphasized on an inventory of landscape materials with the descriptions of their individual functions and characteristics in architectural design as well as the samples of those landscape elements in spatial organization. About 40 most popular plant materials were collected and their growing patterns and spatial geometries were integrated in various building typology. The case study has demonstrated the practical application of those landscape materials. The cultural and aesthetic values of plant materials were evaluated according to the cultural and historical background of selected prominent landscape designs. In the second section, a creative architectural design was developed based on a proposed Tree Museum located in Muncie, Indiana. The objective of this design was to apply the design principals developed in previous research, and to demonstrate how the landscape materials could be properly integrated with architectural design. As a trial approach, the tree museum has presented a unique perspective of architectural design in which the organizations of both building structures and plant elements are highly implemented.Department of Architecture
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Lineberry, Susan. "Urban oasis : housing for a neo-industrial village." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23196.
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Barcala, Edward C. "The galleria as a role model for the design of successful interior space." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23447.
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Middlecoff, Whit. "Urban oasis : civic space in a neo-industrial village." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23315.
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Saeed, Auday Esmail. "Integrated design of chemical plants with energy conservation (the design of an energy efficient styrene plant)." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1990. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/integrated-design-of-chemical-plants-with-energy-conservation-the-design-of-an-energy-efficient-styrene-plant(27fb4dfc-5ed8-40ff-a747-c302c43415da).html.
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Energy consumption is one of the main areas in the study of chemical process design. It is usually referred to as the critical element that is continuously needed for running a chemical process, and is daily effected by the prices of energy. Therefore, poor designs which are not energy integrated normally lead to less profit due to high consumption of energy. These simple economics are the reason for tackling the area of energy integration in process design. A styrene production process is taken to be the model process for carrying out the design work incorporating the various energy integration techniques. A thorough review of the published work in this subject area was the first step in this research work. This has been followed by calculating mass and energy balances around the overall plant and the individual process steps, so that information about flowrates and energy consumed and released was obtained for the base case. After this all the possible distillation sequence configurations were tested in order to find the sequence that required least energy compared with all the other possible sequences. This step is the first part of integrating the distillation train. The second part considered the heat exchanger network associated with the distillation train and this has been taken in the context of overall process integration. "Pinch technology" was used as an aid for targeting the minimum hot and cold utilities required, designing the heat exchanger network that was compatible with the minimum use of utility and to seek further improvements on the process heat exchanger network which made it capable of recovering even more energy. Utility supplies are designed with respect to the process design, hence the next step considered the interaction between the utility and process design. Thus, the utilities were introduced in a more efficient way, resulting in a better heat exchanger network and increasing the interprocess heat exchange. Finally the steam and power system in the styrene plant was tested in order to determine how much this system had benefited due to the overall efficiency of energy supply and demand.
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Ware, Charles W. "Comparing two post occupancy evaluation methods with an urban plaza test case." Thesis, This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040251/.
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劉美鳳 and Mei-fung Catherine Lau. "[Intra]tecture: Kai Tak station." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3198583X.
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Armstrong, Jeffrey Kent. "The homeowner as designer : a method for improving architect-clinet communication." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61677.
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Cermak, Otto Wayne 1935. "Aesthetic design using arid climate plants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191984.
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A series of 35mm color slides depicting landscape compositions incorporating arid climate plants was evaluated by a panel of experts to determine a correlation between the strength of four design principles (line, form, texture, and color) and the visual preference of the general public for these compositions. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between preference and the strength of the design principles. It is felt that the results of this study support the idea that the four design principles do in fact influence preference in plantings that do well in arid climate environment.
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Talebizadehsardari, Mansour. "Probabilistic design of wastewater treatment plants." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26196.
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Dans cette étude, une méthode de conception probabiliste pour la conception d'usines de traitement des eaux usées (STEP) qui permet la quantification du degré de conformité aux normes de rejet en termes de probabilité a été proposée. La méthode de conception développée est une approche basée sur un modèle dans lequel les sources pertinentes d'incertitude sont exprimées en termes de fonctions de distribution de probabilité et leur effet combiné sur la distribution de la qualité de l'effluent sont quantifiés par simulation Monte Carlo. Pour ce faire, une série de conceptions en régime permanent avec différents niveaux de sécurité ont été générés en utilisant des règles de conception et la probabilité correspondante de non-conformité aux normes de rejet ont été calculés en utilisant des simulations dynamiques avec différentes réalisations de séries temporelles d'affluent et différentes valeurs pour les paramètres du modèle de station d'épuration. Pour générer différentes réalisations de séries temporelles d'affluent, un logiciel a été développé pour la génération de séries temporelles d'affluent tenant compte des conditions climatiques locales ainsi que les caractéristiques de base des réseaux d'égout connectés. En outre, différentes réalisations des paramètres du modèle de STEP ont été générés par l'échantillonnage des fonctions de distribution de probabilité et l'effet combiné de la variabilité de l'affluent et l'incertitude du modèle sur la distribution de la qualité des effluents a été calculé en exécutant un certain nombre de simulations Monte Carlo jusqu'à ce que la convergence de la distribution de la qualité des effluents a été atteinte. Une fois la convergence atteinte, la probabilité de non-respect d'une alternative de conception peut être calculée pour un certain niveau de qualité de l'effluent. La méthode de conception probabiliste peut aider les concepteurs à éviter l'application de facteurs de sécurité conservateurs qui pourraient entraîner un dimensionnement trop petit ou trop grand de stations d'épuration. En outre, le calcul de la probabilité de non-conformité comme un critère quantitatif peut aider les concepteurs et les décideurs à prendre une décision informée des risques en vue de la meilleure configuration de traitement, son dimensionnement, ainsi que le fonctionnement de l'usine pour la conception ou la mise à niveau des stations d'épuration. Mots-clés: usine de traitement des eaux usées, de conception dans l'incertitude, de la conception en fonction du risque, analyse de l'incertitude, probabilité de non-conformité.In this study, a probabilistic design method for the design of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that enables the quantification of the degree of compliance to the effluent standards in terms of probability has been proposed. The developed design method is a model-based approach in which relevant sources of uncertainty are expressed in terms of probability distribution functions and their combined effect on the distribution of the effluent quality is quantified by Monte Carlo simulation. To do so, a set of steady-state designs with different levels of safety is first generated using a design guideline and then the corresponding probability of non-compliance (PONC) to the effluent standards is calculated using dynamic simulations under different realizations of influent time series and different values for the WWTP model parameters. To generate different realizations of the influent time series, a software tool was developed for synthetic generation of influent time series data considering the local climate conditions as well as basic characteristics of the connected sewershed. Moreover, different realizations of WWTP model parameters are generated by sampling from the probability distribution functions that are assigned to uncertain model parameters. The combined effect of influent variability and model uncertainty on the effluent distributions is calculated by running a certain number of Monte Carlo simulation runs until convergence of the effluent distribution is achieved. Once convergence is reached for the effluent distribution, the PONC for a design alternative can be calculated for a certain effluent standard. The probabilistic design method can help designers avoid the application of conservative safety factors that could result in over-or under-sizing of WWTPs. Moreover, calculating the probability of non-compliance as a quantitative criterion can help designers and decision makers make risk-informed decisions on the best treatment configuration, sizing, and plant operation during the design or upgrading of WWTPs. Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, design under uncertainty, risk-informed design, uncertainty analysis, probability of non-compliance.
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Clarke, Joshua. "Optimal design of geothermal power plants." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3472.
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The optimal design of geothermal power plants across the entire spectrum of meaningful geothermal brine temperatures and climates is investigated, while accounting for vital real-world constraints that are typically ignored in the existing literature. The constrained design space of both double-flash and binary geothermal power plants is visualized, and it is seen that inclusion of real-world constraints is vital to determining the optimal feasible design of a geothermal power plant. The effect of varying condenser temperature on optimum plant performance and optimal design specifications is analyzed. It is shown that condenser temperature has a significant effect on optimal plant design as well. The optimum specific work output and corresponding optimal design of geothermal power plants across the entire range of brine temperatures and condenser temperatures is illustrated and tabulated, allowing a scientifically sound assessment of both feasibility and appropriate plant design under any set of conditions. The performance of genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization are compared with respect to the constrained, non-linear, simulation-based optimization of a prototypical geothermal power plant, and particle swarm optimization is shown to perform significantly better than genetic algorithms. The Pareto-optimal front of specific work output and specific heat exchanger area is visualized and tabulated for binary and double-flash plants across the full range of potential geothermal brine inlet conditions and climates, allowing investigation of the specific trade-offs required between specific work output and specific heat exchanger area. In addition to the novel data, this dissertation research illustrates the development and use of a sophisticated analysis tool, based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization, for the optimal design of geothermal power plants.
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Robinson, Matthew. "Development of planar technology for focal planes of future radio to sub-millimetre astronomical instruments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-planar-technology-for-focal-planes-of-future-radio-to-submillimetre-astronomical-instruments(dd2876aa-ff1a-4ae7-903f-a8228f3fc85f).html.
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Receiver systems utilising planar technologies are prevalent in telescopes observing at radio to sub-millimetre wavelengths. Receiver components using planar technologies are generally smaller, have reduced mass and are cheaper to manufacture than waveguide-based alternatives. Given that modern-day detectors are capable of reaching the fundamental photon noise limit, increases in the sensitivity of telescopes are frequently attained by increasing the total number of detectors in the receivers. The development of components utilising planar technologies facilitates the demand for large numbers of detectors, whilst minimising the size, mass and manufacturing cost of the receiver. After a review and study of existing concepts in radio to sub-mm telescopes and their receivers, this thesis develops planar components that couple the radiation from the telescope's optics onto the focal plane. Two components are developed; a W- band (75-110 GHz) planar antenna-coupled flat mesh lens designed for the receiver of a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) B-mode experiment, and an L-band (1- 2 GHz) horn-coupled planar orthomode transducer designed for the receiver of the FAST telescope. The first developments of a planar antenna-coupled flat mesh lens are presented. The design is driven by the requirement to mitigate beam systematics to prevent pollution of the CMB B-mode signal. In the first instance, a waveguide-coupled mesh lens is characterised. The radiation patterns of the waveguide-coupled mesh lens have -3 dB beam widths between 26 and 19 degrees, beam ellipticity <10%, and cross-polarisation.
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Moreira, Daniel de Carvalho 1971. "Os principios da sintese da forma e a analise de projetos arquitetonicos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258191.
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Orientador: Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz KowaltowskiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_DanieldeCarvalho_D.pdf: 14343433 bytes, checksum: 46db7faddf6c104c35436278c724cb3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: No início da década de 1960, o projeto arquitetônico foi influenciado por aplicações científicas que permitiram lidar com uma grande quantidade de informação na solução de problemas complexos. A partir dos princípios da filosofia da ciência, da teoria dos sistemas e da pesquisa operacional, diversos projetistas desenvolveram métodos de análise, síntese e avaliação para auxiliar os procedimentos de projeto. Entre os trabalhos apresentados neste período, destaca-se o livro "Notes on the synthesis of form" do matemático e arquiteto Christopher Alexander. Nessa obra, Alexander apresentou os princípios que orientam o projeto arquitetônico, e uma estrutura para gerir problemas complexos: o programa arquitetônico. Desde então, diversas técnicas de programa arquitetônico vêm sendo definidas e baseadas nos mesmos princípios. A partir dos princípios da síntese da forma e seus conceitos de forma, contexto, conjunto e ajuste, são definidas com maior precisão e objetividade as informações disposps no processo de projeto. Já o programa arquitetônico oferece o arcabouço que permite organizar as informações. Os três estudos de caso apresentados neste trabalho aproximam os conceitos da síntese da forma e do programa arquitetônico aos problemas práticos de projeto. A partir de entrevistas com arquitetos sobre projetos de residências unifamiliares, foram organizadas as informações levantadas segundo diferentes técnicas de programa: o procedim~nto descrito por Alexander, o método Problem Seeking e os valores de projeto definidos por Hershberger. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma base de dados que permite reunir as informações sobre os projetos e organizá-Ias através das estruturas dos -programas arquitetônicos escolhidos. Também, foi desenvolvido um aplicativo computacional que reproduz a decomposição de sistemas (HIDEC~j, descrita por Alexander em seus primeiros trabalhos, e aplicado na análise dos estudos de caso. Mais de quarenta anos depois de sua primeira aplicação, o programa HIDECS foi reconstituído através de linguagens de computação atuais e está novamente disponível para uso em projetos. Os resultados desta tese permitiram verificar como cada estrutura colabora com a análise do projeto arquitetônico e identificar as origens das soluções em cada estudo de caso. A partir das análises individuais, os projetos foram compreendidos de novas maneiras. Em conjunto, os métodos de análise ressaltaram a importância do pensamento objetivo e da prática construtiva no processo de projeto
Abstract: ln the first years of the 1960's, architectural design was influenced by scientific applications, dealing with a large amount of information to achieve solutions of complex problems. lmpacted by the Philosophy of Science, Systems Theory and Operational Research, many designers and engineers developed analysis, synthesis and evaluation methods to support the design processo At the same time, Christopher Alexander' s book "Notes on the synthesis of form" had a special interest and influence in the design methods movement. ln his work, Alexander presented principles to guide architectural design and a conceptual framework to organize the variables of complex problems, called "program". Since the publication of the "Notes on the synthesis of form" many architectural programming methods have been developed under these principles. Along with the principles of the synthesis of form and the definitions of form, context, ensemble and fitness, the design process information is more precisely defined. Architectural programming presents the conceptual framework to organize this information. The present research applied the synthesis of form concepts and architectural programming methods to the analysis of three case studies with the goal of adopting a practical mean to the architectural design process. The information about the case studies was obtained by interviewing the principal architects, who described the development of their residential project. All the interview information was organized according to three different architectural programming frameworks: the program described by Alexander, the Problem Seeking Method and the Contemporary Values of Architecture enumerated by Hershberger. To assist this research a database was developed to store the three case study information and organize this according to the three selected architectural programming frameworks. A computer tool to reproduce Alexander' s Decomposition of Systems (HIDECS) was developed and used for the case study analyses. The HIDECS computer program was reconstituted within a contemporary computer programming language, more than forty years after its first use, and is available for architectural design development now. The results of this research pointed out the rich design issues of the three case studies and each architectural programming framework identified the origins of design solutions adopted. As a set, the analysis methods showed the importance of objective reasoning and demonstrated the essential influence of construction knowledge on a productive design process
Doutorado
Edificações
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Sun, Hsin-Min. "Planar nearrings and block designs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187088.
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It has been known that circles (or rays) can be defined in finite planar nearrings, as well as their relationship with two main topics of block designs: BIBD (balanced incomplete block design) and PBIBD (partially balanced incomplete block design). In this dissertation we explore the possibilities of defining (line) segments and lines in some finite planar nearrings, as well as their relationship with block designs. It turns out that there are more general methods for the constructions of block designs.
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Nip, Kam-cheong, and 聶錦昌. "Fashion Design Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983625.
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Howson, Jamie Sam. "The wall, transitions, and the inbetween." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53102.
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THE WALL IS: the side of a room or building, between the floor, foundation, and the ceiling, root, a structure of stone, brick, or other material, built up to enclose, divide, support, or protect.¹
The wall is a barrier; separating and containing spaces, defining public and private relationships, dividing natural and cultured environments. The wall is both visual image and physical realization.
TRANSITIONS ARE: a change or passing from one condition, place, activity, topic to another (a time between distinct periods.)²
Transition implies movement. Movement in terms of time and relationships. Movement from one point to another; gradual or direct, vertical or horizontal, slow or fast. Transitions define and clarity the issue and the structure.
THE INBETWEEN IS: that which is in the middle, that which comes in the space of time separating two places or persons. That is neither one kind nor the other, indifferent or uncommitted; a person or thing inbetween.³
The inbetween as public domain or private realm. An implied wall which separates and contains objects, defines public and private relationships, dividing natural and cultured environments. The inbetween as both implied wall and defined space.Master of Architecture
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Amjadian, Sanna. "My friend is always with me : The emotional connection between human and plants." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31151.
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The vision of this project is to change peoples life style by improving their daily connection with plants. The goal of this project is to design a physical product that makes a strong everyday connection between human being and nature. A piece of nature is going to be carried in this product. The user study will be designed as an online questionnaire for different group of society and observation in the lab and in an ordinary room. Primary modles were made by acrylic and cartoon and tested by users in tow different stages. Participants were collected among different age, gender, with and without disabilities. Both plant lovers and non-plant lovers participated in this user study.
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Giovanniello, Joseph. "The realization of architecture through structure and light." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24064.
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Law, Philip John. "Design and scheduling of batch chemical plants /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13342.
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Yamane, Hideaki. "Design of tracking systems incorporating multivariable plants." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44220/.
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The methodology for the design of error-actuated digital set-point tracking controllers proposed by Porter and co-workers has emerged as a result of the pursuit of effective and practical solutions to the problem of designing digital control systems for unknown, dynamically complex multivariable plants with measurable outputs. In this thesis, such digital set-point tracking controllers and the resulting digital set-point tracking systems are enriched to embrace plants with unmeasurable outputs and plants with more outputs than manipulated inputs. In the study of the latter plants, the novel concepts of limit tracking (i.e. the tracking exhibited by plants with more outputs than inputs) is introduced and an associated methodology for the design of self-selecting controllers is proposed. Such controllers involve the selection of different set-point tracking controllers to control the most critical subset of plant outputs based upon the developed rigorous theoretical foundations for the limit-tracking systems. In such foundations, the classification of linear multivariable plants into Class I and Class II plants based upon their steady-state transfer function matrices facilitates the assessment of the feasibility of limit-tracking systems. Furthermore, the associated order-reduction technique simplifies the problem of deciding the minimum numbers of different subsets of plant outputs to be controlled by corresponding set-point tracking controllers. In addition, the dynamical properties of limit-tracking systems are also investigated using the phase-plane method and a methodology for the design of supervisory self-selecting controllers is proposed so as to prevent the occurrence of dynamical peculiarities such as limit-cycle oscillations which might happen in limit-tracking systems. The effectiveness of all the proposed methodologies and techniques is illustrated by examples, and the robustness properties of set-point tracking systems and limit-tracking systems in the face of plant variations and unknown disturbances are tested. Finally, self-selecting controllers are designed for a nonlinear gas-turbine engine and their practical effectiveness is clearly demonstrated.
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Goodfellow, Martin J. "A participatory design framework : incorporating public views into the design of nuclear power plants." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-participatory-design-framework-incorporating-public-views-into-the-design-of-nuclear-power-plants(6476e4d9-7949-4777-842b-4f07d74e8f5d).html.
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This thesis presents a participatory systems design framework for the design of a nuclear power plant. The work begins with a review of the so-called ‘nuclear renaissance’, the risks posed by nuclear power as calculated by experts, how the lay-person perceives such risks and how participatory approaches have been used to reduce opposition to new developments in other industries. The review identifies two key questions; firstly, can the public be engaged on the topic of aspects of nuclear plant design and provide meaningful responses? Secondly, can these responses be integrated into the design process of a nuclear power plant in a meaningful and practicable way? A representative sample of UK citizens (n=1304) were asked 10 questions on their underlying view of nuclear power and then 12 questions covering different aspects of nuclear design in a questionnaire. This data provides a first understanding of what the UK public might desire from the design of a nuclear power plant. Statistical analysis using asymmetric Somer’s D suggests that whilst design preferences relating to nuclear fuel and waste are driven to some extent by underlying views, design preferences relating to reactor design are not. Further research is required to explore and validate this finding. A new framework for the design of a nuclear plant is documented. A modified Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is used to combine sets of requirements from different stakeholders and produce a system level specification of a nuclear power plant. The modified method allows requirements from different stakeholders to be individually weighted, resulting in a graphical output showing how different stakeholders have influenced the design specifications. An example set of stakeholders requirements, including those gathered from the UK public as described above, are developed in a case study that demonstrates how the framework can be used to develop plant designs. An analysis of how this work might impact both Rolls-Royce and the broader nuclear industry is presented and themes relating to lean manufacturing and the combination of standardised modules into customised systems (Standardised Customisation) is proposed. Finally, an overview of opportunities for future research is presented.
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Bower, James S. "A bridge to dwell in." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53165.
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This thesis is an attempt to express certain realities pertaining to Architecture: The realities of Man and his need for an aesthetic dwelling rich in sensory characteristics; the realities of the building's materials and their behavior; and the realities of the Earth with its changing forces. With an awareness and sensitivity to these existing realities, real Architecture can result as a celebration of all three.Master of Architecture
34
Sigurgisladȯttir, Hjördis. "A search, a house." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53100.
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Cruze, D. C. "Notes on the foundations of architecture." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53254.
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Ryan, Michael F. "A place of refuge." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53272.
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As members of a collective whole, each of us, as a necessary event, must interact with others for our livelihood as well as the prosperity of society as a whole.
However, just as we are part of a collective whole, we are also solitary individuals. As such, we need places which do not express community values, but rather, affirm our own identity and offer security and separation from the public realm.
This thesis explores the historical precedents and generative principles for achieving refuge by varying the architectural character of spaces along a processional path to generate a subtle progression from the public to private domains. Following this, a design for a residence is presented which explores the potentials of the principles discovered.Master of Architecture
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Pitt, Sharon P. "Movement, material and order." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53298.
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l seek to investigate space, material and harmonious order. A building should celebrate the continuity of space in three dimensions. Walls should not confine space, but expand perceptible limits. Architectural space should be active. A building should be an integration of material and order. Materials define the unit order from which the building develops. Materials should be handled naturally and correctly. Nothing in a building should be superficial. Ornament should grow from the natural pattern of construction and structure.
To dwell in a house is the experience of passage in familiar surroundings. A house must emphasize not only place, but spatiality. Space outside should not be shut out, but become a part of the space within the house. The spaces of this house overlap and intersect inside and outside the walls. This continuity of space brings dynamic forces into the life of the individual.Master of Architecture
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Lipchak, W. Paul. "A dialogue: a steel mill, a method, an expression." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53329.
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Architecture is an act of making.
A student of architecture must respond to the findings in the practice of architecture, the making.
Theories are only signified through and after the making of a work of architecture. These theories develop from discussions among others and within oneself of ideas and objects in the artistic framework
Finding the similarities and differences within objects and ideas begins the · dialogue. A reduction takes place. Ideas and objects are catalogued to ideas already structured in the architect’s mind from previous perceptions. This is not to say that the perceptions are brought down to similar experiences, but to ideas and things that have their own structure within the one world. Things and ideas no longer hold in our experiential context, they are reduced to perceptions that are not sensed in the initial apprehension of the phenomena; Perceptions that the architect understands through the making of objects.
Something that was not revealed initially is unconcealed giving the architect a sense of being in the world.Master of Architecture
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Weiler, T. G. "Five houses." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53310.
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School is a forum for continuous exploration, critique and innovation. This forum enables a student to develop a framework of operation.
Five houses are presented, each with shared concerns. These concerns are subjective and based on a critical awareness of site, history and form.
The houses are drawn in plan, section and elevation. The drawings are an attempt to convey the quality of the space. The drawings exist somewhere between the idea drawing and the construction drawing, but by no means are they a realization of the built space. The work thus confronts reality and yet hides from it.
The plans will never pretend to replace the work itself. They cannot be read in themselves. They are not a synthesis of anything and are no relation, then to drawn architecture. What is shown can only act as guides, navigational charts that lead to the precise act that is the work. Then the architecture comes into being.
Edward BruMaster of Architecture
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Krause, Joanne. "A house, a vineyard." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52086.
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Robinson, Hayden Allan. "Project for a house along a road." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52104.
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The existential significance of buildings is considered with the aim of discovering an ahistorical paradigm for architecture based on the assumption of an ultimate or primary reality which is innate and unchanging. Particular attention is paid to the cosmogonic functioning of buildings through their role as places. Two aspects of the concept of place are considered: that of an inhabited realm which is set apart within undifferentiated space; and, that of an axis mundi about which a habitable world may become ordered.
A vocabulary of architectural elements consisting of a chimney, plynth, wall, and roof is then used to pursue these ideas within a design project.Master of Architecture
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Cochran, Henry McCormick. "First house." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52062.
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Hiltz, A. (Angela). "Images of an alleged house." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53129.
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Martin, Shelley F. "From process to criteria." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53140.
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This house is not in Ticino. It is somewhere between earth and sky, in the country, or in the city, passing the suburbs altogether at a speed of 45 mph. This house does not have a television set, hence the dweller never sees the architect portrayed in deodorant commercials, soap operas, nor shoe advertisements.Master of Architecture
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Sutton, Frederick T. "Three houses: a search for the meaning of place." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53358.
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An architecture of experience is one that asks the dweller to participate in the making of the place. The building does not tell a story, but instead presents fragments that become a foundation for the dweller's interpretation. The fragments complement that which is already existing in Nature and in the human consciousness in order to provide the framework for a richer architecture. The participant's experience is not unlike that of recalling a dream; the pieces manifest themselves one by one, each one clearly defined, but the whole is elusive. In the end it is the participant who completes the whole.Master of Architecture
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Zimmerman, Richard Adam. "The making of a small house." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53364.
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Architecture is an expression of existence; it is the realization of a sense of place, a manifestation of a way-of-being in the world through built elements.
"I want to see things. I want to see, therefore I draw. I can see an image only if I draw it."
- Carlo Scarpa
Carlo Scarpa expressed that he wanted to see, therefore he would draw, and draw incessantly. In that spirit, this thesis has been a search for what is authentic in my own work, based in a discovery through making.
The way of making indicates a way of seeing a world; the drawings and the way of drawing directly impact my thoughts. The drawings tend to be fragmentary, indicative of an architecture of parts.
The focus is on "the way to be" of the individual, and the way that individual is to the whole.
These relationships inform a sense of order and direct the parts towards a greater whole.
Those issues are explored in the making of a small house; it is one step toward a greater understanding.Master of Architecture
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Bond, Easom J. "House of many rooms." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53367.
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This thesis participates in the architectural construct of INSIDE and OUTSIDE. By means of a house with many rooms, the extremes of an inner, personal architecture contrast the extremes of an outer, public architecture.
Each room is an inner architecture of closure and definition. While an outer architecture of openness and expanse surrounds them.
One room is a bathroom of concentric cylinders. Another is a rectangular box with an upstairs bed, while another is a large cube with a smaller cube for a bed. Each room presents an inner architecture of almost crystalline purity. And each closes themself off from the others.
Despite their particularity, these rooms gather, while black and white steel panels unite and define the outer architecture of house, barely. A ring of stairways angles across the steel matrix on its way to a rooftop patio, allowing the surrounding forest to creep in. The outer architecture of house begins to dissolve into the forest, leaving only the inner architecture of room in tact. Only the closed, inner architecture, so personal that we do not share, resists the diffusion. Only the inner architecture of identity maintains its integrity. Only an inner architecture can contrast the outer architecture.
The lines drawn between an inner and outer architecture parallels those between public / private and individual / community. This thesis project draws the line between room and house, choosing to allow house to dissolve into the outer architecture of the surrounding forest while room assumes the role of an inner architecture. One conclusion of this thesis is that house deserves closure as well.
Architecture is responsible for both the inner and outer extremes of the inhabited world. The inner architecture demands closure and definition. The outer architecture demands openness and expanse.Master of Architecture
48
Roseman, Risa J. "House." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56199.
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thesis, architecture, study of architecture. learning, growing, seeing, building. vehicle - house. framework. what makes it architecture - reality? the house shelters day. dreaming, the house protects the dreamer, the house allows one to dream in peace. house is home, a place to learn, to teach, about world, life, connection, and separation. individuals within a community. the link of bonding into one of a community of individuals. to know the two paths must cross and eventually end in union.Master of Architecture
49
Hui, Man-wa, and 許敏華. "Characterizations and embedding of unitary block designs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206337.
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A (finite) projective plane of order m, m an integer greater than 1, is a 2- (m^2 + m + 1, m + 1, 1) design. A unital (or a unitary block design) U of order n, n an integer greater than 2, is a 2-(n^3 + 1, n + 1, 1) design. An embedded unital is one that is a subdesign of a projective plane. If a unital of order n is embedded in a projective planeπ, then the order of π is at least n^2. A unital of order n embedded in a projective planeπ of order n^2 is called a polar unital if it consists of the absolute points and non-absolute lines of a unitary polarity of π. In particular, if π is the classical (Desarguesian) plane PG(2, q^2) coordinatized by the finite field Fq^2, then the polar unital is called a classical unital.
The main problem in the study of unitals is their characterization and classification. The classical unital does not contain a configuration of four lines meeting in six points (an O'Nan configuration) [O'Nan, 1972]. It is conjectured that this property characterizes the classical unital [Piper, 1979]. The classical unital is characterized by three conditions (I), (II) and (III): (I) is the absence of O'Nan configurations; (II) and (III) are further configurational requirements [Wilbrink, 1983]. The result depends on the classification of finite doubly transitive groups. Furthermore, when the order of a unital is even, (III) is a necessary condition of (I) and (II) [Wilbrink, 1983]. As for group theoretic characterizations, the only unitals that admit doubly transitive automorphism groups are the classical unitals and the Ree unitals [Kantor, 1985]. The classical unital is also characterized by the existence of sufficiently many translations [Grundhöfer, Stroppel, Van Maldeghem, 2013].
In this thesis, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for embedding a unital into a projective plane as a polar unital. A strengthened version of the condition is introduced and is shown to be necessary for a classical unital. Using the strengthened condition and results of [Wilbrink,1983] and [Grundhöfer, Stroppel and Van Maldeghem, 2013], a new intrinsic characterization of the classical unital is given without assuming the absence of O'Nan configurations. Finally, a unital of even order satisfying the first two intrinsic characterization conditions of Wilbrink is shown to be classical without invoking deep results from group theory.published_or_final_version
Mathematics
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Patteson, Thomas L. "One house : text & drawings /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020705/.
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