Academic literature on the topic 'Desired position'
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Journal articles on the topic "Desired position"
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Ha, Dong Hyun, and Raeyoung Kim. "Nonlinear Optimal Position Control with Observer for Position Tracking of Surfaced Mounded Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210992.
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Previous control methods were designed based on cascade structure and consist of position and current controllers for permanent magnet-synchronous motors (PMSMs). Thus, the structures of the previous methods are necessarily complex although the stability is guaranteed. Thus, the gain tuning is difficult to obtain for the desired control performance for the PMSMs. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a nonlinear optimal position control method with an observer to improve the position tracking performance of PMSMs. The proposed method consists of a desired state generator, controller, and nonlinear observer. The desired states and inputs are derived using the PMSM model. Then, the state feedback controller is designed based on the whole tracking error dynamics including both mechanical and electrical dynamics. The nonlinear observer is designed to estimate the velocity and load torque. The closed-loop stability is proven using the input-to-state stability. The proposed method is not designed based on the cascade structure. Furthermore, the control and observer gains are chosen using an optimal control method to obtain the desired performance for the PMSMs. This approach simplifies the design process such that the control algorithm is suitable for real-time control. The performance of the proposed method is validated via simulations and experiments.
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Bronstein, Noa. "Position as Desired: A Conversation with Kenneth Montague." Afterimage 42, no. 5 (2015): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2015.42.5.6.
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Bates, D. L., and John E. Dillard. "Desired future position—a practical tool for planning." Long Range Planning 24, no. 3 (1991): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(91)90190-y.
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Hou, Xihuan, Shuxiang Guo, Zan Li, Huimin Shi, Na Yuan, and Huiming Xing. "Design and Implementation of a Position-Based Coordinated Formation System for Underwater Multiple Small Spherical Robots." Oceans 6, no. 2 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020021.
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Due to the excellent concealment and high mobility, multiple small spherical underwater robots are essential for near coast defending missions. The formation of multiple small spherical underwater robots is particularly effective for tasks such as patrolling, reconnaissance, surveillance, and capturing sensitive targets. Moreover, some tasks need higher flexibility and mobility, such as reconnaissance, surveillance, or target encirclement at fixed locations. For this purpose, this paper proposes a position-based formation mechanism which is easily deployed for multiple spherical robots. A position planning method during the formation process is designed. This method creatively integrates the virtual linkage strategy with an improved consensus algorithm and the artificial potential field (APF) method. The virtual linkage strategy is in charge of computing the global formation desired target positions for robots according to the predefined position of the virtual leader joint. The improved consensus algorithm and APF are responsible for planning the local desired positions between two formation desired target positions, which is able to prevent collisions and excessive communication distance between robots. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed formation mechanism, adequate simulations and experiments are conducted. Thereby, the proposed formation frame offers great potential for future practical marine operations of the underwater multi-small robot systems.
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Gong, Qingshuo, Wei Zhang, Qiyang Wu, Ruichi Sun, and Haoyu Yang. "Bionic fish position control with the desired heading angle of the target position." Ocean Engineering 298 (April 2024): 117255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117255.
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Lee, Youngwoo, and Wonhee Kim. "Nonlinear Position Control with Augmented Observer in Brushless DC Motor." Mathematics 9, no. 20 (2021): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9202553.
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In this paper, position control using both a nonlinear position controller and a current controller with an augmented observer is proposed for a Brushless DC motor. The nonlinear position controller is designed to improve the position tracking performance based on the tracking error dynamics. The current controller is developed to track the desired currents generated from the desired torque, which is calculated based on the nonlinear position controller. The augmented observer is designed to obtain the knowledge of both state variables and disturbance. Closed-loop stability is proven through the Lyapunov theorem. Simulations were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Kim, Wonhee, and Daehee Won. "Nonlinear Position Control with Nonlinear Coordinate Transformation Using Only Position Measurement for Single-Rod Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator." Mathematics 8, no. 8 (2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8081273.
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In existing methods, full-state feedback is required for the position tracking of single-rod Electro Hydrostatic Actuators (EHAs). Measuring a full state is not always possible because of cost and space limitations. Furthermore, measurement noise from pressure sensors may degrade the control performance. We propose an observer-based nonlinear position control with nonlinear coordinate transformation while only using position measurement to improve the position tracking of single-rod EHAs. The proposed method comprises a position controller and an observer. We propose a nonlinear coordinate transform for the controller design. The desired force is designed for the position tracking and boundedness of the internal state. The position controller is designed to track the desired state variables for the EHAs. Meanwhile, a nonlinear observer is proposed in order to estimate a full state using only the position measurement. The stability of the closed-loop system is investigated via an input-to-state stability property. The performance of the proposed method is validated via both simulations and experiments.
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Ozguven, Omer Faruk, Mehmet Salih Mamis, and Arif Memmedov. "An experimental fuzzy logic application of position control using ST52 microcontroller." UNEC Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 76–90. https://doi.org/10.61640/ujeas.2024.1208.
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Position control is required in many industrial applications. In this paper, several control methods; namely servo, fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy position controls implemented in ST52 microcontroller and laboratory test results of these methods are introduced. Fuzzystudio3.0 and Adaptive Fuzzy Modeller software packages have been used for the program development. The response of designed control systems to any desired position changes is measured, and the performance and speed for fuzzy, neuro-fuzzy and servo controllers in setting a desired position are examined. The designed software and installation steps are described and structure and listings of the control programs are presented.
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Jalani, Jamaludin, and Suman Jayaraman. "Design a Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Rotary Flexible Joint Robotic Arm." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815001011.
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The purpose of this research is to design a fuzzy logic feedback controller (FLC) in order to control a desired tip angle position a rotary flexible joint robotic arm. The FLC is also employed to dampen the vibration emanated from a rotary flexible joint robotic arm when reaching a desired tip angle position. The performance of FLC is tested in simulation and experiment. It is found that the FLC is successfully designed, applied and tested. The results show that fuzzy logic controller performed satisfactorily control a desired tip angle position and reduce the oscillations.
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Su, Liying, Lei Shi, and Yueqing Yu. "Collaborative Assembly Operation between Two Modular Robots Based on the Optical Position Feedback." Journal of Robotics 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/214154.
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This paper studies the cooperation between two master-slave modular robots. A cooperative robot system is set up with two modular robots and a dynamic optical meter-Optotrak. With Optotrak, the positions of the end effectors are measured as the optical position feedback, which is used to adjust the robots' end positions. A tri-layered motion controller is designed for the two cooperative robots. The RMRC control method is adopted to adjust the master robot to the desired position. With the kinematics constraints of the two robots including position and pose, joint velocity, and acceleration constraints, the two robots can cooperate well. A bolt and nut assembly experiment is executed to verify the methods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desired position"
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Kramer, Thomas, and Jürgen Weber. "Self-Sensing position determination on a sensor-designed proportional solenoid." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71245.
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Proportional valves are widely used in fluid systems for controlling the volume flow rate or fluid pressure. The actuation of this valves is done by PWM-driven proportional solenoids, which enable self-sensing position determination abilities due to air gap-dependent electrical behaviour, e. g. for condition monitoring or position controlling tasks. However, the sensor properties of conventional proportional solenoids are poor due to ambiguities caused by hysteresis effects (magnetic hysteresis, eddy currents) and saturation effects. Thus, a sensor-designed actuator was developed with very low hysteresis effects and unique position determination by using electrical sheet and a particular air gap design. This paper deals with investigations of a novel self-sensing position determination approach on a demonstrator of the sensor-designed solenoid. The advantage of this method is an online consideration of transient effects such as mean current change and armature motion as well as temperature-dependent resistance. For this, a combined evaluation of the differential inductance and flux linkage during PWM periods is proposed.
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Craft, Shonda Marie. "The impact of mental health, sexual desire, and sexual importance on the sexual behavior of women with HIV." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155698849.
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Owen, Kirsten. "Youth in the mix : an exploration of young people's position in a neighbourhood designed for social mix." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6986/.
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Social mix was a common feature of many New Labour neighbourhood-based policies. Within this vision young people are socially constructed as catalysts for social mixing. It was imagined that both their presence and use of local amenities would ensure interaction across pre-existing social divides. Using an innovative mixed methods approach, the research investigated whether young people in a mixed tenure neighbourhood fulfilled this vision. The thesis argues that a number of limitations exist to this vision for young people in the social mix agenda. Young people’s access to amenities such as public space and schools, key sites in this vision, are limited and controlled thereby reducing opportunities for social mixing. Furthermore, processes operating beyond the mixed tenure neighbourhood work to undermine social mix aspirations. Most notably, young people, especially those perceived to be from disadvantaged backgrounds, are socially constructed as ‘other’ and to be avoided, in direct conflict to social mix constructions. Rather than pre-existing social divides being abolished, the thesis proposes that those with the most power ensure that such divides are maintained and even strengthened.
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Laane, Kristjan. "The ins and outs of pleasure : roles and importance of hedonic value." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/236782.
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The focus of this thesis was the hedonic value of stimuli, which is more commonly known as pleasure or positive affect. First, the scientific meaning of hedonic value was dissected. Second, a classification identifying core causes of positive affect was created. The classification was derived from specific positive moments reported by individuals throughout a day (collected through experience sampling methodology). Seventeen triggers of positive affect were identified, which were extracted from the data rather than originating from theory. Third, affective influences on reflexive-like motor responses were investigated using an approach-avoidance task. Contrary to previous studies, approach reaction times were not speeded by highly affective stimuli. Instead, a novel non-emotional effect was found on reaction times, which could directly explain the current results, and those of previous studies, in non-affective terms. Fourth, the propagation of hedonic reactivity from pleasurable to neutral stimuli was investigated. Contrary to expectations, the evaluative conditioning procedure utilised did not exhibit a phenomenon called blocking. Instead, 'liking' spread non-selectively to all stimuli co-occurring with the source hedonic stimulus. Fifth, the positive effect of pleasure on goal-directed motivation was established: participants were found to press a food trigger harder for highly palatable snacks compared to bland snacks, even though participants were not informed about the hidden measurement of forces. Additionally, the impact of hedonic value on actual food intake was quantified with best-fit equations that predicted consumption at both the group and individual level. In the last study, hedonic habituation, or the inhibitory effect of pleasure on itself, was demonstrated: eating pleasant snacks, as compared to bland ones, reduced the hedonic ratings of test foods that were consumed afterwards. Finally, these inputs and outputs of hedonics were integrated into a model specifying principal roles of pleasure in human behaviour. This pleasure-incentive model explains the effects of pleasure on incentive motivation, and makes important predictions about the mechanisms of pathological conditions such as over-eating and drug addiction.
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Ancient, Claire. "Delivering positive reminiscence through a ubiquitous device application designed for people living with dementia and their care-givers." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/delivering-positive-reminiscence-through-a-ubiquitous-device-application-designed-for-people-living-with-dementia-and-their-caregivers(9ba79cf2-c29f-4743-a9b7-331e4e3ffb5c).html.
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Dementia is a progressive condition which is synonymous with cognitive decline. In the UK, it is estimated that the number of people living with the condition is 800,000, a figure which is anticipated to rise above 1 million people before 2021. Symptoms of dementia include short-term memory loss, communication problems and difficulties with reasoning. In addition to these symptoms, many people living with dementia experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression and apathy. Positive reminiscence is a non-pharmacological intervention which has the potential to improve the happiness of people living with dementia. Reminiscence utilises prompts, such as music and photographs, to evoke the long-term memories of the person with dementia, a capacity which is the last to be affected by the condition. Generally, reminiscence uses generic prompts, however, there is research suggesting that personalised memories lead to greater engagement in the activity. This research uses a mixed methods approach to develop a theory-based reminiscence program which can be implemented on a tablet computer and evaluate the potential for it to be accepted by people living with dementia and their care-givers. An initial study within this project found that personalised memories which use photographs, stories and music as stimuli are effective at evoking positive emotions in people over the age of 50. The research then develops a set of guidelines which can be used to design technology interaction to ensure that it is dementia friendly. Further research used these two areas of theory which have been developed to design and implement an application to facilitate the reminiscence program. The acceptance this application is then qualitatively assessed using people living with dementia and their informal care-givers. Results suggest there is the potential for the tablet application to be accepted by the target user group. This thesis makes a number of contributions to knowledge including the most effective types of stimuli and memories to evoke positive emotions, guidelines for dementia friendly technology interaction, and the potential for the theory-based reminiscence program implemented on a tablet computer to be accepted by people living with dementia and their care-givers.
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Sarniak, Rebecca H. Gil Karen M. "The effects of an online intervention designed to cultivate positive emotions on emotional and health outcomes in college students." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2184.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology Clinical Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Wheatley, Rikki K. "The Effectiveness of an Intervention Designed to Increase the Positive to Negative Ratio of Instructor Interactions During After-School Programming." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4280.
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Correlational research has shown the ratio of positive to negative interactions (PN ratio) between students and teachers may have an effect on the frequency and type of student behavior displayed in the context of teaching. Based on this research, PN ratio has become a prominent feature of many school improvement and teacher evaluation measures. While a variety of correlational data show a positive relationship between high PN ratios and improved student behavior in the classroom, there is little evidence assessing the extent to which instructors will increase PN ratios following didactic workshop training (relatively passive, one-session workshops with few opportunities for skill building). Additionally, the limited amount of available data suggests that increasing these ratios may be more difficult than expected. The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of two interventions used to train after-school instructors to increase PN ratios. The first intervention (workshop training) followed a didactic workshop-training model. The second intervention (coaching) included the components of the didactic workshop model with the addition of modeling, role-play, and performance feedback. In this study four instructors in an after-school program were randomly assigned to one of two groups to participate in training programs. These programs were designed to help them increase PN ratios when interacting with students during homework time in the after-school program. Group 1 received only the workshop training, and Group 2 received the workshop training as well as the coaching intervention. Instructor behaviors were recorded during 15-minute observation sessions, and PN ratios were calculated for each instructor. All observation sessions took place in the context of homework time during regularly scheduled after-school programming. The study used AB/ABC design to assess the success of the two training models. Instructors in Group 1 showed no increases in the frequency of positive interactions or PN ratios. Instructors in Group 2 showed an increased frequency of positive interactions and increased PN ratios in the coaching condition. Results are discussed in terms of increases and decreases in the daily frequency of positive and negative interactions as well as the overall increases in PN ratio.
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Sobie, Victoria. "Examining the implementation of a family-centred positive behaviour support approach designed to be sibling-friendly : a single-subject experimental investigation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46422.
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Research suggests that being a sibling of a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may come with unique and challenging experiences not typically experienced by siblings. Children with ASD and their siblings tend to have less close relationships and spend less time together. Siblings of children with ASD may also experience emotional or behavioural adjustment issues, which may be the result of such issues as the amount of problem behaviour exhibited by the child with ASD. Research to date on these sibling dyads has focused on improving interactions between siblings or decreasing challenging behaviour exhibited by the child with ASD toward the sibling. Positive behaviour support (PBS), with its focus on improving child and family quality of life, may offer a more comprehensive approach when intervening with these sibling dyads. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a PBS approach designed to be sibling-friendly on the challenging behaviour and participation of a child with ASD in two routines involving sibling interaction. Study participants included a child with ASD and an intellectual disability, her older typically developing sister, and their mother. Settings were a sibling play routine and a morning self-care routine in the family’s home. Dependent measures included routine steps successfully completed and problem behaviour. The study employed a single-case, multiple probe design across two routines, in combination with a one-point treatment withdrawal phase in the first routine. Due to professional requirements to graduate in the May convocation, the study was completed through baseline measurement in the two routines, and PBS plan design and initial training and support in the first routine. Preliminary results are discussed in terms of cautions and limitations, and directions for future research.
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Lindgren, Matilda. "Obligatorisk Sexualitet och Asexuell Existens : Patologiserad olust, (a)sexuella (icke)subjekt och frånvaro av begär som (o)möjliggjord position." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1345.
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<p>Mot bakgrund av att asexualitet på senare år formulerats som en möjlig sexuell identitet, orientering eller preferens är syftet med uppsatsen att teoretisera den asexuella positionen – här definierat som ”frånvaro av lust till sexuell praktik”. Detta görs genom en nära läsning av fyra texter som varit centrala inom feministisk och queer teoribildning, med intentionen att undersöka hur asexualitet positioneras i relation till dessa teorier. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna hämtas från feministiska och konstruktivistiska teorier om kön, sexualitet, makt och subjektstatus, främst Michel Foucault (1976)och Judith Butler (1990). Mina läsningar visar att i Gayle Rubins sexuella värdehierarki (1984) tilldelas positioner utifrån sexuellt aktörskap, och det är således sexuella subjekt som kan emanciperas. I Adrienne Rich’s text om obligatorisk heterosexualitet (1980) tillskrivs även den icke-sexuella kvinnan aktörskapet att undkomma tvångsheterosexualisering - Rich’s införande av ett lesbiskt kontinuum kan ses som en dekonstruktion av en sexuell kategori. I min läsning av Michael Warner (1993) frågar jag huruvida den queera metoden även kan användas till att ifrågasätta normer om att vara sexuell, och i min läsning av Butler (1990) diskuterar jag frånvaro av begär i relation till möjliga subjektspositioner inom ramen för en heterosexuell matris. I min slutdiskussion återknyter jag till Foucault, och problematiserar (a)sexualitet ur ett könsmaktsperspektiv. Jag avslutar med att problematisera den gränsdragning mellan sexuellt och icke-sexuellt vi alla ständigt avkrävs att göra.</p>
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Loyd-Pain, Jennifer. "What are the opportunities for introducing education provision in urban parks in Tallahassee, Florida that develops positive attitudes towards, and a desire to protect, native wildlife?" Thesis, London South Bank University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631740.
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Tallahassee, Florida is a rapidly growing small city for which human encroachment on wildlife habitat, and the conservation of natural resources in general, has become of paramount importance. It was within this context that the thesis examined the opportunities for introducing education provision in urban parks in Tallahassee, Florida that develops positive attitudes towards, and a desire to protect, native wildlife; or “conservation motivation”. The research aimed to assist educators in the non-formal sector, decision-making organizations and urban park administrators in the development of relevant programming, as well as to design pilot wildlife-based environmental education programs which may be applied as a model in other contexts. The theoretical framework for the project, including criteria for the evaluation of wildlife-based environmental education programs, was influenced by elements of previously developed learning concepts. These concepts include experiential learning, constructivism, and the complementary systems approach. The theoretical framework focused on how these theories inform the type of learning this endeavor sought to develop in city parks. Due to significant municipal economic limitations, it was imperative that programming be developed at minimal staff and financial cost. Given their accessibility, urban parks provide the ideal location for experiential wildlife-based education. The thesis statement that education concerning indigenous animal species that many often take for granted, and sometimes malign, will contribute to the development of positive attitudes towards, and the desire to protect, native wildlife was carried out through the investigation of three primary research questions (PRQs). The questions concerned existing provision for environmental education in, and linked to, public parks and local non-formal organizations and, arising from the former, the development of pilot programs for public parks in a small city. Data was collected via secondary and field-based primary research. The methods chosen to reflect an action-based research methodology and to correspond with the PRQs included semi-structured pre and post-program surveys, semi-structured interviews, and observations. It was determined that appropriately targeted experiential wildlife-based environmental education leads to the development of positive attitudes toward native wildlife. The impact on attitudes for the purpose of change, in this case fostering the desire to protect native wildlife, was largely favorable but requires additional study. Through consultation with the City of Tallahassee and related non-formal organizations, three wildlife-based pilot programs were developed for Tallahassee Parks, Recreation and Neighborhood Affairs (TPRNA), with two having been fully implemented and evaluated. The project addressed opportunities for further research in related areas, and provided the foundations on which to introduce expanded, accessible, low cost education provision in urban parks pertaining to native wildlife conservation.
Books on the topic "Desired position"
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Museum, Royal Ontario, and Wedge Curatorial Projects, eds. Position as desired: Exploring African Canadian identity : photographs from the Wedge Collection. Wedge Curatorial Projects, 2010.
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Rabinovits, Galiyah. ʻAl ha-gaʻaguʻim: Ḥakirah bi-psikhologyah opṭimit. Resling, 2013.
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Adair, Tim. Desire for children and unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women in Lesotho. Macro International, 2007.
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Peter, Ebner, Gerstenberg Frauke 1968-, Höllbacher Roman, and Technische Universität München. LWW Stiftungslehrstuhl für Wohnungsbau., eds. Housing moves on: Architects and their views = Positionen zum Wohnungsbau. Springer, 2008.
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Bhutkar, Ganesh, Barbara R. Barricelli, Qin Xiangang, et al., eds. Human Work Interaction Design. Artificial Intelligence and Designing for a Positive Work Experience in a Low Desire Society. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02904-2.
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Mele, Alfred R. Actions, Explanations, and Causes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0003.
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This chapter defends a causalist position on the explanation of intentional human actions. It defends the thesis that one necessary condition for an adequate explanation of such an action is that the explanation cite a cause of the action. Various options for a required causal condition are identified, including causation by reasons, by beliefs, desires, or intentions, by neural realizers of mental states of these kinds, or by facts about something the agents believed, desired, or intended. Leading anticausalist proposals are rebutted. A major problem highlighted for these proposals features cases in which an agent who has two or more reasons for performing a certain action performs it for only one of those reasons.
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Lauria, Federico. The “Guise of the Ought-to-Be”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370962.003.0006.
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How are we to understand the intentionality of desire? According to the two classical views, desire is either a positive evaluation or a disposition to act. This essay examines these conceptions of desire and argues for a deontic alternative, namely the view that desiring is representing a state of affairs as what ought to be. Three lines of criticism of the classical pictures of desire are provided. The first concerns desire’s direction of fit, i.e. the intuition that the world should conform to our desires. The second concerns the “death of desire” principle, i.e. the intuition that one cannot desire what one represents as actual. The last pertains to desire’s role in psychological explanations, i.e. the intuition that desires can explain motivations and be explained by evaluations. Following these criticisms, three positive arguments in favor of the deontic conception are sketched.
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Shaw, Cheryl, Sumona Production Staff, and Ariel Shaw. AS Consulting LLC Presents Business and Credit 101: Small Scale Compilation of Business and Credit Matters That Will Position You to Receive the Desired Success That You Are Seeking in Business! Independently Published, 2017.
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Kracke, Bernd, and Marc Ries. On Desire: Positionen Zeitbasierter und Immersiver Künste / Positions of Time-Based and Immersive Arts. Transcript Verlag, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Desired position"
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Sarver, Edwin J. "Power Calculations for Spherical and Toric Phakic IOLs." In Intraocular Lens Calculations. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_58.
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AbstractIn this chapter, methods for the calculation of stigmatic and toric phakic IOL (TPIOL) powers are presented. These methods include calculations for the ideal TPIOL power for a given eye and desired postoperative spectacle power, the prediction of the postoperative spectacle power for a selected TPIOL power different from the ideal power, the calculation of an exchange TPIOL in the event of an unacceptable refractive surprise, and the calculation of a lens position parameter on a per-case basis to provide a means of building a data set to optimize the predictability of future cases. Sample calculations are presented to demonstrate the use of these equations.
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Torkar, Drago. "Indoor Navigation with a Smartphone." In Intelligent Secure Trustable Things. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54049-3_8.
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AbstractThis chapter presents a cost-effective system for indoor localization and navigation that does not require the use of satellite positioning or data communication networks. The system, implemented as a smartphone app, relies on QR codes that are pre-generated and attached to the walls inside the building. By utilizing the information from these codes and the smartphone's inertial motion unit (IMU) sensors processed by the Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning (PDR) algorithm, the user's current position can be determined. The Dijkstra navigation algorithm is then used to guide the user to the desired destination. The smartphone app can also be used as a healthcare logistics service in mass-casualty incidents for collecting and reporting georeferenced triage decisions to the cloud.
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Li, Jialin, Denes Takacs, Jianwei Lu, Illes Voros, and Gabor Stepan. "Tuning Time Delays to Improve the Performance of a Steering Controller." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70392-8_69.
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AbstractTime delays and lags in control loops can cause instability and pose significant challenges to engineers. This study investigates a steering controller using the dynamic bicycle model, where the steering system dynamics are approximated by a steering lag. A higher-level controller calculates the desired steering angle based on the vehicle’s lateral position and yaw angle by considering various time delays related to these states. Stability charts are plotted for delay combinations, and the most stable gain setups for the feedback controller are determined. The results indicate that an appropriate increase in one of the time delays expands the stable domain of control gains for the vehicle system, and it enhances the performance of the vehicle controller.
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Ricarte, Joana. "Introduction." In Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16567-2_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter aims to situate the research puzzle by positioning its main object in the state-of-the-art. It introduces the main argument of the book which is that protracted peace processes occupy a central position in the cycle of protractedness insofar as the policies, narratives, norms and practices associated with them have the double potential of affecting identities in conflict by promoting dehumanization or reconciliation. While the former is the dominating feature of othering in protracted conflicts, what tends to be reinforced by the interactions and new grievances sparked by protracted peace processes through time, their parallel and coexisting dynamics point to the appearance of empirically observable activities and practices that have emerged alongside—as a consequence—and within the very framework—as a desired outcome—of the protracted peace process. By exploring the dual process of dehumanization and peace-less reconciliation in ongoing conflicts, this chapter delineates the contribution of the book connected with the analysis of the conditions that have allowed for one process to prevail over the other, which points to avenues for positive conflict transformation.
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Halleux, Jean-Marie, and Hans Leinfelder. "Land Policy in Belgium: How to Limit Land Take in a “Landowners’ Paradise”?" In Land Policies in Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83725-8_3.
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Abstract In Belgium, the relationship between individual property rights and collectively desired land use objectives has historically favoured landowners, leading to the country being described as a “landowners’ paradise”. However, this advantageous position for landowners presents a serious obstacle to controlling urban sprawl. In response to the European Union’s goal of limiting land take, Belgian authorities are now working to develop new policies that align with the no-net-land-take (NNLT) objective. This applies to the two main regions of the country: Flanders and Wallonia. Through the exploration of two cases in the Flemish city of Ghent, this contribution assesses how Flanders’ planning is designing strategies to meet the NNLT goals. A reflection on the similarities and differences with the policy approach in Wallonia to meet almost the same goals holds international relevance, as it demonstrates how two regions emerging from a common legal and planning framework can adopt substantially different strategies due to their respective contextual factors.
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Uwamori, Masahiro, Ryunosuke Osada, Ryoji Sugiyama, et al. "Overcoming Difficulties in Total Synthesis of (+)-Cotylenin A." In Modern Natural Product Synthesis. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_11.
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AbstractThe total synthesis of the natural product cotelynin A, which exhibits promising anti-cancer activity, is urgently required, as its source, Cladosporium sp. 501-7W, has lost its proliferative ability. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of cotelynin A. Contiguous asymmetric carbons at the C8 and C9 positions in the B-ring of the aglycon moiety of cotylenin A are difficult to construct after the formation of the B-ring via pinacol coupling. The revised synthesis of the aglycon moiety involved the alkenylation of a methyl ketone to construct the B-ring; for this convergent synthesis, one fragment was prepared using our catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation, and the other fragment was obtained via the acyl radical cyclization of a known aldehyde, which was prepared by sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of geraniol and subsequent rearrangement. Radical generation using a copper catalyst and TBHP was effective for an acyl radical cyclization. The two prepared fragments were then assembled via Utimoto coupling. The α-hydroxyketone at the C8-C9 position was stereoselectively reduced with Me4NBH(O2CiPr)3, which was newly prepared in this study, and led to the successful construction of the C8-C9 1,2-diol. A structurally unprecedented sugar moiety was synthesized for the first time by terminating successive reversible acetalizations with an irreversible epoxide ring-opening reaction. Although the glycosylation of the synthesized fragments proceeded with difficulty owing to steric hindrance around the C9 hydroxy group of the aglycone, the desired product was successfully obtained under the reaction conditions reported by Wan et al.
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Jones, Huw D. "Gene silencing or gene editing: the pros and cons." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0006.
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Abstract Research into plant genetics often requires the suppression or complete knockout of gene expression to scientifically validate gene function. In addition, the phenotypes obtained from gene suppression can occasionally have commercial value for plant breeders. Until recently, the methodological choices to achieve these goals fell into two broad types: either some form of RNA-based gene silencing; or the screening of large numbers of natural or induced random genomic mutations. The more recent invention of gene editing as a tool for targeted mutation potentially gives researchers and plant breeders another route to block gene function. RNAi is widely used in animal and plant research and functions to silence gene expression by degrading the target gene transcript. Although RNAi offers unique advantages over genomic mutations, it often leads to the formation of a genetically modified organism (GMO), which for commercial activities has major regulatory and acceptance issues in some regions of the world. Traditional methods of generating genomic mutations are more laborious and uncertain to achieve the desired goals but possess a distinct advantage of not being governed by GMO regulations. Gene editing (GE) technologies have some of the advantages of both RNAi and classical mutation breeding in that they can be designed to give simple knockouts or to modulate gene expression more subtly. GE also has a more complex regulatory position, with some countries treating it as another conventional breeding method whilst the EU defines GE as a technique of genetic modification and applies the normal GMO authorization procedures. This chapter explores the pros and cons of RNAi alongside other methods of modulating gene function.
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Jones, Huw D. "Gene silencing or gene editing: the pros and cons." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0047.
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Abstract Research into plant genetics often requires the suppression or complete knockout of gene expression to scientifically validate gene function. In addition, the phenotypes obtained from gene suppression can occasionally have commercial value for plant breeders. Until recently, the methodological choices to achieve these goals fell into two broad types: either some form of RNA-based gene silencing; or the screening of large numbers of natural or induced random genomic mutations. The more recent invention of gene editing as a tool for targeted mutation potentially gives researchers and plant breeders another route to block gene function. RNAi is widely used in animal and plant research and functions to silence gene expression by degrading the target gene transcript. Although RNAi offers unique advantages over genomic mutations, it often leads to the formation of a genetically modified organism (GMO), which for commercial activities has major regulatory and acceptance issues in some regions of the world. Traditional methods of generating genomic mutations are more laborious and uncertain to achieve the desired goals but possess a distinct advantage of not being governed by GMO regulations. Gene editing (GE) technologies have some of the advantages of both RNAi and classical mutation breeding in that they can be designed to give simple knockouts or to modulate gene expression more subtly. GE also has a more complex regulatory position, with some countries treating it as another conventional breeding method whilst the EU defines GE as a technique of genetic modification and applies the normal GMO authorization procedures. This chapter explores the pros and cons of RNAi alongside other methods of modulating gene function.
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O’Daly, Gerard. "Cities Real and Desired." In Augustine’s City Of God. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198263548.003.0001.
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Abstract When, in 412 or thereabouts, Augustine2 began to write the City of God, the Christian religion had for a century enjoyed a privileged position in the Roman empire. It owed this position pre-eminently to one man: Constantine, the first Christian emperor, who gained control over the western part of the empire by his victory at the battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312, and favoured and patronized Christianity in the western provinces from that time.
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Tran, Duong Nguyen Thuy. "The Influence of Positions, Theme Congruence, and Context Congruence on the Effectiveness of In-Stream Advertising." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-4361-6.ch006.
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Online video advertising has surged alongside the growth of online video consumption, blending traditional branding with interactive potential. This study evaluates the effectiveness of in-stream video ads based on position, theme congruence, and context congruence. It aims to identify impactful conditions and positions for ads and assess their impact on memory, attitude, and purchase intention. The research reviews prior literature on in-stream advertising, congruence, and position effects, hypothesizing that congruence enhances ad effectiveness, while position influences ad recall and viewer engagement. Empirical research involving 80 respondents in April 2024 confirms these hypotheses, revealing that incongruent ads at the beginning enhance logo recall, while congruent ads improve product awareness. Thematic congruence with context incongruence at video start and end elicits the most positive viewer attitudes and desires. The findings offer insights for marketers to optimize in-stream ad effectiveness based on desired outcomes and placement considerations.
Conference papers on the topic "Desired position"
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Lin, S., H. Zhu, S. Clayton, et al. "Sub-micron Ultracold Neutron Position Resolution using Chip Based Optical Neural Network." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.af2d.2.
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High spatial resolution of ultracold neutron (UCN) measurements of 1 µm or less is highly desired for many UCN experiments. Optical neural networks are potential radiation-hard hardware platforms for real-time, energy-efficient analysis of UCN hits.(LA-UR-23-33103)
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Zhang, Hao, Paul Ukrainetz, Peter Nikiforuk, and Rich Burton. "Neural Adaptive Control of a MIMO Electrohydraulic Servosystem." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1275.
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Abstract Electrohydraulic servomechanisms are well known for their fast dynamic response, high power to inertia ratio, and control accuracy. If the system dynamics can be precisely described and the plant dynamics vary in the vicinity of the designed operation point, a fixed parameter controller may be designed using conventional control theory to acquire the desired output. However, for most industrial systems, it is very difficult to describe the system precisely. In addition, due to disturbances, variations of loads, and changing process dynamics, the system parameters may vary. A neural network approach, using the parallel distributed processing concept with the capability of an ever-improving performance through a dynamic learning process, provides a powerful adaptation ability; its implementation is thus quite feasible for the control of electrohydraulic servosystems. The objective of this research was to apply the neural network control architecture to a nonlinear multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) electrohydraulic servosystem to improve its position and force output performance. This objective was achieved through the use of a neural adaptive control scheme. A neuro-controller was implemented as a subsystem to control the real-time electrohydraulic system so as to track the desired signals defined by a reference model when subjected to system internal interactions and load variations. Experiments were conducted to illustrate the feasibility and benefits of the neural network approach in comparison with the traditional PID control strategies. The position and force outputs of the plant followed the reference model outputs successfully. The proposed control scheme forced the plant outputs to track those of the reference model simultaneously under changes of the load disturbances.
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Kim, Sang-Jae, Ick-Ho Whang, and Chanho Song. "Guidance law for formation flight via desired position." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2009.5214353.
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Niyogi, Siddhartha, and Gary L. Kinzel. "Forcing the Burmester Curves Into Desired Regions Using Position Tolerances." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5924.
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Abstract This paper develops a method for forcing the Burmester curves to pass through desired regions, specifically, points. Numerical optimization with constraints is used. Some, or all, of the design positions are considered to have small tolerances associated with them. Those positions that have tolerances are then considered to be the variables used in the optimization and a set of positions is found such that it is as close as possible to a desired nominal set.
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Yang, Shiyuan, and Teruo Shimomura. "Improvements of quantized kinoform reconstruction by changing the position of the desired image." In Optical Engineering for Sensing and Nanotechnology (ICOSN '99), edited by Ichirou Yamaguchi. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.347810.
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Ceccarelli, Marco, and Erika Ottaviano. "An Analytical Design for CaPaMan With Prescribed Position and Orientation." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14099.
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Abstract A desired workspace can be described by a set of points, which prescribe desired positions and orientations of the movable plate of a parallel manipulator. In this paper we have proposed a formulation for designing CaPaMan (Cassino Parallel Manipulator) when position and orientation of the movable plate are prescribed. A numerical procedure has been deduced to solve design parameters by using analytical formulation of Direct and Inverse Kinematics for CaPaMan architecture.
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Rosas-Flores, José A., Jaime Alvarez-Gallegos, and Rafael Castro-Linares. "Position Control of an Underactuated Planar 2R Manipulator." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24629.
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Abstract In this paper the problem of regulation of an underactuated planar 2R manipulator is solved by tracking appropriate planned trajectories. A class of parametric trajectories is propossed to reach a desired configuration. The parameters of the trajectories are found by using an optimization algorithm. Besides, a feedback control is proposed to regulate the manipulator under error modeling and small desviations on the initial conditions. By using simulations, it is illustrated that if the coordinates of the underactuated system track the planned trajectories then the system reaches the desired configuration.
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Rastgoftar, Hossein, and Ella M. Atkins. "Deployment of an Arbitrary Distribution of a Multi-Agent System With Finite Size on a Desired Formation." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9752.
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This paper considers the problem of deploying an arbitrary multi-agent system in a desired formation over an n-dimensional motion space. Each agent is considered to be a ball and collision avoidance is addressed. System evolution in ℝn is decomposed into n one dimensional motion problems, where evolution of the agents qth (q = 1, 2, 3) components are independently guided by two q-leaders. The remaining agents are considered q-followers, updating the qth component of their positions by local interactions with two neighboring q-agents. Communications among the q-agents are weighted by values consistent with the qth position components of agents in the desired configuration. This paper shows how specifying certain constraints on q-leader motion can address the problem of inter-agent collision avoidance when followers acquire their desired positions only by local communication.
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Parra-Vega, Vicente, Anand Sanchez, Carlos Izaguirre, and Fatima Oliva. "Position Tracking With Time-Varying Desired Yaw of Quadrotors: Basics and Applications in SE(3)." In ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference. ASME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2012-movic2012-8817.
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Božović, Milan. "Fake Victims of Traffic Accidents." In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.22.
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Efforts by UN member states aimed at reducing the number of deaths in traffic accidents have yielded results, but the outcomes are far from desired, necessitating further efforts to reduce deaths. Traffic safety management is based on principles of general prevention and the findings of statistical reports on traffic accidents highlighting influential factors, collected and processed according to the CaDaS (Common Accident Data Set) protocol. Expert examination of traffic accidents identifies specific problems to be addressed with preventive measures, as well as fake victims of traffic accidents, which should be disregarded in traffic safety management processes to achieve the desired effect. Fake victims of traffic accidents impede traffic safety management, burden judicial and prosecutorial processes, insurance companies, and often obstruct investigations, prevent the defense of the accused, hinder the pursuit of justice and fairness, and jeopardize the rights of other participants in the proceedings.
Reports on the topic "Desired position"
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Kharadzhian, Natalia, Larysa Savchenko, Karyna Safian, Yuliia Kulinka, and Oksana Mykolaivna Kopylova. Future Professional Education Specialists’ Mastering of Project Methodology of Creating Pedagogical Situations in the Service Sector. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4142.
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The article reveals the problems of mastering by future specialists of the project methodology of creating pedagogical situations in higher education institutions as a means of improving the quality of education. Objectives of the article: to determine the influence of the project method on the creation of pedagogical situations in the process of teaching students; the choice of logic and mechanism of design actions depends on the purpose and the initial conceptual position regarding the subject reincarnates; to study the influence of pedagogical situations on the quality of education in the higher pedagogical school; to diagnose the implementation of the projects method and pedagogical situations in the process of education at the university. The project method provides the presence of a problem that requires integrated knowledge and research for its solution. The results of the planned activities should have practical, theoretical and cognitive significance. Modeling of pedagogical situations is the process of formation of situations-models which simulate the state and dynamics of the educational process and fix the contradiction between the achieved and desired in the personality development in a certain time interval. During the forming experiment, pedagogical situations were used to form the professional competence of the future specialist.
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Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.
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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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Simpson, Lea, Alice Carter, Asad Rahman, and Daniel Plaut. Eight Reasons Why EdTech Doesn’t Scale: How sandboxes are designed to counter the issue. EdTech Hub, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0116.
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The EdTech Hub’s sandbox approach offers implementers and decision makers a clear way to implement and scale only the most effective EdTech interventions. In this position paper we share our view on why EdTech isn’t scaling and how we see the sandboxes approach addressing them. Keywords: innovation; implementation; sandboxes; EdTech; scale; experimentation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Anthony Venables, and Khady Dia-Sarr. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Dakar. UNHabitat, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/3.
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The city of Dakar is one of the only cities in Africa to come close to taking a municipal bond to market. The US$40 million bond, set to launch in 2014, was designed to fund a new market hall for informal traders in the city. The market would relocate more than 4,000 street vendors, with the aim of moving them from side streets into a safe and central place to sell their goods, with access to credit agencies and other market services. Development partners, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Bank’s Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), Cities Alliance, and USAID, played a crucial role in making the bond terms viable – both in shouldering the financial burden of developing internal creditworthiness, and in providing expertise and guarantees to reduce the risk. Although the bond’s launch was ultimately stopped by national government decree, the process of preparing for the bond has greatly improved the financial management capabilities and creditworthiness of the city. As a result, Dakar’s bond journey is still paying dividends to the city today, with a number of successful concessional and commercial loans. The process also deepened the city’s connection with its residents – with small bond denominations, informal traders were one of the key investors. The motivation for the bond was in part due to the city’s lack of control over its financial resources. While the most recent decentralisation law amendment, Acte III de la Décentralisation of 2013, has seen many responsibilities devolved to the local level, finances to deliver on this new mandate have not followed. In fact, all revenue and expenditure for local governments in Senegal are processed at the national level, leaving little room or incentive for financial reform. Surprisingly, despite this, the law gives local governments relative independence in taking on debt. This meant that when Mayor Sall came into office with a vision for change, the only viable financing opportunity within the city of Dakar’s control was via the latter. This legislated independence is also the reason why the halting of the bond was so heavily contested. The city of Dakar provides an example of the importance of the political landscape in effecting any innovative reforms, as well as the need for the national government to buy-in to the fact that successful cities are in their interest as well. This is particularly critical in Dakar’s case, given the city’s finances are managed at the national level. Fortuitously, the national government is now beginning to focus on improving local revenues, primarily through property taxes, as well as better coordination amongst different stakeholders through a dedicated department and the ‘Local Fiscality Commissions’ described below.
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Liebchen, Christian. An Integer Programming Model to Assign Train Drivers to Good Positions in Basic Turni. Technische Hochschule Wildau, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15771/1935.
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We are reporting on a project on duty rostering of a train operating company in Germany. There, in the past, rostering took place on a purely individual basis. As the goal of the project, the train drivers should work according to a set of 20 essentially fixed basic turni. These plans took into effect from January 2024 on. In this extended abstract, we are focusing on a specific task that had to be resolved within the transition process. In particular, the fixed turni are intended to repeat periodically, most of them after 17 weeks. In particular, for that one turnus is equipped with train drivers in a balanced way, 17 employees have to be assigned to this turnus, each of them to one of the 17 different weeks of the turnus to start. To cover each day of the week, the weeks of the turnus typically differ in their number of working days. Since the holidays of the train drivers had been already planned in advance, depending on the starting week, during the entire year, a smaller or larger number of working days of the turnus could be erased by the individual holidays. In order to preserve as many working days as necessary, a straightforward mixed-integer linear optimization problem has been designed and solved, to decide which train driver should start to work in which week of the turnus. The solution of this optimization run has been finally applied in practice.
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Baek, Carolyn, and Naomi Rutenberg. Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive PMTCT clients: Baseline findings from an operations research study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1000.
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Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women is an effective approach to reducing pediatric HIV infection and vital to meeting HIV-positive women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Although contraceptive services for HIV-positive women is one of the cornerstones of a comprehensive program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a review of PMTCT programs found that implementers have not prioritized family planning (FP). While there is increasing awareness about the importance of FP and HIV integration, data about FP from PMTCT clients are lacking. The Horizons Program is conducting an operations research study testing several community-based strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a densely settled urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Strategies being piloted include moving PMTCT services closer to the population via a mobile clinic and increasing psychosocial support for HIV-positive women. This research update presents key findings about FP at PMTCT sites, including the interaction between providers and clients as well as HIV-positive women’s fertility desires and demand for contraceptives, from the baseline cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with postpartum women.
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Kwiat, Paul, Eric Chitambar, Andrew Conrad, and Samantha Isaac. Autonomous Vehicle-Based Quantum Communication Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-020.
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Quantum communication was demonstrated using autonomous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), as well as autonomous vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Supporting critical subsystems including compact size, weight, and power (SWaP) quantum sources; optical systems; and pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) subsystems were designed, developed, and tested. Novel quantum algorithms were created and analyzed, including quantum position verification (QPV) for mobile autonomous vehicles. The results of this research effort can be leveraged in support of future cross-platform, mobile quantum communication networks that provide improved security, more accurate autonomous sensors, and connected quantum computing nodes for next-generation, smart-infrastructure systems.
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Crouch, Alfred E. PR-15-923-R01 Planning Strategy on In-Line Inspection Tool to Detect and Size Longitudinal Cracks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011386.
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Pipeline operators, through several industry surveys, have expressed a need for in-line inspection services to detect and size stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). The reality of the SCC situation has become apparent in published literature and has been acknowledged by the NDT Supervisory Committee of the Pipeline Research Committee (PRC) in a position paper that calls for support of a cooperative program to develop SCC ILl by 1995. The project reported in this document was designed to help structure that program. The project objectives were to identify and recommend needed nondestructive evaluation (NUE) research and to conceive a cooperative financing plan by which the costs of development could be shared by all industry components.
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Allen, Luke, Joon Lim, Robert Haehnel, and Ian Dettwiller. Helicopter rotor blade multiple-section optimization with performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41031.
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This paper presents advancements in a surrogate-based, rotor blade design optimization framework for improved helicopter performance. The framework builds on previous successes by allowing multiple airfoil sections to designed simultaneously to minimize required rotor power in multiple flight conditions. Rotor power in hover and forward flight, at advance ratio 𝜇 = 0.3, are used as objective functions in a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The framework is constructed using Galaxy Simulation Builder with optimization provided through integration with Dakota. Three independent airfoil sections are morphed using ParFoil and aerodynamic coefficients for the updated airfoil shapes (i.e., lift, drag, moment) are calculated using linear interpolation from a database generated using C81Gen/ARC2D. Final rotor performance is then calculated using RCAS. Several demonstrative optimization case studies were conducted using the UH-60A main rotor. The degrees of freedom for this case are limited to the airfoil camber, camber crest position, thickness, and thickness crest position for each of the sections. The results of the three-segment case study show improvements in rotor power of 4.3% and 0.8% in forward flight and hover, respectively. This configuration also yields greater reductions in rotor power for high advance ratios, e.g., 6.0% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.35, and 8.8% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.4.
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Chaithongwongwatthana, Surasith, Jintanat Ananworanich, Nadia Kancheva Landolt, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Nittaya Phanuphak, and Nipay Teeratakulpisarn. Reproductive health and HIV contraception and the prevention of HIV infection-Conception and contraception in Thai people living with HIV : Report of project results. Chulalongkorn University, 2011. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2011.16.
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Abstract Objective: To assess sex practices, contraceptive methods used and the intention for conception in Thai heterosexual HIV-positive women and men, who are either married or in a stable relationship. Methods: We applied a mixed research method, by gathering quantitative data, via administering a questionnaire, and qualitative data, via conducting focus group discussions (FGD). 200 HIV-positive men and women at HIV-NAT clinic and Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Eleven female participants took part in two FGD, based on their intention for conception. Statistical analysis: We used descriptive statistics to present the results from the questionnaire. To assess association between two variables of interest we applied logistic regression or Chi-square exact test. We used a narrative approach to present the results from the FGD. Results: The median age of the participants was 37 years, and they were living for a median of 8.5 years with HIV. Almost all participants were sexually active and almost all were on successful antiretroviral therapy. The most cornmon choice of contraception for women was the male condom, followed by female sterilization (40%). Half of them reported the use of dual contraception. Almost all rnen reported consistent condom use. Most of the participants had sex with their main partner, of whom one-third were HIV-negative. One-fifth of men had sexual relationship with an occasional partner. The intention for conception was significantly less after being diagnosed with HIV. Nevertheless, 25% of the participants expressed a desire to have a child. There was a significant association between the intention for conception and the fewer years of being married and the lower number of living children. Men and women with higher levels of education tended to have a stronger desire for a child. Discussion: Thai men and women with stable HIV and married or in a stable relationship are sexually active and tend to practise safe sex. Many desire to have children. Therefore, there is a need to provide comprehensive reproductive health care services to this group of people. HIV-positive rnen and women, who want to have children, should be supported and counseled regarding safe ways to conceive. For those who do not want to have children, there is a substantial choice of contraceptive methods.