Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Désirabilité'
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Le, Barbenchon Emmanuelle. "Désirabilité et utilité sociale de l'optimisme." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2040.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study self and comparative optimism as a socially useful response. The first chapter reviews definitions and measures of optimism, before presenting their explanations, most of them cognitive and motivationnal. We then develop the interpretation of optimism as a social response, adjusted to occidental societies, related to favorable self-presentation strategies, aiming for social approval or for being socially accepted. In chapter 2, this interpretation is investigated within the framework of the social value point of view proposed by Beauvois (1995) and Dubois (1994, 2003). The desirable character of optimism appears to be only weakly consistant. On the other hand, its characteristic of social utility has theoretical grounding, eventhough it lacks empirical grounding. In chapters 3 and 4, we experimentally test the hypothesis of optimism as a socially useful response. Results of the first 5 experiments, using the judges paradigm, show that optimistic persons are evaluated more strongly on the dimension of social utility than on the dimension of desirability, with this effect being stronger than for weakly optimistic or pessimistic persons. The next 4 experiments used an identification or a self-presentation paradigm. Results show that optimism is associated with socially useful self-presentation strategies. The discussion of all the results obtained in this thesis suggests that both self and comparative optimism represent more socially useful than socially desirable response patterns
Frenette, Éric. "Estimation de la dimensionalité de l'échelle de désirabilité sociale de Paulhus." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3375/1/000658941.pdf.
Full textGrimault, Valérie. "La dichotomie entre les jugements d’utilité et de désirabilité relative aux normes sociales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100133/document.
Full textLiterature teaches us that certain norms are anchored in utility, others in desirability. For norms rooted in utility, many experimental studies have examined the valuation engendered by their compliance and some research has shown a lack of depreciation in case of non- compliance. In contrast, for norms rooted in desirability, researchers are primarily interested in the devaluation caused by their non-compliance. We make the main hypothesis that compliance with the norms embedded in utility leads us to be essentially socially valued, while those norms embedded in desirability would certainly allow us not to be socially devalued. For norms anchored in utility, we chose to study the norms of internality and self-sufficiency, known for their anchorage in utility, as well as conscientious behaviors which as our results suggest, constitute a social norm anchored in utility. Seven empirical researches have shown that these norms related to utility have more to do with valuation than devaluation. For norms rooted in desirability, we selected the behavioral norms of politeness and respect for the environment. Four other experimental studies support the theory that these norms related to the desirability have more to do with devaluation that valuation. Our main hypothesis has thus been verified
Mazilescu, Crisanta-Alina. "Utilité et désirabilité sociales des dimensions personnologiques et des informations sur ces dimensions." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100073.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the social value of information and of personological dimensions. The first part consists of a proposal of theories on three concepts : personality, values and information ; chapter 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The second part, which contains eight chapters, is to present six studies that we have done in order to study the desirability and social utility of the descriptors and information about these descriptors. In this sense we use descriptors out of the free descriptions and descriptors of the Big Five. Chapter 4 discusses dimensional typologies outlined by the self and hetero-spontaneous descriptions and provides the basis of chapters 5, 6 and 7, where we analyzed separately, but also comparatively the social value of personological descriptors evoked spontaneously and information on these descriptors. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 contains further analysis using the same social value of personological descriptors, but this time we have used the descriptors of the Big Five. Finally, chapter 11 placed in correspondence the chapters 5-7 with the chapter 8-10. The results obtained confirm that the personality descriptors (natural descriptors or the descriptors output of a theoretical model) are not neutral, but carry a social valence, positive or negative valence indicating desirability and / or social utility. Personality descriptors would be a surface structure, masking an attribution process of social value
Cambon, Laurent. "Désirabilité et utilité sociale, deux composantes de la valeur : une exemplification dans l'analyse des professions." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20003.
Full textBouchard, Caroline. "Contribution de la désirabilité sociale et de l'irritabilité de l'enfant dans la perception maternelle de l'attachement." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3134/1/000671515.pdf.
Full textAelenei, Maria-Cristina. "Inégalités de genre dans le système éducatif : une hypothèse de décalage culturel sur deux dimensions, la désirabilité sociale et l’utilité sociale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20008.
Full textThe aim of the present research program is to propose an explicative integrative model in order to concomitantly address the girls’ superiority in school as well as their less successful career in higher education.We propose that the educative system, as a social system, has its own culture to which the students have to adapt and in which they have to succeed. We hypothesize that the axiological profile of a student more likely to be positively evaluated in school is framed in terms of self-transcendence values (i.e., indulgence, cooperation, helping), creating a cultural mismatch for boys, whereas the axiological profile of a student more likely to be positively evaluated in higher education is based on self – enhancement values (i.e., ambition, competitiveness, dominance), creating a cultural mismatch for girls. This positive evaluation is considered on two underlying dimensions: social desirability (i.e., perceived likability) and social utility (i.e., perceived chances of succeeding in a social system).Study 1 demonstrates that teachers consider the self – transcendence values as being both useful and desirable in school, whereas they assign to self – enhancement values high social utility in the society context. Study 2 and 3 corroborate that the values associated with the school - context are more self – transcendence values and less self – enhancement values. Moreover, they suggest that boys experiment less identity coherence in transitioning from home to school. Finally, study 4 documents a positive relation between self – transcendence values endorsement and school achievement, specifically for boys.Study 5 illustrates that students consider self – transcendence values as underlying a positive evaluation in higher education in terms of social desirability, but negative in terms of perceived chances of succeeding (i.e., social utility). Similarly, they assign a positive evaluation to self – enhancement values in terms of social utility, but a negative one in terms of social desirability. Study 6 reveals that women are more likely than men to endorse self-transcendence values, whereas men are more likely than women to endorse self-enhancement values thereby implying a misfit for women in terms of social utility. Finally, studies 7 and 8 provide evidence that depicting self-enhancement values (versus self-transcendence values) as useful for succeeding (i.e., social utility) undermine female students’, but not male students’ expected sense of belonging, anticipated self-efficacy, and ultimately the academic choices
Schiffler, Frédéric. "De la valeur sociale des personnes à celle des objets : étude expérimentale de la généralisation de l'utilité et de la désirabilité sociales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0178/document.
Full textFollowing evaluative framework of social judgment (Beauvois and Dubois, 2009), this thesis aims at showing that the two dimensions of persons judgment (the so called : "social utility" and "social desirability") correspond to two evaluative knowledge's modes that can be applied to common objects judgment. More precisely, we propose to demonstrate that these two evaluative modes can be 1. induced from evaluativepractices made either into the person register, or into the object register, and 2. then generalized to objects descriptions (following induction into person register) or to persons descriptions (following induction into object register).Two researches started with showing that current and evaluative adjectives that are suitable for objects description are massively structured by two dimensions similar to social desirability and social utility (respectively "agreeableness" and "market value"). Six other experiments intended to test the generalization of the two evaluative modes. As predicted, results showed that it is possible to induce the two evaluative knowledgemodes, especially that which pertains to persons social utility and market value, and another descriptive knowledge mode, and that these induced modes can be generalized from persons to objects and conversely from objects to persons.Thus, these findings suggest that the social desirability and the social utility traits dimensions function like two general modes of evaluative knowledge that can be applied to any social object. They also confirm that the mobilization of these two modes is not a consequence of psychological realism, but result of evaluative social practices. Theoretical implications for the evaluative framework as well as directions for future work and apotential application for consumer psychology are discussed
Desbiens, Janik. "Influence de la désirabilité sociale dans l’utilisation des tests de personnalité : une étude comparative de la validité du NEO-PI-3 dans un contexte d’orientation professionnelle et de sélection de personnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67454.
Full textMao, Mathieu. "Optimisation multi-facteurs / multi-objectifs : application à l'optimisation des profil organoleptique de produits secs par le contrôle des paramètres de matières premières et procédés." Institut national agronomique Paris-Grignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0067.
Full textPerrin, Samantha. "Norme d'internalité et jugement social : influence des dimensions de lieu de causalité et de contrôle interne sur les processus d'attribution de valeur sociale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551611.
Full textCaruana, Sylvain. "De la connaissance de la valeur sociale à la prédiction de performance. Approche psychosociale de la description de soi dans les inventaires de personnalité." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML009/document.
Full textOur aim was to show that self-description in personality inventories communicate individuals' self-knowledge about their social value. Following social judgment framework, social value is defined around two fundamental dimensions: social desirability and social utility. The former refers to the individuals' reputation to elicit positive affects in interpersonal relations. The latter refers to the individuals' reputation to perform in social systems. We postulated that self-description in personality inventories rely more on the social utility and social desirability of the items (evaluative information) than on the personality factors they are supposed to measure (descriptive information). We first showed that personality items could cover more or less social desirability or social utility. Then, we showed that these two components serve the malleability of self-descriptions according to explicit or implicit social exigencies. In a third set of studies, we studied the role of descriptive and evaluative information on performance inferences. Results showed the primacy of evaluative over descriptive information for professional performance inferences. Finally, the last two studies show that personality factors predict performance primarily through the items whose social value is congruent with the value mobilized by the performance criterion (selection, social relations). Taken together, the results support our hypothesis and indicate that individuals express an intuitive knowledge of their social value in personality inventories
D'Amours-Raymond, Julien. "Version abrégée transculturelle du Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28117/28117.pdf.
Full textYakimova, Sonya. "Validation d'un outil d'investigation de l'image de soi." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20004.
Full textThe contemporary theory of Validity emphasizes the construct validity of psychological inventories and the need to make updates about existing arguments of validity that underlie their interpretation. For this reason the enterprise editor launched a new validation campaign, as part of this CIFRE thesis, for the self-assessment questionnaire of its (Q-PE). The Q-PE investigates the self-image in a professional context by 70 forced choice items (FCI), each consisting of two response proposals, and measures 10 bipolar dimensions related to the Big Five or The Five-factor model of personality. Thus, our two main objectives were to study 1) the representativeness and the relevance of the content of the current version of Q-PE under the Big Five theoretical model, 2) the validity of matching the proposals in items, for example, we investigate if the item proposals are indicators of one or more same dimensions or if they refer to different dimensions. The results of the three studies in this thesis show that the Q-PE item proposals, with little exception, measure personality traits in reference to the Big Five dimensions of personality as well as to the dimensions of Realization (Achievement), Rigor and Combativeness. Regarding matching between items, 65% of 53 FCI that could be studied are considered as suitable and further analysis are awaited for the 17 FCI which answer options were not administered to the same participants. This research provides therefore some more validity arguments in favor of Q-PE, brings some information about the dimensions that underlie self-image description and its evaluation in a professional context and releases ways to continue this validation process
Quirante, Thomas. "Modelling and numerical optimization methods for decision support in robust embodiment design of products and processes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14676/document.
Full textIn order to converge as soon as possible toward the most preferable design solution, takingrobust decisions appears as a topical issue to ensure the best choices in engineering design. Inparticular, started from a selected concept, embodiment design consists in determining themain dimensioning and monitoring parameters of the system while meeting the designrequirements. The continuity of the design process between the preliminary and detailedphases strongly depends on the efficiency of the embodiment design phase in providingembodied solutions with a validated physical behaviour and an optimized functional structure.Embodiment design problems are thus generally turned toward numerical optimization. Thisrequires an accurate modelling of embodiment design problems, and in particular,investigation of large design spaces, representation and evaluation of candidate solutions anda priori formalization of preferences are topical issues.Research works presented in this thesis deal with the development of methodologies andtools to support decision making during embodiment design of industrial systems andmachines. In particular, it aims to provide designers with a convenient way to structureobjectives functions for optimization in embodiment design. This approach consists in linkingthe physical behaviour of the system to be designed, with the design criteria and objectivesthrough the modelling of designer’s preferences according to observation, interpretation andaggregation steps. Based on the concept of desirability, this modelling procedure is used toformulate design objectives and to quantify the overall level of satisfaction achieved bycandidate solutions. In the scope of robust design, this method is applied first to formulatedesign objectives related to performances, and then, to formulate design objectives related tothe sensitivity of performances. Robust design problems are thus tackled as a trade-offbetween these two design objectives. Measurement methods for performance dispersion andoriginal trade-off function specific to robust design are proposed.Finally, an application of the modelling methodology through the embodiment design of atwo-staged flash evaporator for must concentration in the wine industry is presented.Objective is to find robust design solutions, i.e. configurations with simultaneously adesirable level of performance, including the quality of the vintage, the transportability of thesystem and the costs of ownership, and a low sensitivity of some performances, namely thetemperature of the outlet product and the final alcoholic strength
Afandi, Abdulaziz. "Approches méthodologiques et logicielles pour la prise de décision et la conception paramétrique optimisée de bâtiments modulaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0101.
Full textOptimization is a profitable behavior for design in general and architectural design in specific. Many generative design optimization tools do exist. However, these tools are not widely used among architects. Design problems are ill-structured problems; designers’ creativity and interpretation are essential for solving these problems. In design, designers’ acceptability of the solutions is as important as the numerical optimality of their performance. The existing tools do not integrate designers’ preferences inside the optimization process; designers’ preferences are crucial for acceptability. The unbalance collaboration between the tools, and the designer is a major cause of the reluctance of architects from using these tools. The dissertation aims to define a set of recommendations that helps developers to introduce decision support systems that attract more architects by improving the collaboration between the designers and the tools.To define the set of recommendations, the research started by exploring different design processes. Based on this exploration, a design framework based on four models Morphogenesis, Observation, Interpretation, Aggregation (MOIA) is defined. Next, the tool typologies the architects use are explored. Additionally, the popular generative design optimization workflows are investigated by using MOIA as a reference. Then, the research adopts an experimental approach based on designers’ acceptability. Five different experiments are performed. Two of the experiments compare different existing generative design optimization workflows by using designers’ acceptability as a reference. The other three experiments compare different aggregation functions by using designers’ judgment as a benchmark. These functions are Pareto’s function, Maximin, and Derringer & Suich’s.The results of these experiments can be concluded in four points. First, visual programming is recommended for future generative optimization tools. Visual programming helps the architect describe sophisticated parametric models without coding; designers, in general, are not trained to code. Second, the graphical aspect of the tool can immensely influence the decision of the designer. The performance of the solutions must be graphically presented to the designers; the representation method must respond to the number of objectives. Third, using an interactive optimization algorithm that allows the designers to select the solution based on their subjective judgment of the form can increase the acceptability of the workflows. Fourth, the availability of information is the key to define the accessible aggregation function. We usually use the aggregation function that integrates more of the available information; this information includes designers’ preferences, which help to approach acceptability.The existing generative design optimization tools need to attract more architects. The research adopts an experimental approach based on designers’ acceptability. The methodology helped the research define a set of recommendations that can help future tools attract more designers to optimize. The recommendation mainly focuses on enhancing the collaboration between the tools and the designers
Mbow, Mouhamadou Mansour. "Aide à la décision basée sur l'expertise métier dans le domaine de la FAO pour la fabrication additive : une approche par mathématisation des règles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI082.
Full textPre-processing or CAM operations in additive manufacturing (AM) by powder bedfusion (PBF) include complex operations such as the definition of part orientation, the design of support structures, the nesting of parts, etc. The definition of the parts orientation in the manufacturing build space is the first step and several studies have shown that all of the remaining steps depend on it as well as the quality, cost and production time of the part. Its definition is given by only two rotation angle parameters in the global machine reference, but their definition is complex and requires strong skills in the field. Studies in the literature have shown that industrial users rely on their knowledge or expertise of the process to achieve this. Today, despite the technical advances, there is still a lack of tools or methods to take into account this formalized expertise. In this context, this thesis (from ANR COFFA project) proposes methods and tools to efficiently include the formalized knowledge of experts in the decision making process of CAM parameters, in PBF and AM in general.As a first step, the review of methods to use expertise in decision making in traditional manufacturing CAM is presented in order to find the disadvantages and possibilities for integration in AM. Secondly, an investigation of the types of knowledge that can be used for decision support is carried out. This part of the work also explores the knowledge resources available for the definition of part orientation in the research literature but also in the industrial practice. The third part of the work presents a new approach for transforming knowledge of action rule type into desirability functions. This approach allows in particular to evaluate these action rules on parts and to obtain a quantitative appreciation which is considered as the level of respect of the rule (when the CAM parameters applied to the part). Then, this approach is applied to the action rules found in the second part of the work to establish quantitative models for the calculation of orientation desirability. Finally, a tool for the calculation of this orientation desirability and decision-making support is presented. The use of the tool is illustrated through case studies of industrial parts benchmarked with commercial tools, and through tests carried out with engineering school students.The main output of this project is the provision of numerical means to assistCAM operators in their decision-making on optimal manufacturing parameters based on the company expertise. In addition, the approach presented offers the possibility of redesigning parts by targeting surfaces that have a low desirability with respect to the part orientation
Spira, Sven Michael. "Essays in Empirical Financial Economics." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHEC0006/document.
Full textThis dissertation consists of four distinct chapters.The first chapter presents the joint work with Christophe Spaenjers.We find that individuals with longer subjective life horizons hold higher conditional equity shares, and the effect of a shortening life horizon on portolio choice is offset by bequest motives. In the second chapter,I examine the explanatory power of birth order to financial household decisions. I show that firstborns differ in their financial decision-making from later born siblings. The results highlight the importance of personal family experiences for household choices. In the third chapter,I document that, in surveys, the presence of companions decreases the probability of respondents replying, and increases the probability of respondents overreporting their self-assessed abilities. The overreporting leads to a downward bias in the estimates of the importance of overconfidence for individuals' behavior. The fourth chapter presents joint work with Thomas Bourveau and François Brochet. We identify M&A lawsuits, where plaintiffs allege that the firm hid poor performance related to prior acquisition. Using the filing of a lawsuit as an industry shock, we show findings consistent with a disciplining effect from the lawsuit for the investment behavior of peer firms' managers
Thomas, Marie. "Auteurs de violence sexuelle sur enfants : développement de lignes directrices d’évaluation clinique avant prise en charge par thérapie comportementale et cognitive." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS035.
Full textThere is an important gap between the number of people forced to get treatment and the number of psychotherapists specialized in this coverage. The objective of the law is very clear : incite to care in order to avoid a second offense. To be successful, the static and dynamic risk factors should be considered and it requires a specialist training in criminology. The objective of this research is to highlight, on one hand the main elements to be estimated before a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and on the other hand to select tools which allow a better evaluation of child sexual abusers.Method: a semi-structured interview was developed to obtain a general conceptualization and a contextualization of the sexual violence on the children. This interview, associated with an evaluation of the mental illness and personality disorder was estimated with 19 men condemned by the French justice for crimes and offence against minors of less than fifteen years old. In a second study, we studied the social desirability (SD) and three dimensions of the personality (neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism) in the same group of child sexual abusers. As we didn’t get the French standards on the scale of SD, we studied this variable in a group of 418 subjects stemming from the general population. We compared the results of 19 child sexual abusers with those of two control groups : violent people ( n=19 ) and not violent ( n=19 ). Our third study allowed us to analyze the activation of early maladaptive schema in our clinical sample and to compare these results with our two control groups.Results: the first study allowed us to define important elements to be estimated by every professional trained in behavioral and cognitive therapy : the experiments of adversity lived during the childhood, the self-esteem, the emotional sphere, the assertiveness, the normal sexuality, the negative vision of the spouses and the woman from the past, the relationship with others, the implicit theory and the cognitive schema. The study of SD in the general population gave us reference values of the French-speaking version of the tool. Our first hypothesis (the scores of the child sexual abusers on the scale of SD are superior to those of the not violent people) is validated. Our second hypothesis (the scores of the child sexual abusers are higher on the scale of SD than those of violent subjects) is not validated. Concerning the early maladaptive schemas, our first hypothesis (child sexual abusers have higher scores than non violents people) is validated. Our second hypothesis (child sexual abusers get higher scores than non-violent people to early maladaptive schemas : emotional inhibition, social isolation, mistrust/abuse, abandonment/instability, subjugation and defectiveness/shame is partly validated.Discussion: the conceptualization of the problem of child sexual abusers before a CBT includes nine elements that we chose to keep when we analysed the interviews. Our three studies also allowed us to recommend the evaluation of the fundamental needs, the goals, the associated values and the strategies of resolution of problem. Measuring the quality of life would be an advantage. Associated to these variables, several evaluation tools were efficient : the structured interview MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to estimate the mental disorders, the Personnality Disorder Test 4 + to estimate the personality disorders, the shortened scale of social desirability C and the Young Schema Test-Short form 3 to study maladaptive schemas. We recommend the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised to estimate the three personality dimensions and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-III to estimate the four facets of psychopathy
Déry, Baillargeon Judith. "La reconnaissance des manifestations du sexisme dans les contextes scolaire et professionnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33825.
Full textThis master thesis dissertation describes the validation of a questionnaire made of comic strips and designed to measure the recognition of ambivalent sexism (Glick and Fiske, 1996) in the academic and professional contexts. This concept of ambivalent sexism includes hostile sexism, which evokes a perception of domination and superiority of men over women (Glick et Fiske, 1996), and benevolent sexism, which reflects an ideology consolidating women in traditional roles, and in a positive attitude. Because of this positive connotation, benevolent sexism is harder to recognize as a form of sexism, unlike hostile sexism. The questionnaire was administered to 911 adults to assess whether or not they recognize the manifestations of sexism in the vignettes of benevolent and hostile sexism and this, by evaluating the degree of sexism and pleasantness of each vignette. The results show that participants in the sample rated sexism situations as sexist and uncomfortable for woman involved. However, benevolent sexism is rated as less sexist and less unpleasant than hostile sexism. Factorial analysis show that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism are distinct concept but that the dimensionality of benevolent sexism is not in line with the theory. As expected, women rated sexism situations as more sexist and unpleasant than men. Correlational analysis were conducted between ambivalent sexism and social dominance orientation, gender-specific justification of the system, and social desirability in order to validate the new questionnaire. As the theories stipulates, the more the participants recognize sexism, the less they agree with the social dominance orientation and the justification of the system statements. There is little influence of social desirability on participants' responses. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed. Finally, the limits of the master thesis are presented as well as the possible applications of this questionnaire.
Ríos, zapata David. "Démarche méthodologique pour la conception préliminaire et interactive." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0066/document.
Full textPreliminary design decision-making processes are related to the prioritisation of design specifications and variables in order to develop solutions that are closer to product's requirements. Nevertheless, the size of the information is often large and hard to understand: keeping in track the list of dependent variables, independent variables and design objectives is a challenging task, with potentially reprocessing and loss of time, especially when it is necessary to identify how a modification on a variable might impact the performance of the product.The objective of this thesis is to generate a method that can obtain a trade-off among the design objectives desirability. This trade-off process is supported on two aspects: i) the development of a traceability model, managing information from the input requirements (in the linguistic field) up to the variables definition (in the real numbers field). ii) A design amelioration framework, based on the definition of the design objectives desirability functions; the propagation of these functions until design variables allow to calculate the combinations of values that maximise the global desirability of the solution.The proposal of the thesis can be understood as a hybrid approach, including an interactive exploratory part and an inductive interactive part. On the exploratory part, designers can modify the variables using visual tools in order to understand in real time how these modifications have an impact on the design objectives. On the inductive part, designers make use a proposed pre-sizing method that calculates the values of the variables that maximise the desirability of the design objectives. This proposal is developed to perform on a multidisciplinary design environment, facing, either convex and non-convex problems
Bigot, Ophélie. "Passations papier/crayon et informatisées : quelle influence sur les stratégies d'autoprésentation ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651018.
Full textIllick, Nancy. "La compétition intrasexuelle chez la femme : étude comportementale auprès d'un échantillon d'adolescents québécois." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16911.
Full textDubois, Sébastien. "Demi-vérités et vrais mensonges : une analyse des processus liés à la dissimulation dans les questionnaires informatisés." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11470.
Full textMany researchers and clinicians are skeptical towards the validity of self-reported assessment used within a forensic population (Gendreau, Irvine, & Knight, 1973), especially when used within a sexual offender population (Marshall & Hall, 1995). The sensitivity of the topics addressed as well as the transparency of the questions expose the evaluator to possible dissimulations or distortions in the subject responses (Tierney & McCabe, 2001). Responses of 282 sexual offenders who completed the Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (MIDSA) were analyzed in order to understand the interaction between response time, social desirability scales and Rasch person-fit scores in order to account for response distortion. The convergence of latency times and social desirability scales seems to indicate that certain participants consciously manipulate their responses. Notably, participants detected by social desirability scales seem to respond more slowly to particular items. Other participants may answer in ways that are incoherent with the predicted responses according to the Rasch model. Hypotheses as to potential mechanisms underlying this process will be discussed.