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Journal articles on the topic 'Despotism – Europe – History'

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Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Paula, Fábio De Souza de, and João Emílio de Assis Reis. "DO BERÇO DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO À SUA DIMENSÃO MODERNA: EUROPA E BRASIL/THE BITH OF CONSTITUTIONALISM TO ITS MODERN DIMENSION: EUROPE AND BRAZIL." Revista Diorito 1, no. 1 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26702/rd.v1i1.8.

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RESUMO Este estudo descreve o constitucionalismo, do berço à sua dimensão moderna com alguns momentos relevantes para a compreensão na atualidade, com evidência na Europa e no Brasil. Uma trajetória histórica com diversidade geográfica, cultural, social e política tem marcado a evolução do constitucionalismo em diferentes épocas da existência humana desde o período da barbárie, do despotismo marcado pela monarquia até chegar ao surgimento do Estado Moderno e do Neoconstitucionalismo nos dias atuais.Palavras-chave: História do Constitucionalismo. Brasil. Europa. ABSTRACTThis study describes the
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2

Jacobsen, Stefan Gaarsmand. "Limits to Despotism: Idealizations of Chinese Governance and Legitimizations of Absolutist Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 17, no. 4 (2013): 347–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342370.

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Abstract The term “oriental despotism” was used to describe all larger Asian empires in eighteenth century Europe. It was meaningful to use about the Ottoman, Mughal and Chinese empires. However, this did not mean that all Europeans writing on Asian empires implied that they were all tyrannies with no political qualities. The Chinese system of government received great interest among early modern political thinkers in Europe ever since it was described in the reports that Jesuit missionaries had sent back from China in the beginning of the seventeenth century. The descriptions of an ethical an
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3

Çirakman, Asli. "FROM TYRANNY TO DESPOTISM: THE ENLIGHTENMENT'S UNENLIGHTENED IMAGE OF THE TURKS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 1 (2001): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801001039.

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This study aims to examine the way in which European writers of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries represented Ottoman government. The Ottoman Empire had a special place in European experience and thought. The Ottomans were geographically close to Western Europe, yet they were quite apart in culture and religion, a combination that triggered interest in Turkish affairs.1 Particularly important were political affairs. The Ottoman government inspired a variety of opinions among European travelers and thinkers. During the 18th century, the Ottomans lost their image as formidable and eventually ce
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4

Lozhkin, Eugeny. "The influence of Swedish Constitutionalism on the Russian policy of the "Northernism" of the late XVIII century." Polylogos 6, no. 4 (22) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s258770110021683-3.

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In this article the author proposes a new approach to understanding the period of the reign of the Emperor Paul I. The author draws parallels between the history of Russian and Swedish constitutionalism of the second half of the XVIII century, and argues for the typological similarity of the "Gustavian era" in Sweden and the reign period of the Paul I in Russia. At the same time, the politics of Paul I was based on the identification model of Russian “northernism” prevailing in the last third of the 18th century, within which the special role of Russia in the region of northe
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Gluck, Mary. "In Search of “That Semi-Mythical Waif: Hungarian Liberalism”: The Culture of Political Radicalism in 1918–1919." Austrian History Yearbook 22 (January 1991): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800019895.

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In contemporary discussions of the new, post-Communist regimes of Eastern Europe, Hungary is often given pride of place as the most “liberalized” society in the region. Although this perception is based on undeniable political and economic facts, it is also nourished by long-established historical traditions and myths. During the revolutions of 1848–49, Hungarians were also hailed by European opinion as the champions of liberty and heroic resistance to oppression. Over half a century later, in the wake of the political and military collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, Hungary once again staged a
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ROSENBERG, CLIFFORD. "Population Politics, Power and the Problem of Modernity in Stephen Kotkin'sMagnetic Mountain." Contemporary European History 23, no. 2 (2014): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777314000095.

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Did population policy under Stalin differ, in any fundamental respect, from those of inter-war France or other Western countries? In a radical rethinking of the Soviet experience, Stephen Kotkin said no.Magnetic Mountainmoved the field of Soviet history past an increasingly sterile cold war standoff between the so-called new social history and the totalitarian school. With the social history generation, Kotkin insisted on seeing the Soviet project from the perspective of ordinary people, subject to the same kind of forces that applied throughout Europe. He had no truck with ideas like oriental
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Kivelson, Valerie. "Merciful Father, Impersonal State: Russian Autocracy in Comparative Perspective." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 3 (1997): 635–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00017091.

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Comparative analyses traditionally have done Russian history no favors. Invidious comparisons have situated Russia firmly in a context of backwardness relative to the West. The term ‘medieval’ customarily applies to Russia until the era of Peter the Great, that is, until the early eighteenth century, and even the least condemnatory scholars point out similarities between Muscovite Russia of the fourteenth through seventeenth centuries and early medieval tribal formations of northern Europe. Along with ‘backwardness,’ comparative history has customarily found in Russia an example of extraordina
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8

Hordiichuk, Olha, Tomasz Dekert, and Yulia Lysetska. "The Political and Mental Aspects of Ukraine Integration with Europe." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 2 (July 30, 2024): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2024.29.2.5.

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This research paper examines Ukraine’s path towards European integration. From the 10th to the 12th centuries, Ukraine – then known as Kyivan Rus’ – was a strong independent state, but due to internal conflicts and conquests, it became weakened and fell under the influence of other state entities. From the 17th century onwards, as a result of the Pereyaslav agreements (1654 and 1659) between the Cossacks and Moscow, Ukraine found itself increasingly under the sway of Russia, a situation that persisted until the collapse of the “prison of the peoples”, the Soviet Union. Despite Russian propagan
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9

Filatov, Alexey. "The power of the arab caliphs in the byzantine literature of the 9th and 10th centuries." Metamorphoses of history, no. 26 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s230861810023611-2.

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The birth of Islam proclaimed a new age in the history of interreligious interactions in the Middle East. In the 7th century, the political map of the region has changed, and the Christian world encountered a new adversary represented by the first Islamic state known as Caliphate. First of all, the transformation of the region influenced the consciousness of Eastern Romans (or Byzantines), whose state became a real barrier protecting Europe from the hordes of conquerors. Byzantine Empire held back the Arabian attacks for centuries, and the Caliphate was always regarded as «the state of evil» o
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10

WHATMORE, RICHARD. "ETIENNE DUMONT, THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION, AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION." Historical Journal 50, no. 1 (2007): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005905.

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Etienne Dumont became famous in the early nineteenth century for taking Jeremy Bentham's incoherent manuscripts and editing them into readable books which he translated into French. This article focuses on Dumont's earlier life, and specifically his Genevan background, to explain his work for Mirabeau in the first years of the French Revolution and his ultimate sense of the importance of Bentham's system of legislation. The article explains why Dumont's Genevan origins caused him to promote reforms in France intended to establish domestic stability and international peace. Dumont believed that
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Smirnova, Ekaterina. "Roman Emperors in Dostoevsky’s Calligraphic Notes to The Idiot." Неизвестный Достоевский 7, no. 4 (2020): 177–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2020.4994.

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The article focuses on clarifying the role of names of Roman emperors in Dostoevsky’s calligraphic records in his notebooks of the late 1860s (Russian State Archive of Literature and Art. Funds 212.1.6 and 212.1.7). One of the reasons for Fedor Dostoevsky’s invocation of images and themes from Roman history was the idea characteristic of the educated class of the mid-19th century, namely, that the history of Rome is a model of virtues and example of vices and atrocities, and is therefore essential to everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of humankind. Since the writer’s creative reflecti
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Nakonechnyj, Volodymyr, and Liudmyla Kuznetsova. "Ukrainian-Russian Relations in the Elucidation of the Magazine "Nash Lemko" ("Our Lemko")." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): 122–33. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745X.12.2023.292407.

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The main objective of this article is to find out peculiarities of interpretation of the past and current state of Ukrainian-Russian relations by the authors of “Nash lemkо” (“Our Lemko”). The research task aims at a comprehensive reconstruction of the problems of Ukrainian-Russian relations, presented on the pages of the magazine “Nash lemko”, the flagship of Ruthenian periodical of the interwar period. The research methodology is based on the combination of principles (historicism and objectivity) and methods (philosophical, general scientific and special
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Бандровська, Ольга. "“THERE IS NO NEW RUSSIA”: СЕМІОТИКА І ВІЙНА В БРИТАНСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ І КУЛЬТУРІ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ". Inozenma Philologia, № 137 (22 листопада 2024): 246–55. https://doi.org/10.30970/fpl.2024.137.4505.

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In the context of semiotics as a metascience, it is legitimate to delineate the semiotics of war, which explores the genesis and progression of wars as sign systems and their impact on the global order. This paper aims to examine the signs of war and aggression produced by Russia through the lens of Western literary perspectives. In British literary history, the theme of war is predominant and encompasses a variety of interstate, civil, religious, colonial, regional, and global confl icts. The focus of this study is the portrayal of the Russian Empire/Soviet Union/Russian Federation as a sourc
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14

Ryabinin, Alexei. "The East, the West, and the World History." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310017999-6.

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The author raises in the article an important question of human civilization development: what contribution the East has made to the centuries-long evolution of society. The author emphasizes that, despite the low attention to the countries of the East in the World History books, it was the “Eastern” way that laid down by the great despotisms: Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, Ancient China, and was the main way of human development. Indeed the “Western path” did not appear immediately in Europe itself: both Minoan and Mycenaean Greece developed along the Eastern path, and onl
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15

Klymonchuk, V., and O. Ardeli. "Formation of Ukrainian identity and national state formation in the modern era of the XIX century." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 4(48) (January 29, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2020.4(48).232691.

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The article examines the dynamics and features of the revival of Ukrainian national traditions, mainly languages and their institutionalization, which are accompanied by the formation of an intellectual national-patriotic elite, whose representatives were examples of moral behavior and political leadership in the struggle for national liberation. It is noted that having formed relatively separately in the four main parts of the Ukrainian lands (Dnieper, Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia), the Ukrainian scientific, cultural, educational and political elite began to unite efforts in organizin
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16

KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 78, no. 3-4 (2004): 305–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002515.

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-Bill Maurer, Mimi Sheller, Consuming the Caribbean: From Arawaks to Zombies. New York: Routledge, 2003. ix + 252 pp.-Norman E. Whitten, Jr., Richard Price ,The root of roots: Or, how Afro-American anthropology got its start. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press/University of Chicago Press, 2003. 91 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Holly Snyder, Paolo Bernardini ,The Jews and the expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001. xv + 567 pp., Norman Fiering (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Seymour Drescher, The mighty experiment: Free labor versus slavery in British emancipation. New York: O
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17

Kidd, Colin. "Global Turns: Other States, Other Civilizations." New England Quarterly 91, no. 1 (2018): 172–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00665.

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Although Ideological Origins was published before ‘globalization’ had entered the historical lexicon, Bernard Bailyn recovered the global perspectives of eighteenth-century Britons, who were keenly aware of parallels with ancient Rome, alert to the character of contemporary empires across Eurasia, and anxious about the recent Europe-wide decline of limited monarchies into despotisms.
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18

Kotob, Mohamad Saleh, та Jamal Ahmed Badi. "نشأة الدولة الحديثة: دراسة تحليلية للتاريخ والفكر السياسي". AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES 6, № 1 (2023): 190–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hikmah.v6i1.357.

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إن الدولة الحديثة اليوم من المسلمات السياسية حيث صار العالم مقسماً إلى 193 دولة، تزيد أو تنقص، وقد اختفت الأشكال السياسية الأخرى. ورغم كثرة ما كتب حولها والاهتمام الذي حظيت به هذه المؤسسة السياسية، العلماء والمختصون لا يملون من الاعتراف بصعوبة تحديد أصول ونشأة الدولة الحديثة. فمن المفيد البحث عن أصولها وأحداث نشأتها تاريخياً، ومن أجل أن تكتمل الصورة، يَحسن النظر كذلك في تطور الفكر السياسي حول الدولة الحديثة ومحاولة مقارنة وربط الأحداث التاريخية بتطور المواضيع والمفاهيم الفكرية، وذلك بواسطة المنهج التاريخي للأول، والمنهج التحليلي النقدي للأخير، ثم المنهج المقارن للربط والمقارنة. وتبين من البحث
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19

Chatterjee, Choi. "Transnational Romance, Terror, and Heroism: Russia in American Popular Fiction, 1860–1917." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, no. 3 (2008): 753–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417508000327.

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Scholars of Russian-American relations in the late nineteenth century have long been concerned with the personalities and writings of university-based experts, journalists, diplomats, and political activists. We are well acquainted with the observations of various American commentators on the backward state of Russian state, society, economy, and politics. While the activities of prominent men such as George Kennan have effortlessly dominated the historical agenda, the negative discourses that they produced about Russia have subsumed other important American representations of the country. Sin
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20

ROWELL, S. C. "HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW." Historical Journal 44, no. 2 (2001): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0100173x.

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Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union and Swedish socialism the Baltic region has attracted more attention, although not perhaps as much as it might deserve, than since the 1930s. English-speaking readers have been presented with a magisterial survey of the northern world over a five hundred years' period. However, many of the old stereotypes of war, pestilence, and the rise of Sweden under Gustav Adolphus, the lion of the north, and of Russia under the delusively attractive despots, Peter I and Catherine II (both of whom were essentially Baltic animals), remain unchallenged. Over the past d
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21

Broers, Michael. "Revolution as Vendetta: Napoleonic Piedmont 1801–1814 II." Historical Journal 33, no. 4 (1990): 787–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013765.

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The virus of violent, personal vendetta had poisoned the blood of elite society in Piedmont by the time the country was formally annexed to France in April 1802. The turbulent events of the period 1794–1801 had inflamed and then politicized a society ‘whose customs steadfastly retained something of the unruly and fiercesome’, as Sauli d'Igliano, the son of a petty count from Ceva, chose to describe it when writing of his childhood in the mid-1790s. The revolutionary process unleashed and, finally, entrenched that penchant for violence among ‘men of the second order’ that Giuseppe Baretti had i
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Anisimov, Oleg V. "The House of Bourbon and Сonstitutional Revolutions in Southern Europe". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, № 1 (2023): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.111.

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The article examines the transfer of ideas and practices of constitutionalism from Spain to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1812–1820. On the basis of dispatches of the Russian envoy in Naples Gustav Stackelberg, the author analyses the features of the revolutionary events of the summer — autumn of 1820. The immediate objects of Count Stackelberg’s observation in Naples were the situation of the Bourbon monarchy and the new constitutional government; their relations with the Carbonari society; relations within the diplomatic corps and among representatives of the great powers. The article a
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23

Ali, M. Athar. "The Mughal Polity—A Critique of Revisionist Approaches." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 4 (1993): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001256.

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The nature of the pre-colonial Indian state, especially as one could see it in similarity or opposition to the state in Europe, has exercised a particular fascination since the seventeenth century, when François Bernier spelled out his theory about Oriental monarchies, with special reference to the Mughal Empire and Turkey. It may be recalled that he saw eastern states different from the European in two major particulars: (1) The king here was the owner of the soil, in other words, the exactor of rent; and (2) those who actually collected the tax-rent held only temporary tenures, as holders of
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24

Thompson, Elizabeth. "PALMIRA BRUMMETT, Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000). Pp. 489. $86.50 cloth, $29.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, no. 1 (2002): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802291060.

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The reader plunges into the whirlwind of revolution in this study of the satirical press that circulated after the Young Turks reinstated the Ottoman constitution in 1908. The brave new world depicted in the more than one hundred cartoons reprinted in this work is headed in unknown and often paradoxical directions: we see starving peasants confront fur-coated revolutionaries; dragon-headed despots leading Lady Liberty by the arm; cadaverous cholera victims patrolling the streets; and a woman steering an airplane above the revolutionary city of the future. The 1908 revolution will never look qu
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Manning, Paul. "Just like England: On the Liberal Institutions of the Circassians." Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 3 (2009): 590–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509000243.

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With Pushkin's narrative poem Prisoner of the Caucasus (1822), Circassians entered the Russian imperial imaginary as exemplary personifications of the savagery and freedom of the Caucasus as a whole (Layton 1994; 1997; Grant 2005; 2007). Accordingly, the Russian imagination of Circassian polity, now as egalitarian “free societies,” now as hierarchical aristocracies, now as “noble savages,” now as ignoble brutes, Muslim “fanatics,” or “Asiatic despots,” was a microcosm of the Russian colonial engagement with the Caucasus as a whole, often as not reflecting tensions in the self-perception of imp
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26

Álvarez Tardío, Manuel. "En la oposición al dogma de la infalibilidad: la propuesta liberal de un católico inglés. Lord Acton y su apelación a la conciencia en la segunda mitad del XIX." Araucaria, no. 51 (2025): 294–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2023.i52.13.

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Este artículo analiza una de las facetas más relevantes del pensamiento político de Lord Acton: la relación entre catolicismo y liberalismo. Se utilizan algunos de sus escritos más significativos de esa temática durante las décadas de 1850 a 1870, complementados con datos procedentes de su correspondencia y teniendo muy presente los principales estudios disponibles sobre su biografía intelectual. Aquí se sostiene que Acton planteó una simbiosis de catolicismo y liberalismo significativamente particular, deudora de la tradición liberal inglesa, pero con un componente de análisis his
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27

Zhu, Xin. "The image of China in Giovanni Botero." Renaissance Studies, November 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rest.12973.

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AbstractChina was a focal point among early modern European intellectuals, with some attempting to reflect on Europe's own problems through the process of understanding this country. Among them was Giovanni Botero, whose view of China has not garnered much attention. This state occupies an irreplaceable position in Botero's works, yet his attitude towards it is nuanced: On the one hand, he praises its large population, prosperous cities, and social stability, considering it the best‐governed country in history; on the other hand, he acknowledges that it is an example of oriental despotism. How
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Przebinda, Grzegorz. "Marian Zdziechowski’s work On Cruelty (1928–1938). Between past and present." Studies in East European Thought, January 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11212-023-09613-2.

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AbstractThe following article begins with my recollection of the only academic conference on Zdziechowski that was organised still under the communist regime in the autumn of 1984 at the Jagiellonian University and ends with a description of the discussion on the genesis and power of evil, with the participation of Czesław Miłosz and Leszek Kołakowski, which was triggered in Poland immediately after the publication of the last edition of On Cruelty in 1993. On Cruelty was first published in 1928 in the journal Przegla̧d Współczesny [Contemporary Review] in Krakow, a second time in 1938 in the
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Решетников, С. В. "Western Peripheries of the Russian Empire in the 18th Century: a View From France and the Historiography of the Issue." Istoricheskii vestnik, no. 49(2024) (June 26, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.35549/hr.2024.2024.49.003.

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В статье рассматривается взгляд на западные окраины Российской империи XVIII в. через призму отношений между Россией и Францией. Победа Российской империи в Северной войне, Второй и Третий раздел Речи Посполитой, предопредели отрицательный образ России в глазах французской общественности и политиков. Теперь в их глазах страна представляла собой одного из конкурентов на европейской арене. Анализ историографии позволяет рассмотреть эволюцию французского взгляда на расширение границ Российской империи в XVIII в. и проследить за изменением отношения к западным окраинам России. Статья призвана внес
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MURPHY, TIM. "Religionswissenschaft as Colonialist Discourse: The Case of Rudolf Otto." Temenos - Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion 43, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.33356/temenos.4604.

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The dominant approach to the study of religion known as the phenomenology of religion's core assumption was that underlying the multiplicity of historical and geographically dispersed religions was an ultimately metaphysical, trans-historical substratum, called 'man', Geist, or 'consciousness'. This transhistorical substratum is an expressive agent with a uniform, essential nature. By reading the data of religion as its 'expressions', it is possible to sympathetically understand their meaning. Geist, or 'man', then, is both a philosophy of history and i hermeneutical theory. It also forms a sy
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Schneewind, Sarah. "Clean Politics: Race and Class, Imperialism and Nationalism, Etiquette and Consumption in the Chinese and American Revolutions." Asia-Pacific Journal 7, no. 45 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1017/s1557466009038625.

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Every generation of historians rediscovers and then forgets the history of Western views of China: the slow process in which the admiration of Marco Polo in the thirteenth century, Jesuit missionaries and other European visitors to China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire turned to contempt as nineteenth-century Europe gained the upper hand in world politics and economy. Many negative perceptions - that China was weak; the government despotic and venal; the people supine, hypocritical, and dirty; and that nothing in China ever would change with
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Melleuish, Greg. "Of 'Rage of Party' and the Coming of Civility." M/C Journal 22, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1492.

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There is a disparity between expectations that the members of a community will work together for the common good — and the stark reality that human beings form into groups, or parties, to engage in conflict with each other. This is particularly the case in so-called popular governments that include some wider political involvement by the people. In ancient Greece stasis, or endemic conflict between the democratic and oligarchic elements of a city was very common. Likewise, the late Roman Republic maintained a division between the populares and the optimates. In both cases there was violence as
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