Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Desinfectantes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Desinfectantes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Cornelio, Ampuero Stephanie Jeanette, Vargas Juan Carlos Hashimoto, Alzamora Jorge Alejandro Magallanes, García María Fe Muñoz, and Sánchez Nahum Alejandro Lizardo. "Pastillas desinfectantes efervescentes “Tipitab”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654686.
Full textThis project evaluates the scalability and viability of a disinfectant tablet capable of being diluted in water and purifying any physical space. Its purpose is to trade it in the Peruvian market, satisfying the needs of our clients, as well as solving the two problems encountered. On the one hand, the high pollution due to plastic packaging puts the entire world population at risk and as a consequence, less harmful alternatives are being sought in the market. On the other hand, the impact of COVID-19 has caused more consumers to seek products with a high level of disinfection. For all this, it was figure out way to find a disinfectant product that does not pollute the environment thanks to tablets with an aluminum container and providing disinfection safety for the target audience The research of this work was focused on the development of the disinfectant tablet trade in Metropolitan Lima and Callao for socioeconomic sectors B and C, since there is currently no company in the national market that offers a product similar to ours. In this way, the objective of the project is to publicize the innovative potential and transmit its added value to consumers. After the financial evaluation, it was determined that the initial investment required by the shareholders would be 11,350 soles for each one, giving a total of 56,750 soles. While at the end of the operations of the 3 year of the project, a net present value of 14,573 soles would be obtained, an internal rate of return of 33% and that the total investment would be recovered in 2.46 years.
Trabajo de investigación
Acuña, Alfaro Anggy Arleni, Salazar Ruth Mery Rodas, Andagua Leydi Diana Torres, Alfaro Anggy Arleni Acuña, Salazar Ruth Mery Rodas, and Andagua Leydi Diana Torres. "Efectividad antimicrobiana de dos desinfectantes utilizados en las piezas de mano de alta velocidad de uso odontológico. Estudio in vitro." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2015. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/313.
Full textTesis
Acuña, Alfaro Anggy Arleni, Salazar Ruth Mery Rodas, and Andagua Leydi Diana Torres. "Efectividad antimicrobiana de dos desinfectantes utilizados en las piezas de mano de alta velocidad de uso odontológico. Estudio in vitro." Bachelor's thesis, Chiclayo, 2015. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/389.
Full textSaraiva, André Augusto Matos. "Avaliação da eficácia de desinfectantes na indústria agro-alimentar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8135.
Full textO presente trabalho, teve como principal objectivo avaliar a eficácia de diferentes desinfectantes na indústria Agro – Alimentar. Para este efeito, testaram-se diferentes desinfectantes, produzidos pela Mistolin e por uma marca concorrente. Foram recolhidas amostras de superfícies, com ajuda de zaragatoas, em diferentes sectores da indústria Agro – Alimentar, sector das carnes, sector dos vinhos e sector dos lacticínios. Todas as amostras foram recolhidas em diferentes condições de higienização e posteriormente semeadas em meio PCA, para quantificação dos efectivos microbianos, sendo os resultados expressos em UFC por cm2. Ainda neste trabalho, foram efectuadas análises microbiológicas às águas utilizadas no processo de higienização, adicionando um redutor, tiossulfato de sódio, para inibir o efeito do cloro sobre os microrganismos presentes na água. Analisou-se ainda a presença ou ausência de resíduo químico de desinfectante, com tiras indicadoras de pH e com um indicador para produtos alcalinos, a fenolftaleína. Com a primeira formulação do desinfectante da Mistolin, a percentagem de eficácia varia entre 47 e 71%, enquanto no caso da concorrência varia entre 85 e 93%, para a mesa de vísceras vertical e horizontal, respectivamente. Após o desenvolvimento da nova formulação da Mistolin, as percentagens sofreram um aumento significativo, variando entre 94 e 95%. No caso da queijaria, as percentagens variam entre 93-97% e no caso da concorrência variam entre 92-95%, para os diferentes pontos de recolha. Em todos os pontos da adega, a eficácia é ligeiramente superior no caso da Mistolin. As análises microbiológicas efectuadas nas amostras de água, apresentam valores de microrganismos abaixo do permitido por lei. Com as tiras de pH e com a fenolftaleína, foi possível verificar a ausência de qualquer resíduo químico da solução desinfectante. No futuro, seria interessante desenvolver mais estudos, nomeadamente verificar a acção bactericida contra microrganismos específicos de cada sector.
This project’s main objective is to assess the efficiency of different disinfectants in the agro-food industry. For this purpose, different disinfectants, produced by Mistolin and by a competing brand, were tested. Samples were collected, using swabs, from different agro-food industry surfaces in the meat, wine and dairy sectors. All samples were collected under different hygiene conditions and subsequently plated on PCA medium for microbial quantification; the results are expressed in CFU per cm2. This project also involved the microbiological analysis of the water used in the cleaning process, by using a reducing agent, sodium thiosulfate, with the aim of cut the chlorine’s effect over the microorganisms in the water. An alkaline sensible chemical, phenolphthalein, and pH indicating strips were used to determine the presence or absence of any disinfectant’s chemical residue. With the Mistolin’s disinfectant first formulation the efficiency varies between 47% and 71%, whereas the efficiency of the competing brand’s product is ranged between 85% and 93% for the viscera vertical and horizontal table, respectively. However, after the development of a new Mistolin’s disinfectant formulation the efficiency percentage was significantly increased, now being comprised between 94% and 95%. Regarding the dairy sector, Mistolin’s efficiency is set from 93% to 97%, while the competing brand’s product varies from 92% to 95%. About the wine sector, the Mistolin’s efficiency is slightly higher in all the collecting locations. The microbiological analysis carried out in the water samples revealed microorganisms values bellow the ones set by law. The use of pH indicating strips and phenolphthalein allowed verifying the absence of any chemical residue from the disinfectant solution. In future studies, it would be interesting to evaluate the bactericidal action against microorganisms specific to each sector.
Barros, Diana Sofia Gonçalves. "Limitações das substâncias desinfectantes endodônticas convencionais na erradicação do Enterococcus faecalis." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2635.
Full textIntrodução e objectivos: O tratamento endodôntico consiste na preparação químico-mecânica, nomeadamente a instrumentação do sistema tridimensional de canais, irrigação e medicação intracanalar, que visam à desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares. Posteriormente o sistema de canais radiculares é obturado, ou seja, selado, impedindo a re-infecção do dente. O seu sucesso é significativamente influenciado pela presença de bactérias nos canais radiculares no momento da obturação. (Fabricius et alii. 2006, Siqueira e Rôças 2008, Stuart et alii. 2006, Waltimo et alii. 2005) Não obstante o facto de a infecção endodôntica ser polimicrobiana, neste trabalho será dado ênfase ao Enterococcus faecalis, que é uma bactéria com elevada patogenicidade e com elevada prevalência na patologia Endodôntica. (Kayaoglu e Ørstavik 2004, Sedgley et alii. 20062, Siqueira e Rôças 2008, Stuart et alii. 2006, Ozbek et alii. 2009) Convencionalmente, a irrigação é realizada com NaOCl ou CHX e a medicação intracanalar, se o tratamento for multi-sessões, é feita habitualmente com Ca(OH)2. O objectivo deste trabalho é verificar as limitações dos princípios activos supracitados ao E.faecalis. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e Embase usando as seguintes palavras-chave: “endodontic infection”, “endodontic microbiology”, “endodontic disinfection”, Enterococcus faecalis”, “virulence”, “culture”, “topic disinfection in endodontics”, “endodontic treatment”, “root canal disinfection”, “irrigating solutions”, “Enterorococcus faecalis erradication in endodontics” publicados entre 2003 e 2011, da qual resultaram 73 artigos que continham informação relevante para este estudo e cumpriam os critérios estabelecidos. Resultados: Verificou-se que tanto a CHX, como o NaOCl e o Ca(OH)2 possuem limitações na erradicação do Enterococcus faecalis, sendo que não há consenso quanto ao protocolo de desinfecção ideal. RESUMO vi Conclusões: Um método eficaz proposto para a erradicação do E.faecalis consiste em boa técnica asséptica, aumento do calibre apical até #30, irrigação alternada com NaOCl a 2,5%, uma solução quelante como EDTA a 17% e CHX a 2%, e como medicação intracanalar, se tratamento for multi-sessão, com CHX em gel a 2%. Introduction and objectives: Root canal therapy consists in chemo-mechanical preparation, particularly with the instrumentation of the three-dimensional system of canals, irrigation and dressing, aimed at disinfecting the root canal system which is then sealed, preventing the re-infection of the tooth. Its success is significantly influenced by the presence of bacteria in root canals at the time of filling. (Fabricius et alii. 2006, Siqueira e Rôças 2008, Stuart et alii. 2006, Waltimo et alii. 2005) Even though the endodontic infection is polymicrobial, this work will be given emphasis to Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium that is highly pathogenic and high prevalent in Endodontic pathology. (Kayaoglu e Ørstavik 2004, Sedgley et alii. 20062, Siqueira e Rôças 2008, Stuart et alii. 2006, Ozbek et alii. 2009) Conventionally, irrigation canal is performed with NaOCl or CHX and intracanal medication if treatment is multi-session, is usually made with Ca(OH)2.The aim of this study is to observe the limitations of the above active substances against E.faecalis. Materials and methods: It was performed a literature search in the databases PubMed and Embase with the following keywords: “endodontic infection”, “endodontic microbiology”, “endodontic disinfection”, Enterococcus faecalis”, “virulence”, “culture”, “topic disinfection in endodontics”, “endodontic treatment”, “root canal disinfection”, “irrigating solutions”, “Enterorococcus faecalis erradication in endodontics” published between 2003 and 2011, of which resulted in 73 articles that contained information relevant to this study and met the established criteria. Results: It was found that both CHX, such as NaOCl and Ca(OH)2 have limitations in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis, and there is no consensus on the ideal protocol disinfection. Conclusions: An effective method proposed for the eradication of E.faecalis consists of good aseptic technique, increasing the apical size # 30, alternating irrigation ABSTRACT viii with 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA as a chelating solution and 2% CHX and as intracanal medication, if treatment is multi-session, with 2% gel CHX.
FLORES, GONZALEZ MARISA 650252, and GONZALEZ MARISA FLORES. "Efecto bactericida de nanopartículas de plata y desinfectantes sobre bacterias multirresistentes." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67954.
Full textGalán, Alejo Luis Cuauhtémoc. "Desarrollo de métodos rápidos para verificar la eficacia fungicida de sustancias desinfectantes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5647.
Full textLos datos epidemiológicos que poseemos en nuestro país señalan que la mayor parte de los brotes de toxiinfecciones alimentaria se desencadenan en el ámbito doméstico. Debido a ello, cada vez más se están desarrollando formulaciones químicas con actividad desinfectante para ser utilizadas en el hogar. La mayoría de los productos desarrollados tienen como objetivo el actuar como bactericidas. Sin embargo, poco se estudia respecto a su posible actividad fungicida. Encontrado microorganismos patógenos, como Candida albicans y otros alterantes. Por este motivo, nuestro trabajo pretende comparar la actividad fungicida de los desinfectantes utilizados en el ámbito doméstico, para conocer su eficacia real y su aplicabilidad.
Pretendemos evaluar el empleo de las técnicas impedanciométricas, ya que se trata de una metodología particularmente adecuada a pruebas de desinfectantes en superficies. El protocolo deja la adherencia en el mismo estado morfológico y no los enfrenta a un estrés por remoción y por lo tanto no influye en la eficacia del desinfectante(Gibson y col., 1995).
OBJETIVOS:
Evaluar la eficacia funguicida de los productos comerciales de uso domestico, aplicando las normas internacionales de evaluación UNE EN-1275 y 1650.
Desarrollar una técnica rápida de evaluación de estos mismos productos comerciales.
Desarrollar sistemas que simulen situaciones reales de uso.
Verificar su eficacia, una vez adaptada la metodología, ensayar y comparar la eficacia de los diferentes desinfectantes en condiciones reales de uso.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODO:
La fase experimental del proyecto se realizó en 5 etapas:
Aplicación de las normas Españolas UNE-EN 1275 y 1650 para la evaluación de la actividad fungicida en 20 productos comerciales.
Diseñar un método rápido de screening a dos concentraciones y dos tiempos de contacto, para ayudar a discriminar los compuestos y poder encontrar su rango de acción.
Adaptar las normas a una técnica impedanciométrica, para automatizarla y permitir una detección de la actividad desinfectante en un menor tiempo.
Analizar los efectos de las condiciones ambientales en la viabilidad de las cepas fúngicas en varias superficies.
Emplear la técnica de epifluorescencia directa, con tinción vital de fluorescencia y captura de imagen.
Se evaluó la actividad fungicida en tela de algodón
RESULTADOS:
Nuestros resultados señalan que el producto con hipoclorito sódico presenta mayor actividad fungicida, tanto para las levaduras como para esporas de mohos, así como el glutaraldehído, que también supero las 2 normas UNE EN-1275 y 1650.
Al mismo tiempo, hemos constatado la aplicabilidad de la impedancia como sistema para evaluar el recuento de estos microorganismos y poder evaluar la eficacia fungicida de diversas sustancias en un menor tiempo y en con una mayor eficacia.
CONCLUSIONES:
Es posible la adaptación de la metodología estándar a otra rápida, con una reducción en el tiempo de incubación y una simplificación de las pruebas a realizar.
La adaptación del protocolo normalizado a un método de screening se realizo seleccionando dos concentraciones de los productos a emplear (80% y 20%) a dos tiempos de contacto (15 y 60 minutos). Los resultados obtenidos permiten clasificar los productos por diferentes niveles de eficacia.
El producto con más amplio espectro fungicida es el hipoclorito sódico (lejía), tanto para levaduras como para esporas de mohos. Con este producto se consigue una reducción de más de 5 unidades logarítmicas de recuento con la menor concentración en menos de 5 minutos de contacto con gran diferencia respecto al resto.
Los productos estudiados poseen una actividad desigual, dependiendo de las condiciones del ensayo (concentración, el tiempo de exposición y el microorganismo utilizado).
INTRODUCTION
The epidemiological data that we have in our country show that most food poisoning outbreaks happen in home environment. For this reason, formulations of detergents with disinfectant activity are being developed. Most of the new products act as bactericides. However, there is not much information about their possible fungicide activity except from some pathogen microoganisms like Candida. The main aim of this study was to compare fungicide activity of disinfectants most commonly used at home in order to know their real efficiency and applicability. Impedanciometric techniques were used as an appropriated methodology to test disinfectant in surfaces. The protocol left the adherence in the same morphologic state and did not confront them to stress by removal and therefore did not have influence in the disinfectant efficiency (Gibson et al., 1995).
OBJECTIVES.
To evaluate the fungicide efficiency of domestic-use commercial products, applying the international norm of evaluation (UNE EN-1275 and 1650).
To develop a fast evaluation technique of the same commercial products.
To develop systems that simulate real situations.
To verify their efficiency, once the methodology is adapted, test and compare the efficiency of the different disinfectants in real use conditions.
RESULTS.
Our results showed that the product with sodium hypoclorite and glutaraldehide both had the higher fungicide activity for yeast and mold spores. At the same time, we constated the applicability of the impedance as a system to count these microorganisms and evaluated the fungicide efficiency of several substances in less time and with more efficiency.
CONCLUSIONS.
It was possible to adapt the standard methodology to a faster one, with a reduction in time of incubation and a simplification of the tests.
The adaptation of the standardised protocol to a screening method was done selecting two concentrations of the products (80% and 20%) and two contact times (15 and 60 minutes). The results obtained allowed the classification of the products by efficiency levels.
The product with higher fungicide activity was the sodium hypochlorite (bleach), both for yeast and mold spores. With this product was obtained a reduction of more than 5 logarithmic units with the smaller concentration in less than 5 minutes of contact and with a high difference with the others.
The studied products had different activity, depending on the test conditions (concentration, exposure time and microorganisms used).
Hernández, Rodríguez Águeda. "Aportaciones al estudio de la actividad antimicrobiana de los antisépticos y desinfectantes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3898.
Full textEl desarrollo de estudios sobre la actividad antimicrobina, que permitan la selección de productos biocidas eficaces puede suponer una importante mejora en la lucha contra las IN.
Se estudió in vitro la actividad antimicrobiana del ácido peracético al 0.26% (Perasafe®) en comparación con el glutaraldehído alcalino al 2% (Cidex®), frente a Mycobacterium avium- Mycobacterium intracelulare (MAI), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium fortuitum y Mycobacterium chelonae. Perasafe® fue micobactericida y tuberculocida (factor de reducción ? 5 log10) en 20 min. de contacto; mientras que Cidex® lo fue en 30 min. de exposición. MAI fue la micobacteria más resistente.
También demostramos la eficacia de Perasafe® en comparación con Cidex® para la desinfección de broncoscopios contaminados experimentalmente con M.tuberculosis H37Rv y MAI. Ambos productos consiguieron un factor de reducción ?5 tras 10 min. de contacto frente a M.tuberculosis, y tras 20 min. frente a MAI. Así pues, como demuestran los estudios in vitro y de "uso simulado", Perasafe®, es un desinfectante de alto nivel efectivo frente a micobacterias y constituye una posible alternativa al glutaraldehído alcalino al 2% en la desinfección de broncoscopios.
Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana frente a M.tuberculosis H37Rv, MAI, M.kansasii y M.chelonae de Korsolex® AF. La concentración del 1% fue eficaz frente a todas las micobacterias ensayadas en 60 min. de contacto. Estos datos sugieren que los productos biocidas que contienen aminas podrían ser útiles en la desinfección intermedia y de alto nivel de los dispositivos médicos.
Acinetobacter baumannii destaca por su habilidad para desarrollar y transmitir resistencias antimicrobianas y por ser un patógeno nosocomial emergente difícil de erradicar. Se estudiaron 9 cepas multirresistentes, con adquisición progresiva de la resistencia a los antibióticos betalactámicos aisladas en el transcurso de un brote epidémico. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de suspensión cuantitativo según el European Standard EN 1040. Todas las cepas de A.baumannii fueron sensibles a todos los antisépticos (Sterillium®, 2 formulaciones alcohólicas no comercializadas, Hibiscrub® y Clorina®) y desinfectantes evaluados (Virkon® e Instrunet superficies®). Se comprobó que la resistencia a múltiples antibióticos betalactámicos en cepas de A.baumannii no se asocia a resistencia o descenso de sensibilidad a los biocidas.
Por otro lado, hemos analizado el espectro de actividad antimicrobiana de Virkon siguiendo las normativas AFNOR. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que Virkon® al 1% es un desinfectante de bajo nivel por ser un biocida con efecto antimicrobiano rápido (5 min.) frente a bacterias vegetativas (gramnegativas y grampositivas), levaduras, virus y micobacterias no tuberculosas en ensayos cuantitativos de suspensión, pero únicamente bactericida en los ensayos con portagérmenes.
Finalmente, se evaluó la eficacia de un compuesto clorado (Solprogel®) frente al VIH-1 y VHB. La actividad virucida del VIH-1 se estableció mediante un ensayo de infectividad en células MT-2 y la del VHB midiendo la inhibición de la actividad de la DNA polimerasa (DNA-P). En ambos casos, la actividad antimicrobiana de Solprogel® se comparó con la del dicloroisocianurato sódico (NaDCC). Solprogel® y NaDCC, a una concentración de 120 ppm y 100 ppm de cloro disponible, respectivamente, inhiben el VIH-1 en 5 min. de contacto. La DNA-P del VHB fue sensible a la inhibición por los dos desinfectantes, requiriendo 960 y 1.000 ppm de cloro disponible para Solprogel® (16%) y NaDCC, respectivamente y un tiempo de exposición mínimo de 2 min.
Nosocomial infections (NI) lead to a high morbidity and mortality, significant staff work-loads and a high economic cost. The effective use of biocides, antiseptics and disinfectants along with the disinfection of surfaces and medical devices, hand washing and barrier techniques make up the means of prevention of NI.
The development of studies in antimicrobial activity, which allow for the selection of effective biocidal products, could lead to an important improvement in the fight against IN.
In vitro studies were made of the antimicrobial activity of peracetic acid at 0.26% (Perasafe®) in comparison to the 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex®) against Mycobacterium avium- Mycobacterium intracelulare (MAI), Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae. Perasafe® was mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal (reduction factor ? 5 log10) after 20 minutes of contact. For Cidex®, 30 minutes of exposure was required. MAI was the most resistant mycobacterium.
We also demonstrated the effectiveness of Perasafe® compared to Cidex® for the disinfection of bronchoscopes experimentally contaminated with M. tuberculosis H37Rv and MAI. Both products achieved a reduction factor ? 5 after 10 minutes contact with M. tuberculosis and after 20 minutes with MAI. So, as demonstrated in in vitro studies and in simulated use, Perasafe® is a disinfectant with a high level of effectiveness against mycobacteria and would be a possible alternative to 2% alkaline gluteraldehyde for the disinfection of bronchoscopes.
The antimicrobial activity of Korsolex® AF against M.tuberculosis H37Rv, MAI, M.kansasii and M. chelona was evaluated. After 60 minutes contact the 1% concentration was effective against all the mycobacteria studied. These data suggest that biocidal products that contain amines could be useful in the intermediate and high level disinfection of medical devices.
Acinetobacter baumannii is noted for its ability to develop and transmit antimicrobial resistances and has become an emerging pathogenic nosocomial infection that is difficult to eradicate. Nine multi-resistant strains were studied. These had progressive acquisition of resistance to betalactamate antibiotics and were isolated during an epidemic outbreak. In this case, a quantitative suspension study according to European Standard EN 1040 was performed. All the strains of A. baumannii showed sensitivity to all the studied antiseptics (Sterillium®, two non-commercialised alcoholic formulations, Hibiscrub® and Clorina®) and disinfectants (Virkon® and Instrunet superficies®). This proved that resistance to multiple betalactamate antibiotics in strains of A. baumannii is not associated with resistance or decrease in sensitivity to biocidals.
On the other hand, we also analysed the antimicrobial activity spectrum of Virkon® according to the AFNOR regulations. The results obtained demonstrate that Virkon® at 1% concentration is a poor disinfectant to be a rapid antimicrobial effect biocide (5 minutes) against vegetative bacteria (gram negatives and gram positives), yeasts, viruses and non-tuberculoid mycobacteria in quantitative suspension studies. It was only bactericidal in the studies using the germ-carrier method.
Finally, the efficacy of a chloride compound (Solprogel®) against VIH-1 and VHB was evaluated. The virucidal activity against the VIH-1 was established by means of an infectivity study in MT-2 cells and for that of the VHB by measuring the inhibition of the DNA polymerase (DNA-P) activity. In both cases, the antimicrobial activity of Solprogel® was compared to that of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC). Solprogel® and SDIC at respective concentrations of 120 ppm and 100 ppm of available chlorine inhibited VIH-1 after 5 minutes of contact. The DNA-P of the VHB was sensitive to inhibition by both disinfectants, requiring 960 and 1,000 ppm of available chlorine for 16% Solprogel® and SDIC respectively, and a minimum exposure time of 2 minutes.
Oyarzún, Guiñez Rodrigo Felipe. "Efectividad de soluciones desinfectantes de uso habitual sobre conos de gutapercha previamente contaminados." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139967.
Full textLas puntas o conos de gutapercha son normalmente el material de obturación de elección en los tratamientos de endodoncia. Estas son ampliamente utilizadas por el odontólogo ya que presentan diversas ventajas. Se comercializan en cajas selladas y estériles, condición que se pierde al abrir el dispensador que las contiene cada vez que se realiza una obturación. Surge entonces la necesidad de desinfectar las puntas mediante su inmersión en una solución desinfectante que no altere la estructura del material y sus propiedades antes de introducirlos al conducto y asegurar que se encuentran libres de una carga bacteriana que lleve al fracaso del tratamiento. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las soluciones desinfectantes de gluconato de clorhexidina al 2%, hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% y alcohol de 70° a los tiempos de 1 y 3 minutos de inmersión, en la desinfección de los conos de gutapercha previamente contaminados con cepas ATCC de Staphylococcus Aureus, Actinomyces, Enterococcus faecalis, y Candida albicans. El gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% y hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% no mostraron evidencia estadísticamente significativa que demuestre ser mejor al alcohol de 70° en la descontaminación de los conos de gutapercha. Se concluyó que las soluciones de gluconato de clorhexidina al 2%, de hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% y alcohol de 70° son eficientes en la desinfección de los conos de gutapercha.
RIEDINGER, CLAUDINE. "Evaluation in vitro des substances antiseptiques et desinfectantes : methodes, problemes et harmonisation internationale." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR15048.
Full textSilva, Carla Ofélia Ferreira da. "Assessing mixture toxicity of disinfectants in zebrafish." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8056.
Full textLarge quantities of chemicals (e.g. detergents and disinfectants) are used in hospitals for cleaning and disinfection. Their effluents consist of a mixture which can cause serious environmental problems. In this work, the effects of binary mixtures between three hospital disinfectants: glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) or ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and the surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BKC) on zebrafish early life-stages were studied. The assays were based on the OECD guideline on Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) Test. Over 96 hours the organisms were daily inspected with stereomicroscopy, registering the mortality. The BKC, FA, GA and OPA showed high toxicity for zebrafish embryos presenting LC50 values at 96 h of 3.9 mg/l, 546.8 mg/l, 23.97 mg/l and 64.9 μg/l, respectively. Mixtures data was fitted to the independent action and concentration addiction models in order to verify which model best described the obtained results and to analyze possible interactive responses. At 96 hours, the results showed that the mixture toxicity of BKC and FA is best predictable by concentration addition with a dose level dependency deviation (antagonism at low dose and synergism at high dose), whereas concentration addition with an antagonist deviation function described the mixture of BKC and GA. For BKC and OPA, Independent action best described the mixture, with a synergism deviation function from the reference model. This study drives attention to the problem of the hospital effluents due the release of its complex mixtures and its toxicity that may represent a real environmental problem.
Grandes quantidades de produtos químicos (por exemplo, detergentes e desinfetantes) são usados em hospitais para limpeza e desinfeção. Os seus efluentes consistem em misturas que podem causar sérios problemas ambientais. Neste trabalho foram estudados os efeitos de três misturas entre desinfetantes hospitalares: glutaraldeído (GA), formaldeído (FA) ou ortoftaldeído (OPA), com o surfatante cloreto de benzalcónio (BKC), nos primeiros estádios de vida do peixe zebra. Os ensaios foram baseados no protocolo OCDE do Teste de Toxicidade em Embriões de Peixe (FET). Durante 96 horas, os organismos foram observados diariamente com um estereomicroscópio, registando-se a mortalidade. BKC, FA, GA, e OPA mostraram alta toxicidade para os embriões de peixe zebra apresentando valores de CL50 para as 96 h de 3.9 mg/l, 546.8 mg/l, 27.97 mg/l e 64.9 μg/l respetivamente. Para os dados das misturas foram usados os modelos de ação independente e adição de concentração, a fim de determinar o modelo mais adequado para prever a sua toxicidade e analisar possíveis efeitos interativos. Às 96 horas, os resultados mostraram que a toxicidade da mistura de BKC e FA é melhor previsível pela adição de concentração com dependência da dose (antagonismo em dose baixa e sinergismo em doses elevadas), enquanto que a adição de concentração com uma função de desvio antagonista descreveu a mistura de BKC e GA. Para BKC e OPA, é a acção independente que melhor descreve a mistura, com uma função de desvio sinergístico do modelo de referência. Este estudo dirige a atenção para a problemática dos efluentes hospitalares devido à libertação de suas misturas complexas e sua toxicidade, que pode representar um real problema ambiental.
Valdés, Duque Beatriz Elena. "Aplicación de diferentes técnicas analíticas para evaluar la contaminación fúngica de alimentos y superficies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5690.
Full textEn este estudio se desarrolló un método impedanciométrico para el recuento de hongos. El medio de cultivo que mostró mejores respuestas en la capacitancia fue el que contenía peptona de soja y extracto de levadura al 0,5%, gelatina al 8%, cloranfenicol al 0,025%, ajustado a un pH de 5,5. Este medio permitió el recuento de esporas de los principales géneros fúngicos (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium y Rhizopus) aislados en alimentos y superficies de la industria elaboradora de alimentos deshidratados a concentraciones entre 102 y 106ufc/g, con la ventaja de reducir el tiempo de análisis a 26-70 horas, dependiendo del género predominante.
También se compararon diferentes técnicas de muestreo y análisis para vigilar y verificar la contaminación fúngica tras la limpieza y desinfección de las superficies de una industria elaboradora de alimentos deshidratados, así mismo se evaluó la actividad fungicida de cuatro soluciones desinfectantes frente a la micobiota predominante en estas superficies. Para dicha verificación se establecieron diferentes límites críticos en función de la técnica de muestreo y análisis utilizada. Entre estás técnicas, la siembra directa de un disco de acero inoxidable que estuvo adherido a las superficies de la industria durante una semana, fue la que mostró mayores recuentos, siendo la más rigurosa en la calificación de aceptabilidad de la higienización de las superficies. Mientras que, la técnica impedanciométrica presentó una utilidad limitada como sistema de verificación. Los desinfectantes con mayor efectividad sobre la micobiota predominante en esta industria fueron el hipoclorito sódico (1000 mg/l de cloro libre) y una solución al 1% de un producto desinfectante basado en aldehídos y amonio cuaternario.
Finalmente se determinó el grado de contaminación y el tipo de micobiota presente en las superficies de un establecimiento de comercialización de alimentos. Los mayores recuentos fúngicos se obtuvieron con las técnicas de impronta, siembra directa del disco e hisopado de 100 cm2. Las levaduras fueron la micobiota predominante en las secciones de comercialización de productos a temperatura de refrigeración, mientras que en los comercializados a temperatura ambiente predominaron los mohos de los géneros Penicillium y Cladosporium.
Fungi represent a growing concern for our society as human health pathogens and as contaminants of foods, air and the interior surfaces of our homes. Thus, the implementation of different risk control strategies like cleaning and disinfection programmes for food production and commercialisation becomes mandatory. For these programmes it is important to establish critical limits and to apply an adequate system for assuring its surveillance and fulfilment. The selection of an adequate disinfectant agent to reduce or destroy ambient and surface micobiota and the application of techniques that allow us to evaluate the efficacy of the disinfection has to be taken into consideration. This sort of techniques present advantages as well as inconveniences and for every particular industry it must be stated which one achieves the best evaluation of surface contamination. Analysing fungi contamination can be a hard task and requires prolonged times for consecution of results which in return, limits the use of corrective actions.
On this study was developed an impedanciometric method for counting fungi. The culture medium that showed best responses to capacitance methods was the one containing: soy peptone and yeast extract (0.5%); gelatine (8%) and cloramphenicol (0,025%) adjusted to pH 5.5. This medium allowed spore count of the main fungi genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Rhizopus) isolated in foods and surfaces of dehydrated-food producing facilities in concentrations between 102 to 106cfu/g. The time of analysis varied between 26 and 70 h depending on the dominant genera.
Moreover, different sampling techniques for surveillance were compared and fungi contamination was assessed, after applying surface cleaning and disinfection procedures in a dehydrated food manufacturing industry. Fungicide activity of four disinfectant solutions related to the dominant micobiota of these surfaces was evaluated. Critical limits were established as a function of the sampling techniques and analyses chosen. From the techniques used the one which yielded higher counts and permitted more accurate qualification of food surface acceptability was the direct spread of stainless steel discs which were previously adhered to the surfaces during one week. Impedance measures were of limited use as system of verification. The disinfectant agents that showed higher efficacy against the dominant micobiota in the processing facilities were: sodium hypochlorite (1000 mg/L of free chloride) and a 1% solution of a product containing aldehydes and quaternary ammonium.
Finally, the degree of surface contamination inside food commercialising installations was determined. The highest fungi counts were obtained using agar contact plates techniques, direct spread of stainless steel discs and swabbing of 100 cm2. Yeast were the dominant micobiota in the refrigerating commercialisation areas whereas for room temperature products fungi of the genera Penicillium and Cladosporium prevailed.
Elias, Paredes Joel Carlos. "Evaluación de la actividad bactericida de los desinfectantes green desinfectant, forward e hipoclorito de sodio en cepas ATCC y cepas aisladas de superficies de áreas quirúrgicas de dos clínicas de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6386.
Full textTesis
González, Rivas Fabián. "Desarrollo y aplicación de sensores para evaluar la contaminación microbiológica de superficies domésticas españolas y de la efectividad desinfectante in situ de productos limpiadores comerciales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5664.
Full textCastro, Amaro Nilda Amelia. "Formación de biopelículas y su resistencia frente a dos desinfectantes en cepas de Listeria monocytogenes aisladas de embutidos y superficies inertes." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7650.
Full textEvalúa la capacidad de formación de biopelículas de 20 cepas de Listeria monocytogenes aisladas de embutidos y superficies inertes de una planta de procesado cárnico. Se evalúan diferentes condiciones de temperatura: refrigeración (4ºC), ambiente (22ºC) y 35ºC, obteniendo formación de biopelículas en el 95% de las cepas según la clasificación Stepanovic. El 85% son productoras débiles de biopelículas a 4°C y 35°C; sin embargo a 35°C un 10% son productoras moderadas. El uso de un desinfectante eficiente y la concentración adecuada para reducir la formación de las biopelículas es de suma importancia. Para ello se analiza la acción de dos desinfectantes a base de Hipoclorito de sodio y Amonio cuaternario a tres tiempos de contacto (5, 10 y 30 minutos). Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que el hipoclorito de sodio es más eficiente para eliminar las biopelículas que el amonio cuaternario a partir de los 30 minutos de exposición.
Tesis
Salazar, Lipa Gina Paola. "Efecto de desinfectantes cavitarios en la fuerza de adhesión de los sistemas adhesivos a esmalte dental : estudio in vitro." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2205.
Full text-- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cavitary disinfectants, 2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, on the microtensile bond strength of an enamel bond system. Materials and methods: 12 sound bovine lower incisors were selected. The teeth were mounted in cold-cure acrylic keeping expose the flat and polished buccal enamel surface. All were randomly divide in three groups and treated as follows: Group 1 - 2% chlorhexidine for 40 seconds, rinsed and dried; group 2 – 2.5% NaOCl for 40 seconds, rinsed and dried; and group 3 – control (without disinfectant solution). Following, all teeth were etching with 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed and dried. The Adper Single Bond 2 (3MESPE) was applied in two layers dried with air and light cure for 20 seconds. After that, the composite resin restoration was built (Z350 – 3MESPE), using a silicone mold of 6mm diameter and 4mm height. The teeth were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24h. using a machine we got the specimens with 1.0 ± 0.1mm2 of cross-sectional area and stressed in tension at 0.5 mm/min.
Tesis
Ríos, Castillo Abel Guillermo. "Evaluación del nivel de contaminación de superficies y la eficacia de productos desinfectantes a corto y largo plazo. Nuevos métodos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129381.
Full textIn prevention of the bacterial contamination from surfaces in the food processing environments, industries in this sector and domestic environments requires disinfectant products that have to be effective against different bacterial species, safe during their use and have bacterial residual action to protect surfaces of the bacterial adhesion. In the same way, the use of surfaces with antibacterial properties which inhibit the biofilm formation is a measure to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria and the spoilage of the food quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and the residual effect of disinfectants products, evaluate the bacteriostatic properties of surfaces and study the biofilm formation produced by Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the aquaculture sector. From the results, the bactericidal action of hydrogen peroxide in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae on stainless steel surfaces is increased when it is used together with benzalkonium chloride and cationic polymers. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is more sensitive than Staphylococcus aureus to the bactericidal activity of products based on hydrogen peroxide. Benzalkonium chloride products showed bactericidal residual effect after 24 hours on the treated surfaces. Sodium hypochlorite has residual effect when it is combined with other compounds such as sodium hydroxide and ethoxylated fatty alcohol. Escherichia coli is more sensitive than Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the antibacterial action of triclosan on plastic surfaces. Surfaces with bacteriostatic properties showed greater activity in dry conditions compared to wet conditions, which demonstrated a relationship between the bacteriostatic compound concentration on the surfaces employed and the bacterial inhibition. In the aquaculture conditions, the bactericidal activity on surfaces was higher for potassium peroxymonosulfate 1,0%, sodium hypochlorite 5,25%, and the combination of compounds of surfactants and lactic acid. The biofilm formation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum appeared on stainless steel surfaces, plastic surfaces, glass and wood. Under these conditions, the bacterial adhesion can be inhibited using plastic surfaces with antibacterial properties.
Herrera, Zúñiga Jennifer Sabrina. "Efecto bactericida de desinfectantes sobre cepas de Escherichia coli y Listeria innocua en superficies de uso en la industria alimentaria." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142693.
Full textActualmente existe una gran oferta de productos desinfectantes que han enfocado su uso en la industria alimentaria para llevar a cabo de forma adecuada, programas de limpieza y desinfección, con el fin de reducir y en ciertos casos eliminar los microorganismos de la infraestructura que está en contacto con la línea de producción alimentaria. De esta forma se busca inhibir el peligro de contaminación y se garantiza un producto inocuo. Sin embargo la mayoría de los estudios con desinfectantes se realizan in vitro, no considerando los factores ambientales reales de contaminación. Es por esto que se realizó un análisis directamente en superficies ampliamente utilizadas en la industria como es el caso de acero inoxidable y plancha de polietileno de alta densidad (PEHD, por sus siglas en inglés) probando la acción bactericida de dos productos desinfectantes comercializados actualmente. El producto A compuesto por glutaraldehido y amonios cuaternarios y el producto B por ácido peracético, peróxido de hidrógeno y ácido acético. Las pruebas se realizaron a distintos tiempos y en las concentraciones indicadas por el fabricante. Para cada producto se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria, concentración mínima bactericida, la cinética de muerte de los microorganismos, porcentaje de eficiencia, constante específica de muerte (k), tiempo de reducción decimal (TRD) y el coeficiente de dilución. Estos análisis se realizaron frente a dos microorganismos, un Gram positivo y un Gram negativo como lo son Listeria innocua y Escherichia coli respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el desinfectante A fue más eficiente que el desinfectante B, en la máxima concentración recomendada por el fabricante (0,5%) a los 5 min, logrando la disminución de al menos 6 ciclos logarítmicos, mientras que el producto B a una concentración de 0,8% logró disminuir entre 4 y 6 ciclos. Lo mismo ocurrió con las concentraciones mínimas recomendadas, donde el producto A al 0,25% logró bajar de 2 a 4 ciclos mientras que el desinfectante B solo disminuyó la carga bacteriana entre 1 y 3 ciclos logarítmicos. Fue posible determinar también a través de los valores de k y TRD, que Listeria innocua fue menos resistente que Escherichia coli frente a ambos productos evaluados, mientras que al comparar entre superficies no se encontraron diferencias entre la acción germicida sobre acero inoxidable y plancha de PEHD
Currently exists a big range of disinfectants products which has been focused its use in the Food Industry, in order to carry on cleaning and disinfection programs, with the aim to reduce and in certain cases eliminate microorganisms of the surfaces and all infrastructures what is in contact with the food production line. Thereby is sought to inhibit the contamination hazard and ensure a food safety. However, most of the disinfectants studies are done in vitro, without considering the environmental factors. Is that why it was done analysis directly performed on the most common and widely used surfaces in the Food Industry such as stainless steel and polyethylene high-density (PEHD), testing the bactericidal action of two currently marketed disinfectants. The product A, composed by glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds as well as the product B, composed by peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The tests were carried out at different times and at the concentrations indicated by the manufacturer. It was possible to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, the kinetic death of microorganisms, efficiency percentage, the specific constant of death k, decimal reduction time (DRT) and diffusion coefficient. These analyses were done with two microorganisms, one Gram-positive and one Gram-negative as are Listeria innocua and Esherichia coli, respectively. The results obtained showed disinfectant A was more efficient than disinfectant B, with the maximum concentration recommended by the manufacturer (0,5%) at 5 min, achieving the reduction of at least 6 log cycles, while the product B at a concentration of 0,8% was possible to reduce between 4 and 6 log cycles. The same occurred with minimum indicated concentrations, since A at 0,25% reduced between two to four log cycles, while the disinfectant B just reduced the microbial load between 1 to 3 log cycles. It was possible to determine as well, through the k and DRT values that Listeria innocua was less resistant than Escherichia coli against both disinfectants, whereas by comparing the bactericidal action between both surfaces, no differences were found between PEHD and stainless steel surfaces
Zagastizabal, Mendoza Liz Madelyn. "Eficacia de dos desinfectantes de uso hospitalario frente a biopelículas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus formadas sobre acero inoxidable." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9986.
Full textTesis
Saldaña, Aragón Jessica Milagros. "Efectividad antibacteriana del uso alternado de dos soluciones de gluconato de clorhexidina al 0.12% y 2% con hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25% en el tratamiento de conductos radiculares." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2190.
Full text-- The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo antibacterial efficacy of 0.12% and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) alternately whit 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against anaerobic bacteria used as a root canal irrigating solution in teeth with pulp necrosis an radiographically visible periapical reaction. Eighteen single canals root were prepared using the step down technique. Nine canals were irrigated with 0.12% CHX alternately with 5.25% NaOCl, nine canals with 2% CHX alternately with 5.25% NaOCl. After accesing the canal, the first root canal sample was collected with a sterile paper point that were transferred to a tube containing reduced transported fluid (thioglicolate broth), the second root canal sample was following of irrigation . A small sterile cotton pellet was placed at the root canal entrance, and the cavity was sealed with zinc oxide-eugenol cement. The canals were maintained empty for 7 days; then one sterile paper point was introduced to absorb the root canal fluid (third sample). Samples were subjected to microbiologic processing, including anaerobic incubation on blood agar for 3 days. Finally the counting of CFU was calculated on the plates.
Tesis
Ángeles, Mamani Daniela Harumi, and Pantoja Rodrigo Abelardo Sandoval. "Importancia del empaque ecológico para desinfectantes orgánicos de la marca Planeta Ceibo y su implementación para mejorar la relación con sus usuarios." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18801.
Full textThis research studies the growing reception of the bio market "Healthy Market of La Molina" focused on the demand of consumers of organic products, which are potential customers of this place. It works directly with "Planeta Ceibo", a brand that sells disinfectants and organic cleaning products. Thus, this project seeks to verify the importance of the design of an eco-packaging to solve distribution problems to the final consumer and improve communication between product and user, the use of appropriate material and visual presentation linked to the brand. Through the methodology of the Double Diamond, applied it was possible to have a broad vision of the main need of the brand supported in interviews and observation techniques in the research field of the Healthy Market of La Molina, to the attendees of the place, and of course the collaboration of the owner, Luisa Ávila of the “Planeta Ceibo” brand. The data collected is analyzed and the problem is conceptualized, solving it with the design and preparation of a package that covers the main needs found (material, transport and communication). After the elaboration of prototypes presented to the owner of the brand and to the customers of the biopure, the final packaging could be reached, the owner and users of “Planeta Ceibo” are validated. The new packaging is accepted by checking the research hypothesis; the impact of the eco-packaging design to strengthen the user's relationship with the product and the communication of the brand with its customers, thus benefiting both sides.
GOMES, Fábia Araújo. "Implementação do método de suspensão quantitativa para avaliar a actividade bactericida de desinfectantes químicos, de acordo com a Norma Europeia EN 1040." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5352.
Full textPathogenic bacteria present in food processing systems can potentially cause serious foodborne disease, when they survive to the bactericidal action of disinfectants. This action depends on the effectiveness of active substances that are part of the disinfectant formulation and on the environmental conditions where the interaction between the disinfectant and the bacteria takes place and are also specific for each bacterial strain. The purpose of this work was the implementation of a methodology for assessing the bactericidal efficacy in vitro of commercial disinfectants against bacterial strains that can potentially cause foodborne diseases. The effectiveness of the disinfectants was evaluated according to European Normalization EN1040, using the dilution-neutralization method. In addition to the strains recommended in EN1040 namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus; the bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were also tested. The disinfectants were selected based on their formulations so, was chosen disinfectants containing some of the following active ingredients: anionic surfactants, alkali inorganic, polymeric biguanide hydrochloride, benzalkonium chloride or alcohol ethoxylate. The selected neutralizers were: phosphate buffer, sodium thiosulfate, fresh egg yolk and polysorbate 80 with histidine. After each test, the number of surviving bacteria was obtained by calculation of the decimal logarithmic reduction from the number of colony forming units present in each plate. The inactivation effectiveness of the disinfectant on each bacterial strain was rated on a scale of logarithmic reduction which 5 log corresponds to the minimum reduction of the number of colonies acceptable, when the contact time is 5 minutes and the test temperature is 20 º C. It is concluded that the dilution-neutralization method is sensitive to all bacterial strains tested. Fresh egg yolk seems to be the best neutralizer for disinfectants containing anionic tensioactives, while phosphate buffer is more appropriate to neutralize disinfectants containing inorganic alkalis. However, none of the neutralizers tested seems to be adequate in neutralizing disinfectants containing benzalkonium chloride hydrochloride or polymeric biguanide or alcohol ethoxylate. We also conclude that these laboratory conditions are adequate to evaluate the bactericidal action of disinfectants used in food processing systems.
Calderón, Valencia Mariella Zunilda. "Eficacia de diferentes agentes desinfectantes en la remoción de Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans y Enterococcus faecalis adheridos a resina acrílica de termocurado." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3576.
Full textDespite all the advances in dentistry, removable dentures are still essential for oral rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Cleaning dentures is not always correct, either by the lack of guidance by the dentist or the patient's own negligence. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different disinfectants on removing Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis adhered to heat-curing acrylic resin. Materials and methods; 51 samples of heat-curing acrylic resin were fabricated using wax patterns with the same dimensions (15mm x 15mm x 4mm) and subjected to a polishing system, simulating full dentures. The samples were autoclaved (121 ° C x 15min), and then they were contaminated with strains of C. albicans, S. mutans and E. faecalis. After contamination, they were exhibited to NaClO 0.5 %, chlorhexidine 0.12 % and effervescent tablets Corega Tabs for 5 min. Smear disinfected resins were taken and sown in Petri plates. The results were observed at 24 h to verify whether or not removal of bacterias. Results: NaClO 0.5 % and chlorhexidine 0.12 % showed greater efficacy than effervescent tablets Corega Tabs in removing C. albicans and E. faecalis adhered to heat-curing acrylic resin. There was no difference between the three disinfectants on the removal of S. mutans. KEY WORDS: C. albicans, S. mutans, E. faecalis, heat-curing acrylic resin.
Tesis
Chong, Miguel, and Liu Isabel Cabello. "Desinfectante y desorizador." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101190.
Full textArroyo, Pérez Carlos Alberto. "Efecto de dos agentes de desinfección sobre la contaminación de hidrocoloides irreversibles con tres microorganismos prevalentes de la flora bucal." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14902.
Full textTesis
Alvarez, Chunga Maritza. "Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas sobre el proceso de desinfección del instrumental de cirugía videoendoscópica, enfermeras de Centro Quirúrgico, Hospital III EsSalud Chimbote, 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14621.
Full textEstablece la relación entre el nivel de conocimientos y prácticas sobre el proceso de desinfección del instrumental de cirugía videoendoscopica. Enfermeras de Centro Quirúrgico. Estudio de nivel aplicativo, tipo cuantitativo, método descriptivo de corte transversal y una muestra de 15 enfermeras. Las técnicas que se utilizaron en la investigación fueron la encuesta y la observación. Asimismo los instrumentos correspondientes fueron el cuestionario estructurado con 15 ítems o preguntas y la guía de observación constituida por 15 pautas o procedimientos a observar. No se han encontrado enfermeras con nivel de conocimientos bajo, el 71.4% tuvieron nivel medio y para el 28,6% fue alto. El nivel de prácticas fue alto para todas las enfermeras. Existe correlación entre el nivel de conocimientos y las prácticas sobre el proceso de desinfección del instrumental de cirugía videoendoscopica en las enfermeras de centro quirúrgico del Hospital III EsSalud Chimbote.
Trabajo académico
Francisco, André Simões. "Estudo de biocidas na produção primária." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21099.
Full textÉ cada vez mais uma constante a procura de produtos melhores e mais eficazes, capazes de combater contaminações microbiológicas de superfícies e materiais. De forma a combater esta problemática, a Mistolin S.A. criou um produto biocida à base de compostos quaternários de amónia (QAC) e glutaraldeido ao qual atribuíram o nome de DMC-80. Este produto apresenta uma coloração ligeiramente rosa e um pH bastante ácido. No presente trabalho fez-se uma comparação do DMC-80 com alguns dos produtos biocidas existentes no mercado considerando as suas características principais. Uma caracterização da fórmula actual (FA) do DMC-80, mostrou que o seu pH ácido podia ser um problema para o utilizador durante o manuseamento do produto. Nesse sentido, testaram-se duas formulações do produto, a original de pH ácido e uma fórmula nova (FN) com pH mais neutro ao longo do trabalho experimental. Numa primeira fase analisou-se a estabilidade das formulações simulando condições de armazenamento, (40 ºC durante 90 dias consecutivos. Utilizando FTIR obtiveram-se correlações superiores a 95 % entre o espectro obtido no último dia de estudo e o espectro do dia inicial, indicando pequenas alterações estruturais no produto, ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Numa segunda fase testou-se a capacidade de bactericida das duas formulações de DMC-80, utilizando as bactérias Escherichia coli (Gram-negativa) e Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positiva). Também foi testada a capacidade virocida utilizando o Fago phT4 como modelo de vírus entéricos e, a capacidade fungicida em ensaios com Aspergillus niger. A DMC-80 FN foi a formulação que apresentou melhor desempenho e estabilidade apresentando menores alterações estruturais após os 90 dias a 40 ºC e com melhores resultados na inativação dos diferentes microrganismos em estudo, sendo sempre mais rápida que a DMC-80 FA. Face aos resultados obtidos propôs-se a comercialização do DMC- 80 FN à Mistolin por ser uma alternativa viável e mais eficiente para os seus clientes.
It is increasingly growing the demand for better and more effective products, capable to combating microbiological contamination in surfaces and materials. In order to combat this problem, Mistolin S.A. created a biocidal product based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and glutaraldehyde called DMC-80. This product has a slightly pink coloration and a very acidic pH. In the present work it was made a comparison of the DMC-80 with some existing commercial biocidal products, considering its main characteristics. The characterization of the current formula (FA) of DMC-80 showed that its acidic pH could be a problem for the user during the product handling. Therefore, two formulations of the product were tested, the original with acid pH and a new formula (FN) with more neutral pH. In the first phase, the stability of the formulations was tested by a simulated storage conditions (40 ° C for 90 days). Using FTIR, correlations obtained were over 95% between the spectrum acquired in the last day of study and the spectrum of the initial day, meaning minor structural changes in the product. In the second phase, the bactericidal capacity of the two DMC- 80 formulations was tested using Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. Virocide ability was also tested using phT4 as model for enteric viruses and fungicidal capacity in Aspergillus niger. The DMC-80 FN was the formulation that presented better performance and stability showing minor structural alterations after 90 days at 40ºC and with better results in the inactivation of the different microorganisms under study, being always faster than the DMC-80 FA. With that results, it was proposed the market introducing of the DMC-80 FN to Mistolin, as a viable and more efficient alternative for its customers.
Leal, Joana Ferreira. "Photo-degradation of contaminants as a way of remediation of aquaculture’s water." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22462.
Full textAs result of an increase in fish consumption and fisheries stagnation, aquaculture is a growing and widespread activity. The increasing density in aquaculture production potentiates the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms, like bacteria, requiring a greater health control, achieved with disinfectants. In some cases, the use of antibiotics may be necessary. In this work, two chemical compounds approved for aquaculture are studied: oxytetracycline (antibiotic) and formalin (disinfectant). In addition to the intentionally introduced compounds, several others reach these water systems indirectly. As example of an indirect contaminant, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was also included in this study. The photo-degradation under sunlight is one of the main routes of natural degradation of contaminants in surface waters and may be an economic process for treatment of contaminated waters before their reuse or discharge. However, this process is influenced by water matrix, namely the nature and concentration of organic matter and salts. Under the direct action of sunlight, BDE-209 and oxytetracycline (OTC) are rapidly degraded. However, in the presence of humic substances (HS), which are the main components of organic matter, the degradation of these two compounds is delayed. While the filter effect of light explains the delay on OTC photo-degradation, in the case of BDE-209, the hydrophobic interactions between the compound and the HS are the main reason for the delay. Salts and pH of marine aquaculture’s water favour the OTC photo-degradation relatively to deionized water. Calcium and magnesium have a strong influence on the kinetics and products of OTC photo-degradation. It should be noted that, in all saline matrices, the products resulting from OTC photo-degradation revealed no biological activity for E. coli, Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp., which is an advantage in what the bacterial resistance to this antibiotic is concerned. Formalin (aqueous formaldehyde) undergoes only indirect photo-degradation. Neat TiO2 and two visible light active TiO2 composites (TiO2–Tetra-phenyl porphyrin and TiO2–Graphene oxide) were tested as photo-catalysts. The combination of TiO2 with graphene oxide was the best choice for formalin degradation, under sunlight. However, the methodology proposed should be optimized in view of its application to marine aquaculture’s waters since the matrix of these waters reduces the photo-catalyst efficiency. In summary, the work carried out and disclosed herein has great application potential, especially in the aquaculture industry, but also in other water systems where these contaminants are present.
A aquacultura é uma atividade em crescente expansão em resultado do aumento do consumo de peixe e da estagnação das pescas. O aumento da densidade de produção em aquacultura potencia o aparecimento de microrganismos patogénicos, como as bactérias, obrigando a um maior controlo sanitário que é feito com desinfetantes. Em alguns casos, pode ser necessário o uso de antibióticos. Neste trabalho são estudados dois compostos químicos autorizados em aquacultura: a oxitetraciclina (antibiótico) e a formalina (desinfetante). Além dos compostos introduzidos intencionalmente, existem outros que, por via indireta, atingem estes sistemas aquáticos. Como exemplo de um contaminante indireto, o éter deca-bromodifenilo (BDE-209) foi também incluído neste estudo. A foto-degradação com luz solar é uma das principais vias de degradação natural de contaminantes em águas superficiais e pode constituir uma via económica para o tratamento de águas contaminadas antes da sua descarga ou reutilização. Contudo, este é um processo influenciado pela matriz das águas, nomeadamente pela concentração e natureza da matéria orgânica e pelos sais. Sob a ação direta da luz solar, o BDE-209 e a oxitetraciclina (OTC) são degradados rapidamente. Contudo, na presença de substâncias húmicas (HS), que são as principais componentes da matéria orgânica, a degradação de ambos é retardada. Enquanto o efeito de filtro da luz explica o atraso da foto-degradação da OTC, no caso do BDE-209, as interações hidrofóbicas entre o composto e as HS são a razão principal desse atraso. Os sais e o pH das águas de aquacultura marinha favorecem a foto-degradação da OTC relativamente à água desionizada. O cálcio e o magnésio têm uma forte influência na cinética e nos produtos de foto-degradação da OTC. Importa salientar que, em todas as matrizes salinas, os produtos resultantes da foto-degradação da OTC não revelaram atividade biológica para a E. coli, Aeromonas sp. e Vibrio sp., o que é uma vantagem no que diz respeito à resistência bacteriana a este antibiótico. A formalina (formaldeído aquoso) apenas sofre foto-degradação indireta. O TiO2 puro e dois compósitos de TiO2 ativos na zona visível (TiO2–Tetra-fenilo porfirina e TiO2–óxido de grafeno) foram testados como foto-catalisadores. A conjugação de TiO2 com óxido de grafeno revelou-se a melhor escolha para a degradação da formalina, usando luz solar. Contudo, a metodologia proposta deverá ser otimizada com vista à sua aplicação a águas de aquacultura marinha, uma vez que a matriz destas águas reduz a eficiência do foto-catalisador. Em suma, o trabalho desenvolvido e aqui apresentado tem grande potencialidade de aplicação, em particular no setor da aquacultura, mas também em outros sistemas aquáticos onde estes contaminantes estejam presentes.
Kettani, Chakib. "L'eau de javel, un desinfectant et antiseptique toujours d'actualite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M056.
Full textHAMMER, SYLVIE. "Les substances virucides : methodes d'etude et applications." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR15024.
Full textHinostroza, Acosta Ana Sofia, Alegria Katherine Renee Leia Jaimes, Nieves Carol Elizabeth Chue, Serrano Jacqueline Vasquez, and Mendoza Ismael Agustin Burga. "Plan de negocios para la introducción de un limpiador desinfectante multiusos eco amigable." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/631320.
Full textIn this Thesis assesses the feasibility and feasibility of the introduction of a new product Eco-friendly Multi-purpose Disinfectant Cleaner. According to the Global Study on Household Cleaning in Peru, the frequency with which Peruvians clean their homes is mostly daily; followed by weekly and in smaller quantity with a monthly frequency. Both men and women share responsibility in cleaning the home and more than half of the households in the upper middle segment make purchases in supermarkets. These users use specialized products for cleaning and disinfection that are not Eco friendly and based on our study, we have found that if they want to acquire it. To validate the business idea, a quantitative survey was carried out, the primary source was made up of 269 surveys that, according to the analysis of the results, we can conclude that the development of Green Spartan is viable, since the value proposition is attractive to the target audience in addition, the manufacturing price of the product allows us to have a profit margin over the sales price indicated by our target audience. As a value proposition, our ecological disinfectant cleaner is the only one in the market capable of cleaning and disinfecting in one step. It is biodegradable, safe for the family and the planet. In addition, it is made with components that do not generate polluting waste. As rational benefits, users experience that their cleaning needs can be met with an efficient ecological disinfectant cleaner and at the same time they are sure that it does not harm their family and the environment. As emotional benefits users perceive a sense of well-being and social commitment to the planet, they are aware that using a product that cleans and disinfects without causing harm positively contributes to the world and your home. In the financial analysis we see that, based on our sales projection, calculated to achieve a coverage of 10% of the target market, we see that having the installed capacity and not having the need for leverage, we achieve an TIR of 84%, When the company's COK is 10.8%, in the same way in the pessimistic scenario we can see that the TIR is higher than the COK, the VPN of the product launch with the 10% market is S /. 2,839,805.84, its launch is quite attractive for Spartan Chemical.
Trabajo de investigación
Arriagada, Ojeda Tamara Andrea. "Efecto biocida de un desinfectante de uso industrial sobre diferentes cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105583.
Full textExiste una gran oferta de productos detergentes y desinfectantes, que aplicados en adecuados programas de sanitización, ayudarían a prevenir y reducir la contaminación microbiológica presente en las plantas elaboradoras de alimentos, sin embargo en muchos casos no se ha realizado una validación experimental adecuada del efecto esperado. Es por ello que se realizó un estudio in vitro de la actividad germicida de un producto compuesto por cloruro de alquildimetil benzilamonio, glutaraldehído, glioxal, formaldehído, isopropanol y excipientes, a distintas concentraciones y tiempos, incluidos los recomendados por el fabricante. Se determinó la cinética de muerte de los microorganismos, calculando el % de eficiencia del desinfectante, la velocidad específica de muerte, el tiempo de reducción decimal y el coeficiente de dilución. Las pruebas se realizaron frente a: Escherichia coli salvaje, Staphylococcus aureus salvaje, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. La eficiencia germicida in vitro del desinfectante en el tiempo (5 minutos) y rango de concentración recomendado por el fabricante (0,25% – 0,5%) fue para Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 del 99,999% a la concentración de 0,25%, mientras que para Escherichia coli salvaje, Staphylococcus aureus salvaje y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 se logró la misma eficiencia a la concentración de 0,5%, por lo que, según los resultados obtenidos cumple el Test de Chambers en cuanto a la eficiencia esperada para un buen desinfectante, pero no cumple con los 30 segundos propuestos, ya que se obtiene en tiempos mayores de acción. Los valores de k (velocidad específica de muerte), permiten concluir que Staphylococcus aureus salvaje resultó ser más resistente que el resto de los microorganismos, luego sigue Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli salvaje y finalmente Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, quien resultó tener menor resistencia a la acción germicida del desinfectante
There is a great offer of detergent and disinfectant products, that applied under appropriate sanitization programs, would help to prevent and reduce the microbiological contamination from the food industry. However, in the most of cases an experimental and appropriate validation of the effect of the product, has not been carried out. The present in vitro study was developed in order to determine the germicidal activity of a disinfectant containing alquildimetyl benzylamonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, glioxal, formaldehyde, isopropanol and exicipients, assayed at different concentrations and times, included those recommended by the manufacturer. The kinetics of death of the microorganisms, the % of efficiency of the disinfectant, the specific death rate, the time of decimal reduction and the dilution coefficient were determined. The tests were carried out against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus wild strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. The germicidal efficiency in vitro of the disinfectant at the time (5 minutes) and concentration range recommended by manufacturer (0,25% - 0,5%) was 99,999% for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, specifically at a concentration of 0,25%. For Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus wild strains and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 the same 99,999% of efficiency was achieved when using the product at 0,5%. According to the obtained results, the Chambers test is fulfilled from point of view of the obtained destruction %. Nevertheless, it does not fulfill the 30 seconds proposed, since the efficacy is obtained at other times beyond the 30 seconds. The values of k (specific death rate), allow to conclude that the wild strain of Staphylococcus aureus was more resistant than the other microorganisms. In decreasing order, the resistance of the other microorganisms to the studied disinfectant was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli wild type and finally Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
DUBOURDIEU, VALERIE. "Etude de la desinfection d'un bloc sterile industriel : notions generales et validation d'agents desinfectants destines au bloc." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15006.
Full textMiranda, Tomás Albuquerque. "Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation: comparison between persistent and sporadic strains." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13896.
Full textL. monocytogenes has proven to be persistent in several food industries, with different environmental conditions, including nutritional availability, raising the important question: which is the major factor associated with persistence and can this be related to disinfectant susceptibility. A group of 10 persistent and 10 non persistent strains from different origins were selected and tested for biofilm forming ability using microtiter plate assay crystal violet (CV) and stainless steel coupon (SSC) methods at 25 ºC and 11 ºC for 48 h and 7 days, respectively. Susceptibility of a subset of 12 of these strains was tested by log reduction of cell enumeration from stainless steel coupons exposed to two commercial hydrogen peroxide acidic based disinfectants (P3 OXONIA and MIDIA SAN 315). Results showed no tendency between persistence traits and biofilm forming ability, even though significant differences (p<0.05) were found between both incubation temperatures. Simulation of food industry conditions (cold and nutritional stress) with biofilms on SSC also showed no relation between persistence traits and high biofilm forming ability. Susceptibility results corroborate these results by showing no significant differences in disinfectant susceptibility between persistent and non persistent strains, although P3 OXONIA with acetic and peracetic acid proved to be more effective than MIDIA SAN 315 with citric acid
N/A
Gallardo, Troncoso María Daniela. "Acción antimicrobiana de un desinfectante de uso industrial y doméstico sobre cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105486.
Full textLa desinfección de verduras y frutas es un tratamiento, destinado a reducir la microflora presente en forma natural en estos alimentos o aquella que se incorpora a través de las distintas etapas que ocurren desde su cultivo, hasta que el producto sea expendido y consumido. La desinfección también abarca las superficies y equipos de trabajo, donde se procesan y manipulan alimentos, para así asegurar la inocuidad al consumidor. Se realizó un estudio comparativo in vitro de la actividad germicida de un desinfectante, compuesto por una mezcla de monoéster de propilenglicol, ácido láctico y ácido cítrico, entre otros. Este fue probado a diferentes tiempos de acción y concentraciones, incluyendo la recomendada por el fabricante. Las pruebas se realizaron frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus salvaje y ATCC 29213 y Escherichia coli salvaje y ATCC 25922. Se determinó la cinética de muerte de los microorganismos para así evaluar la eficacia germicida del desinfectante, la velocidad específica de muerte, coeficiente de dilución y el tiempo de reducción de los microorganismos. La eficiencia germicida in vitro del desinfectante a 400 ppm fue de 99,999%, para Escherichia coli salvaje, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 a los 15 minutos, lo cual demuestra que es un buen bactericida, para dichas cepas. Sin embargo, para Staphylococcus aureus salvaje solo se observó un 99,850% de eficacia a la misma concentración y tiempo. Staphylococcus aureus salvaje y ATCC 29213 resultó más resistente que Escherichia coli salvaje y ATCC 25922 lo cual se demuestra por los valores obtenidos para el tiempo de reducción decimal y velocidad específica de muerte
The disinfection of vegetables and fruits is a treatment aimed to reduce the microflora that grows naturally in these foodstuffs or that is incorporated through different occurring stages from cultivation until the product is sold and consumed. Disinfection also must be carried out on the working surfaces and equipments where food is processed and manipulated, to ensure the safety for the consumer. In this study, an in vitro comparative study of the germicide activity of a disinfectant composed of a mixture of monoester of propylene glycol, lactic acid and citric acid among others, was performed. This product was tested at different action times and concentrations, including those recommended by the manufacturer. The tests were carried out against wild type and ATCC strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The evaluated parameters were the kinetics of death of the microorganisms, the germicide efficacy of the disinfectant, the specific death rate, the dilution coefficient and the reduction time of the microorganisms. The in vitro germicide efficiency of the disinfectant at 400 ppm during 15 minutes of contact was 99,999%, for the wild type of Escherichia coli, for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. This fact demonstrates that the disinfectant has a good bactericide effect on the assayed microorganisms; however, for the wild type of Staphylococcus aureus only a 99, 850% of efficacy using the same concentration and time was observed. The wild type of Staphylococcus aureus and the ATCC 29213 strain showed a greater resistance than the two strains of Escherichia coli, which is demonstrated in the results obtained for the decimal reduction time and specific death rate
Ntsama, Mbala-Essomba Claudine. "Mécanismes de résistance aux désinfectants de "Escherichia coli" et de "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" obenus en biofilms." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114825.
Full textALVAREZ, ERIC. "Mesure immunoenzymatique de la denaturation de l'antigene hbs appliquee a l'etude de l'activite desinfectante contre le virus de l'hepatite b." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM049.
Full textGivovich, Díaz Melissa Andrea. "Determinación del coeficiente de dilución de un desinfectante compuesto de amonio cuaternario frente a cepas de interés en productos alimenticios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170364.
Full textEl uso de un compuesto químico antimicrobiano apropiado es fundamental para prevenir el riesgo de contaminaciones por patógenos transmitidos por alimentos. En el mercado existe una amplia variedad de productos desinfectantes destinados al área de alimentos, por lo que es necesario evaluar y asegurar la eficiencia de éstos al emplearlos en las dosis y tiempos recomendados. En este estudio se utilizó un producto desinfectante de uso doméstico, recomendado principalmente para la desinfección de frutas y verduras, el cual tiene como principio activo el cloruro de benzalconio, que es un compuesto de amonio cuaternario, y se evaluó su acción germicida frente a cepas de Listeria innocua (Gram positiva) y Escherichia coli (Gram negativa), a distintas concentraciones (100, 160, 230 ppm) y tiempos de acción (3, 5, 10 min), todo esto con el fin de obtener el coeficiente de dilución (η) de este producto y determinar si este valor difiere para distintos tipos de bacterias. Además, se calculó la eficiencia germicida del desinfectante (E), la velocidad específica de muerte (k) y el tiempo de reducción decimal (TRD). Los resultados mostraron una mayor eficiencia del desinfectante frente a la cepa de L. innocua, logrando una disminución de 5 ciclos logarítmicos a los 3 min de acción a la menor concentración analizada del desinfectante (100 ppm). Mientras que para E. coli a la concentración más alta del desinfectante (230 ppm) al mayor tiempo de acción (10 min) se alcanzó solo una reducción de 4 ciclos logarítmicos. Los valores obtenidos para k y TRD evidenciaron una mayor efectividad del desinfectante frente al microorganismo Gram positivo, donde k fue siempre mayor para la cepa de L. innocua, lo que indica que disminuye a una velocidad mayor su población inicial. En cuanto a η, para E. coli se obtuvo un valor de 1,1, mientras que para L. innocua fue mucho menor, de 0,04, por lo que se comprobó que este valor, para el mismo desinfectante, varía dependiendo del tipo de bacteria analizada
The use of an appropriate antimicrobial chemical compound is fundamental to prevent the risk of contamination by food-transmitted pathogens. There are a wide variety of commercial disinfectants destined for the food area, according to this it is necessary to evaluate and ensure their efficiency when applied at times and concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. In this study, a domestic disinfectant was used, mainly recommended for the disinfection of fruits and vegetables, whose active ingredient is benzalkonium chloride, which is a quaternary ammonium compound. Its germicidal action was evaluated against strains of Listeria innocua (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), at different concentrations (100, 160, 230 ppm) and reaction times (3, 5, 10 min), all of this to obtain the dilution coefficient (η) of this product and determine if this value differs for different types of bacteria. Additionally, the germicidal efficiency of the disinfectant (E), the inactivation rate constant (k) and the decimal reduction time (DRT) were calculated. The results showed a greater efficiency of the disinfectant against the L. innocua strain, managing a decrease of 5 logarithmic cycles for 3 min reaction time at the lowest analysed concentration of the disinfectant (100 ppm). For E. coli a decrease of only 4 logarithmic cycles was achieved when using the highest concentration and the longest reaction time of the disinfectant, that is 230 ppm and 10 min, respectively. The values obtained for k and DRT showed a greater effectiveness of the disinfectant against the Gram-positive microorganism, in which k was always greater for the L. innocua strain, which indicates that its initial population decreases at a higher speed. As to η, for E. coli a value of 1,1 was obtained, whilst for L. innocua it was much lower, only 0,04. According to the obtained values, it can be concluded that for the same disinfectant, η varies depending of the type of bacteria analysed
Laurent, Véronique. "Prévention des infections nosocomiales : application au bon usage des antiseptiques et des désinfectants et à la surveillance des blocs opératoires." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P167.
Full textCervero, Aragó Sílvia. "Eficàcia deIs desinfectants de I'aigua sobre Legionel·la spp. i les seves amebes hostes = Efficiency of water disinfectants against Legionella spp. and their amoeba hosts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128960.
Full textLegionella infections are serious problem which causes concern to health public services in our country. Despite all measures and controls realized, most sporadic cases and outbreaks have been related to drinking water systems that have been subjected to one or more disinfection processes. Legionella spp., not only survive these treatments but multiplied over the distribution system becoming a potential environmental hazard. The main factors that promote Legionella survival and proliferation in water systems are the bacteria biology itself, since Legionella is able to survive under a wide range of environmental conditions, as well as the relationship that Legionella establishes with other microorganisms that live in the same habitat as protozoa. Protozoa, and specifically free-living amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Hartmannella have been described as common inhabitants of drinking water distribution systems. These amoebae survive in front harsh environmental conditions by forming resistant structures called cysts. Amoebae feed mainly on bacteria which are engulfed by phagocitosis and digested intracellularly. However, some of these bacteria have developed some strategies to survive amoebae digestion and some of them, as Legionella are able to use host cellular resources to multiply within it. In addition, as an endosimbiont, Legionella remains protected from disinfectants which could lead to a rapid recolonization of water distribution systems once disinfection treatments have been applied. Three of the most commonly used water disinfectants in Europe for drinking water treatment are chlorine, temperature and UV radiation. Although its use is regulated by many national guidelines, its efficacy relies mainly on bacterial inactivation without considering other microorganisms such as free living amoebae and its relationships with other microorganisms as Legionella. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of these three water disinfectants applying the same study conditions, on Legionella spp.; free-living amoebae considering its two life stages; and on the simbionts between Legionella and Acanthamoeba. First of all, several strains of Legionella spp., and free-living amoebae from different origins (environmental and from culture collections) were obtained and culture protocols were optimized, especially for free-living amoebae. Second, test conditions were established for each of the disinfectants and a quantitative method was implemented in order to compare cell viability after every disinfection treatment. Finally, to see whether the association between Legionella and Acanthamoeba modifies the effectiveness of the three disinfectants towards these two types of microorganisms, co-cultures of Legionella and Acanthamoeba were realized. Co-culture formation was monitored by using a FISH method, which led us observe how axenic Legionella changed to an intracellular state within Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Analyzing the susceptibility of the Legionella spp. strains; free-living amoebae strains, either trophozoites and cysts stages; as well as Legionella as an Acanthamoeba endosymbiont, for each of the treatments applied, inactivation kinetics models were proposed. Results obtained were compared with studies published by other authors and final conclusions were considered. Results showed that, chlorine, temperature and UV radiation have a disinfectant effect on the different Legionella strains used, as well as on free living amoebae. Differences on the disinfectant effect could be atributted to disinfectant concentration, exposure time and strain intrinsic characteristics. Regarding free living amoeba, trophozoites and cysts had a significantly different behaviour, being trophozoites more sensitive to disinfectants than cysts. Finally, L. pneumophila as and endosymbiont of amoeba strains showed a greater resistance to disinfectant compared with the axenic state. Because of that, when applying disinfections treatments, the complex ecology of Legionella as an amoeba endosymbiont should be considered in order to prevent a system recolonization.
Cervero, Aragó Sílvia. "Eficàcia deIs desinfectants de I'aigua sobre Legionel.la spp. i les seves amebes hostes = Efficiency of water disinfectants against Legionella spp. and their amoeba hosts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128960.
Full textLegionella infections are serious problem which causes concern to health public services in our country. Despite all measures and controls realized, most sporadic cases and outbreaks have been related to drinking water systems that have been subjected to one or more disinfection processes. Legionella spp., not only survive these treatments but multiplied over the distribution system becoming a potential environmental hazard. The main factors that promote Legionella survival and proliferation in water systems are the bacteria biology itself, since Legionella is able to survive under a wide range of environmental conditions, as well as the relationship that Legionella establishes with other microorganisms that live in the same habitat as protozoa. Protozoa, and specifically free-living amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Hartmannella have been described as common inhabitants of drinking water distribution systems. These amoebae survive in front harsh environmental conditions by forming resistant structures called cysts. Amoebae feed mainly on bacteria which are engulfed by phagocitosis and digested intracellularly. However, some of these bacteria have developed some strategies to survive amoebae digestion and some of them, as Legionella are able to use host cellular resources to multiply within it. In addition, as an endosimbiont, Legionella remains protected from disinfectants which could lead to a rapid recolonization of water distribution systems once disinfection treatments have been applied. Three of the most commonly used water disinfectants in Europe for drinking water treatment are chlorine, temperature and UV radiation. Although its use is regulated by many national guidelines, its efficacy relies mainly on bacterial inactivation without considering other microorganisms such as free living amoebae and its relationships with other microorganisms as Legionella. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of these three water disinfectants applying the same study conditions, on Legionella spp.; free-living amoebae considering its two life stages; and on the simbionts between Legionella and Acanthamoeba. First of all, several strains of Legionella spp., and free-living amoebae from different origins (environmental and from culture collections) were obtained and culture protocols were optimized, especially for free-living amoebae. Second, test conditions were established for each of the disinfectants and a quantitative method was implemented in order to compare cell viability after every disinfection treatment. Finally, to see whether the association between Legionella and Acanthamoeba modifies the effectiveness of the three disinfectants towards these two types of microorganisms, co-cultures of Legionella and Acanthamoeba were realized. Co-culture formation was monitored by using a FISH method, which led us observe how axenic Legionella changed to an intracellular state within Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Analyzing the susceptibility of the Legionella spp. strains; free-living amoebae strains, either trophozoites and cysts stages; as well as Legionella as an Acanthamoeba endosymbiont, for each of the treatments applied, inactivation kinetics models were proposed. Results obtained were compared with studies published by other authors and final conclusions were considered. Results showed that, chlorine, temperature and UV radiation have a disinfectant effect on the different Legionella strains used, as well as on free living amoebae. Differences on the disinfectant effect could be atributted to disinfectant concentration, exposure time and strain intrinsic characteristics. Regarding free living amoeba, trophozoites and cysts had a significantly different behaviour, being trophozoites more sensitive to disinfectants than cysts. Finally, L. pneumophila as and endosymbiont of amoeba strains showed a greater resistance to disinfectant compared with the axenic state. Because of that, when applying disinfections treatments, the complex ecology of Legionella as an amoeba endosymbiont should be considered in order to prevent a system recolonization.
Yamane, Luciana Harue. "Avaliação da higienização do resíduo de caixa de areia de estações de tratamento de esgoto operadas pela CESAN." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6137.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The process of treatment for wastewater produces solid waste that need to be constantly removed for to keep the treatment s efficiency, amongst it, the waste deposited in the deep of the grit removal. The grit removal has the objective of to remove from wastewater the grit and others particulas, including the organics, presents in the wastewater in nature, that to be dragged to the deep by sedimentation process. Although not to be to receive had importance, a time that is to embed this waste in ditches or to make use in the ground without treatment, currently, this waste it is starting to be a problem in management of stations in what it is mentioned to handle, treatment and final destination, had requirements by sanitation s companies. Had necessity of to search new sources of attainment of grit, the grit removal waste it could be an option to be use in the civil construction since either carried through the disinfection of the material. The objective this work it was to evaluate the efficiency of the lime stabilization and the natural insolation in the disinfection of the grit removal waste through evaluation in the reduction of the bacteria to coliform group and helmintos eggs. The methodology used in this work has 2 stages. In the first stage, Preliminary Study, search to know the physics and microbiological characteristic s of the grit, to develop procedures to collect and mount of the experiments and to test process of disinfection through to lime stabilization, chlorination and natural insolation. In the second stage, Pilot Study, evaluated the efficiency to lime stabilization in the disinfection through of the repetition to experiments. As results, the lime stabilization to leave of the dosage to 10% it can be considered efficient in removal to bacterial and helmintos eggs after one week of the treatment and the dosage to leave to 15% efficient after 48 hours of the treatment and the preliminary analysis searching to use the disinfection grit demonstrate to be viable your application in the civil construction and guarantee the security in the handle, transport and final destination.
O processo de tratamento de esgoto doméstico gera resíduos sólidos que precisam ser constantemente removidos afim de se manter a eficiência do tratamento, dentre eles, o resíduo depositado no fundo das caixas de areia. A caixa de areia tem como objetivo remover do esgoto areia e outras partículas, incluindo as orgânicas, presentes no esgoto in natura, que através do processo de sedimentação são arrastadas para o fundo. Apesar de não receber a devida importância, uma vez que a prática é enterrar este resíduo em valas ou dispor no solo sem tratamento, atualmente, este resíduo passou a ser considerado um problema no gerenciamento de estações no que se refere ao manuseio, tratamento e destinação final, devido a exigências por parte das empresas de saneamento. Visto a necessidade de buscar novas fontes de obtenção de areia, o resíduo de caixa de areia poderia ser uma opção a ser utilizada na construção civil desde que seja realizada a higienização prévia do material. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da caleagem e da insolação natural na higienização do resíduo de caixa de areia através da avaliação da redução de bactérias do grupo coliforme e de ovos de helmintos. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho possui 2 etapas. Na primeira etapa, Estudos Preliminares, buscou-se conhecer as características físicas e microbiológicas da areia, desenvolver procedimentos de coleta e montagem dos experimentos e testar processos de higienização através da caleagem, cloração e insolação natural. Na segunda etapa, Estudo Piloto, avaliou-se a eficiência da caleagem na higienização através da repetição de experimentos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar a eficiência da caleagem na higienização do resíduo de caixa de areia a partir da dosagem de 10% pode ser considerada eficiente na remoção de bactérias e ovos de helmintos após uma semana de tratamento e a dosagem a partir de 15% eficiente após 48 horas de tratamento e as análises preliminares visando utilizar a areia higienizada demonstram ser viável sua aplicação na construção civil sob o ponto de vista sanitário, e garantem a segurança do manuseio, transporte e destinação final.
Bourdon, Olivier. "Achats de consommables médicaux : application aux antiseptiques et aux désinfectants à l'Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P214.
Full textSegalen, Laure. "Bloc stérile : conception, maîtrise et validation microbiologique concernant les désinfectants et les tenues du personnel." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P096.
Full textPellízzaro, Delíse [UNESP]. "Efetividade da escovação com diferentes agentes de limpeza de próteses na redução da viabilidade de biofilme in vitro da candida albicans." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97280.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Candida albicans tem sido considerada o principal agente etiológico da estomatite protética, uma das infecções mais comumente observadas em pacientes usuários de próteses removíveis. A adesão de C. albicans à superfície das próteses é o primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento da estomatite protética. Assim, uma adequada higienização das próteses é essencial para prevenir a formação de biofilme microbiano sobre a superfície protética e, conseqüentemente, o início e propagação desta infecção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da escovação com diferentes soluções (água destilada, dentifrício, digluconato de clorexidina a 2%, hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e Polident fresh cleanse®) na redução da viabilidade de um biofilme maduro de C. albicans, desenvolvido sobre uma resina termopolimerizável para base de prótese. Para isso, 90 corpos-de-prova circulares foram confeccionados, esterilizados e inoculados com uma suspensão de 107 células/mL de C. albicans. Para a formação do biofilme, todos os corpos-de-prova foram incubados por 48 h a 37 °C sob agitação. A seguir, os corpos-de-prova foram aleatoriamente divididos (n=9) e individualmente submetidos à escovação ou exposição por 90 s nas diferentes soluções avaliadas. Os espécimes imersos em água destilada pelo mesmo período de tempo foram utilizados como controle positivo. Para verificar a efetividade da escovação e dos agentes de limpeza, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos à avaliação da atividade metabólica das células não removidas de C. albicans por meio do teste do XTT. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (α=0.05). A escovação com todos os agentes de limpeza apresentou redução significativamente superior (p<0,0001) na viabilidade do biofilme quando comparada à exposição dos corpos-de-prova...
The adhesion of C. albicans to surfaces is the prerequisite for occurrence of denture stomatitis, a common disease diagnosed among denture wearers. Therefore, a strict routine of denture cleansing is essential to prevent biofilm formation on the acrylic denture surface and the onset of this infection. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining toothbrushing and cleansing agents (dentifrice, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and Polident fresh cleanse®) in inactivating C. albicans biofilm. Circular specimens (10 x 2 mm) of acrylic resin denture base material were made, sterilized, and individually inoculated with C. albicans (1x107 colony-forming units/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 10 experimental groups (n=9): 5 subjected to toothbrushing with different cleansing agents and 4 exposed to the cleansing agents without toothbrushing. Non–cleansed specimens were used as positive controls. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparative analysis between the two methods of cleansing and the cleansing agents, respectively (α=0.05). Toothbrushing with all agents was significantly more effective (p<0.0001) in reducing biofilm viability than exposure to the cleansing agents only. Exposure to all cleansing agents reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the biofilm viability, with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate being most effective (p<0.0001). Toothbrushing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% sodium hypochlorite resulted in 100% inactivation of the biofilm. The use of cleansing agents as an adjunct to toothbrushing is an effective method to reduce C. albicans biofilm viability on denture base resins.
Campos, Felipe Lopes. "Atividade de desinfetantes e de extrações de plantas Medicinais no sul do brasil sobre cepas de candida padrão e Isoladas em mastite bovina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101662.
Full textWhen faced with problems related to the conditions of human or animal health,, specifically infectious diseases, human beings of diverse cultures produce knowledge and resources to quenching them. This recognition has attracted the interest of researchers to develop ethnographic studies, as it happens here in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, aiming at the survey of medicinal plants used by different communities. The possibility of finding native plants with antimicrobial property constitutes a major challenge especially in a moment with reports of microrganisms resistance to several drugs and conventional disinfectants. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Disinfectant activity of medicinal plants from Rio Grande do Sul and the fungicidal activity of conventional disinfectants. The Candida strains used was Candida albicans ATCC and Candida spp strains isolated from bovine mastitis cases (21 isolates of Candida krusei, nine isolates of Candida rugosa and one isolate of Candida albicans). The plants were selected by bibliographic research related to ethnographic studies in Rio Grande do Sul. Later, it was performed screening of decoction and hydrated hydroethanolic extract (HE), obtained by maceration hydroethanol 70 º GL, dealcoholized and hydrated to the initial volume, in the proportion 5 g/100 mL, front standard Candida albicans population densities of 105, 104 and 103 CFU.mL-1, in a contact time of 1 h and 24 h. After screening, the selected plant was “Macela” Achyrocline saitureioides. The hydrated hydroethanolic extract of Achyrocline saitureioides was tested front isolates with the same population densities used in screening and the time of contact begin at 15 minutes until the time that does not observe growth of colonies. The disinfectants iodophor (I) and quaternary amonium (QAC - cetyl trimethylammonium chloride), at concentrations 100%, 50% and 25%, were confronted with standard strain and 31 isolates from mastitis cases, population density of the initial inoculum was 106 CFU /mL, for contact times of 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The method used was dilution by the quantitative suspension test for evaluation of fungicidal and yeasticidal activities of Disinfectants and Antiseptics Chemicals. The decoction form does not present logarithimic reduction of tested population densities, at the recommended time and HE demonstrated logarithimic reduction; Marcela inhibited the growth of the standard strain within the first hour of contact and because of that it was chosen to the tests on isolates. Isolates showed inactivation between 30 minutes to 12 hours of contact time. It was observed that the lowest concentrations of the conventional disinfectants, at the lowest time of contact, inactivated all tested yeasts, as it was expected. Regarding the performance of Achyrocline satureioides, the extract (5g/mL) presented action that allows us to use it in the control of population density of the yeast Candida spp.
Pellizzaro, Delise. "Efetividade da escovação com diferentes agentes de limpeza de próteses na redução da viabilidade de biofilme in vitro da candida albicans /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97280.
Full textBanca: Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo
Banca: Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva
Resumo: A Candida albicans tem sido considerada o principal agente etiológico da estomatite protética, uma das infecções mais comumente observadas em pacientes usuários de próteses removíveis. A adesão de C. albicans à superfície das próteses é o primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento da estomatite protética. Assim, uma adequada higienização das próteses é essencial para prevenir a formação de biofilme microbiano sobre a superfície protética e, conseqüentemente, o início e propagação desta infecção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da escovação com diferentes soluções (água destilada, dentifrício, digluconato de clorexidina a 2%, hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e Polident fresh cleanse®) na redução da viabilidade de um biofilme maduro de C. albicans, desenvolvido sobre uma resina termopolimerizável para base de prótese. Para isso, 90 corpos-de-prova circulares foram confeccionados, esterilizados e inoculados com uma suspensão de 107 células/mL de C. albicans. Para a formação do biofilme, todos os corpos-de-prova foram incubados por 48 h a 37 °C sob agitação. A seguir, os corpos-de-prova foram aleatoriamente divididos (n=9) e individualmente submetidos à escovação ou exposição por 90 s nas diferentes soluções avaliadas. Os espécimes imersos em água destilada pelo mesmo período de tempo foram utilizados como controle positivo. Para verificar a efetividade da escovação e dos agentes de limpeza, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos à avaliação da atividade metabólica das células não removidas de C. albicans por meio do teste do XTT. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (α=0.05). A escovação com todos os agentes de limpeza apresentou redução significativamente superior (p<0,0001) na viabilidade do biofilme quando comparada à exposição dos corpos-de-prova... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The adhesion of C. albicans to surfaces is the prerequisite for occurrence of denture stomatitis, a common disease diagnosed among denture wearers. Therefore, a strict routine of denture cleansing is essential to prevent biofilm formation on the acrylic denture surface and the onset of this infection. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining toothbrushing and cleansing agents (dentifrice, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and Polident fresh cleanse®) in inactivating C. albicans biofilm. Circular specimens (10 x 2 mm) of acrylic resin denture base material were made, sterilized, and individually inoculated with C. albicans (1x107 colony-forming units/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 10 experimental groups (n=9): 5 subjected to toothbrushing with different cleansing agents and 4 exposed to the cleansing agents without toothbrushing. Non-cleansed specimens were used as positive controls. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparative analysis between the two methods of cleansing and the cleansing agents, respectively (α=0.05). Toothbrushing with all agents was significantly more effective (p<0.0001) in reducing biofilm viability than exposure to the cleansing agents only. Exposure to all cleansing agents reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the biofilm viability, with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate being most effective (p<0.0001). Toothbrushing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% sodium hypochlorite resulted in 100% inactivation of the biofilm. The use of cleansing agents as an adjunct to toothbrushing is an effective method to reduce C. albicans biofilm viability on denture base resins.
Mestre
Pires, Eugénia Maria Santos Dias da Conceição do Rosário. "Comparação dos métodos de análise utilizados para a determinação de cloro residual livre na água destinada ao consumo humano, pelos analisadores online, fotómetros portáteis e espetrofotómetro UV-VIS." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/42461.
Full textA água é essencial à sobrevivência dos seres vivos. Ao ser um excelente solvente, permite a dissolução de elementos químicos e o aparecimento de inúmeras impurezas, várias delas inócuas, mas algumas potencialmente perigosas e mesmo nocivas, como sejam, vírus, bactérias, parasitas, substâncias tóxicas e elementos radioativos, sendo necessário realizar o seu tratamento e desinfeção de modo a dotá-la com as características de qualidade próprias para consumo humano. O cloro é o desinfetante químico mais utilizado para esse fim, deixando em solução um residual que pode ser facilmente monitorizado recorrendo a analisadores em contínuo (online), ou a equipamento de medição portátil (fotómetros), possibilitando assegurar o controlo operacional do processo de desinfeção e o controlo legal. O objetivo deste trabalho, é demonstrar a equivalência dos métodos analíticos utilizados nos analisadores online, fotómetros portáteis e espectrofotómetro Ultravioleta-Visível, para a determinação de cloro residual livre em água destinada ao consumo humano. Todos os três métodos analíticos têm por base a N-N-dietil-p-fenilenodiamina, que reage instantaneamente com o cloro livre existente na água, desenvolvendo uma cor magenta, cuja intensidade é proporcional ao cloro residual livre da amostra. A metodologia seguida, baseou-se na recolha e tratamento estatístico dos valores de cloro residual livre obtidos no ano de 2015 em 390 amostras, distribuídas por 4 pontos ao longo do sistema de tratamento e distribuição de água (estação de tratamento água, sistema de adução, distribuição em alta e distribuição em baixa) e analisadas simultaneamente nos analisadores online e fotómetros portáteis. Estes últimos, são utilizados na verificação dos online e encontram-se rastreados ao método analítico de bancada, considerado como método de referência, e que utiliza como equipamento o espetrofotómetro Ultravioleta- Visível. Os testes estatísticos aplicados para a comparação dos métodos, basearam-se em testes de hipótese e no teste de regressão linear, permitindo demonstrar, que estatisticamente os métodos são concordantes, não apresentando diferenças significativas no seu desempenho, para um nível de confiança de 95%, podendo-se assim concluir a sua equivalência.
Water is essential to the survival of living beings. Being an excellent solvent, it dissolves chemical elements and leads to the appearance of countless impurities, many of them harmless, but also some which are potentially dangerous and even toxic, containing viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxic substances and radioactive elements. These need to be treated and disinfected in order to be fit for human consumption. Chlorine is the most widely used chemical disinfectant. When dissolved it leaves a residue which is easily monitored through the use of continuous analysers (online), or portable measuring equipment (photometers), ensuring the operational control of the disinfection process as well as legal. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the equivalence of the analysis methods used in online analysers, portable photometers and Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer, in determining the free residual chlorine in water destined for human consumption. All three methods are based on the N-N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, which reacts instantly to free residual chlorine, turning magenta, the shade varying in intensity proportionally to the level of chlorine in the sample. The methodology of the research was data collection and statistical processing of the data on levels of free residual chlorine found in 390 samples analysed in 2015, from 4 different points along the water treatment and distribution system (water treatment plant, adduction system, high-level distribution and low-level distribution) which were measured using both online analyzers and portable photometers. The latter are used to verify the results provided by the former, and are tracked with the laboratory analytical method, which is carried out with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer and is regarded as the most accurate method. The statistical tests applied when comparing methods were based on hypothesis tests and the linear regression test, and led to the conclusion the methods are statistically in agreement and do not show significant discrepancies in their results. This amounts to a 95% confidence level, and thus their equivalence is demonstrated.
Martins, Marisa Ferreira. "Avaliação da eficácia de desinfetantes e produtos de limpeza de superfícies usados em restaurantes em Portugal em biofilmes de Salmonella enterica." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35385.
Full textSalmonella enterica é um microrganismo patogénico com grande expressão a nível mundial, tanto em países em desenvolvimento como industrializados. É responsável por inúmeros surtos de infeções intestinais, e é transmitido através de alimentos, especialmente de origem animal. O intestino de animais constitui o principal reservatório. S. enterica possui a capacidade de formar biofilmes, que lhe permite sobreviver a ambientes adversos. Os biofilmes podem ser encontrados na maioria dos ambientes, inclusivamente nos ambientes de processamento de alimentos, aumentando a probabilidade de contaminação dos mesmos e prejudicando a segurança dos produtos. Além disso, podem provocar outros problemas como bloqueios nas tubagens e degradação dos materiais. Devido à adesão às superfícies, são resistentes face a produtos antimicrobianos, dificultando o processo de limpeza e desinfeção e constituindo uma contínua fonte de contaminação dos alimentos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a formação de biofilmes de diferentes serotipos de salmonela e diferentes isolados do serotipo Typhimurium, e determinar a sua resistência a desinfetantes, nomeadamente etanol 70 % e hipoclorito 12-16 %, e dois produtos de limpeza de superfícies usados em Portugal em restaurantes, designadamente o DMP-30 e o DLL-B ambos diluídos para 5 % em água estéril. A formação de biofilme foi avaliada recorrendo ao método de cristal de violeta em microplacas de 96 poços, e a relação genética dos isolados de S. Typhimurium foi determinada por electroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade de formação de biofilme varia não só entre os diferentes serotipos estudados, mas também entre isolados do mesmo serotipo. Quanto à resistência aos produtos testados, observou-se que na generalidade o produto mais eficaz é o hipoclorito 12-16 % e o menos eficaz é o etanol 70 %, embora haja variações consoante as estirpes da bactéria. Além disso, a idade dos biofilmes influencia a eficácia dos desinfetantes. Os biofilmes com maior idade (48 h) parecem apresentar uma maior resistência aos produtos aplicados. O tempo de atuação do desinfetante revelou-se importante, quer com biofilmes de 24 h quer de 48 h. Os produtos foram mais eficazes quando aplicados durante mais tempo (30 min versus 5 min). Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de otimizar um protocolo de avaliação da atuação de desinfetantes em biofilmes de S. enterica.
Salmonella enterica is a pathogen with high expression in the world, both in developing and industrialized countries. It is responsible for several outbreaks of intestinal infections, and is transmitted through food, especially of animal origin. The intestine of animals is the main reservoir. S. enterica has the ability to form biofilms, which allows it to survive in adverse environments. Biofilms can be found in most environments, including in food processing environments, increasing the possibility of food contamination and reducing product safety. Moreover, they can cause other problems such as blockages in pipes and degradation of materials. Due to its adherence to surfaces, they are resistant against antimicrobial products, making more difficult the process of cleaning and disinfection and constituting a continuous source of food contamination. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of biofilm formation of different serotypes and diverse isolates from Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, and measure their resistance to disinfectants, namely to ethanol 70% and hypochlorite 12-16%, and two cleaning surfaces products used in Portuguese restaurants, DMP-30 and DLL- B both diluted to 5 % in sterile water. The biofilm formation was evaluated using the crystal violet assay in a 96-well microtitter plate and genetic relationship of S. Typhimurium strains was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed that the ability to form biofilm varies not only between the different serotypes used in the study, but also between isolates from the same serotype. Regarding the resistance to the products, it was observed that generally the most effective product is sodium hypochlorite 12-16% while ethanol 70% is the less effective, although there are variations depending on bacteria strains. Also, the age of the biofilm influences the effectiveness of disinfectants. Biofilms with higher age (48 h) appear to have greater resistance to the applied products. The operating time of the disinfectant is also important, either with biofilms of 24 h or 48 h. The products were more effective when applied for longer time (30 min vs 5 min). The results suggest the need to optimize a protocol for evaluating the performance of disinfectants on biofilms of S. enterica.
Serapicos, Eduarda Sofia Arrepia Costa. "Prevalência da resistência a antibióticos, metais e desinfectantes em isolados de Staphylococcus provenientes de uma etar municipal." Dissertação, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11594.
Full text