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Journal articles on the topic 'Desistance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Horan, Rachel N. "Restorative justice: the relevance of desistance and psychology." Safer Communities 14, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-06-2015-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this position paper is to assess the contribution of restorative justice to the desistance paradigm with a particular focus upon the psychology of these approaches. Design/methodology/approach – Risk, need and responsivity approaches to offender intervention are discussed and compared with the desistance paradigm. An integrative approach of the two methods is proposed and the value of desistance approaches is highlighted in understanding processes of change and how restorative justice approaches can best contribute. Findings – Discussion of desistance theory and the consideration of primary, secondary and tertiary desistance stages leads to the exploration of interplays in social and the human capital and the contribution of restorative justice to the desistance process. A desistance process that belongs to the desister is proposed to be supported by restorative justice processes. Practical implications – Conceptualising the interplay of human and social capital within primary, secondary and tertiary desistance is suggested improve the responsivity of restorative processes, promote desistance, reduce recidivism and better support children’s rights. It provides justification to extend restorative approaches to 18-24-year-old young adults and to different settings. Restorative justice evaluation should consider the process of restorative justice and its outcome measurement could better consider desistance stages. Originality/value – The position paper outlines the unique contribution that restorative justice approaches can make in supporting desistance. It outlines a relevant conceptualisation of desistance to advance knowledge through an improved understanding of process to improve responsivity of restorative approaches and of evaluation practice.

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Au, Grace W. Y., and Dennis S. W. Wong. "Desistance from Crime among Chinese Delinquents: The Integrated Effects of Family Bonding, Prosocial Models, and Religious Bonding." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105894.

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Desistance from crime is a popular topic in global criminological research; however, few studies have focused on desistance among delinquent youth, particularly in non-Western societies. This study extends the current knowledge by examining pathways of youth desistance in Hong Kong. Thirty delinquent youth and six parent–child dyads were interviewed, and the study found that filial piety significantly impacts the process of youth desistance. Three main forms of social capital were closely associated with youth desistance: the revival of reciprocal family bonding, the presence of a prosocial role model, and religious bonding. An interactive model was constructed to illustrate the seven stages of desistance and highlight the key elements for successful desistance among youth delinquents in Hong Kong.

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Cid, José, and Joel Martí. "Imprisonment, Social Support, and Desistance: A Theoretical Approach to Pathways of Desistance and Persistence for Imprisoned Men." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 13 (December 25, 2015): 1433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15623988.

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Desistance should be the main ground for reentry policies for imprisoned offenders. However, theories on desistance are diverse, and they disagree about the key factors related to the origin, maintenance, and failures of the desistance process. This research considers three main theories of desistance—control, cognitive transformation, and strain-social support—to explain desistance in a sample of imprisoned men in Spain. The main finding of the research is that strain-social support theory may be of primary importance for understanding desistance because of its capacity to explain processes of change that begin during imprisonment and that continue upon release.

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Bushway, Shawn, and Christopher Uggen. "Fostering Desistance." Contexts 20, no. 4 (November 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15365042211058123.

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In the past three decades, social scientists have made real progress in understanding “desistance,” or the process of transitioning away from criminal behavior. Yet criminal justice policies and practices have been slow to adopt the lessons of life course criminology. Connecting research on desistance theories, particularly identity-based theories, to reentry policies is crucial to understanding the context of criminal offending. Repeated interactions between individuals involved in crime and the police, courts or prison populations can actually increase the salience of criminal identities and strengthen relationships with others involved in crime. Alternatively, movement toward more positively valued adult roles can help foster and gradually stabilize non-criminal identities through the same role commitment process. As a short-term reform, “the problem facing those returning to civilian life from prison is fundamentally a problem of entry rather than reentry.” Furthermore, if the task of entry is one of integrating into “pro-social adult life”, people need programs that support desistance by fostering success in education, employment, family relationships, maintaining a residence, and participating as a citizen in the community. In the medium-term, we see a crucial need to eliminate most collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement because “It makes little sense for a system to encourage or support the adoption of an identity if the people who pass through it are marked as unredeemable.” Finally, there is a long-term need to eliminate structural barriers that prevent people from fully participating in civil society and minimize crime through equitable social policy.

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5

Fox, Kathryn J. "Desistance frameworks." Aggression and Violent Behavior 63 (March 2022): 101684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101684.

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6

Davey, Linda, Andrew Day, and Michael Balfour. "Performing Desistance." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 59, no. 8 (April 6, 2014): 798–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x14529728.

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7

Birgden, Astrid. "Maximizing Desistance." Criminal Justice and Behavior 42, no. 1 (October 3, 2014): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854814550024.

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8

Hylton, Jamal. "Acknowledging desistance." Probation Journal 61, no. 3 (September 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550514547666.

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9

Van Roeyen, Sofie, Sarah Anderson, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Charlotte Colman, and Freya Vander Laenen. "Desistance in drug-using offenders: A narrative review." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 5 (December 25, 2016): 606–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816682980.

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The majority of available desistance research has examined desistance in the general offender population. However, applying the desistance approach to specific groups of offenders has potential to enrich our knowledge since their change processes show differences compared with those of the general offender population. Drug-using offenders is the group of offenders that has received most attention from desistance researchers. This article presents a narrative review of 15 studies that focus on desistance in this population. This review opted for a strict interpretation of ‘drug-using offenders’ in which two constitutive elements had to be present for inclusion, namely drug use and offending. Results indicate that only a limited amount of research applies the language of desistance to drug-using offenders. Also, it was apparent from the review that drug-using offenders are approached interchangeably with ‘desistance’ language and ‘recovery’ language. This review thus identifies gaps within the existing desistance literature, and it is expected that the further application of desistance language to drug-using offenders can build a better understanding of why and how drug-using offenders desist from drug use and offending. Further interdisciplinary research should be conducted on specific offender populations to improve understanding of the change process(es), which seems to be dual in nature but with a dynamic interplay between desistance and recovery.

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10

Abeling-Judge, David. "Stopping Out and Going Back: The Impact of Educational Attainment on Criminal Desistance Among Stopped-Out Offenders." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 527–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719828352.

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Education has been consistently studied as a source of crime prevention and control, but the relevance of returning and completing educational degrees among offenders who drop out, as an opportunity to further the process of desistance, has not received empirical attention. The current study addresses this gap in desistance research by examining the impact of educational return and specific degree attainment on desistance from crime using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Results indicate that reenrolling in educational pursuits can produce partial desistance effects as does specific degree attainment. The findings suggest a reconsideration of education as both a source of prevention and desistance and expands theoretical and practical discussion of desistance through educational pursuits.

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11

Cheung, Chau-kiu, Jessica Chi-mei Li, and Tak-yan Lee. "Social Work Contribution to Desistance Among At-Risk Youth." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 5 (October 7, 2016): 1216–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16672865.

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Desistance as a process to forgo delinquent habits is an important target for intervention into youth at risk of delinquency. The intervention through social work services, nevertheless, has not clearly demonstrated its effectiveness. For such a demonstration, the present study examines the contribution of social work services with reference to the voluntaristic theory of action. The theory suggests that promoting the youth’s voluntarism underlying desistance, encompassing appreciation, facilitation, observation, and identification concerning desistance is essential. The suggestion leads to the hypothesis that social work services promote the youth’s desistance through the promotion of voluntarism for desistance. This hypothesis gets support from this study of 586 at-risk youths in Hong Kong, with data collected from both the youths and their responsible social workers. The support implies the value of social work services for sustaining the youth’s desistance.

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Weaver, Beth. "Understanding desistance: a critical review of theories of desistance." Psychology, Crime & Law 25, no. 6 (January 7, 2019): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2018.1560444.

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13

Vidal, Sabrina, Frédéric Ouellet, and Marie-Ève Dubois. "Walking Into the Sunset: How Criminal Achivement Shapes the Desistance Process: Criminal Achievement and the Desistance Process." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 11 (April 2, 2020): 1529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820913316.

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According to the criminal career paradigm, the link between past and future criminal activities is important and the desistance process may vary for individuals whose criminal trajectories were punctuated by failure compared with those who achieved a certain level of success. This study, based on the life narratives of 27 individuals who maintained a state of nonoffending for more than a year, examines how criminal achievement modulates the desistance process. The aim is to understand whether criminal achievement acts as a barrier or a facilitator in the desistance process. A short questionnaire based on the life-history calendar method was used to classify individuals according to the parameters of their criminal careers. Narrative life stories were then used to look at the obstacles and frustrations encountered during desistance. The results show the relation between criminal achievement and desistance is complex: success in criminal activities is not always hindering desistance.

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Barr, Úna, and Natalie Christian. "A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance." Probation Journal 66, no. 4 (October 20, 2019): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550519881684.

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While criminological literature, criminal justice practice, and to a lesser extent, state policy have acknowledged a link between women’s criminalisation and gendered violence (MoJ, 2018; Österman, 2018; Prison Reform Trust, 2017; Roberts, 2015), there has been much less acknowledgement of the role of historical and contemporaneous experiences of violence in the desistance scripts of criminalised women. Combining findings from two research projects exploring gender and desistance, this article argues that (i) criminalised women’s experiences of gendered violence are such that any exploration of gender and desistance which does not acknowledge this is incomplete, (ii) coercion and control can inform women’s entry into the criminal justice system, (iii) expressions of agency and resistance in abusive interpersonal relationships can also inform women’s offending, yet (iv) women’s experiences of desistance from crime can mask the harm they face in coercive, controlling, and violent relationships. Thus, the article argues for a reframing of desistance from crime as desistance from harm both theoretically and in practice, and considers what this might entail.

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15

Bartels, Lorana. "HOPE probation: A new path to desistance?" European Journal of Probation 9, no. 3 (December 2017): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220317741882.

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This article seeks to understand Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) program through a desistance framework. The article commences with a brief overview of the literature on desistance and HOPE. It then explains how HOPE works. The main section of the paper describes observations of HOPE in action and the extent to which these align with McNeill et al.’s (2012) eight principles of desistance. The paper concludes with some observations on the HOPE program as a pathway towards hope, desistance and the promise of better communities.

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Reed, Rachel. "‘A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance’: A practitioner’s response." Probation Journal 67, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550520942842.

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This article is a response to Barr and Christian’s article ‘A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance’. Based on the findings of two separate but interlinked projects considering women’s qualitative desistance experiences in the community, Barr and Christian argue for a reframing of desistance from crime as desistance from harm when working with women in the criminal justice system. This article seeks to consider this reframing in terms of probation practice and contemplates some of the structural and cultural barriers which may currently stand in the way.

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17

Colman, Charlotte, and Freya Vander Laenen. "“Recovery Came First”: Desistance versus Recovery in the Criminal Careers of Drug-Using Offenders." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/657671.

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The aim of our paper is to gain insight in the desistance process of drug-using offenders. We explore the components of change in the desistance process of drug-using offenders by using the cognitive transformation theory of Giordano et al. as a theoretical framework. The desistance process of drug-using offenders entails a two-fold process: desistance of criminal offending and recovery. The results however indicate that desistance is subordinate to recovery because of the fact that drug-using offenders especially see themselves as drug users and not as “criminals.” Their first goal was to start recovery from drug use. They were convinced that recovery from drug use would lead them to a stop in their offending. In the discussion, we explore the implications of this result for further research.

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18

Hampson, Kathy S. "Desistance Approaches in Youth Justice – The Next Passing Fad or a Sea-Change for the Positive?" Youth Justice 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225417741224.

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Youth justice in England and Wales has followed a risk-orientated model for almost two decades, requiring interventions with young people to mitigate assessed risk factors for offending. The desistance revolution evident in much of the adult system and research has been slow to influence change. The Youth Justice Board recently established the desistance-led AssetPlus assessment model, proclaiming that it will facilitate this change. However, youth justice practitioners appear not to have been able to apply desistance theory, resulting in ‘business as usual’ assessments and deficit-focused intervention plans. How can desistance be truly embedded in a system still dominated by risk?

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Hale, Rachel. "Good Intentions: Women’s Narratives of Post-Release Anticipatory Desistance in the Context of Historical and Contemporary Disadvantage and Trauma." Feminist Criminology 15, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 519–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120923403.

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Desistance theorizing has concentrated on the male experience resulting in relatively less knowledge about how criminalized women negotiate nonoffending, particularly from a qualitative perspective. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with eight formerly incarcerated women in Victoria, Australia, this research explores the anticipation of desistance in the context of experiences preceding and following incarceration. The findings highlight how individual-level intentions to cease offending can be eclipsed by historical and ongoing disadvantage and trauma. In emphasizing the gendered socio-structural barriers affecting women’s desistance efforts, this article contributes to a small, yet important, emerging discourse—a form of critical feminist desistance.

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Kawamura-Reindl, Gabriele. "Desistance from Crime." Soziale Arbeit 67, no. 8 (2018): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0490-1606-2018-8-287.

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Carson, Dena C., Dana Peterson, and Finn-Aage Esbensen. "Youth Gang Desistance." Criminal Justice Review 38, no. 4 (December 2013): 510–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016813511634.

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22

Frisher, Martin, and Helen Beckett. "Drug use desistance." Criminology & Criminal Justice 6, no. 1 (February 2006): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895806060670.

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Hucklesby, Anthea. "Vehicles of desistance?" Criminology & Criminal Justice 8, no. 1 (February 2008): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895807085869.

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Hallett, Michael, and J. Stephen McCoy. "Religiously Motivated Desistance." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 59, no. 8 (February 16, 2014): 855–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x14522112.

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Kazemian, Lila. "Desistance From Crime." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 23, no. 1 (February 2007): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986206298940.

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Robinson-Edwards, Shona, and Craig Pinkney. "Black men, religiosity and desistance: exploring Islam, desistance and identity." Safer Communities 17, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2017-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of Ibrahim, an ex-offender who has embraced Islam. Ibrahim professes Islam to be the influential element to his desistance process. This study explores Ibrahim’s journey, emphasising and reflecting upon youth; criminality and religiosity. Much of the current research relating to Black men and offending is limited to masculinity, father absence, gangs and criminality. The role of religiosity in the lives of offenders and/or ex-offenders is often overlooked. The authors suggest that identity, religiosity and desistance can raise a host of complexities while highlighting the unique challenges and benefits experienced by Ibrahim, following the practice of religion. Design/methodology/approach This paper took a qualitative, ethnographic approach, in the form of analysing and exploring Ibrahim’s personal lived experience. The analysis of semi-structured interviews, and reflective diaries, utilising grounded theory allowed the formation of the following three core themes: desistance, religion and identity. Findings The findings within this paper identify an interlink between desistance, religion and identity. The role of religiosity is becoming increasingly more important in academic social science research. This paper highlights the complexities of all three above intersections. Research limitations/implications This paper explores the complexities of religiosity in the desistance process of Ibrahim. Research in relation to former gang members in the UK and the role of religiosity in their lives is fairly under-researched. This paper seeks to build on existing research surrounding gang, further exploring religiosity from a UK context. Practical implications Time spent with Ibrahim had to be tightly scheduled, due to the work commitments of both Ibrahim and the researcher. Therefore, planning had to be done ahead in an efficient manner. Social implications Researching the way individuals experience the world is a “growing phenomenon”. This paper aimed to explore the lived experience of religiosity from the perspective of Ibrahim. However, it was important to not stereotype and label all Black males who have embraced Islam and desisted from crime. Therefore, this paper’s intention is not to stereotype Black men, but to raise awareness and encourage further discussion surrounding the role of religiosity in the lives of ex-offenders’. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, studies specifically focusing on the role of Islam in the life of an ex-offender are few and far between. Therefore, findings from this study are important to develop further understanding surrounding religiosity, offending and desistance. This study explores the lived experiences of Ibrahim, an former gang member and ex-offender who professes Islam to be a fundamental source to his desistance process.

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Hofinger, Veronika. "Mission Impossible? The professionalisation of Austrian probation between desistance and “what works”." European Journal of Probation 11, no. 1 (April 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220319852372.

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Over the last few years, desistance research has gained importance as an alternative to the risk-based “what works” approach. When significant proponents speak of a new desistance-paradigm arising, it has to be borne in mind that their analyses focus mainly on the practice of probation in the UK where dramatic restructuring and cost-cutting were implemented under the “what works” label. This paper presents the results of a research project investigating the implementation of a cognitive behavioural programme in probation in Austria. This programme, developed on the basis of “what works” and Risk-Need-Responsivity ("RNR")-principles, is assessed from a desistance perspective. Probationers themselves reflect on what helped them to “go straight” and what role the programme played in the desistance process. It is shown that the “what works”- and the desistance-perspective may complement each other under specific circumstances, even if certain conceptual differences remain.

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Harris, Danielle Arlanda. "Desistance From Sexual Offending: Behavioral Change Without Cognitive Transformation." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 20 (August 5, 2015): 3049–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515596537.

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The treatment and management of sexual offenders has long been focused on risk and recidivism. As a consequence, the phenomenon of desistance from sexual offending has only recently gained research attention. Unsurprisingly, the area of theory building to account for this empirical reality has been slow. Although a number of psychological theories of behavioral change and criminological theories of desistance exist, a comprehensive theoretical understanding of desistance from sexual offending is lacking. A theme common across a number of theories of internal desistance is cognitive transformation and specifically, one’s readiness for and willingness to change. This study tested the relevance of that particular theme for a sample of 45 men convicted of sexual offenses who are living offense-free lives in the community. In contrast to this theme, long-term desistance was observed in most cases in the absence of any initial desire for intervention. The impact of current approaches such as mandatory treatment is discussed and implications for future research and practice are presented.

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Barr, Una Mairead. "Gendered assisted desistance: a decade from Corston." Safer Communities 17, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-05-2017-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of assisted desistance from the perspective of women involved in the criminal justice system. It focusses on two community projects set up in the aftermath of the 2007 Corston Report, Northshire Women’s Centres (WCs) and the Housing for Northshire project. Design/methodology/approach Through analysis of a year of observation in these settings and 23 narrative interviews with staff and service users, the paper notes the differences between risk-focussed and desistance-focussed justice for women. Findings Neither projects are a panacea; however, they offer an insight into desistance-focussed practice. The findings would suggest that the projects provide social justice as opposed to criminal justice, particularly because of their flexible approach and awareness of the relational elements involved in female desistance. Originality/value The in-depth, qualitative data provided challenges the “payment by results” rhetoric which demands positivist research that promotes an understanding of desistance as a binary outcome. Implications for policy are considered.

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Monahan, Kathryn C., Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman, and Edward P. Mulvey. "Psychosocial (im)maturity from adolescence to early adulthood: Distinguishing between adolescence-limited and persisting antisocial behavior." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt1 (November 2013): 1093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000394.

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AbstractIn the psychological tradition, desistance from antisocial behavior is viewed as the product of psychosocial maturation, including increases in the ability to control impulses, consider the implications of one's actions on others, delay gratification in the service of longer term goals, and resist the influences of peers. The present study investigates how individual variability in the development of psychosocial maturity is associated with desistance from antisocial behavior in a sample of 1,088 serious juvenile offenders followed from adolescence to early adulthood (ages 14–25). We find that psychosocial maturity continues to develop to the midtwenties and that different developmental patterns of maturation are found among those who desist and those who persist in antisocial behavior. Compared to individuals who desisted from antisocial behavior, youths who persisted exhibited diminished development of psychosocial maturity. Moreover, earlier desistance compared to later desistance is linked to greater psychosocial maturity, suggesting that there is an association between desistance from antisocial behavior and normative increases in psychosocial maturity.

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Michalsen, Venezia. "A Cell of One’s Own? Incarceration and Other Turning Points in Women’s Journeys to Desistance." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 940–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13498211.

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Research has shown the importance of turning points in desistance from criminal behavior. Using qualitative data from a sample of 100 formerly incarcerated mothers interviewed about their criminal behavior, this article explores their descriptions of transition moments and whether and how those moments affected their criminal behavior. The findings indicate that whereas parenting emerges as a turning point, the practical difficulties of reentry may reduce the impact of mothering on women’s desistance. More self-focused turning points, such as those due to incarceration, arrest, and sobriety appeared to be particularly important to the women’s desistance. This article emphasizes the need for research into the subjective and environmental factors that affect women’s desistance behaviors.

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O'Sullivan, Kevin, Richard Kemp, and David Bright. "Identity, self-story and desistance from crime." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-03-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to lay the groundwork for a narrative study of desistance that is both qualitative and quantitative. Design/methodology/approach – The review traces the strands of research that have made self-story an important theme in the study of desistance with particular reference to work since 2001. Findings – The importance of an agentic self-story in the process of desistance from crime came to prominence in the work of Shadd Maruna (1997, 2001). Since then authors have attempted to formulate: first, an integrated theoretical view of desistance incorporating agency; and second, a clinically useful understanding of how self-story is important. The clinical studies have almost always been qualitative, relying on extensive life history interviews which yield great richness of detail but few, if any, testable hypotheses. To date, such studies have not provided the empirical foundation on which to develop policy in correctional environments. Practical implications – If it is found that a measure of self-belief correlates with desistance from crime, it may be possible to devise psychological interventions to enhance and change self-belief. Originality/value – The paper proposes adding a quantitative approach to the measurement of self-concept in order to estimate the likelihood of desistance.

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Lee, Matthew R., Cassandra L. Boness, Yoanna E. McDowell, Alvaro Vergés, Douglas L. Steinley, and Kenneth J. Sher. "Desistance and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Lifespan-Developmental Investigation." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617736852.

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Key to an understanding of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are the drinking-related reductions that begin in young adulthood and continue throughout the adult lifespan. Research is needed to precisely characterize the form of these reductions, including possible developmental differences across the lifespan. Using U.S.-representative data, we estimated multiple-group Markov models characterizing longitudinal transitions among five drinking statuses and differences in transition patterns across six adult age periods. While past research indicates relative developmental stability in overall AUD-desistance rates, we found far higher rates of Severe AUD desistance in young adulthood relative to later ages. Especially considering the dramatic change reflected by Severe AUD desistance (from 6+ symptoms to 0–1 symptoms), this result indicates a substantial developmental shift, with Severe AUD desistance rates peaking at 43% to 50% across ages 25 to 34 and then dropping to 22% to 24% across ages 35 to 55. We discuss implications regarding practical significance of young-adult “maturing out” and predictions regarding lifespan variability in desistance mechanisms.

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Antojado, Dwayne, Marietta Martinovic, Tarmi A'Vard, Grace Stringer, and Chelsea Barnes. "Inside Out and Think Tank Participation in Australia: Can Engaging with Lived Experience of Incarceration Promote Desistance?" Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences 6, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/jarss.v6i3.1070.

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The recognition of lived experience as an invaluable resource for reform and program development in criminal justice has seen a positive shift in recent years. Unexamined, or at least unarticulated, is the value that this inclusion of lived experience could have in efforts toward desistance. This article suggests the Inside Out Prison Exchange Program and the associated prison and community-based Think Tanks established in Victoria, Australia, can be more than a place for advocacy, but indeed a motivator for desistance among participants. Through a discussion of desistance theory, this paper outlines how these programs can promote desistance efforts as a result of their voluntary nature and continuity during and after incarceration. In these spaces, incarcerated individuals are given opportunities to engage with community members, contribute in prosocial capacities, and gain significant knowledge and skills surrounding criminal justice reform. This meaningful educational environment is one which can foster self-determination, non-offender identity development, and community connection, all of which are significant factors in the journey of desistance.

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King, Sam. "Early desistance narratives: A qualitative analysis of probationers’ transitions towards desistance." Punishment & Society 15, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474513477790.

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Crank, Beverly Reece, and Brent Teasdale. "“Create in Me a Clean Heart”: The Role of Spirituality in Desistance From Substance Use." Journal of Drug Issues 49, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618823006.

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Although the impact of religion on behavior is robust and well-examined in many areas, the role spirituality plays in changes in drug use over time has received relatively little attention. Using a life-course theoretical framework, this relationship is examined through growth curve modeling techniques. Specifically, multilevel analyses are estimated testing within-person relationships between substance use desistance and spirituality. The Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data are analyzed and leading criminological predictors are included, to determine if spirituality has a unique impact on substance use net of these criminological factors, and if these impacts vary across gender. Results from these analyses suggest that the impact of spirituality on desistance varies by gender, with spirituality significantly increasing the odds of desistance from marijuana use for females, but not males.

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Avieli, Hila. "Wasted Lives: Aging as an Incentive for Reconstruction of Desistance Intentions Among Older Adults in Prison." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 11 (July 4, 2020): 1547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820937325.

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There is growing scholarly interest in older adults involved in crime and their lives in prison. However, the specific group of older adults who persistently offend (OAPO) and their desistance intentions has received little attention. The present study aims to explore the lived experiences of OAPO who intend to desist from crime. Seventeen OAPO were interviewed, and an interpretive phenomenological analysis approach was used to analyze the narratives they presented. Participants’ interviews revealed four superordinate themes: (1) insight and change in the lives of OAPO; (2) a series of losses lead to disillusionment with a life of crime; (3) desistance as the only alternative; and (4) fear of death in prison as a catalyst for desistance. The findings suggest that desistance intention among older adults in prison is an individualized process deeply affected by age-related motivations and dynamics.

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Gålnander, Robin. "Desistance From Crime—to What? Exploring Future Aspirations and Their Implications for Processes of Desistance." Feminist Criminology 15, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085119879236.

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This article presents findings from a longitudinal interview study following the desistance processes of 10 women. While desistance theory primarily focuses on the processual movement away from crime, this article pays close attention to what desisters strive to desist into. The repeated in-depth interviews reveal a diverse range of future aspirations among desisters, and the analysis unravels gendered, class-, and age-graded aspects of such aspirations. As a result of these findings, the article problematizes parts of previous research both empirically and theoretically, and allows for a development of the understanding of desistance processes.

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Anderson, Sarah E. "The value of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance." Probation Journal 63, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550516664146.

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This paper aims to contribute to the debate on making probation practice ‘desistance-focused’. It does this through considering the body of knowledge on responding to trauma through ‘bearing witness’ to the person’s story – attending to their values and lived experience – and applying this to probation practice. It addresses why the literature on trauma has relevance to work with people who have offended. Then it explores the epistemological, performative, moral and political dimensions of ‘bearing witness’ and the relevance of each of these to desistance. It highlights the potentially critical role of the audience (in this case the probation practitioner) in the co-construction of the desistance narrative. Additionally, the paper argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the moral space in which such narratives are co-constructed. In a context where the voices of people who have offended are silenced and their experiences of victimisation or structural violence are written out, I suggest that ‘being present and being with another’ (Naef, 2006: 146) enacts a moral responsibility to support a transition from object to subject and to recognise and endorse the humanity of those who have committed crimes. The paper provides a practice example of ‘bearing witness’ to desistance. Finally, it addresses potential challenges in asking probation officers to ‘bear witness’ to desistance.

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PATTON, DAVID, and STEPHEN FARRALL. "Desistance: A Utopian Perspective." Howard Journal of Crime and Justice 60, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12406.

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Piché, Justin. "On Desistance and Resistance." Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 31, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v31i1.6443.

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Carr, Nicola. "Critical perspectives on desistance." Probation Journal 68, no. 2 (June 2021): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02645505211020980.

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Harris, Danielle Arlanda. "Desistance From Sexual Offending." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 29, no. 9 (January 14, 2014): 1554–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513511532.

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CARLSSON, CHRISTOFFER. "MASCULINITIES, PERSISTENCE, AND DESISTANCE." Criminology 51, no. 3 (June 21, 2013): 661–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12016.

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Visher, Christy A. "Social Networks and Desistance." Criminology & Public Policy 16, no. 3 (August 2017): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12331.

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Bracken, Denis C., Lawrence Deane, and Larry Morrissette. "Desistance and social marginalization." Theoretical Criminology 13, no. 1 (February 2009): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480608100173.

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Nugent, Briege, and Marguerite Schinkel. "The pains of desistance." Criminology & Criminal Justice 16, no. 5 (July 24, 2016): 568–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816634812.

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Lussier, Patrick, Danielle Arlanda Harris, and Anne-Marie McAlinden. "Desistance From Sexual Offending." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 60, no. 15 (September 24, 2016): 1711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16668174.

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Farrington, David P. "Advancing Knowledge About Desistance." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 23, no. 1 (February 2007): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986206298954.

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Briggs, Daniel. "‘Robbery careers’: desistance attempts." Safer Communities 7, no. 3 (July 2008): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17578043200800027.

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