Academic literature on the topic 'Deskriptiv representation'

The purpose of this thesis is to examine in what ways female representation in municipal councils in Sweden has an influence on the quality of eldercare. The theory of the politics of presence constitutes the theoretical framework. The theory suggests that eldercare is one of several issues that are in women’s interest and hence is best represented by female politicians. According to Statistics Sweden (SCB), the elder part of the population will increase with 76 percent over the coming 20 years. It is a remarkable demographic change and, therefore, it is of interest to map out what influence female politicians have on eldercare as a political matter. To do this, statistical analysis, primarily multiple regression, is used as the methodological tool. The results indicate that female representation does not have a significant effect on the quality of eldercare. After controlling for institutional and structural variables, it appears that the portion of elderly amongst the population is what has the most evident effect on the quality of eldercare. Some final words are given on how to interpret the results, and when placing this study in relation to earlier research, it is however argued that there is not sufficient support to question the relevance of the theory of the politics of presence.

The main purpose of this paper is to understand if an equal descriptive representation of women and men in Örebro and Västerås city councils results in equal participation in political debates. The papers purpose is also to study if women in Örebro and Västerås city councils engage in debates more frequently when questions concerning welfare are debated. According to some theories and previous research women in politics tend to participate less than men in debates on the political arena. Previous studies made in the 1980s suggests that women although in quite high numbers in city councils were relatively silent compared to men. Other theories suggests that women representation needs to reach a critical mass to have an impact on womens participation. There is also previous research that suggests that women in an higher degree than men participate in debates concerning welfare questions. Our aim is to apply this on our two cases, which are Örebro city council and Västerås city council. In order for us to do this we collected 3 time reports from previous meetings of each council and calculated the time the women and the men participated during the meetings to see if gender played a role in the participacion. For the second part of the study we observed two video recordings of council meetings, one from each council in order to determine if women according to the theories participated in greater numbers when welfare questions were discussed. Our result is that women and men according to our samples and variables generally participates in an equal degree during the council meetings. Small variations are to be found but in general the differences are insignificant in this paper. On the question if women participated in greater number than men when welfare questions were debated we can not agree with the theories because the men participated more in Örebro, and almost equally as much in Västerås when welfare questions were discussed.

The thesis investigates development, improvement and evaluation of methods for quantitative characterization of objects from their digital images and similarity measurements between digital images. Methods for quantitative characterization of objects from their digital images are increasingly used in applications in which error can have crtical consequences, but the traditional methods for shape quantification are of low precision and accuracy. In the thesis is shown that the coverage of a pixel by a shape can be used to highly improve the accuracy and precision of using digital images to estimate the maximal distance between objects furthest points measured in a given direction. It is highly desirable that a distance measure between digital images can be related to a certain shape property and morphological operations are used when defining a distance for this purpose. Still, the distances defined in this manner turns out to be insufficiently sensitive to relevant data representing shape properties in images. We show that the idea of adaptive mathematical morphology can be used successfully to overcome problems related to sensitivity of distances defined via morphological operations when comparing objects from their digital image representations.<br>У тези су размотрени развој, побољшање и евалуација метода за квантитативну карактеризацију објеката приказаних дигиталним сликама, као и мере растојања између дигиталних слика. Методе за квантитативну карактеризацију објеката представљених дигиталним сликама се&nbsp; све више користе у применама у којима грешка може имати критичне последице, а традиционалне методе за&nbsp; квантитативну карактеризацију су мале прецизности и тачности. У тези се показује да се коришћењем информације о покривеност пиксела обликом може значајно побољшати прецизност и тачност оцене растојања између две најудаљеније тачке облика мерено у датом правцу. Веома је пожељно да мера растојања између дигиталних слика може да се веже за одређену особину облика и морфолошке операције се користе приликом дефинисања растојања у ту сврху. Ипак, растојања дефинисана на овај начин показују се недовољно осетљива на релевантне податке дигиталних слика који представљају особине облика. У тези се показује да идеја адаптивне математичке морфологије може успешно да се користи да би се превазишао поменути&nbsp; проблем осетљивости растојања дефинисаних користећи морфолошке операције.<br>U tezi su razmotreni razvoj, poboljšanje i evaluacija metoda za kvantitativnu karakterizaciju objekata prikazanih digitalnim slikama, kao i mere rastojanja između digitalnih slika. Metode za kvantitativnu karakterizaciju objekata predstavljenih digitalnim slikama se&nbsp; sve više koriste u primenama u kojima greška može imati kritične posledice, a tradicionalne metode za&nbsp; kvantitativnu karakterizaciju su male preciznosti i tačnosti. U tezi se pokazuje da se korišćenjem informacije o pokrivenost piksela oblikom može značajno poboljšati preciznost i tačnost ocene rastojanja između dve najudaljenije tačke oblika mereno u datom pravcu. Veoma je poželjno da mera rastojanja između digitalnih slika može da se veže za određenu osobinu oblika i morfološke operacije se koriste prilikom definisanja rastojanja u tu svrhu. Ipak, rastojanja definisana na ovaj način pokazuju se nedovoljno osetljiva na relevantne podatke digitalnih slika koji predstavljaju osobine oblika. U tezi se pokazuje da ideja adaptivne matematičke morfologije može uspešno da se koristi da bi se prevazišao pomenuti&nbsp; problem osetljivosti rastojanja definisanih koristeći morfološke operacije.

We characterize various types of σ-porosity via an infinite game in terms of winning strategies. We use a modification of the game to prove and reprove some new and older in- scribing theorems for σ-ideals of σ-porous type in locally compact metric spaces. We show that there exists a closed set which is σ-(1 − ε)-symmetrically porous for every 0 < ε < 1 but which is not σ-1-symmetrically porous. Next, we prove that the realizable by an action unitary representations of a finite abelian group Γ on an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space H form a comeager set in Rep(Γ, H). 1