Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Désordonné'
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Esnault, Olivier. "Sur un modèle de combustion en milieu désordonné." Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258217.
Full textAtis, Séverine. "Propagation de fronts d’onde chimique en écoulement désordonné." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066663.
Full textReaction waves are an example of self-organization in reaction-diffusion systems. Generated by a nonlinear chemical reaction, these self-sustained fronts are observed in numerous systems such as in bacterial colony growth or flame fronts propagation. In this work, we have investigated the coupling between heterogeneous fluid flow and autocatalytic reaction fronts. When the mean flow opposes the chemical reaction direction, static fronts, with a specific triangular shape can appear. We will show the mechanism at the origin of these frozen pattern formation. We will then show that these reaction fronts exhibit power law spatial fluctuations. We will determine the roughness exponents associated with these structures. These fronts can also display a critical behavior through the onset of burst-like events called avalanches. We will show that these events exhibit fractal properties when approaching a dynamical phase transition. Finally, the faceted morphology of the fronts will be explained through a KPZ-like growth process
Duemmer, Olaf. "Transition de dépiégeage d'une interface élastique en milieu désordonné." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066599.
Full textZalczer, Sylvain. "Propriétés spectrales de modèles de graphène périodique et désordonné." Thesis, Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0003.
Full textThis thesis deals with various aspects of spectral theory of operators used to model graphene. It is made of two parts.The first parts deals with the periodic case. I begin by presenting a general theory of periodic systems. I introduce then different models of graphene and compare them. Finally, I look at various ways to make graphene a semiconductor. In particular, I study different types of nanoribbons and I give a result of gap opening for a pseudodifferential operator. The second part deals with the disordered case. I begin by presenting a general theory of random operators. Then, I briefly explain multiscale analysis, which is the method used to prove the main result of this theory, which is called Anderson localization. Finally, I give a proof of this localization for a model of graphene and a result on the integrated density of states
Fokine, Andrei. "Solvant désordonné et le problème de phases en cristallographie macromoléculaire." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10019.
Full textProtein crystallography studies the distribution of the electron density in a crystal by diffraction of X-rays. The diffraction data correspond to the distribution of density averaged by the time of experiment and by all cells of the crystal. The solvent occupies a large part, between 30 and 80 %, of the unit cell and is mostly disordered. The averaging smoothes all structural details in the solvent region where the average distribution of density becomes practically uniform. In this thesis, we present new approaches to the use of the information on the solvent scattering density to solve the phase problem in protein crystallography. First, we consider the situation when an atomic model of a macromolecule is available and is already placed in the unit cell. We study the flat model of the disordered solvent and propose a method to obtain its optimal parameters. Then, we consider the molecular replacement method in which an approximate model is available but its position in the unit cell is unknown. The low-resolution data, being less sensitive to model imperfections, are extremely useful for the resolution of the translation problem. However, the traditional molecular replacement protocols do not use reflections of a resolution lower than 10-15 Å because they are strongly influenced by the bulk solvent. We show that the criterion of the translation search can be improved if all low-resolution data are taken into account with the bulk-solvent correction. We developed a method allowing the bulk-solvent correction in the fast translation search. Then, we consider the situation when a macromolecular model is not yet constructed and only a first estimate of phases is available. In this case, we propose a new approach of improvement of Fourier syntheses, which uses the properties of the bulk solvent. Fourier syntheses calculated at a very low resolution (40 - 15 Å) contain very useful information on the molecular shape and on the crystal packing. Currently, such syntheses can be obtained by direct phasing of a single set of diffraction data. We study the procedure of ab initio phasing based on topological properties of Fourier syntheses and show that results of the phasing depend drastically on the solvent scattering density
Ducatez, Raphaël. "Analyse mathématique de divers systèmes de particules en milieu désordonné." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED013/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of some systems of classical and quantum particles, in a disordered medium. It comprises four published or submitted works. In the first one we provide a new formula allowing to prove Anderson localisation in one space dimension and to characterise the decay at infinity of the eigenfunctions. The second contains one of the first proofs of localisation for infinitely many particles in interaction, in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The third work is dedicated to the Anderson model in a time-periodic perturbation. Under certain conditions on the oscillation frequency we prove the absence of diffusion. In the last work we show the decay of correlations for the one-dimensional Jellium model in an inhomogeneous background, using the Hilbert distance on cones and the Birkhoff-Hopf theorem
Moulinet, Sébastien. "Rugosité et dynamique d'une ligne de contact sur un substrat désordonné." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003202.
Full textAKAABOUNE, NOR-EDDINE. "Diagramme de phase (H,T) du supraconducteur organique (TMTSF)2ClO4 faiblement désordonné." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002215.
Full textAkaaboune, Nor-Eddine. "Diagramme de phase (H, T) du supraconducteur organique (TMTSF)2ClO4 faiblement désordonné." Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002215.
Full textThe present thesis work, was focusing in particular, on the superconducting state of quasi one dimensional organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. We have determined a new vortex phase diagram of this compound, by interlayer transport measurement, performed under magnetic field applied perpendicular to the layers. Starting from an analysis of the critical current and the superconducting fluctuations, we have demonstrated that the electronic structure of (TMTSF)2ClO4 is three dimensional in nature and the transport along the weakest conductivity axis (c-axis) is very coherent although the coupling is weak in this direction. In the mixed state, the pinning energy in the liquid phase shows a 1/H dependence which corresponds to the plastic bending of the flux line lattice. Finally, we have also studied the effect of the disorder introduced by different thermal cooling rates. Our results show strong modifications on the superconducting parameters
Cixous, Pierre. "Blocage et écoulement d'un milieu granulaire dense et désordonné autour d'un obstacle rigide." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622262.
Full textMarrache-Kikuchi, Claire. "Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage de la Transition Supraconducteur-Isolant." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929767.
Full textAponte, Emilie. "Régulation de la signalisation de Src par son domaine N-terminal intrinsèquement désordonné." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT095.
Full textThe membrane-anchored non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is involved in numerous signal transduction pathways and hyperactive Src is a potent oncogene and driver of human metastasis. Most of our knowledge on Src kinase regulation relies on structural data, which revealed SH2 and SH3-dependent intramolecular interactions to control active conformations of the protein. The kinase, SH3 and SH2 domains of Src are attached to the membrane-anchored SH4 domain through the flexible unique domain (UD). The role of this UD remains obscure due to its intrinsically disordered properties for which reason it was not included in original structural analyses. Interestingly, membrane-associated intrinsic disordered domains are more prevalent among signaling and cancer-related proteins and they are thought to play critical roles in human disease. NMR analysis of Src N-terminus in the presence of lipids revealed a partially structured conformation of the UD through the contact of a small peptide sequence with membrane lipids and the SH3 domain of the protein (Perez et al, 2013; Maffei et al, 2015). This interaction was regulated by phosphorylation of Ser69 and Ser75 surrounded this central region. The aim of my thesis project was to assess the biological relevance of this structural data. Interestingly, I showed that expression of Src mutants with UD loss of function drastically affected Src activity and signaling in human non-transformed cells as well as Src oncogenic properties in metastatic colorectal cancer cells. This highlights the biomedical relevance of the system. Further proteomic analysis revealed an unsuspected mechanism by which this region controls the Src capacity to phosphorylate specific substrates involved in cancer cell activity. These data support a previously unrecognized important role of the UD on Src activity and signaling and reveals a critical role of intrinsic disordered domains in the regulation of kinase signaling in human disease. Targeting this unique region by small molecules may be of therapeutic value in human cancer
Gruez, Arnaud. "Etude cristallographique de la sulfite réductase : mise en évidence d'un module flavodoxine désordonné." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10041.
Full textBonifacie, Stéphane. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'un gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons désordonné en régime d'effet Hall quantique." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20188.
Full textMarrache-Kikuchi, Claire. "Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Full textLecoutre, Baptiste. "Transport quantique d'atomes ultra-froids en milieu désordonné : Temps de diffusion élastique et fonctions spectrales." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP060.
Full textThis manuscript presents the work of a thesis dealing with the quantum transport of matter-waves in optical disordered potentials. This thesis lies in the context of the experimental study of the critical regime of the Anderson transition separating the localized states of a quantum particle in a disordered potential from its diffusive states. We will first present the fundamental concepts of wave propagation in disordered media to introduce the phenomenon of Anderson localization, for which we will establish the state of the art of its study with ultracold atoms. We will then present our apparatus, generating Bose-Einstein condensates as sources of matter-waves as well as our setup generating a spin-dependant optical disorder. We will focus on the upgrades we brought to our experiment to overcome the limitations previously encountered. After the introduction of these concepts, we will focus on the measurement of the elastic scattering time which is one the elmentary parameters of wave propagation in disorder. We will finish by connecting those measurements to the concept of spectral function, previously measured with our experiment. All those works pave the way to the spectrocopic study of the Anderson transition with ultracold atoms
Marrache-Kikuchi, Claire Akiko. "Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Full textLow temperature transport in disordered conducting materials imply quantum interference, Coulomb repulsion, and superconducting fluctuations. Since 2D is the lower critical dimension for the existence of metallic and superconducting states, we have studied two quantum phase transitions – the Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) and the Metal-to-Insulator Transition (MIT) – when the thickness of a disordered system – here a-NbSi – is lowered. The underlying problem is the transition between the different states and the conditions for a 2D metal to exist. We have studied the field and disorder-induced SIT. The principal characteristics we have observed (renormalization, role of the field orientation) are well explained by M. P. A. Fisher's theory. However, we do not find the critical exponents values and a universal resistance at the transition as predicted by this theory. Concerning the MIT, we have decreased the thickness of a metallic system to reach the dimension 2 and an insulating state. In both transitions, the passage to the insulating state clearly shows the existence of dissipative states at zero temperature that are not predicted by conventional theories. We propose an interpretation of all our results that implies the existence of a novel phase in 2D, a Bose Metal, between the superconducting and the metallic states. This new state has been predicted by recent theories. We trace the corresponding phase diagram for the model system NbSi with respect to concentration and film thickness
Gawiec, Pierre. "Propriétés statiques et dynamiques des états de basse énergie d'un système de spins bidimensionnel anisotrope désordonné." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10206.
Full textKrzakala, Florent. "Aspects géométriques et paysage d'énergie des verres de spins: étude d'un système désordonné et frustré en dimension finie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002232.
Full textKrzakala, Florent. "Aspects géométriques et paysages d'énergies des verres de spins : étude d'un système désordonné et frustré en dimension finie." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002232.
Full textManeville, Stephanie. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle d'un domaine intrinsèquement désordonné de l'oncoprotéine BCR-ABL responsable de la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4743/document.
Full textThe BCR-ABL oncoprotein is responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The fusion of a part of ABL and BCR leads to deregulation of kinase activity of ABL. Several domains in these two proteins play an important role in the activation of oncogenic properties. One of them is a BCR region, located at the N- terminal part, containing a SH2 domain binding. In this thesis , I have characterized for the first time , the structural properties of this region, using several biophysical methods : the domain of BCR is intrinsically disordered. In parallel, I have studied the interactions between the binding domain of BCR and theSH domains of ABL. I identified new sites of interaction with ABL into BCR. Finally, I evaluated the functional impact of new sites of interaction within the BCR- ABL oncoprotein in a cellular model. Preliminary results show that two new sites have a role in the oncogenic properties of BCR- ABL. These results offer the possibility to develop new drugs complementary to existing , that target a new region of BCR- ABL and could fight against the resistance occurred in patients vis-a-vis current treatments
Kechadi, Mohand Tahar. "Un modèle de fonctionnement désordonné pour les systèmes multiprocesseurs pipelines vectoriels à mémoires partagées : définition, modélisation et proposition d'architecture." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10057.
Full textZanon, Nathalie. "Théorie des matrices de transfert aléatoires : application à l'étude de la conductance d'un système désordonné en régime quantique cohérent." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112350.
Full textRichard, Jérémie. "Propagation d'atomes ultra-froids en milieu désordonné - Étude dans l'espace des impulsions de phénomènes de diffusion et de localisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLO001/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is linked to the observation in momentum space of diffusion and localization phenomena using matter waves in optical disorder. We start by a general introduction on disorder physics and propagation in complex media by describing diffusion and localization phenomena such as the coherent backscattering or the Anderson localization. Then, we develop the experimental aspect of our work which is related to ultra-cold atoms, manipulated and controlled in order to create a coherent matter-wave analogous to a plane wave. Optics is an essential aspect of our work, that is why we present a complete experimental study of the system of creation of our disorder, called speckle field. These preliminary steps allow us to describe the research done by our team. An elementary parameter of diffusion, the elastic scattering time has been experimentally measured for an attractive and a repulsive speckle field. A weak localization phenomenon visible in momentum space, the coherent backscattering, observed for the first time with ultra-cold atoms, is then presented. The consequent study of the resurgence of coherent backscattering, done by our team, is based on the manipulation of an essential property for coherent propagation in disorder: the time reversal symmetry. Finally, we present a preliminary study of a novel signature in momentum space of the Anderson localization called coherent forward-scattering
Khan, Shahid Nawaz. "Exploration par résonance magnétique de l'espace conformationnel et de la dynamique du facteur de transcription partiellement désordonné Engrailed-2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066146/document.
Full textIntrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), which lack a stable rigid structure constitute a large and functionally important class of proteins. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a well-established technique to characterize the structural and dynamical features of IDPs at atomic resolution. The broad conformational space of IDPs makes them challenging targets for structural biology to define their precise structural features and motions, the physical and chemical properties that underlie their biological functions. The present thesis establishes biophysical investigation of the disordered region of the transcription factor Engrailed-2 (13.5 kDa) primarily by NMR. After describing the protocol of expression and purification of the isotopically labeled protein, we present a novel approach to characterize the pico – nano second motions in IDPs using nuclear spin relaxation data at multiple fields. Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancements (PREs) are used to identify transient long-range interactions between the disordered region and the folded homeodomain of Engrailed-2. Binding to DNA was studied by fluorescence anisotropy and highlights the role of the disordered region in the DNA binding. We used Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to probe the potential interaction between the hydrophobic cluster (hexapeptide) in the disordered region and the homeodomain. The one-bond 1H-15N, Cα-Hα and Cα-C′ residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) measured for Engrailed-2 provide important constraints for the refinement of the conformational space of Engrailed_2. All these approaches provide valuable insights in understanding the structural, dynamical and functional properties of this IDP
Trehou, Guy. "Conception assistée de communicateurs pour handicapés à l'aide d'un langage orienté objet : accès désordonné à un dictionnaire par recherche binaire." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10040.
Full textPonson, Laurent. "Propagation de fissures dans les matériaux désordonnés : comment déchiffrer les surfaces de rupture." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0069.
Full textCouëdo, François. "Transitions de phase quantiques dans les systèmes désordonnés de basse dimension." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990782.
Full textAllard, Baptiste. "Gaz bidimensionnels désordonnés : diffusion et transition superfluide." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777687.
Full textBrown, Ross. "Transport d'excitations par effet tunnel dans un solide désordonné : interprétation des résultats sur le cristal isotopiquement mixte de naphtalène à l'état triplet." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10530.
Full textBoussey, Jumana. "Etude de la restructuration de couches de silicium désordonné par implantation ionique : effet du recuit thermique sur les propriétés électriques et structurales." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0047.
Full textVermersch, Benoît. "Dynamique d'un gaz de bosons ultra-froids dans un milieu désordonné : effets des interactions sur la localisation et sur la transition d'Anderson." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10054/document.
Full textIn a disordered potential, the diffusive transport of non-interacting particles can be inhibited, a phenomenon known as Anderson localization. In three dimensions, there exists a quantum phase-transition between localized (insulator) and diffusive (metal) dynamics. A long-standing question is the effect of interactions on such dynamics. The goal of this thesis is to investigate this problem theoretically and numerically in the experimental framework of Bose-Einstein condensates. In one dimension, the interplay between disorder and interactions leads to the existence of three regimes which are characterized with a spectral approach. In three dimensions, using a “quantum simulator” of the 3D Anderson model we show the emergence of sub-diffusion in lieu of Anderson localization. Considering the excitations of the system in the very weakly interacting regime, we also demonstrate that the concept of universality of the Anderson transition also applies to Bogoliubov quasi-particles. Finally, we show the relevance of a new method, the truncated Husimi method, in order to take into account the effect of quantum noise on interacting disordered systems
Ferone, Raffaello. "Thermoelectric transport in disordered mesoscopic systems." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10036.
Full textLa théorie de Landau des liquides de Fermi prévoit que la charge et la chaleur sont transportées par les mêmes objets: les quasi-particules fermionics de Landau. De façon très général, ceci est vrai, si l'écrantage parmi les particules dans le système est assez fort pour pouvoir continuer à considérer le système comme composé de particules indépendantes. C'est le cas, par exemple, pour la mer d'électrons dans un métal ordinaire. L'existence d'un même responsable pour le transport de la charge et de la chaleur est exprimé par la lois de Wiedemann-Franz (WF) qui affirme que le rapport entre la conductivité thermique et électrique dépend de la température par une constante qui est plus au moins la même pour plusieurs métaux. La constante de proportionnalité est appelé nombre de Lorenz. Que se passe-t-il si les conditions concernant l'écrantage que nous avons mentionnées ne sont plus satisfaites, comme par exemple dans les systèmes à dimensionalité réduite, ou des système à basse densité électronique ? Le travail de thèse est divisé en deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons étudié le transport thermique et électrique dans un fil quantique désordonné; dans la deuxième, l'influence des fluctuations supraconductives sur la conductivité thermique dans un métal granulaire
El, Yamani El Mustapha. "Étude de certaines propriétés de systèmes spinelles magnétiquement désordonnés et comparaison au comportement des petites particules." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112221.
Full textCrauste, Olivier. "Étude des transitions de phases quantiques supraconducteur -- isolant, métal -- isolant dans des matériaux amorphes désordonnés proches de la dimension 2." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579256.
Full textSotta, Paul. "Facettage des phases cubiques lyotropes. Elastomères étudiés par RMN. Transition vitreuse dans les polymères en volume et en films minces. Fluage dans un système élastique désordonné." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009614.
Full textDi, Scala Nicolas. "TRANSITION DE DÉPIÉGEAGE DANS LES RÉSEAUX DE VORTEX SUPRACONDUCTEURS : ÉTUDE PAR SIMULATION NUMÉRIQUE." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741545.
Full textRajchenbach, Jean. "Étude de l'existence d'une ligne de transition de phase dans le verre de spin isolant Eu0,4 Sr0,6 S, à partir de mesures dynamiques." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112091.
Full textBy the means of measurements of the angle of Faraday rotation, we probed the kinetics of the magnetization at the approach of the spin-glass transition, on the insulating compound Eu0. 4Sr0. 6S. We determined the laws of variation of the relaxation time versus temperature and magnetic field. An analysis in term of critical slowing dawn is fully consistent with our experimental datas, and implies the existence of a line of phase transition in the field-temperature plane. This transition line looks like the one which was predicted by De Almeida and Thouless in the mean field model, but has a different exponent. Converging agreements susta1n this analysis : the temperature of the divergence of the relaxation time is identical with the temperature of the maximum of the static susceptibility ; the single spin-flip frequency deduced from our measurements in this model compares very well with the exchange frequency, given by kTc/h
Iacovella, Fabrice. "Transport électronique sous champ magnétique intense dans des gaz d'électrons bidimensionnels." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30075/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on electronic transport properties of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) under high magnetic field (60T). The first part is dedicated to the 2DEG formed at the interface between two band insulators, namely LaAlO3/SrTiO3. In the range of available magnetic field, the nonlinearity of the Hall resistance reveals a multi-band conduction system. We have found that a majority of charge carriers with low mobility (µ ~100 cm2/Vs) occupies one conduction band and a minority of high mobility carriers (µ> 1000 cm2/Vs) occupies at least two conduction bands. The presence of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at very low temperature (450mK) is mostly associated with the high mobility carriers. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillations are substantially modified when the carrier density is modulated by electrostatic coupling, suggesting a complex electronic system whose transport properties are strongly influenced by many external parameters (growth conditions, carrier density, temperature, quality of the interface, etc). The second part is devoted to the study of inhomogeneous graphene films deposited by chemical vapor deposition. Two samples with radically different electronic properties were studied. One of them consists of a random array of few-layer-graphene grains strongly coupled to each other. Large oscillations in the magneto-resistance are observed in high magnetic field. These oscillations are pseudo-periodic as a function of the filling factor suggesting the onset of Landau level quantization particular to each grain which, subsequently, prevents the establishment of the quantum Hall regime. In another sample, the presence of strong disorder localizes the electronic wave function close to impurities or grains of multi-layer graphene. The transport regime can be described by a model of thermally activated electron hopping. At low temperatures, the conductivity is zero (insulating behaviour) provided the bias voltage does not exceed a certain threshold. Once this threshold is reached, the charge transport is well described by a model which considers an array of weakly (capacitive) coupled conducting islands. The experimental positive magneto-resistance in high magnetic field satisfies the predictions of the VRH model (Variable Range Hopping) involving magnetic-induced shrinkage of the electronic wave functions, in consistency with the low temperature charge localization regime. The third part is devoted to the search for the surface states in topological insulators, especially in the Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 compounds. The existence of such surface states with special electronic properties was predicted by many theoretical studies and experimentally confirmed by Angle Resolved Photo Emission Spectroscopy. However, signatures of surface conducting states probed by electronic transport remain controversial. In this perspective, we took advantage of very high magnetic field to investigate on surface state induced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at very low temperature. Although the results did not provide convincing evidence of the expected phenomena, they are discussed in the context of the existing literature and pave the way for further researches
Sevelev, Maxime. "Phase diagram, jamming and glass transitions in the non-convex perceptron." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS331.
Full textThis thesis treats the «spherical perceptron model», a simple exactly solvable model for glassy behavior and jamming suitably generalized to negative values of scalar product parameter κ. The classical machine-learning problem of random pattern classification by the perceptron is a convex constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Even when the «stability parameter» κ of the model becomes negative, the problem still make sense and can be interpreted as the problem of particles on an N-dimensional sphere trying to avoid randomly placed obstacles. In this case, the corresponding CSP is non-convex. This thesis studies the problem in detail in the non-convex domain. Systematic study is made possible by assigning to a constraint satisfaction problem its corresponding optimization version endowed with a Hamiltonian function (cost function) quantifying the violations of the constraints, as a function of the system's configuration. The connection between random CSP and glassy phenomenology in physics is well known and has been explored in detail for models with discrete variables. The presence of continuous variables in the (spherical) perceptron model enables us to unveil, in random CSP, the characteristic SAT/UNSAT transition where the system transits from the satisfiable regime (where the ground state has zero energy) to the unsatisfiable one (where the ground state energy is positive). This phase transition can also be interpreted as a jamming transition similar to the one that exhibit models with frictionless spheres. The simplicity of the considered model allows the exact determination of the zero temperature phase diagram as a function of the control parameters: the density of obstacles and their size. In the present thesis, the jamming transition thus identified is completely characterized and several glass phases of stable and marginal character are studied in detail
Coste, Virginie. "Formation de domaines de types "rafts" dans des vésicules unilamellaires et mécanismes physico-chimiques de l'extraction de domaines membranaires." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116250.
Full textIn this work, we have been interesting in the study of the liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered (lo/ld) phase coexistence within LUV (Large Unilamellar Vesicle) membranes model. First, we have attempted to develop a methodology both allowing the detection of lo phase formation and the quantitative estimation of membrane fraction Φo occupied by lo phase in LUV of ternary composition: PC/SM/Chol (phosphatidylcholine /sphingomyeline /cholesterol). For this purpose, the properties of fluorescence self-quenching and selective partitioning between lipid phases of a unique fluorescent probe (C12NBD-PC) were used. The second part of our work has been dedicated to the study of the solubilization of LUVs showing lo/ld phase coexistence by Triton X-100 detergent. Our aim was to demonstrate the possibility to extract strictly lo phase membrane fraction, by the study of structural transitions induced by Triton X-100 interactions with LUVs at 4°C
Correia, Sebastiao. "Diffusion multiple dans les systèmes désordonnés composés de diffuseurs de taille finie et approche du groupe de renormalisation pour la description des systèmes d'électrons en interaction." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001525.
Full textd'un électron dans des systèmes désordonnés sont étudiées au moyen
d'un développement perturbatif utilisant la série de Watson.
L'utilisation de potentiels de taille finie répartis de façon
aléatoire pour modéliser le désordre nécessite l'introduction de
matrices de diffusion hors couche d'énergie, qui permettent ensuite de
calculer analytiquement chaque élément de la série de Watson. Des
corrections au libre parcours moyen élastique de Boltzmann, en
dimensions 2 et 3, sont obtenues à l'aide de la moyenne d'ensemble du
propagateur de l'électron. La taille du diffuseur y joue un rôle
important.
La resommation exacte de la série de Watson sous forme matricielle
permet une étude numérique de la section efficace totale de diffusion
du système désordonné. Celle-ci montre un comportement inattendu lors
du passage du régime balistique au régime diffusif.
La deuxième partie concerne le transport d'électrons en interaction
dans les systèmes désordonnés. Le désordre y est modélisé par un
champ d'impuretés statiques. L'utilisation d'outils de la théorie des
champs permet d'envisager une approche non perturbative de ces
systèmes désordonnés dans lesquels l'interaction entre électrons peut
être à l'origine d'une transition entre le régime métallique et le régime
isolant.
Une nouvelle approche s'inspirant du groupe de renormalisation est
ensuite appliquée au calcul d'équations de flot décrivant l'évolution
des constantes de couplage d'un système d'électrons en interaction.
L'approximation à l'ordre d'une boucle permet de vérifier que ces
équations de flot conduisent aux résultats donnés par la théorie des
perturbations (RPA).
Solana, Mathias. "Electronic transport in spin-glasses and mesoscopic wires : correlations of universal conductance fluctuations in disordered conductors." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY020/document.
Full textThe experimental work developed during this PhD is situated at the interface of two fields of condensed matter physics, namely spin glasses and mesoscopic physics. Spin glasses have been widely studied and are one of the problem that has been the most discussed over the years, both on a theoretical and experimental point of view. This state is characterized by very peculiar properties that come to light as it exhibits a magnetic phase transition at low temperatures that is already unusual. Indeed, this transition is due to a mix of frustration and disorder in the magnetic structure of the system, making it an exceptional model system for glasses and frustrated systems in general. After many efforts, theoreticians managed to described the fundamental state of the system by the mean of two different and apparently incompatible approaches. The first one, called RSB theory, is based on a mean-field approximation and predicts a complex phase space with an unconventional hierarchical organization. The second is based on more phenomenological approach and is named Droplet theory. It points towards a unique ground state and explain all the observation by slow relaxation processes. However, the question of the true nature of the spin glass phase is still heavily debated. Mesoscopic physics, for its part, addresses the question of electronic transport for samples in which the electrons keep their phase coherence. If the electrons remains coherent, it is possible to see interference effects that are quantum signs of what happens at the atomic level. In this work, it is used to probe the magnetic and static disorder in spin glasses. Indeed, it is possible to interpret the change in those interferences as changes in the microscopic disorder configuration and to know exactly how the spin glass state evolves. Some work have already tried to use coherent transport in spin glasses but this remains an open field. This work has then be dedicated to the implementation of transport measurement in spin glasses and mesocopic conductors. The first part will be focused on a the experimental setup that was used to perform very precise transport measurements and on the processing of the data taken out of them. In a second part, we will present some general physical characteristics of our samples such as their resistance dependence to the temperature or magnetic field, before extracting the quantum signature in magnetoresistance measurements. Finally, we will discuss the results obtained. We show that strong changes in the microscopic disorder happen even at low temperatures, in opposition to what is believed. We argue that those observed changes are purely structural and come from systems that are widely distributed in energy
Pujol, Pierre. "Théories conformes et systèmes désordonnés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001167.
Full textLuck, Jean-Marc. "Propriétés critiques de systèmes désordonnés." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066122.
Full textGueudré, Thomas. "Physique statistique des systèmes désordonnés." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0009/document.
Full textThis Thesis presents several aspects of the stochastic growth, through its most paradig-matic model, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation (KPZ). Albeit very simple, this equa-tion shows a rich behaviour and has been extensively studied for decades. The existenceof a new universality class is now well established, containing numerous growth modelslike the Eden model or the Polynuclear Growth Model. The KPZ equation is closelyrelated to optimisation problems (the Directed Polymer) or turbulence of uids (theBurgers equation), a feature that underlines its importance. Nonetheless, the bound-aries of this universality class are still vague. The focus of this Thesis is to probe thoselimits through various modifications of the models. It is divided in four chapters:i) First, we present theoretical tools, borrowed from integrable systems, that allowto characterize in great details the evolution of the interface. Those tools exhibitconsiderable exibility due to the large corpus of work on integrable systems, and weillustrate it by tackling the case of confined geometry (growth close to a hard wall).ii) We investigate the inuence of the disorder distribution, and more specificallythe importance of large events, with heavy-tailed distributions. Those extreme eventsstretch the interface and notably modify the main scaling exponents. The consequenceson optimization strategies in disorder landscapes are emphasized.iii) The presence of correlations in the disorder is of natural experimental interest.Although they do not impact the KPZ class, they greatly inuence the average speed ofgrowth. The latter quantity is often overlooked because it is non-universal and ratherill-defined. Nonetheless, we show that a generic optimal average speed exists in presenceof time correlations, due to a competition between exploration and exploitation.iv) Finally, we consider a set of experiments about chemical front growth in porousmedium. While this growth process is not related to KPZ in an immediate way, wepresent different tools that effciently reproduce the observations.Along that work, the consequences of each Chapter in various domains, like opti-misation strategies, turbulence, population dynamics or finance, are detailed
Dupuis, Vincent. "Dynamique lente des systèmes magnétiques désordonnés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002623.
Full textLévy, Yves-Emmanuel. "Quelques résultats sur les systèmes désordonnés." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112104.
Full textAkkermans, Éric. "Propagation d'ondes dans les milieux désordonnés." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10050.
Full textCarvalho, Bezerra Sérgio de. "Étude asymptotique de certains systèmes désordonnés." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10053/document.
Full textThis thesis basically study two kinds of disorder systems. The first one the spin glasses and second one the directed polymers into a random environment. These two research themes can be solved by the utilization of the same tools. Although they are strongly different by the nature of the interactions and the geometry structure that they create. In few words, we give a summary: For the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Spin Glasses model, we make an asymptotic study of the multiple overlap function which generalizes the typical two configuration overlap function. Afterward, we develop a central limit theorem for the partition function of a localized Sherrigton-Kirkpatrick model. At the end, we obtain a study of the partition function and a result of super-diffusivity for a brownien directed polymer model into an random gaussian environment