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Journal articles on the topic 'Desmosomen dynamics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Sikora, Mateusz, Utz H. Ermel, Anna Seybold, et al. "Desmosome architecture derived from molecular dynamics simulations and cryo-electron tomography." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (2020): 27132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004563117.

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Desmosomes are cell–cell junctions that link tissue cells experiencing intense mechanical stress. Although the structure of the desmosomal cadherins is known, the desmosome architecture—which is essential for mediating numerous functions—remains elusive. Here, we recorded cryo-electron tomograms (cryo-ET) in which individual cadherins can be discerned; they appear variable in shape, spacing, and tilt with respect to the membrane. The resulting sub-tomogram average reaches a resolution of ∼26 Å, limited by the inherent flexibility of desmosomes. To address this challenge typical of dynamic biol

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2

Windoffer, Reinhard, Monika Borchert-Stuhlträger, and Rudolf E. Leube. "Desmosomes: interconnected calcium-dependent structures of remarkable stability with significant integral membrane protein turnover." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 8 (2002): 1717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.8.1717.

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Desmosomes are prominent cell adhesion structures that are major stabilizing elements, together with the attached cytoskeletal intermediate filament network, of the cytokeratin type in epithelial tissues. To examine desmosome dynamics in tightly coupled cells and in situations of decreased adhesion, fluorescent desmosomal cadherin desmocollin 2a (Dsc2a) chimeras were stably expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived PLC cells (clone PDc-13) and in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (clone MDc-2) for the continuous monitoring of desmosomes in living cells. The hybrid polypeptides integrat

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3

Hatzfeld, Mechthild, Christof Haffner, Katrin Schulze, and Ute Vinzens. "The Function of Plakophilin 1 in Desmosome Assembly and Actin Filament Organization." Journal of Cell Biology 149, no. 1 (2000): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.149.1.209.

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Plakophilin 1, a member of the armadillo multigene family, is a protein with dual localization in the nucleus and in desmosomes. To elucidate its role in desmosome assembly and regulation, we have analyzed its localization and binding partners in vivo. When overexpressed in HaCaT keratinocytes, plakophilin 1 localized to the nucleus and to desmosomes, and dramatically enhanced the recruitment of desmosomal proteins to the plasma membrane. This effect was mediated by plakophilin 1's head domain, which interacted with desmoglein 1, desmoplakin, and keratins in the yeast two-hybrid system. Overex

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4

Kitajima, Yasuo. "150thAnniversary Series: Desmosomes and Autoimmune Disease, Perspective of Dynamic Desmosome Remodeling and Its Impairments in Pemphigus." Cell Communication & Adhesion 21, no. 6 (2014): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15419061.2014.943397.

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5

Nekrasova, Oxana, and Kathleen J. Green. "Desmosome assembly and dynamics." Trends in Cell Biology 23, no. 11 (2013): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2013.06.004.

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6

Al-Amoudi, Ashraf, and Achilleas S. Frangakis. "Structural studies on desmosomes." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 2 (2008): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360181.

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Desmosomes are cadherin-based intercellular junctions that primarily provide mechanical stability to tissues such as epithelia and cardiac muscle. Desmosomal cadherins, which are Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecules, are of central importance in mediating direct intercellular interaction. The close association of these proteins, with intracellular components of desmosomes ultimately linked to the cytoskeleton, is believed to play an important role in tissue morphogenesis during development and wound healing. Elucidation of the binding mechanism of adhesive interfaces between the extracellular dom

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7

Magin, T. M., H. W. Kaiser, S. Leitgeb, et al. "Supplementation of a mutant keratin by stable expression of desmin in cultured human EBS keratinocytes." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 23 (2000): 4231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.23.4231.

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Mutations in keratin genes give rise to a number of inherited skin fragility disorders, demonstrating that the intermediate filament cytoskeleton has an essential function in maintaining the structural integrity of epidermis and its appendages. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in keratins K5 or K14, which are expressed in the basal layer of stratified epithelia. Using a keratinocyte cell line established from an EBS patient, we investigated whether the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin would be able to functionally com

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8

Garrod, David, Martyn Chidgey, and Alison North. "Desmosomes: differentiation, development, dynamics and disease." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 8, no. 5 (1996): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(96)80108-6.

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9

Bass-Zubek, Amanda E., Ryan P. Hobbs, Evangeline V. Amargo та ін. "Plakophilin 2: a critical scaffold for PKCα that regulates intercellular junction assembly". Journal of Cell Biology 181, № 4 (2008): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200712133.

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Plakophilins (PKPs) are armadillo family members related to the classical cadherin-associated protein p120ctn. PKPs localize to the cytoplasmic plaque of intercellular junctions and participate in linking the intermediate filament (IF)-binding protein desmoplakin (DP) to desmosomal cadherins. In response to cell–cell contact, PKP2 associates with DP in plaque precursors that form in the cytoplasm and translocate to nascent desmosomes. Here, we provide evidence that PKP2 governs DP assembly dynamics by scaffolding a DP–PKP2–protein kinase Cα (PKCα) complex, which is disrupted by PKP2 knockdown.

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10

Loschke, Fanny, Melanie Homberg та Thomas M. Magin. "Keratin Isotypes Control Desmosome Stability and Dynamics through PKCα". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 136, № 1 (2016): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.403.

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11

Bartle, Emily, Tara Urner, Tejeshwar Rao, and Alexa Mattheyses. "Cadherin Order and Dynamics in Calcium-Dependent and Independent Desmosomes." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (2018): 547a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2989.

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12

Roberts, Brett J., Anjeza Pashaj, Keith R. Johnson, and James K. Wahl. "Desmosome dynamics in migrating epithelial cells requires the actin cytoskeleton." Experimental Cell Research 317, no. 20 (2011): 2814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.09.003.

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13

Brennan, D., S. Peltonen, A. Dowling, et al. "A role for caveolin-1 in desmoglein binding and desmosome dynamics." Oncogene 31, no. 13 (2011): 1636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.346.

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14

Resnik, Nataša, Giulia Maria Rita de Luca, Kristina Sepčić, Rok Romih, Erik Manders, and Peter Veranič. "Depletion of the cellular cholesterol content reduces the dynamics of desmosomal cadherins and interferes with desmosomal strength." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 152, no. 3 (2019): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-019-01797-1.

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15

Bartle, Emily I., Tara M. Urner, Siddharth S. Raju, and Alexa L. Mattheyses. "Desmoglein 3 Order and Dynamics in Desmosomes Determined by Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy." Biophysical Journal 113, no. 11 (2017): 2519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.028.

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16

Saito, Masataka, Sara N. Stahley, Victor Faundez, Michael Koval, and Andrew P. Kowalczyk. "Lipid rafts are membrane platforms for desmosome assembly and dynamic regulation." Journal of Dermatological Science 69, no. 2 (2013): e26-e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.11.380.

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17

Windoffer, R., and R. E. Leube. "Detection of cytokeratin dynamics by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy in living cells." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 24 (1999): 4521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.24.4521.

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To monitor the desmosome-anchored cytokeratin network in living cells fusion protein HK13-EGFP consisting of human cytokeratin 13 and the enhanced green fluorescent protein was stably expressed in vulvar carcinoma-derived A-431 cells. It is shown for A-431 subclone AK13-1 that HK13-EGFP emits strong fluorescence in fixed and living cells, being part of an extended cytoplasmic intermediate filament network that is indistinguishable from that of parent A-431 cells. Biochemical, immunological and ultrastructural analyses demonstrate that HK13-EGFP behaves identically to the endogenous cytokeratin

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18

Patel, Dipal M., Adi D. Dubash, Geri Kreitzer, and Kathleen J. Green. "Disease mutations in desmoplakin inhibit Cx43 membrane targeting mediated by desmoplakin–EB1 interactions." Journal of Cell Biology 206, no. 6 (2014): 779–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201312110.

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Mechanisms by which microtubule plus ends interact with regions of cell–cell contact during tissue development and morphogenesis are not fully understood. We characterize a previously unreported interaction between the microtubule binding protein end-binding 1 (EB1) and the desmosomal protein desmoplakin (DP), and demonstrate that DP–EB1 interactions enable DP to modify microtubule organization and dynamics near sites of cell–cell contact. EB1 interacts with a region of the DP N terminus containing a hotspot for pathogenic mutations associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). We show t

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19

IWATSUKI, K., K. SUGAYA, and M. TAKIGAWA. "Dynamic expression of pemphigus and desmosomal antigens by cultured keratinocytes." British Journal of Dermatology 128, no. 1 (1993): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00140.x.

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20

Iwatsuki, K., and M. Takigawa. "Dynamic expression of pemphigus and desmosomal antigens by cultured keratinocytes." Journal of Dermatological Science 4, no. 2 (1992): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1811(92)90128-x.

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21

Godsel, Lisa M., Sherry N. Hsieh, Evangeline V. Amargo, et al. "Desmoplakin assembly dynamics in four dimensions." Journal of Cell Biology 171, no. 6 (2005): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200510038.

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The intermediate filament (IF)–binding protein desmoplakin (DP) is essential for desmosome function and tissue integrity, but its role in junction assembly is poorly understood. Using time-lapse imaging, we show that cell–cell contact triggers three temporally overlapping phases of DP-GFP dynamics: (1) the de novo appearance of punctate fluorescence at new contact zones after as little as 3 min; (2) the coalescence of DP and the armadillo protein plakophilin 2 into discrete cytoplasmic particles after as little as 15 min; and (3) the cytochalasin-sensitive translocation of cytoplasmic particle

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22

Cheng, C. Yan, Elissa W. P. Wong, Pearl P. Y. Lie, et al. "Regulation of blood-testis barrier dynamics by desmosome, gap junction, hemidesmosome and polarity proteins." Spermatogenesis 1, no. 2 (2011): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/spmg.1.2.15745.

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23

Tsukada, N., and M. J. Phillips. "Bile canalicular contraction is coincident with reorganization of pericanalicular filaments and co-localization of actin and myosin-II." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 3 (1993): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.3.7679126.

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We examined the relationships between actin-myosin interaction and bile canalicular contraction using a new experimental model: cytoskeleton-enriched canalicular membranes (CCM). In CCM, the bile canaliculus compartment is isolated complete with membrane-attached pericanalicular actin filaments and the surrounding intermediate filament sheath. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that actin and myosin-II were distributed over pericanalicular microfilaments that insert into adherens (belt) junctions; intermediate filaments predominantly inserted into desmosomes. The addition

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24

Bliley, Jacqueline M., Mathilde C. S. C. Vermeer, Rebecca M. Duffy, et al. "Dynamic loading of human engineered heart tissue enhances contractile function and drives a desmosome-linked disease phenotype." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 603 (2021): eabd1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1817.

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The role that mechanical forces play in shaping the structure and function of the heart is critical to understanding heart formation and the etiology of disease but is challenging to study in patients. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) incorporating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)–derived cardiomyocytes have the potential to provide insight into these adaptive and maladaptive changes. However, most EHT systems cannot model both preload (stretch during chamber filling) and afterload (pressure the heart must work against to eject blood). Here, we have developed a new dynamic EHT (dyn-E

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25

Albrecht, L., and K. Green. "420 AMPK activation promotes desmosome recovery in Darier’s disease cells by restoring desmoplakin-intermediate filament dynamics." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 136, no. 5 (2016): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.454.

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26

Bartle, E. I., T. M. Urner, and A. L. Mattheyses. "554 Dynamic organization and order of desmoglein 3 in desmosomes determined by fluorescence polarization microscopy." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 137, no. 5 (2017): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.575.

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27

Oakford, L. X., S. D. Dimitrijevich, and R. Gracy. "Desmosomal distribution in the epidermis of a non-contracting human skin equivalent." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124884.

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In intact skin the epidermal layer is a dynamic tissue component which is maintained by a basal layer of mitotically active cells. The protective upper epidermis, the stratum corneum, is generated by differentiation of the suprabasal keratinocytes which eventually desquamate as anuclear comeocytes. A similar sequence of events is observed in vitro in the non-contracting human skin equivalent (HSE) which was developed in this lab (1). As a part of the definition process for this model of living skin we are examining its ultrastructural features. Since desmosomes are important in maintaining cel

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Tinkle, Christopher L., H. Amalia Pasolli, Nicole Stokes, and Elaine Fuchs. "New insights into cadherin function in epidermal sheet formation and maintenance of tissue integrity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 40 (2008): 15405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807374105.

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Co-expression and gene linkage have hampered elucidating the physiological relevance of cadherins in mammalian tissues. Here, we combine conditional gene ablation and transgenic RNA interference to uncover new roles for E- and P-cadherins in epidermal sheet formation in vitro and maintenance of epidermal integrity in vivo. By devising skin-specific RNAi technology, we demonstrate that cadherin inhibition in vivo impairs junction formation and intercellular adhesion and increases apoptosis. These defects compromise epidermal barrier function and tissue integrity. In vitro, with only E-cadherin

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Parrotta, Elvira Immacolata, Anna Procopio, Stefania Scalise, et al. "Deciphering the Role of Wnt and Rho Signaling Pathway in iPSC-Derived ARVC Cardiomyocytes by In Silico Mathematical Modeling." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042004.

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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac muscle disease linked to genetic deficiency in components of the desmosomes. The disease is characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricle, which acts as a substrate for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The molecular mechanisms underpinning ARVC are largely unknown. Here we propose a mathematical model for investigating the molecular dynamics underlying heart remodeling and the loss of cardiac myocytes identity during ARVC. Our methodology is based on three computational models: fir

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Koebe, H. G., M. Wick, U. Cramer, V. Lange, and F. W. Schildberg. "Collagen Gel Immobilisation Provides a Suitable Cell Matrix for Long Term Human Hepatocyte Cultures in Hybrid Reactors." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 2 (1994): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700207.

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An easy to apply culture technique is presented that protects a monolayer configuration of liver cells within an extracellular matrix. The Immobilising Gel (IG)-Technique not only preserves hepatocyte morphology and supports a variety of differentiated cell functions over long term periods, but also offers higher resistance of IG-culture systems against shear forces of fluids in a hybrid reactor device, as compared to other culture techniques. Human hepatocyte cultures in IG-Technique: DNA-normalised levels for the total production of cholinesterase, albumin, urea and lactate remained high thr

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Hoover, Catherine A., Kendahl L. Ott, Heather R. Manring, Trevor Dew, Maegen A. Borzok, and Nathan T. Wright. "Creating a ‘Molecular Band-Aid’; Blocking an Exposed Protease Target Site in Desmoplakin." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050401.

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Desmoplakin (DSP) is a large (~260 kDa) protein found in the desmosome, a subcellular complex that links the cytoskeleton of one cell to its neighbor. A mutation ‘hot-spot’ within the NH2-terminal third of the DSP protein (specifically, residues 299–515) is associated with both cardiomyopathies and skin defects. In select DSP variants, disease is linked specifically to the uncovering of a previously-occluded calpain target site (residues 447–451). Here, we partially stabilize these calpain-sensitive DSP clinical variants through the addition of a secondary single point mutation—tyrosine for le

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Lee, Nikki P. Y., and C. Yan Cheng. "Nitric Oxide and Cyclic Nucleotides: Their Roles in Junction Dynamics and Spermatogenesis." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 1, no. 1 (2008): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/oxim.1.1.6856.

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Spermatogenesis is a highly complicated process in which functional spermatozoa (haploid, 1n) are generated from primitive mitotic spermatogonia (diploid, 2n). This process involves the differentiation and transformation of several types of germ cells as spermatocytes and spermatids undergo meiosis and differentiation. Due to its sophistication and complexity, testis possesses intrinsic mechanisms to modulate and regulate different stages of germ cell development under the intimate and indirect cooperation with Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. Furthermore, developing germ cells must tra

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Karakesisoglou, Iakowos, Yanmin Yang, and Elaine Fuchs. "An Epidermal Plakin That Integrates Actin and Microtubule Networks at Cellular Junctions." Journal of Cell Biology 149, no. 1 (2000): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.149.1.195.

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Plakins are cytoskeletal linker proteins initially thought to interact exclusively with intermediate filaments (IFs), but recently were found to associate additionally with actin and microtubule networks. Here, we report on ACF7, a mammalian orthologue of the Drosophila kakapo plakin genetically involved in epidermal–muscle adhesion and neuromuscular junctions. While ACF7/kakapo is divergent from other plakins in its IF-binding domain, it has at least one actin (Kd = 0.35 μM) and one microtubule (Kd ∼6 μM) binding domain. Similar to its fly counterpart, ACF7 is expressed in the epidermis. In w

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Eaton, Amity F., Dennis R. Clayton, Wily G. Ruiz, Shawn E. Griffiths, Maria Eulalia Rubio, and Gerard Apodaca. "Expansion and contraction of the umbrella cell apical junctional ring in response to bladder filling and voiding." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 16 (2019): 2037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0115.

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The epithelial junctional complex, composed of tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and an associated actomyosin cytoskeleton, forms the apical junctional ring (AJR), which must maintain its continuity in the face of external mechanical forces that accompany normal physiological functions. The AJR of umbrella cells, which line the luminal surface of the bladder, expands during bladder filling and contracts upon voiding; however, the mechanisms that drive these events are unknown. Using native umbrella cells as a model, we observed that the umbrella cell’s AJR assumed a nonsarcomeri

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Li, Z., W. J. Gallin, G. Lauzon, and M. Pasdar. "L-CAM expression induces fibroblast-epidermoid transition in squamous carcinoma cells and down-regulates the endogenous N-cadherin." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 7 (1998): 1005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.7.1005.

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SCC9 cells, derived from a squamous carcinoma of the tongue, were shown to lack E-cadherin but express alpha- and beta-catenins and N-cadherin. These cells also lack plakoglobin expression, do not assemble desmosomes and exhibit the typical morphology and growth properties of transformed cells. The N-cadherin expressed in SCC9 cells has properties similar to other classical cadherins, including interactions with the catenins. We transfected SCC9 cells with a full-length cDNA for L-CAM (liver cell adhesion molecule), the functional chicken homologue of E-cadherin. The exogenously expressed L-CA

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Chang, Po-Hao, Min-Che Chen, Ya-Ping Tsai, et al. "Interplay between desmoglein2 and hypoxia controls metastasis in breast cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (2021): e2014408118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014408118.

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Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death. An increased level of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic cancer cells that have intravasated into the circulatory system, is particularly associated with colonization of distant organs and poor prognosis. However, the key factors required for tumor cell dissemination and colonization remain elusive. We found that high expression of desmoglein2 (DSG2), a component of desmosome-mediated intercellular adhesion complexes, promoted tumor growth, increased the prevalence of CTC clusters, and facilitated distant organ colonization. The dynamic re

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Ganavi, BS. "Oral Cytokeratins in Health and Disease." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1502.

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ABSTRACT The dynamics of oral mucosa is known by its inherent defensive nature. Certain areas demand tough shield when subjected to mechanical insults. This is met by structural scaffolding material referred as cytoskeleton comprised of intracellular protein filaments called cytokeratins in the surface squames of oral epithelia. They also equally contribute towards the architecture of odontogenic apparatus and salivary gland. Differentiation of epithelial cells within stratified epithelia regulates the expression of specific keratin gene. Any mutation in, or autoantibodies to keratins, desmoso

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Bowers, Stephanie L. K., William A. McFadden, Thomas K. Borg, and Troy A. Baudino. "Desmoplakin is Important for Proper Cardiac Cell-Cell Interactions." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 1 (2011): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611012359.

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AbstractNormal cardiac function is maintained through dynamic interactions of cardiac cells with each other and with the extracellular matrix. These interactions are important for remodeling during cardiac growth and pathophysiological conditions. However, the precise mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear. In this study we examined the importance of desmoplakin (DSP) in cardiac cell-cell interactions. Cell-cell communication in the heart requires the formation and preservation of cell contacts by cell adhesion junctions called desmosome-like structures. A major protein component of t

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Miller, R. K., K. Vikstrom, and R. D. Goldman. "Keratin incorporation into intermediate filament networks is a rapid process." Journal of Cell Biology 113, no. 4 (1991): 843–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.113.4.843.

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The properties of keratin-containing intermediate filament (IF) networks in vivo were studied following the microinjection of biotinylated keratin. Keratin-IFs were biotinylated, disassembled, and separated into type I and type II proteins by ion exchange chromatography. Recombination of these derivatized type I and type II keratins resulted in the formation of 10-nm diameter IF. The type I keratins were microinjected into epithelial cells and observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Biotin-rich spots were found throughout the cytoplasm at 15-20 min after injection. Short biotinylated fibrou

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Siu, Erica R., Elissa W. P. Wong, Dolores D. Mruk, K. L. Sze, Catarina S. Porto, and C. Yan Cheng. "An Occludin-Focal Adhesion Kinase Protein Complex at the Blood-Testis Barrier: A Study Using the Cadmium Model." Endocrinology 150, no. 7 (2009): 3336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1741.

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Several integral membrane proteins that constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in mammalian testes, in particular rodents, are known to date. These include tight junction (TJ) proteins (e.g. occludin, junctional adhesion molecule-A, claudins), basal ectoplasmic specialization proteins (e.g. N-cadherin), and gap junction proteins (e.g. connexin43). However, the regulators (e.g. protein kinases and phosphatases) that affect these proteins, such as their interaction with the cytoskeletal actin, which in turn confer cell adhesion at the TJ, remain largely unknown. We report herein that focal ad

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Zheng, J., X. Nie, L. He, et al. "Epithelial Cdc42 Deletion Induced Enamel Organ Defects and Cystogenesis." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 12 (2018): 1346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518779546.

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Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and other cellular processes in development and homeostasis. However, Cdc42’s roles in prenatal tooth development remain elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel organ. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing enamel organ, with robust expression in the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in cystic lesions in the enamel organ. Cystic lesions were first

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Marceau, Normand, Anne Loranger, Stéphane Gilbert, Nathalie Daigle, and Serge Champetier. "Keratin-mediated resistance to stress and apoptosis in simple epithelial cells in relation to health and disease." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 79, no. 5 (2001): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o01-138.

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Epithelial cells such as hepatocytes exhibit highly polarized properties as a result of the asymmetric distribution of subsets of receptors at unique portions of the surface membrane. While the proper targeting of these surface receptors and maintenance of the resulting polarity depend on microtubules (MTs), the Golgi sorting compartment, and different actin-filament networks, the contribution of keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) has been unclear. Recent data show that the latter cytoskeletal network plays a predominant role in providing resistance to various forms of stress and to apoptosi

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Sagirkaya, H., M. Misirlioglu, A. Kaya, et al. "265 DEVELOPMENT AND DYNAMICS OF GENE EXPRESSION OF BOVINE EMBRYOS CULTURED IN VITRO IN THREE DIFFERENT MEDIA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab265.

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Dramatic reprogramming of gene expression occurs during embryonic genome activation (EGA), an essential event initiating as early as the 1-cell zygotic stage in the bovine and increasing gradually as embryonic development advances. It is this reprogramming of gene expression that sets the stage for later development. Expression of embryonic genes is altered in different culture conditions and this may influence developmental potential both during pre-implantation and during fetal development. The objective of this study was to define some most commonly used embryo culture media (KSOMaa, CR1aa,

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Makhneva, Nataliya V., Yu S. Butov, and V. Yu Vasenova. "THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNE PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS UNDER AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASES OF SKIN." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 23, no. 5 (2017): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-5-258-262.

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The skin and mucous membranes are the min barrier organs providing systemic defense from environmental effects. They actively participate in deliverance of organism from antigens of various origin due to availability of one's own elements of immune system. The failure in chain of immune defense causes deceleration of process of elimination of antigen damaging structure of one's own tissue. The article presents mechanism of elimination of immune complexes and examples of therapeutic procedures accelerating and normalizing this process. The maintenance and recovery of excretory function of skin

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Kim, Joon-Chul, Marta Pérez-Hernández, Francisco J. Alvarado, et al. "Disruption of Ca 2+ i Homeostasis and Connexin 43 Hemichannel Function in the Right Ventricle Precedes Overt Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy in Plakophilin-2–Deficient Mice." Circulation 140, no. 12 (2019): 1015–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.039710.

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Background: Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is classically defined as a desmosomal protein. Mutations in PKP2 associate with most cases of gene-positive arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. A better understanding of PKP2 cardiac biology can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying arrhythmic and cardiomyopathic events consequent to PKP2 deficiency. Here, we sought to capture early molecular/cellular events that can act as nascent arrhythmic/cardiomyopathic substrates. Methods: We used multiple imaging, biochemical and high-resolution mass spectrometry methods to study functional/structural pr

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Fik, V. B., Ye V. Paltov, and Yu Ya Kryvko. "Electronic microscopic research on periodont in experimental two-weight opioid action and after its over for four weeks." Reports of Morphology 25, no. 3 (2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(3)-05.

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Due to the harmful effects of opioid agents in the uncontrolled use of them, it is impossible to ease the early manifestations of damage to the tissues and organs of the oral cavity, which is a pressing problem of today. The purpose of this work was to investigate the features of the sub-microscopic organization of the structural components of the periodontium under the action of an opioid analgesic for two weeks and its four-week withdrawal in the experiment. The study was conducted on 22 adult rats-males of the Wistar line, weighing 160 g, 4.5-6 months of age. Animals were administered intra

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Fik, V. B., Ye V. Paltov, and Yu Ya Kryvko. "Ultrastructural condition of rats periodontal tissue in opioid influence during two weeks and after its four-week withdrawal on correction." Reports of Morphology 25, no. 2 (2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(2)-06.

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Given that the dental status of drug addicts is burdened with numerous diseases of the tissues and organs of the oral cavity, the issues of developing an optimal scheme of therapeutic tactics for the purpose of restoring their trophic and balance of the oral microflora against opioid background remain relevant in modern periodontology. The aim of the study was to investigate the ultrastructure of periodontal tissues with experimental two-week opioid action and after its abolition for four weeks under conditions of complex medical corrective action. The study material was white male rats (22) o

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Najor, Nicole Ann, Gillian Nicole Fitz, Jennifer Leigh Koetsier, et al. "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor neddylation is regulated by a desmosomal-COP9 (Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome complex." eLife 6 (September 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.22599.

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Cell junctions are scaffolds that integrate mechanical and chemical signaling. We previously showed that a desmosomal cadherin promotes keratinocyte differentiation in an adhesion-independent manner by dampening Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activity. Here we identify a potential mechanism by which desmosomes assist the de-neddylating COP9 signalosome (CSN) in attenuating EGFR through an association between the Cops3 subunit of the CSN and desmosomal components, Desmoglein1 (Dsg1) and Desmoplakin (Dp), to promote epidermal differentiation. Silencing CSN or desmosome components shifts

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Sawant, Abhishek C., Brittney Murray, Crystal Tichnell, et al. "Abstract 11215: Exercise Influences Penetrance and Outcomes in Family Members of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy Patients Carrying a Pathogenic Desmosomal Mutation." Circulation 130, suppl_2 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.11215.

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Background: Endurance exercise is associated with adverse arrhythmic outcomes and development of heart failure in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)-associated desmosomal mutation carriers. However studies comparing exercise participation in family members with desmosomal mutations are lacking. Methods: Structured exercise interviews were performed focusing on duration, intensity and timing among ten families with 37 patients (9 probands, 28 family members) carrying a pathogenic plakophilin ( PKP2 ) mutation. Exercise was classified based on 36 th Bethesda Confe

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Shelton, W. Tucker, S. Madison Thomas, Hunter R. Alexander, C. Evan Thomes, Daniel E. Conway, and Adi D. Dubash. "Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell–cell adhesion." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92675-1.

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AbstractDesmosomes have a central role in mediating extracellular adhesion between cells, but they also coordinate other biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. In particular, several lines of evidence have implicated desmosomal proteins in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and attachment to the extracellular matrix, indicating signaling crosstalk between cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix adhesions. In our study, we found that cells lacking the desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) displayed a significant increase in spreading area on both fibr

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