Academic literature on the topic 'Desire-Based Research'
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Journal articles on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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Li, Youyuan, and Changhao Piao. "Research on Adaptive Cruise Control Car-following Model Based on Dynamic Spacing in V2X Scenario." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2246, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012075.
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Abstract In the adaptive cruise control (ACC) car-following model, the constant spacing strategy cannot adapt to complex and variable deceleration and acceleration situations. When the preceding car decelerates or accelerates suddenly, considering the safety and adaptability, the desire spacing should be larger or smaller, so the desire spacing is not only related to the speed of the two cars, but also to the speed change of the preceding car. For this problem of the deficiency, which the desire spacing existed, an adaptive cruise control car-following model based on dynamic headway strategy is proposed in this paper. In order to achieve more realtime and more accurate information transmission, this paper uses the v2v communication in v2x environment to obtain the preceding car information. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulation modelling for verification and analysis. The experimental results show that, under the same simulation conditions, the dynamic spacing strategy proposed in this paper have a larger desire spacing for safety when preceding car decelerates, and a smaller desire spacing for comfort and road dynamic utilization when preceding car accelerates. So, the dynamic spacing strategy proposed in this paper shows different improvement effects for different acceleration and deceleration conditions.
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Gutiérrez, Rochelle. "A Spiritual Turn: Toward Desire-Based Research and Indigenous Futurity in Mathematics Education." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 53, no. 5 (November 2022): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2022-0005.
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The practice of futurity within Indigenous communities has existed since time immemorial, with past, present, and future intertwined and with a focus on (re)membering and healing. As futurity becomes more popular in mainstream venues, it raises questions about how it will affect mathematics education (research). This Commentary makes an argument for desire-based research frameworks and Indigenous futurity praxis as key components of a spiritual turn, somewhat distinct from the sociopolitical turn our field took about a decade ago. I analyze some of the equity issues that arose in the March 2022 issue of JRME, raise three important questions to consider in our research, and offer suggestions so that we may embrace a spiritual turn.
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Miller, Jason. "Undergraduate Student Led Research: An Applied Anthropology Course as a Community-Based Research Firm." Teaching Anthropology 10, no. 3 (January 15, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/ta.v11i3.581.
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Increasingly, undergraduate students desire hands-on learning experiences to prepare them for life after graduation. Research experience at the undergraduate level unlocks a key skill set students need and desire in terms of its anthropological value and also the value of transferable, critical thinking skills. This article explores the creation and continued development of my Applied Anthropology course which relies heavily on community-engaged research and community-engaged pedagogy. The course is structured as if participants are an independent, community-based research “firm” that has been contracted by a local community agency to undertake research on their behalf. Students manage every aspect of the project including developing data collection tools, seeking Institutional Review Board ethics approval, collecting and analyzing data, and ultimately preparing a technical report, policy recommendations, and presentation for the client. In addition, I will discuss the benefits to both students and community partners (including practical research experience and, in some cases, already implemented policy suggestions) as well as some of the challenges to this approach including time, capacity, and commitment. I conclude by reflecting on my role as mentor during this process and provide suggestions for those who would like to create a similar research experience for their own students.
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Hawley, Sarah T., Ann S. Hamilton, John Graff, Steven J. Katz, and Reshma Jagsi. "Desire for and use of genetic testing in a population-based sample of breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 6615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6615.
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6615 Background: Prior research suggests that receipt of genetic testing to assess risk of disease in patients or their families is not limited to those who meet high-risk criteria (i.e., diagnosed at young age &/or with strong family history). There is little research from large population-based samples describing patterns and correlates of genetic testing receipt or reasons why patients undergo testing. Methods: We surveyed 2290 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer reported to the Detroit & Los Angeles SEER registries from 6/05-2/07. We merged these data to SEER and re-surveyed them again approximately 4 years later (n=1536). The primary outcomes were patient reports of a strong desire for genetic testing, participation in a discussion about genetic testing, and receipt of genetic testing. We also evaluated patient reports of reasons for getting tested. We compared dependent and independent factors using chi-square tests and used logistic regression to evaluate correlates of each outcome. Results: One third (33.9%) reported a strong desire to be tested, of whom 54% discussed testing with a health professional, & 46% were tested. A strong desire to be tested was associated with younger age (F=32.03, P<0.001), minority race (F=62.5, P<0.001), family history of breast &/or ovarian cancer (F=18.5, P<0.001) and worry about recurrence (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6). Overall, 19.3% were tested. Test receipt was significantly associated with younger age (F=26.8, P<0.001), higher education (OR: 1.8; 95% CI:1.13-2.71), and family history (F=25.1, P<0.001). Of those tested, reasons included: physician recommendation (61.8%), wanting more information about one’s own health (51.8%), wanting more information for family (54.2%), and family desire (13.6%). 7.8% of those not tested indicated it was because of the expense. Conclusions: Many women have a strong desire for genetic testing after diagnosis of breast cancer but often do not discuss testing with professionals. Desire for testing was correlated with pertinent clinical factors but also non-clinical factors such as minority race and worry about recurrence. Results suggest the continued need to address patient desire for testing and selection of appropriate patients for testing.
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Nizovkina, Natalia, and Irina Kharchenko. "Assessing the Preparedness to Work in an Active Company on the Basis of Sociological Research." Ideas and Ideals 13, no. 4-2 (December 27, 2021): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.4.2-274-290.
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Based on the statistics, because of the survey of Novosibirsk region residents, we studied data on personal readiness for activity in work, to flexibility, to adaptability. Employees should be able to assess the real situation, and should be able to be creative. Businesses are moving to a flexible organization, flexible working conditions. It is increasingly worrying workers and businesses. The article takes on special relevance in the context of the search and activation of new sources of economic development with the introduction of a new methodology for the management of Agile. The assessment was satisfactory. Self-assessment of the potential of workers has been reasonable. The level of independence was adequate. The desire to participate in a new type of economy with commercialization is unsatisfactory. The desire to participate in scientific developments, discoveries, inventions is unsatisfactory. The validity of the study's findings is based on self-assessments of ability, preparedness (competence) and desire (motivation) activities, mainly for work and continuous education.
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Panzavolta, Silvia. "DESIRE:Disseminating Educational Science, Innovation and Research in Europe." International Journal of Computers 16 (March 4, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9108.2022.16.3.
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The paper illustrates the research activities carried out by the European DESIRE project dealing with dissemination strategies of European projects outcomes and results and takes into account specific stakeholders in the projects life cycle. Preliminary findings are given and commented and some recommendations are drawn based on data collected so far.
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Hoffman, Sanford R., Martin C. Mahoney, James F. Chmiel, Gerald D. Stinziano, and Kevin N. Hoffman. "Conducting Outcomes Research in a Community-based Practice Setting." American Journal of Rhinology 8, no. 4 (July 1994): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065894781874296.
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Although there is both a need and a desire to critically evaluate data from community-based clinical practices, many clinicians are inadequately prepared for this undertaking. This paper illustrates the process of establishing a computerized research data base in a community-based medical practice by highlighting issues of design, data collection, enrollment, and data management. In addition, a practical illustration of implementing such a data base system to perform community-based outcomes research among patients with chronic sinusitis is presented. Data bases established for community-based outcomes research can serve as a means for a single medical practice to examine patient outcomes or can serve as a component of a collaborative multi-site research effort.
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Wen-Hai, Chih, Chien-Yun Yuan, Ming-Te Liu, and Jiann-Fa Fang. "The effects of outward and inward negative emotions on consumers’ desire for revenge and negative word of mouth." Online Information Review 43, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 818–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2016-0069.
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Purpose All previous research seldom considered the proliferation process from the perspective of consumers or from a negative perspective to examine the desire for revenge and negative word of mouth (WOM) caused by deficiencies in innovative products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ subsequent behaviors after they have outward and inward negative emotions such as anger and regret. The objective of this study is to explore the different effects of customers’ anger and regret on desire for revenge and negative WOM. Design/methodology/approach This research uses structural equation modeling to analyze 226 samples. Findings The results showed that regret has significant and positive effects on desire for revenge and negative WOM but anger has only a significant and positive effect on desire for revenge. Moreover, desire for revenge has a significant and positive effect on negative WOM. In addition, the desire for revenge plays a crucial mediator between anger and negative WOM as well as regret and negative WOM. Practical implications Corporations can use tangled emotions among consumers to predict the development of the desire for revenge and immediately implement remedies for deficiencies to prevent consumers from developing the desire for revenge and spreading negative WOM regarding the corporation or product, or engaging in other revenge behaviors. Corporations can easily detect and prevent the path between anger and revenge behaviors simply based on the desire for revenge. In contrast to the outward negative behavior that is anger, regret is implicit and internal. Originality/value This study explored two negative emotions of affect (anger and regret) based on affection and conation/action of the tricomponent attitude model and their different effects on consumers’ revenge behaviors such as desire for revenge and negative WOM. The contributions of this research are to clarify the different relationships between outward negative emotion (anger) and desire for revenge/negative WOM as well as inward negative emotion (regret) and desire for revenge/negative WOM.
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Hwang, Jinsoo, Kwang-Woo Lee, Dohyung Kim, and Insin Kim. "Robotic Restaurant Marketing Strategies in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Focusing on Perceived Innovativeness." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 9165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219165.
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Although innovative robotic technology plays an important role in the restaurant industry, there is not much research on it. Thus, this study tried to identify how to form behavioral intentions using the concept of perceived innovativeness in the context of robotic restaurants for the first time. A research model comprising 12 hypotheses is evaluated using structural equation modeling based on a sample of 418 subjects in South Korea. The data analysis results show that perceived innovativeness is an important predictor of the customers’ attitude, which in turn has a significant effect on desire. In addition, desire exerts a positive influence on intentions to use and willingness to pay more. Lastly, perceived risk moderates the relationships between (1) desire and intentions to use and (2) desire and willingness to pay more. Based on the above statistical results, important theoretical and managerial implications are presented.
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Novianto, Nuriman, Didik J. Rachbini, and Endi Rekarti. "OVO Product Users' Sustainable Desire as an Challenger on Digital Payment Market (Case Study in West Jakarta)." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 29, 2020): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul332.
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This research aims to discover of which factor that could increase those sustainable desire of OVO digital wallet users in West Jakarta. Population based on research were user from OVO digital wallet in West Jakarta. Those sample was amounted to 310 respondents with nonprobability sampling technique as its technique preferably . To answer those problem formulation, objectives and hypothesis regarding this research, so it was sort of by Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis tool and using IBM SPSS AMOS version 22 tools. These reseach has results which shown that: Product quality has an good and strongly reacted over sustainable desire. Ease of use also has peak and positive towards impact to sustainable desire. The merchant's image has an conclusive and remarkable influence towarda sustainable desire. Online promotion has beneficial and significant impact over sustainable desire. While Customer Perceived value has practical reaction towards sustainable desire. Not of that this Customer perceived value also could transform as an intervere variable which affects product quality, ease of use, merchant's image and online promotion to continuous interest to use OVO digital wallets.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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Sajid, Muhammad Saad, and David Gamble. "Desire for truly sustainable suppliers; how to make it work? : Research on Nordic product-based companies." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173701.
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Background: Research provides insights on the concept of sustainability in the field of supply chain management, by comparing the theoretical concept of SSCM and the practical understanding or focus of brand owners while representing sustainability. Research describes the value and significance of all three elements of sustainability to prevent brand reputational damage. By investigating and identifying effective ways to manage and improve supplier’s sustainability, the study contributes to the supply chain management field. Research aim: The research aims to highlight the concept of sustainability in supply chain management by consideration and integration all three elements of sustainability. More precisely, the study aims to display the importance of sustainability with supply chain partners for brand owners. Also identifying the effective ways that could support brand owners to manage and improve their supplier's sustainability. Methodology: A qualitative approach was followed, with semi-structured interviews that were conducted with five managers across four companies in Scandinavia. Findings: The research identified that product-based brands can improve their sustainability standards with suppliers by monitoring, motivating, and influencing them. Although it is not a simple process and comes with challenges such as certain factors like company size, the location of the suppliers and the relationship with suppliers.
Books on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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Franko, William W., and Christopher Witko. Awareness of Inequality and Government Liberalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671013.003.0004.
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Though it appears based on recent research that Republicans and many Democrats in Washington, DC, are largely unresponsive to the poor and middle class, some governments in the states are taking action to reduce income inequality. Comparative research, and research in the United States, shows that left-leaning politicians are most concerned about inequality and most likely to try to reduce it. In this chapter the authors argue that in states where there is a greater awareness of inequality the public will therefore have a greater desire to elect politicians that will advance the economic interests of the lower and middle classes, and that strategic politicians will take advantage of the lack of federal action to try to reduce inequality. The analysis shows that as public awareness of inequality grows, government officials indeed move to the left and are, in turn, associated with lower income inequality between 1987 and 2010.
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Buchanan, David A. Methodology matters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0014.
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David A. Buchanan explores what these chapters reveal about the status of unconventional methodology in organization and management research. Clearly, there is an appetite for new perspectives, and a body of researchers who are developing fresh approaches. These innovations are driven by a desire to find new lenses and perspectives, to cover new ground, to capture information that conventional methods cannot reach, and to generate fresh insights. Some commentators have criticized the pursuit of ‘novelty’ in research in our field, but this argument is directed towards novel contributions to theory, an emphasis that discourages replication studies and the accumulation of evidence. That argument is not aimed at methodological innovation. Journal editors broadly support attempts to break methodological rules, as long as these departures are adequately explained and justified. Based on a survey of journal editors, this chapter concludes with advice to researchers considering the use of unconventional methodology.
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Mukherjee, Supriya. Indian Historical Writing since 1947. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0026.
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This chapter focuses on Indian historical writing. The end of colonial rule in 1947 was a turning point in Indian historical writing and culture. History emerged as a professional discipline with the establishment of new state-sponsored institutions of research and teaching. Attached to the institutionalization was the political imperative of a newly independent nation in search of a coherent and comprehensive historical narrative to support its nation-building efforts. At the same time, there was a desire to establish an autonomous Indian perspective, free of colonial constraints and distortions. In this, post-independence historiography owed much to earlier strands of nationalist historiography. During the first two decades after independence, three main trajectories of historical writing emerged: an official and largely secular nationalist historiography, a cultural nationalist historiography with strong religious overtones, and a critical Marxist trajectory based on analyses of social forms.
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Estrada-Mesa, Ángela María, Gina Marcela Arias-Rodríguez, Aida Milena Cabrera-Lozano, Alexandra Gutiérrez-Velasco, Alvaro Díaz-Gómez, Andrés Felipe Ortiz-Gordillo, Angélica Paola Carvajal-Sánchez, et al. Experiencias psicosociales en la transición hacia la paz profunda en Colombia. Edited by Ángela María Estrada-Mesa and Gina Marcela Arias-Rodríguez. Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/9789585133532.2020.
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The chapters in this book show a reflection on some challenges faced by the psychosociological research with a view to the accompaniment, support and even orientation of the processes and psychosocial dynamics of peace building. It is inspired by the set of works included here, but not based on them exclusively or as a priority; rather, it seeks to offer a set of criteria for critical reflection in a unique historical moment by the advocacy opportunities that open up for the improvement of psychosociological research. In turn, it is expected to encourage new reflective practices that contribute to increase the relevance and pertinence of this type of research, to choose fruitful paths both for the definition of research programs and crucial curricular decisions for the advanced training of new generations of professionals who contribute to the coming years to this fundamental challenge of building real and durable peace in Colombia. The book is a contribution to epistemological, methodological, and ethical reflections at a historical and political crucial time for the country, in which unfortunately the desire for peace in rural Colombia is not materialized yet. But, even during vicissitudes and promises for having a stable and lasting peace, psychosociological knowledge becomes meaningful and more relevant.
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Bradley, Ben. Darwin's Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708216.001.0001.
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Darwin has long been hailed as forefather to behavioural science, and even more so nowadays, with the growing popularity of evolutionary psychologies. This is the first book to examine Darwin’s own extensive writings about psychological matters. It finds that Darwin’s fulcrum was the agency of living creatures—both in his psychology and in his theory of evolution. A careful reading of Darwin’s writings on topics from climbing plants to babies shows that no individual-based theory of evolution can explain everything about human action. The interpersonal domain, group-life and culture, are also key, whether we consider the dynamics of conscience, emotional expressions or the dramas of desire. For example, Darwin argues that the anatomy and physiology of evolutionarily ‘purposeless’ facial movements gain meaning through their perception by others. His explanation of blushing adds a layer of complexity to such recognition—my blush results from my perception of how you are reading me. A similar reflexive dynamic governs how Darwin understands sexual desire, conscience, the setting of social standards, and the place of culture in human agency. Testing the main plank of Darwin’s psychology—that a capacity for group-interaction underpins the most human aspects of human agency—has awaited contemporary research, being recently confirmed by film-studies of young babies. Darwin’s writings frame a surprisingly well-resourced arena for elaboration of a socialized, agentic account of how we and our fellow creatures live. Moreover, Darwin stands at the forefront of moves toward an evolutionary biology in which organisms lead and genes follow.
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Breitbart, William S., and Shannon R. Poppito. Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy for Patients with Advanced Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837250.001.0001.
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The importance of spiritual well-being and the role of "meaning" in moderating depression, hopelessness and desire for death in terminally-ill cancer and AIDS patients has been well-supported by research, and has led many palliative clinicians to focus on the development of non-pharmacologic interventions that can help their patients address these issues. Individual Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (IMCP), an intervention developed and rigorously tested by the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, is a seven-week program based around the work of Viktor Frankl, and which utilizes a mixture of didactics, discussion and experiential exercises that focus around particular themes related to meaning and advanced cancer. Patients are assigned readings and homework that are specific to each session's theme and which are utilized in each session. While the focus of each session is on issues of meaning and purpose in life in the face of advanced cancer and a limited prognosis, elements of support and expression of emotion are inevitable in the context of each group session.
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Minett, Mark. Robert Altman and the Elaboration of Hollywood Storytelling. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197523827.001.0001.
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Robert Altman and the Elaboration of Hollywood Storytelling reveals an Altman barely glimpsed in previous critical accounts of the filmmaker. This re-examination of his seminal work during the “Hollywood Renaissance” or “New Hollywood” period of the early 1970s (including M*A*S*H, Brewster McCloud, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, Images, The Long Goodbye, Thieves Like Us, California Split, and Nashville) sheds new light on both the films and the filmmaker, reframing Altman as a complex, pragmatic innovator whose work exceeds, but is also grounded in, the norms of classical Hollywood storytelling rather than someone who rejected those norms in favor of modernist art cinema. Its findings and approach hold important implications for the study of cinematic authorship. Largely avoiding thematic exegesis, it employs a historical poetics approach, robust functionalist frameworks, archival research, and formal and statistical analysis to demystify the essential features of the standard account of Altman’s filmmaking history and profile—lax narrative form, heavy reliance on the zoom, sound design replete with overlapping dialogue, improvisational infidelity to the screenplay, and a desire to subvert based in his time in the training grounds of industrial filmmaking and filmed television. The book provides a clear example of how a filmmaker might work collaboratively and pragmatically within and across media institutions to elaborate on their sanctioned practices and aims. We misunderstand Altman’s work, and the creative work of Hollywood filmmakers in general, when we insist on describing innovation as opposition to institutional norms and on describing those norms as simply assimilating innovation.
Book chapters on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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van Noordwijk, Toos (C G. E. )., Isabel Bishop, Sarah Staunton-Lamb, Alice Oldfield, Steven Loiselle, Hilary Geoghegan, and Luigi Ceccaroni. "Creating Positive Environmental Impact Through Citizen Science." In The Science of Citizen Science, 373–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_19.
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AbstractInterest in citizen science is growing, including from governments and research funders. This interest is often driven by a desire for positive environmental impact, and the expectation that citizen science can deliver it by engaging the public and simultaneously collecting environmental data. Yet, in practice, there is often a gap between expected and realised impact. To close this gap, we need to better understand pathways to impact and what it takes to realise them. We articulate six key pathways through which citizen science can create positive environmental change: (1) environmental management; (2) evidence for policy; (3) behaviour change; (4) social network championing; (5) political advocacy; and (6) community action. We explore the project attributes likely to create impact through each of these pathways and show that there is an interplay between these project attributes and the needs and motivations of target participant groups. Exploring this interplay, we create a framework that articulates four citizen science approaches that create environmental impact in different ways: place-based community action; interest group investigation; captive learning research; and mass participation census.
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Prabowo, Adi Gumelar Cakra, Prihatin Lumbanraja, and Rulianda Purnomo Wibowo. "The Influence of Leadership, Motivation and Reward on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 638–47. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_80.
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AbstractOne form of employee behavior in the organization is the desire to resign (Turnover Intentions), which leads to the employee’s decision to resign from his job. The company under scrutiny is a distributor of agricultural & plantation fertilizers in the Deli Serdang area, with market areas covering Aceh (NAD), North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, and Kalimantan. The study analyzed the influence of leadership, motivation, and reward on the turnover intention with job satisfaction as intervening variables. This research method was explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The research population of all employees in the company was 100 people. This research instrument used a questionnaire with SEM analysis technique based on variance, namely Partial Least Square. The sampling technique was proportionate stratified random sampling, permanent and contract employees. The findings of this study suggest that leadership has a favorable but not statistically significant impact on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is influenced by motivation in a positive but non-significant way. Job satisfaction is influenced by reward in a positive but not statistically significant way. Turnover Intention is influenced by leadership in a favorable and important way. Turnover Intention is influenced by motivation in a favorable and important way. Turnover Intention is influenced by job satisfaction in a positive and significant way.
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Bosio, Birgit, and Melanie Scheiber. "Data-Supported CRM as a Lever for DMO Success: A Social Exchange Relationship Approach." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022, 319–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_29.
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AbstractCustomer relationship management (CRM) is proving to be one of the most promising business strategies. However, in the field of destination marketing literature, a problem exists as to how data-supported CRM can be established. While customer data management has already been well exploited in other industries, DMOs lack customer proximity and data sovereignty. The aim of this paper is to fill this research gap and show how a data-based CRM can be deployed by DMOs based on the principles of social exchange theory. In 13 expert interviews, these aspects were examined from the DMO’s point of view. The results show that the exchange relationship must be established taking into account the DMO’s extraordinary conditions and critical success factors. In order to stimulate guests’ desire for dialogue or the willingness to disclose personal data, DMOs should offer high-quality customer benefits. A combination of hedonic and utilitarian benefits are found to be the most effective stimuli. In return, only the most necessary customer information should be requested and subsequently built passively. Only if the cost and benefit ratio of the exchange relationship is positive for both parties, a database for the CRM can be built in order to foster long-lasting relationships with potential and returning guests.
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Barfod, Karen, and Erik Mygind. "Udeskole—Regular Teaching Outside the Classroom." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 287–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_16.
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AbstractWhen teaching practise is changed, the working procedures and challenges of the teachers are changed too. In this chapter, we turn the lens on the teachers and the teaching practise in udeskole. It is often the teachers who decide, if the education should take place outside the classroom or not, and their experience is important for the provision of udeskole. Nearly a fifth of all Danish schools have at least one class practising udeskole, (Barfod et al., 2021) but how udeskole is implemented is very much dependent on the individual teacher’s desire, pedagogical approach, competence and motivation. Teachers often feel motivated by mastering or re-conquering their professional identity as teachers by practicing udeskole, but they also often feel isolated among colleagues. It is motivativating for teachers to teach outside the classroom as it is in accordance with their beliefs that pupil’s wellbeing, motivation and learning are improved. They are happy to be able to practise varied teaching, be outdoors and together with pupils in different ways, often creating a ‘common third’ situation. At the same time, teachers express how they are challenged by the time used inventing outdoor teaching activities themselves, and by adapting to practical aspects of udeskole such as weather conditions and clothing. Previous studies have shown how teachers who start teaching udeskole relate to both potentials and challenges. However, there is limited knowledge of professional attitudes and pedagogical perspectives among teachers who have taught udeskole for several years. In this chapter we share our research and knowledge about barriers and challenges among experienced udeskole teachers. The results are mainly based on the TEACHOUT research study.
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"Desire and Betrayal in Community-based Research." In Public Acts, 39–55. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203337042-9.
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El-Amin, Abeni. "Improving Organizational Commitment to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging." In Social Justice Research Methods for Doctoral Research, 208–21. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8479-8.ch010.
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This chapter aims to provide useful information about the implementation of diversity equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) to improve organizational performance. This chapter provides a conceptual framework for organizational leaders who desire additional awareness and knowledge regarding the nature, extent, and impact of diverse employees' barriers. Further, the purpose of this endeavor is to demonstrate that the persistent lack of recruitment, promotion, and retention of diverse employees is due to systemic, structural, organizational, institutional, cultural, and societal obstacles. Further, the theory of generative interactions (TGI) supports how obstacles must be acknowledged and eliminated through increased awareness of the issues linked to evidence-based, data-driven approaches leading to measurable key process indicators (KPIs) and outcomes. To support DEIB initiatives, many organizations have developed the Chief Diversity Officer (CDO) position to manage the process, eliminate barriers, and proactively strengthen organizational culture.
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Shamoo, Adil E., and David B. Resnik. "Authorship." In Responsible Conduct of Research, 106–20. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197547090.003.0005.
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Authorship is a prized commodity in science because most of the tangible rewards of academic research are based on a person’s publication record. Since the mid-twentieth century, the number of authors per scientific paper has been steadily increasing, driven, in part, by the desire to receive authorship credit and the increasing complexity and mult-disciplinarity of research. Authorship disputes are also becoming much more common. This chapter explores some of ethical issues and problems involving authorship, including authorship attribution and order, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, and equal authorship contributions. This chapter also discuss some ethical norms that apply to authorship, including accountability, honesty, and fairness and describes some criteria and guidelines for authorship.
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Barak, Miri, and Abeer Watted. "Project-Based MOOC." In Digital Tools and Solutions for Inquiry-Based STEM Learning, 282–307. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2525-7.ch011.
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This chapter describes a project-based massive open online course (MOOC) in nanotechnology and nanosensors that was offered in two languages: English and Arabic. A mixed methods research was conducted to examine the role of project-based learning in the process of knowledge construction and motivation to learn a MOOC. The study compared between three groups of science and engineering students: English MOOCers, Arabic MOOCers, and university students. Findings indicated positive attitudes about learning in a project-based MOOC, especially with relation to gaining work experience. Findings also indicated that in a project-based setting, MOOC participants were mostly driven by a desire to establish connections with peers, whereas university students were mostly motivated by their interest in the subject matter. Arabic MOOCers, who were less successful in solving ill-defined problems, narrowed the gap, and at the end of the course received similar grades in the final project.
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Pérez Vizcarra, Aldo Alexis, Guadalupe Paulina Anccasi Figueroa, Jaison Willian Torres Chana, and Francisco José García-Peñalvo. "Architectural View of an App for Walking Through a City in a Safe Way." In Information Technology Trends for a Global and Interdisciplinary Research Community, 224–51. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4156-2.ch011.
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This chapter offers a general review of the presence of the risks present in today's society and its impact on citizens' daily lives as well as the challenge it represents for the authorities in their desire to turn their cities into smart cities and proposes the use of Safe Paths, a mobile application focused on risk prevention based on social collaboration to identify dangerous areas and give alerts based on their users' location and the risks around to them. It also describes the architecture used by Safe Paths, the sketches used in its development, and finally shows the interface it provides to the end-user.
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Crosby-Cooper, Tricia, and Natasha Ferrell. "Culturally Responsive Practices." In Research Anthology on Culturally Responsive Teaching and Learning, 599–616. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9026-3.ch033.
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Achieving positive mental health is a worthy desire as positive mental health leads to better success in all aspects of life. Unfortunately, for some youth, achieving positive mental health is a struggle. African Americans demonstrate mental health difficulties approximately 20% more than their White counterparts. To address mental health concerns, schools have increasingly implemented multi-tiered supports to better identify and support students. Unfortunately, interventions implemented in schools have largely ignored the impact that race, culture, and behavioral expectations have on the mental health of African American youth. African American youth exhibit symptoms and behaviors of mental health similar to youth of other cultures and races, yet they experience lower levels of mental health services. To help African American youth experiencing mental health difficulties, stakeholders must implement culturally responsive, evidence-based interventions.
Conference papers on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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Kosarev, A. A., A. R. Galeev, and E. V. Kosareva. "RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF INTERESTS AND MOTIVES OF DANCE SPORTS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/27.
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Without a doubt, a conscious attitude to physical education and sports is of great importance. Any program of physical culture and sports activities should be based on the principle of constant motivation, self-improvement, and self-development. The authors of the article analyzed and identified the motives that set the desire to engage in dance sports and achieve high results in studies in 2007 and 2020.
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Shrier, Lydia, and Sion Harris. "Associations of Momentary Mindfulness with Affect and Cannabis Desire in a Trial of Cannabis Use Interventions with and without Momentary Assessment." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.17.
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Background. Mindfulness, a state of awareness that results from intentionally attending to the present moment without judgment, has been associated with improved health. In substance use treatment, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) improve mood and emotional regulation, possibly through increased positive affect and effective coping with negative affect. MBIs may also decrease substance cravings and use. Because affect, substance desire, and mindfulness vary moment-to-moment in daily life contexts, examining their associations may improve understanding of how MBIs reduce substance use. Momentary effects of mindfulness also have implications for ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and interventions (EMIs) for substance use. EMA samples momentary experience and EMIs administer treatment in real-time, real-life contexts. In bringing attention to thoughts and feelings at the time of the report, EMA can raise self-awareness. EMIs can provide content tailored to time or situation. EMA studies have shown that increased momentary negative affect predicts momentary cannabis desire and use events. If mindfulness decreases momentary negative affect, then EMA to raise awareness of momentary states and EMIs to prompt mindfulness practice in daily life may be effective cannabis use treatment. We examined whether momentary mindfulness changed after cannabis use interventions that included EMA, and explored associations with momentary negative affect, positive affect, and cannabis desire. Methods. Hospital clinic outpatients 15-24 years using cannabis ≥3 times per week were randomized to one of three interventions to reduce cannabis use. All interventions included two weekly 1-hour motivational enhancement therapy (MET) sessions. In two interventions, participants also received two weeks of EMA with or without supportive messages following report of contexts personally triggering for cannabis use. We used EMA to measure cannabis-related momentary states, contexts, and behavior 4-6x/day for one week at baseline and three months post-intervention. Of 70 participants enrolled, 68 (MET+EMA, n=40; MET-Only, n=28) contributed momentary data (N=1,971 reports) to these analyses. We calculated individual-level mean scores for the continuous momentary variables and normalized them using z-score or Blom transformation, as appropriate. Using generalized linear mixed effects models, we examined momentary mindfulness trends from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and whether changes differed by study group (MET+EMA vs. MET-Only) via phase-by-group interaction. We then examined associations of momentary mindfulness with negative affect, positive affect, and cannabis desire in separate models. We ran models unadjusted and adjusted for momentary contexts, group, phase, and mean reports/day in phase. Results. Mean momentary mindfulness was significantly higher at follow-up, compared to baseline (adjusted βdifference=0.146, SE=0.034, p<.0005). Momentary mindfulness increased from baseline to follow-up in the MET+EMA group, but did not change significantly in the MET-Only group (βEMA_difference=0.237, SE=0.045, p<.0005; βMET-Only_difference=0.055, SE=0.050, p=0.269; βphase_x_group =0.182, SE=0.066, p=.006). Higher momentary mindfulness was associated with lower negative affect (adjusted βmindfulness=-0.526, SE=0.045, p<.0005) and with lower cannabis desire (adjusted βmindfulness=-0.521, SE=0.044, p<.0005). Momentary mindfulness was not significantly associated with momentary positive affect (adjusted βmindfulness =0.013, SE=0.035, p=.712). Conclusions. Among youth using cannabis frequently, momentary mindfulness increased following interventions with EMA after counseling, and was inversely associated with negative affect and cannabis desire. Mindfulness may be a useful target for momentary intervention.
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Ebbesmeyer, Peter, Peter Gehrmann, Michael Grafe, and Holger Krumm. "Virtual Reality for Power Plant Design." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9037.
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Abstract We describe DesiRe, a Design Review system based on virtual reality technology. DesiRe is a production virtual reality system that is used to support design review processes during the development of The European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR). This paper starts with a brief description of the EPR project. We then focus on the design review processes that are an important part of the EPR development processes. We discuss why the use of virtual reality technology significantly improves the design review processes. The subsequent part of the paper introduces in detail the implementation issues and application issues of the virtual reality system DesiRe currently being used by the EPR engineers in their design review meetings. The end of the paper gives an outlook on future work and a brief conclusion. The work presented in this paper is part of an ongoing virtual reality research project at the Heinz Nixdorf Institut and Siemens AG KWU.
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Schmidt, Philip S., and Joseph J. Beaman. "Managing a Major Curriculum Reform Effort in a Large Research University." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43515.
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This paper describes a substantive undergraduate curriculum reform effort being undertaken over a five year period at the University of Texas at Austin, with special consideration to the management issues that are being addressed. The initiative, called Project PROCEED (for Project-Centered Education), grew out of a desire to strengthen our student’s understanding of fundamental engineering theory by continuously tying it to tangible objects and systems, to strengthen our Department’s connections with its industrial stakeholders by actively involving them in the development and delivery of curriculum content, and to provide our students with a broad range of team-based experiences which will better prepare them for growth and leadership in the corporate and professional world. The rationale for PROCEED and key program elements are described. Management issues, such as logistics, promoting faculty and student buy-in, financing, industrial interaction, and program evaluation are discussed.
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Stanković, Nebojša, and Vesna Ružičić. "Cyber Security in Education." In 9th International Scientific Conference Technics and Informatics in Education. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tie22.297s.
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This paper presents an analysis of basic knowledge about cyber security in the education of high school students (from the first to the fourth grade of high school) and undergraduate students. The focus of the research is determining knowledge about cyber security, as well as identifying the desire of respondents to learn more about cyber security. The respondents were students of the Gymnasium and Technical School in Čačak and undergraduate students of the Information Technologies study program at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak, University of Kragujevac. An analysis of the conducted research on cyber security in education was carried out. Based on the results of the research, a discussion was given and conclusions were drawn in order to improve knowledge about cyber security in education.
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Patel, Jiten, and Seung-Kyum Choi. "Design of Mesostructured Materials Under Uncertainty." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-590.
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Uncertainties in material properties, geometry, manufacturing processes, and operational environments are clearly critical at all scales (nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-scale). Specifically, reliabilty analysis in mesostructured materials can be driven by these uncertainties. The concept of mesostructured materials is motivated by the desire to put material only where it is needed for a specific application. This research develops a reliability-based synthesis method to design mesostructures under uncertainty, which have superior structural compliant performance per weight than parts with bulk material or foams. The efficiency of the proposed framework is achieved with the combination of topology optimization and stochastic approximation which utilizes stochastic local regression and Latin Hypercube Sampling. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was demonstrated using a ground structure topology optimization approach.
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Pal, Anuj, Yan Wang, Ling Zhu, and Guoming G. Zhu. "Engine Calibration Optimization Based on its Surrogate Models." In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8984.
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Abstract Diesel engines are becoming increasingly complex to control and calibrate with the desire of improving fuel economy and reducing emissions (NOx and Soot) due to global warming and energy usage. With ever increased control features, it is becoming more and more difficult to calibrate engine control parameters using the traditional engine mapping based methods due to unreasonable calibration time required. Therefore, this research focuses on the problem of performing engine calibration within a limited budget by efficiently optimizing three control parameters: namely variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) position, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position, and start of injection (SOI). Engine performance in terms of fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions (NOX) are considered as objective function here with the constraint on boost pressure and engine load (BMEP). Since the engine calibration process requires a large number of high-fidelity evaluations, surrogate modeling methods are used to perform calibration quickly with a significantly reduced computational budget. Kriging metamodeling is used for this work with Expected Improvement (EI) as acquisition function. Results show more than 60% decrease in computational cost with results close to actual near Pareto optimal set.
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Başarır, Lâle. "Exploring the Neurological Basis and Motivation for Learning to Design during the Covid-19 Pandemic." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021301n6.
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Architectural design curriculum is based on the premise that students want to learn Architecture. However, there is a significant decline in the motivation and enthusiasm of Architecture students for designing projects within the studio courses. This phenomenon can be the natural result of the Covid-19 pandemic that locked young architect candidates down, forcing them to attend courses online. However, the motivation behind the act of designing is loosely related with the designers’ physical or online presence. This study aims to understand the basic motives underlying the desire to design by examining online architectural design education processes. The paper looks into cognitive processes, neuroscientific knowledge around the act of design, and pedagogical knowledge around learning to design. The main question of the research is to see whether the motivation to design can be explained
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Wasser, Laura, Thorsten Weber, and Rüdiger Buchkremer. "Digitization and New Work: A Qualitative Guide for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to Take Action." In Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.15.
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The Western world is currently facing a persistent shortage of skilled workers. Well-trained employees are difficult to find and even more challenging to retain. Employees, therefore, expect the best working conditions. Companies initiate New Work approaches in response to dynamic changes. This study examines the requirements for New Work design from the perspective of commercial employees to offer small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) guidance to find the optimal workplace development for their employees. A qualitative research method in the form of guided interviews was used to explore the needs of employees. The results suggest that employees desire an adapted work structure and change in the sense of New Work. Based on the study results, seven design areas were derived and recommendations for action were developed for the respective areas. Requirements and patterns are identified across several principles and design areas. Based on the results, strategies for implementation were developed.
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Gully, Benjamin H., Michael E. Webber, and Carolyn C. Seepersad. "Shaft Motor-Generator Design Assessment for Increased Operational Efficiency in Container Ships." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54475.
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Fuel costs are the sigle most important driver of marginal costs for commercial marine transportation and account for almost 50% of total voyage costs for typical configurations. Hence, there has developed a desire among operators and manufacturers of all classes of ships to embrace innovative ways to reduce the demand for fuels. This research investigates the fuel consumption of a standard container ship architecture based on different scenarios of operation. The approach is to first model fuel consumption from the main propulsion engines and the auxiliary engines based on standard propulsion modes, with a configuration known as a Power Take Off (PTO) system. These preliminary results are then analyzed to identify opportunities for retrofitting this configuration by utilizing the same engine combination, but augmenting the PTO system into a modernized shaft motor-generator system, or Auxiliary Power System (APS). The APS enables electrification, which can potentially decrease system fuel consumption. Lastly, the potential for these fuel savings is evaluated for multiple scales of the APS.
Reports on the topic "Desire-Based Research"
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Thurston, Alexander. In Brief: Foreword for the Lake Chad Basin Research Initiative Compendium. RESOLVE Network, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/lcb2021.1.
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In fall 2017, the RESOLVE Network launched a major project to analyze religiosity on university campuses in the Lake Chad Basin. The project was related but not limited to the context of the Boko Haram insurgency. The project generated four major studies, including one research report based on a desk literature review and three country case studies (Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad) based on original fieldwork. The project was driven by policymakers’ and researchers’ desire to more fully understand political and religious change in this conflict-affected region. This RESOLVE research project sought not merely to investigate questions of radicalization but also to challenge stereotypes, particularly the idea that campuses are inevitably hotbeds of religious extremism. It has been credibly asserted that some of Boko Haram’s recruits, particularly in its early phases in the 2000s, were university students. Yet universities in the region have also been sites where key peacemaking initiatives are both studied and implemented.
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Liu, Mengnan, Raoqiong Wang, Ziyi Li, Maryam Mazhar, Gang Luo, and Sijin Yang. Danshen decoction in the treatment of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0107.
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Review question / Objective: HF (heart failure) is considered to be the clinical endpoint and the leading cause of death of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). With people's growing desire for a healthy and better life, TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of HF is becoming more popular. The basic and clinical research related to TCM has also been widely concerned by the cardiovascular community of scientists/clinicians. In recent years, a large number of preclinical (in vivo/in vitro) experiments and clinical observation studies have proved the therapeutic efficacy of Danshen decoction in the treatment of HF. However, systematic evaluation and review of the clinical treatment of Danshen decoction is insufficient, leaving objective and quantitative evaluation indicators of Danshen decoction to be inadequate. Therefore, evidence-based studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety.
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Thorne, Sarah, Daniel Kovacs, Joseph Gailani, and Burton Suedel. Informing the community engagement framework for natural and nature-based projects : an annotated review of leading stakeholder and community engagement practices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45400.
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In its infrastructure development work, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engages and collaborates with numerous local, state, and national stakeholders. Projects incorporating innovative approaches, such as beneficial use (BU) of dredged materials and other natural and nature-based features (NNBF), are often not well-understood by stakeholders, including those at the community level. This often results in conflicts and project delays. By sponsoring the development of a Community Engagement Framework, the Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) program hopes to systematically improve how project teams design, conduct, and measure effective community engagement on infrastructure projects. The purpose of this focused Review was to assesses leading stakeholder and community engagement practices that reflect the state of practice of stakeholder engagement within USACE, and by other leading organizations in the US and internationally, to inform development of the Community Engagement Framework. While the resulting Framework will be particularly well-suited for community engagement on projects incorporating BU and other NNBF, it will be applicable to a broad range of USACE Civil Works’ initiatives where effective stakeholder engagement is critical to project success. The assessment showed the practice of stakeholder engagement has evolved significantly over the past 30 years, with much more focus today on ensuring that engagement processes are purposeful, meaningful, collaborative, and inclusive - reflecting stakeholders’ desire to participate in co-creating sustainable solutions that produce environmental, economic, and social benefits. This, and other key findings, are informing development of the Community Engagement Framework which is scalable and adaptable to a broad range of projects across the USACE missions.
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Kharkivska, Alla A., Liudmyla V. Shtefan, Muntasir Alsadoon, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Technology of forming future journalists' social information competence in Iraq based on the use of a dynamic pedagogical site. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3853.
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The article reveals scientific approaches to substantiating and developing technology to form social information competence of future Iraqi journalists based on using a dynamic pedagogical site. After pre-interviewing students of the Journalism Faculty at Al-Imam Al-Kadhim University College for Islamic Sciences in Baghdad, the authors came to the conclusion there are issues on defining the essence of social information competences. It is established that the majority of respondents do not feel satisfied with the conditions for forming these competences in the education institutions. At the same time, there were also positive trends as most future journalists recognized the importance of these professional competences for their professional development and had a desire to attend additional courses, including distance learning ones. Subsequently, the authors focused on social information competence of future journalists, which is a key issue according to European requirements. The authors describe the essence of this competence as an integrative quality of personality, which characterizes an ability to select, transform information and allows to organize effective professional communication on the basis of the use of modern communicative technologies in the process of individual or team work. Based on the analysis of literary sources, its components are determined: motivational, cognitive, operational and personal. The researchers came to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a technology for forming social information competence of future journalists based on the use of modern information technologies. The necessity of technology implementation through the preparatory, motivational, operational and diagnostic correction stages was substantiated and its model was developed. The authors found that the main means of technology implementation should be a dynamic pedagogical site, which, unlike static, allows to expand technical possibilities by using such applications as photo galleries, RSS modules, forums, etc. Technically, it can be created using Site builder. Further research will be aimed at improving the structure of the dynamic pedagogical site of the developed technology.
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Kislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez, and Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.
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This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.
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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.