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Journal articles on the topic 'Detailed Drawings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 July 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lu, Tong, Chiew-Lan Tai, Li Bao, Feng Su, and Shijie Cai. "3D Reconstruction of Detailed Buildings from Architectural Drawings." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 2, no. 1-4 (January 2005): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2005.10738402.

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2

Kim, Inhan, Yongha Lee, Choong-Hee Han, Gutaek Kim, and Jungsik Choi. "Validation of Support for Creation of License Drawings Using Application for openBIM-Based Automatic Generation of 2D Drawings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186470.

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In the preparation of drawings and documents required for a licensing process, the main problem is the duplication of work in creating design drawings and Building Information Modeling (BIM) models. To overcome this problem, BIM authoring tools provide a drawing generation function. However, it is difficult to use it in a construction project involving multiple actors using different authoring tools for each design actor. Owing to these problems, the drawing generation program, which is based the on the industry foundation classes (IFC) concept is not limited to the authoring tools used in the project, and it is intended to minimize duplication by outputting drawings in dwg and pdf formats. In this study, the IFC data structure required for generating drawings was analyzed and drawing elements on the basis of the shape and attribute information, certain drawing elements were output as 3D scenes in order to obtain detailed plan, elevation, cross-section, and structural drawings, which are required for an IFC-based licensing process. In addition, 2D drawings were generated through post-processing for obtaining drawing-level outputs. On the basis of BIM design guidelines, it was found that the information required in license drawings can be minimized, and the license licensing process can be based on a separate BIM technology. In other words, based on the licensing environment in Korea, the effectiveness of the automatic 2D drawing generation program was verified through a comparative analysis on the basis of the drawings and information required by assuming that a specific set of drawing elements were required in the existing licensing process and for BIM-based licensing. Furthermore, it was examined whether books required in the licensing process can be replaced by a parking lot plan that can be submitted through a BIM-technology-based legality review system.

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3

Wilkins, James R. "Zone-Oriented Drawings for Life-Cycle Management." Journal of Ship Production 5, no. 02 (May 1, 1989): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.2.126.

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ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a study conducted to determine whether unit-oriented construction drawings, which are being developed and used by shipbuilders using modern zone-oriented, or modular, construction techniques, will satisfactorily substitute for system-oriented detailed arrangement drawings in the Navy's life-cycle maintenance management process. The study concluded that modular construction drawings will provide the necessary data in a more usable format, and thus are the preferred approach for the Navy's use. However, the study also identified several additionally needed features that are not now being provided in unit-oriented drawings, but which must be included in order to meet the needs of planning and maintenance activities during the operational life of a ship. A number of other observations about drawing use and maintenance are provided.

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Ortenberg, Alexander. "Joy in the Act of Drawing: Maybeck's Palace of Fine Arts." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.38.

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Joy in the Act of Drawing: Maybeck's Palace of Fine Arts focuses on Bernard Maybeck's working drawings for the surviving fragment of the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. Because it was originally designed as a temporary structure, it has been dismissed by some critics as the roughly detailed product of a speedy production process. However, Alexander Ortenberg shows that the working drawings were carefully produced in accordance with the professional standards of American Beaux-Arts architecture. What appear to be crude details were the product of thoughtful study, in which the charcoal of the earlier sketches was translated into the hard ink line of working drawings. Exploiting the liveliness of the drawing medium, Maybeck invented architectural details that preserved the freshness of his initial sketches and helped to define the theatrical character of the building.

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Chang, Zhi Guo. "Research and Development of Post-Process Software System Based on 3D Solid Model for New Type Residence Structure." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6192.

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In the paper, some difficulties and their solutions, about drawings, detailed drawings and CNC data output based on three-dimensional solid model for various forms of rural residence structures, are discussed. The complex spatial relationships and construction details can be shown directly, accurately and completely in drawings software system based on 3D solid model. Therefore, drawings and detailed drawings can be drawn and labeled automatically by projecting and hiding with the extracted geometric information of particular entities. Further more, in the software system, Manufacture information of components and parts in the 3D Solid model can be extracted and CNC data can be outputted with according to the required format, such as: the binary data, Excel tables, and so on.

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Aslesen, Sigmund, and Svein Erik Moen. "Communication in the Manufacturing Industry." International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpmat.2012100102.

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This article is based on a case study of one shipyard’s effort to make the flow of engineering drawings feeding into its production process more reliable. To construct a ship, detailed drawings of every part of the product is an essential input. For these drawings to be reliable, they must include all relevant information, they have to follow each other in a proper line of order, and they should be released according to production milestones. In the shipyard in this study, an analysis was initiated to explore the management of engineering drawing. The main findings show that the usability of ICT is limited for this purpose, and that to really make an effort in order for engineering drawings to be reliable, a more basic understanding of the interpersonal communication at work in a one-off project environment is fundamental.

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7

Tchalenko, John. "Henri Matisse Drawing: An Eye-Hand Interaction Study Based on Archival Film." Leonardo 42, no. 5 (October 2009): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2009.42.5.433.

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Henri Matisse (1869–1954) attached fundamental importance to his drawings, in particular to the famous Themes et Variations series. These were accomplished following a precise method, starting with arduous life studies and evolving into brilliant spontaneous drawings. A 1946 archival documentary film showing the artist drawing four portraits of his grandson Gerard was shot in such a way as to allow the present author to undertake a detailed eye-hand interaction analysis of the drawing process. It was found that Matisse's temporal working rhythm and use of motor memory resulted in a more direct approach than that used by most painters. Taken together with remarks the artist made throughout his lifetime, these results provide a cognitive interpretation of his drawing method.

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8

Gudelj, Jasenka, and Petar Strunje. "Palladio i Dioklecijanova palača: renesansni arhitektonski crteži splitskog sklopa." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.522.

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The article analyses the drawings of Diocletian’s Palace at Split which had belonged to the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and which represent the only surviving Renaissance drawings of the most important late antique architectural structure on the east Adriatic coast. Today, they are housed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in London and in the Devonshire collection, Chatsworth. A detailed analysis of the drawing technique, the paper, the handwriting and the style of the drawings, have confirmed the opinion of the scholars who argued that the ground-plan of the emperor’s mausoleum was drawn by an unknown artistand that Palladio added his sketches at a later point; the drawing of the mausoleum’s portal was also made by the same artist. Both drawings were most probably produced in Vicenza during the last quarter of the sixteenthcentury. The ground-plan of the palace itself was drawn by Palladio on the basis of an earlier source. It is likely that a version of the palace ground-plan whichhad served as a model to Palladio remained at Split and that the drawings published by Daniele Farlati in the eighteenth century relied on it rather than on those produced by Johann Fischer von Erlach, as it was argued until now.

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Gudelj, Jasenka, and Petar Strunje. "Palladio i Dioklecijanova palača: renesansni arhitektonski crteži splitskog sklopa." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.935.

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The article analyses the drawings of Diocletian’s Palace at Split which had belonged to the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and which represent the only surviving Renaissance drawings of the most important late antique architectural structure on the east Adriatic coast. Today, they are housed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in London and in the Devonshire collection, Chatsworth. A detailed analysis of the drawing technique, the paper, the handwriting and the style of the drawings, have confirmed the opinion of the scholars who argued that the ground-plan of the emperor’s mausoleum was drawn by an unknown artist and that Palladio added his sketches at a later point; the drawing of the mausoleum’s portal was also made by the same artist. Both drawings were most probably produced in Vicenza during the last quarter of the sixteenth century. The ground-plan of the palace itself was drawn by Palladio on the basis of an earlier source. It is likely that a version of the palace ground-plan which had served as a model to Palladio remained at Split and that the drawings published by Daniele Farlati in the eighteenth century relied on it rather than on those produced by Johann Fischer von Erlach, as it was argued until now.

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Diercke, Andrea, Rainer Arlt, and Carsten Denker. "Digitization of Spörer's sunspot drawings." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313002214.

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AbstractMuch of our knowledge about the solar dynamo is based on sunspot observations. It is thus desirable to extend the set of positional and morphological data of sunspots into the past. Gustav Spörer observed in Germany from Anklam (1861–1873) and Potsdam (1874–1894). He left detailed prints of sunspot groups, which we digitized and processed to mitigate artifacts left in the print by the passage of time. After careful geometrical correction, the sunspot data are now available as synoptic charts for almost 450 solar rotation periods. Individual sunspot positions can thus be precisely determined and spot areas can be accurately measured using morphological image processing techniques. These methods also allow us to determine tilt angles of active regions (Joy's law) and to assess the complexity of an active region.

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Wango, Kamau. "Drawing with my Students’ – Development of Clothed Life Drawings among University Fine Art Students. Analysis of Selected Drawings by Second Year Students at Kenyatta University." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.3.1.291.

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Students of Fine Art are introduced to drawing in their first year and human figure drawing in their second year. It is presumed that they have already had some element of earlier exposure in other levels of prior studies. The objective of human figure drawing or life drawing is to get the students to a level of applied skill where they can be able to draw and utilize their skill in other aspects of self-expression in other disciplines of Art. This is because life drawing is a fundamental requirement in all disciplines of art from basic sketching to detailed paintings. This paper examines selected work of students to determine the extent to which they are able to achieve this objective within the unit prescribed duration of one semester. The paper also seeks to determine whether the work produced meets the standard of drawing required at this level which then enables the students to subsequently embark on other units of drawing moving forward. This is critical since they are required to apply their life drawing skills in other units as a matter of routine individual expression. In this regard, if they are required to draw or paint an imaginative composition, they would be expected to depict human figures which not only fit within the composition and are well executed but also express the students’ ability to interpret themes and formulate subject matter. For the purpose of these exercises and in order to focus solely on the objectives of human figure composition and detailed development, the students were confined to the use of pencil for the layout, shading and detailing of their work. This is because pencil provides a wide range of manoeuvre for this kind of exercise. In this series of drawings, the students used one particular female model which provided them with the opportunity to visually interact with the individual model and be able to study and observe how the life model adjusts to various poses. This was designed to help draw inspiration as well as make the drawing exercises methodical, enjoyable and purposeful.

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Харах, Matvey Kharakh, Козлова, Irina Kozlova, Славин, Boris Slavin, Славин, R. Slavin, Гусева, and T. Guseva. "Parameterization Theory Elements and Parametric Drawings in "KOMPAS-Graphic"." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25125.

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Some elements of geometric objects’ parameterization theory are considered in this paper. An analysis of this theory development by leading Soviet scientists has been presented. It is known that figure’s parameters are determined by adding shape parameters with location parameters. In the drawing these parameters are expressed as dimensions. Relations between figures are determined or by their mutual affiliation, or by perpendicularity, or by their touch. These ratios allow reduce dimensions number on a drawing. The link of the parameterization theory with creation of parametric drawings has been demonstrated in the considering work. Definitions for such concepts as parameter and parametric drawing have been given. A various geometric figures’ parameters calculation principle has been considered. The order of assignment in parametric form of different geometrical objects (point, straight line), as well as any figure’s position in space has been presented. Assignments of geometrical conditions for membership, parallelism, perpendicularity, contact by parameters have been considered. A detailed description for parametric drawing in "KOMPAS-Graphic" program has been presented. Advantages and features related to carrying out of parametric fragments (with geometric and dimensional dependencies) and drawings in this program for various industries have been laid in detail. Some features and approaches in carrying out parametric drawings and fragments, which worthwhile to apply for different modifications of items when needed to creat group drawings, have been proposed for consideration. Traditional methods for creation of the group drawings using CAD systems effectively increase intellectual work’s performance. The CAD systems capabilities use will enable designers to implement various ways and possibilities comprehensively for creation and presentation of graphic information.

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Chang, Zhi Guo, Hui Zhu Yang, and Qi Lin Zhang. "Drawing and CNC Software System for Light Gage Steel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.511.

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The primary program development principles and techniques of detailed drawings and CNC programming based on three-dimensional solid model for light gage steel structure are discussed. Components of the structure with complex spatial relationships and construction details are shown directly, accurately and completely based on 3D solid model, and structure properties and design requirements are integrated into the intelligent model. Therefore, drawings and detailed drawings can be drawn and labeled automatically by projecting and hiding with the extracted geometric information of particular entities. Further more, an automatic programming method for computerized numerical control is proposed, and CNC program are encoded according to manufacture information of parts in the model.

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Ştefănescu, Mircea. "9. The Importance of the Drawing in the Artistic Creation Process." Review of Artistic Education 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rae-2017-0025.

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Abstract In this academic paper I want to highlight the importance of the drawing and its purpose in the visual artist's creative effort which is in full artistic activity. I will illustrate what I have said previously with the drawings by artists such as Dürer Alfred, Alberto Giacometti, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Andeea Paladio and others artists who have created numerous drawings to study, or as the remarkable artworks. So, during the artistic process the sculptors, the painters or the architects draw to study, to remember or to clarify their own ideas. Many drawings are straightforward, with a single-purpose and spontaneous, but often are an intuitive response to an experience or an idea which must be necessarily put on paper. These studies are often the means by which the artists develop passages which is meant to be incorporated in a detailed and complex art composition.

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MINEMASA, Katsuyoshi, Katsuhiro HATORI, Masashi SAKAMOTO, and Shuzo FURUSAKA. "COLLABORATIVE SHARING AND CORRECTING SYSTEM OF DETAILED DESIGN DATA INCLUDED IN SHOP DRAWINGS." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 504 (1998): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.179_2.

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Buijsen, Edwin. "Roodkrijttekeningen naar schilderijen van Adriaen van de Venne en hun mogelijke functie." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 118, no. 3-4 (2005): 131–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501705x00330.

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AbstractThis article presents for the first time fifteen red chalk drawings by Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne (I589-I662) as a cohesive group (catalogue in appendix i). Not only do they share the same drawing material, but they are also characterized by a careful execution and a high degree of finish. A distinct connection with Adriaen van de Venne's painted œuvre can be established: in no fewer than nine cases (cat. nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, II, I2 and I4) do the representation and measurements of the red chalk drawing correspond with a painting by Van de Venne. Although no paintings could yet be found which correspond with the remaining red chalk drawings it is highly likely that they did exist because the measurements of four of them (cat. nos. I, 2, 3 and I0) are consistent with panel formats frequently used by Van de Venne. Are these red chalk drawings detailed preliminary studies for the paintings, or faithful copies made afterwards? To answer this question four of the paintings which correspond with red chalk drawings were examined with infrared reflectography (IRR) or infrared photography so as to reveal the underdrawing. Three of the examined paintings (cat. no. 4, fig. a; cat. no. 7, fig. a; cat. I2, fig. a) show roughly executed underdrawings with numerous differences from the finished paintings. On the other hand, the corresponding red chalk drawings are highly detailed and identical with the finished paintings, without any visible alterations. Therefore we may conclude that they were not meant as preliminary studies but made subsequently. In the case of the fourth examined painting (cat. 9, fig. a) the situation is more complicated because the underdrawing has a more accurate and definitive character. However, this is exceptional in Van de Venne's œuvre : IRR research into a large number of his paintings has shown that he customarily made a sketchy underdrawing which was elaborated during the painting stage. This makes it all the more likely that in general the detailed red chalk drawings had no part in the genesis of the paintings, but were made subsequently. For reproducing the finished paintings the artist may have used mechanical transfer methods such as pouncing or tracing. Only one of the red chalk drawings (cat. no. I5) can be identified as a design made especially for a print. This small drawing which shows the portrait of Van de Venne himself also occupies a special position within the group because of its subject matter and size. An inscription on the reverse led Martin Royalton-Kisch to suggest that this and all other red chalk drawings were not executed by Adriaen van de Venne but by the engraver Daniel van den Bremden (I586/I587 -in or after I650?), as designs for prints. However, the reliability of the inscription on the reverse of cat. no. I5 is doubtful and because of the representative character of the portrait it seems most likely that Van de Venne himself was the author. While the style of the red chalk drawings differs from most of the drawings which Van de Venne executed in other materials (chiefly pen and ink), as was already noticed by Royalton-Kisch, there is a connection with a large drawing on parchment dated I638 and entitled 'Elk sijn gading' (Something for everyone; fig. I4) which is also carefully executed and displays a high degree of finish. An additional argument to exclude the engraver Van den Bremden as the author of the red chalk drawings is the fact that with the exception of the aforementioned portrait (cat. no. I5) none of them ever appeared in print. If the red chalk drawings after paintings by van de Venne were not meant for prints, what function can they have had? An obvious possibility is that the artist wanted to document his works visually before they left the studio. Other seventeenth-century painters, such as members of the De Braij family, are known to have created similar studio archives. Because Van de Venne's artistic production was characterized by countless repetitions and variants of the same compositions, not only in his paintings but also in his designs for book illustrations, he will certainly have wanted to register successful inventions for the purpose of making repeated use of them. Furthermore, the red chalk drawings may have served other purposes, for example to enable prospective clients to select variants or copies of existing works. Proceeding from a function as a studio archive, there is sufficient reason for localizing the red chalk drawings in Van de Venne's studio. In view of the high quality of their craftsmanship, by far the majority appears to be authentic; in a few cases a pupil may have been recruited for copying one of his master's paintings. That more red chalk drawings must have existed than the fifteen currently known can be deduced from the survey of drawings in this material for which only written sources survive (appendix II). It is to be hoped that the discovery of as yet unknown examples will provide a deeper insight into this aspect of Van de Venne's artistic output.

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KLEIN, RICHARD M. "Pictorial Guide for Rapid Identification of Common Adult Storage Insects." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.2.154.

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To assist analysts with identification of the adult insects most commonly found in foods, detailed drawings of 21 such insects are provided. For each example, accompanying test summarizes the identifying characteristics and gives additional information about its name and habits. Larger scale drawings of adult antennae and mandibles are included with most examples.

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Scheinfeld, Laurel, Jamie Saragossi, and Kathleen Kasten-Mutkus. "A Reconsideration of Library Treatment of Ethically Questionable Medical Texts: The Case of The Pernkopf Atlas of Anatomy." Library Resources & Technical Services 64, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.64n4.165-176.

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The Pernkopf Atlas of Anatomy consists of anatomical drawings created by Austrian physician Eduard Pernkopf, an active member of the Nazi Party during World War II. While the book was known for its highly detailed anatomical drawings, in the 1990s it was determined that Holocaust victims were likely used as subjects for the drawings. Using a survey, the authors aimed to gather information about the presence of this monograph in academic libraries today to provide best practice recommendations for academic libraries in their approach to ethically questionable materials.

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Nuora, Piia, Jouni Välisaari, and Tiina Kiviniemi. "Adolescents' perception of scientific Inquiry in nature: a drawing analysis." Nordic Studies in Science Education 15, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.6439.

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This study was carried out to determine adolescents’ perception of scientific inquiry (SI) in nature and the effect of a science camp on those perceptions. Eleven science campers (14 to 16 years old) participated in this research during a science camp. Pre- and post-test included open questions and drawing tasks. The campers’ drawings were analyzed to assess their out-of-school perceptions related to SI. The aim was to clarify what phases and factors the campers associated with SI in nature, and how their perceptions differ after participating at a science camp. The findings suggest that the phases of SI were well known before the camp, but minor developments in campers’ perceptions of the phases of SI did occur. In the drawing analysis, symbols from a range of areas were identified. The symbols most frequently referred to the natural environment. The drawings in the post-test were generally more detailed than those in the pre-test. In particular, symbols of technology and laboratory equipment appeared more frequently after the science camp.

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Bian, Dongju, Xue Dong, and Yunfei Peng. "Two new species of the genus Dryopomorphus Hinton, 1936 from China (Coleoptera, Elmidae)." ZooKeys 765 (June 6, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.765.24366.

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Two new species of the genusDryopomorphusHinton, 1936 are described from China:Dryopomorphusheinerisp. n.andD.ruiliensissp. n.Habitus photographs and detailed line drawings of the male genitalia are provided.

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TOYOKAWA, Saikaku, and Ken’ichi KAWAGUCHI. "THE STUDY ON DETAILED DESIGN DRAWINGS ABOUT NATIONAL INDOOR GENERAL STADIUM OF KAWAGUCHI LAB. POSSESSION." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 26, no. 62 (February 20, 2020): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.26.371.

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Sokić, Jelena, Dušanka Đurović, and Mikloš Biro. "CHILDREN`S DRAWINGS AS A TRIAGE TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONALITY IN REFUGEE CHILDREN." Primenjena psihologija 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.3.245-262.

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The study sought to examine the possible indirect trauma indica- tors among refugee children’s drawings. We have analyzed draw- ings of refugee children and non-refugee children as controls (5 - 9 years old). The content and Pickard’s expressive strategies for mood depiction were analyzed on 464 drawings. The content analysis revealed different content-specific categories across groups, with the category of Violence/War appearing significantly more in the drawings of the refugee group. and being used as one of the trauma indicators. The analysis revealed that negative mood was depicted by more complex and detailed drawings in both groups. An expressive strategy, namely the literal strategy, appeared to be specific to the refugee group only (e.g., absence of facial characteristics), while different patterns of non-literal ex- pressive strategies were observed in conveying mood between the two groups. Our findings suggest that the drawings can be used as a triage tool to assess the emotional status of refugee children.

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Kolodochka, Leonid A., and Bondarev Vitalyi Yu. "Two new species of the Phytoseiid genus Neoseiulus (Acari: Mesostigmata) from steppe zone of Ukraine." Acarologia 57, no. 4 (September 29, 2017): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20174219.

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Two new species of phytoseiid mites of the genus Neoseiulus (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Steppe zone of Ukraine are described. Detailed descriptions, drawings, measurements, diagnosis of the new species, and the data of mite locations are given.

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Park, Jin-Ho, and Lionel March. "Space architecture: Schindler's 1930 Braxton-Shore project." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503001982.

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Rudolph Michael Schindler (1887–1953) designed a beach house for Henry Braxton and Viola Brothers Shore in 1930. The house was to have been sited on Ocean Front Walk, Venice, Los Angeles [1]. It was never built, but remains a paper project. In the architectural drawings archives at University of California, Santa Barbara, there are both sketch plans and detailed plans for four levels: the ground floor, the main floor, the balcony floor and the roof level. There are drawings for each of the four elevations as well as sections. Constructional details are provided on five sheets. All told there are 13 extant drawings. In his signature upper case, Schindler typed a brief written description of the house [Table 1].

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Pevtsov, Alexei A., Kseniya A. Tlatova, Alexander A. Pevtsov, Elina Heikkinen, Ilpo Virtanen, Nina V. Karachik, Luca Bertello, Andrey G. Tlatov, Roger Ulrich, and Kalevi Mursula. "Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 628 (August 2019): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834985.

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Context. Systematic observations of magnetic field strength and polarity in sunspots began at Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO), USA in early 1917. Except for a few brief interruptions, this historical dataset has continued until the present. Aims. Sunspot field strength and polarity observations are critical in our project of reconstructing the solar magnetic field over the last hundred years. We provide a detailed description of the newly digitized dataset of drawings of sunspot magnetic field observations. Methods. The digitization of MWO drawings is based on a software package that we developed. It includes a semiautomatic selection of solar limbs and other features of the drawing, and a manual entry of the time of observations, measured field strength, and other notes handwritten on each drawing. The data are preserved in an MySQL database. Results. We provide a brief history of the project and describe the results from digitizing this historical dataset. We also provide a summary of the final dataset and describe its known limitations. Finally, we compare the sunspot magnetic field measurements with those from other instruments, and demonstrate that, if needed, the dataset could be continued using modern observations such as, for example, the Vector Stokes Magnetograph on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun platform.

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WU, LEI, JIN-LONG LUO, HUAI-ZHEN TIAN, and XUN-LIN YU. "Platanthera australis, a new species of Orchidaceae from southern China." Phytotaxa 308, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.1.13.

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A new orchid species Platanthera australis is described and illustrated from Hunan Province in southern China. A detailed description, line drawings, colour photographs and a distribution map are provided, together with notes on conservation status and comparisons with allied species.

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Bansal, V. K., and Mahesh Pal. "Quantity Takeoffs and Detailed Buildings Cost Estimation Using Geographic Information Systems." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2013070105.

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This paper presents a Geographic Information System (GIS) based cost estimation methodology, which may be helpful in increasing the productivity of quantity estimator by reducing the manual work in quantity takeoffs. Proposed methodology also eliminates missing or duplication of various items of work by visualizing each components corresponding to the items in three dimension (3D). Several scripts developed within ArcView, a desktop GIS based mapping system, have been used to extract the necessary dimensions from the design drawings (prepared in GIS environment) and to perform various calculations of quantity takeoffs. Accurate Bill of Quantities (BOQ) may be generated on the basis of dimensions of various data themes. Methodology has been designed to store construction resource data (materials, workers, and equipments) in tabular form within the GIS environment. Separate tables have been used for each project to generate BOQ, Bill of Materials (BOM), and labor requirements.

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Yathon, Jeff, Perry Adebar, and Kenneth J. Elwood. "A Detailed Inventory of Non-Ductile Concrete Shear Wall Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 2 (May 2017): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/042216eqs065m.

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A detailed inventory of about 350 concrete shear wall buildings in western Canada with 7 or more stories and built prior to 1980 was created. About one hour was spent collecting information from drawings for each building so wall capacities could be estimated and simplified linear dynamic analysis could be used to estimate seismic demands on the building. Non-ductile behavior is expected in many of the buildings because of insufficient and/or poor arrangement of shear walls to adequately control building drifts, thin walls that are poorly detailed, and discontinuities in the shear walls. The analysis indicated that the drift demands on the buildings for the 2% in 50-year hazard level were not particularly large, however the flexural capacities of the walls are low considering their limited ductility. The shear capacities of the walls were typically less critical. The current study demonstrates that a detailed inventory can be used to distinguish between the performance of similar buildings, which can be used to refine a regional risk assessment or inform policy decisions for the group of buildings.

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Emmanouel, N. G., C. D. Pelekassis, and L. A. Santas. "Harmful mesostigmatic mites ectoparasitic to honey bees." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 1 (May 25, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13889.

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Mites of the order Mesostigmata are among the frequent and dominant components of the beehive acarofauna. Several of them belonging to the families: Varroidae. Laelapidae and Ameroseiidae are important parasites or capably harmful species to the honey bee. Among them, V. jacobsoni and Neocypholaelaps favus are widespread in Greece, while the existence of a third species Mellitiphis alvearius is quite probable. A brief treatise of the harmful mesostigmatic mites found in the beehives all over the world is given. Detailed drawings of all stages of V. jacobsoni are given, of which drawings the immature stages appear for the first time.

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Babayov, Dana, Haim Omer, and Jacob Menczel. "Sensorimotor Integration Therapy for Hip Fracture and CVA Patients." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 52, no. 3 (June 1985): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841748505200307.

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A rehabilitation program, having as its central component a sensorimotor integration procedure, was applied to 36 geriatric patients after hip fracture or CVA. The sensorimotor integration was gradually carried out in a developmental sequence from a lying down position to a fully erect position. Results were preliminarily evaluated by pre- and post- treatment figure drawings, and by ADL ratings. Significant changes were obtained in both measures. Qualitative changes in figure drawings point to specific effects of the sensorimotor integration therapy. A detailed theoretical rationale is provided for the implementation of SI therapy with patients suffering from CVA or hip fracture.

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Picchietti, Daniel L., Robert A. Arbuckle, Linda Abetz, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Anna Ivanenko, Judith A. Owens, Jens Croenlein, Richard P. Allen, and Arthur S. Walters. "Pediatric Restless Legs Syndrome." Journal of Child Neurology 26, no. 11 (June 2, 2011): 1365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073811405852.

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The specific aims of this study were to collect and analyze detailed symptom descriptions from patients with pediatric restless legs syndrome, ages 6 to 17 years, as well as assess symptom impact and the usefulness of drawings. Trained qualitative interviewers conducted face-to-face audio-recorded interviews of children and adolescents who met criteria for definite restless legs syndrome. Thirty-three patients in 3 age groups used 16 different categories of descriptors for restless legs sensations, with a mean of 3 or more categories used per patient in each age group. “Need to move/kick,” “pain/hurts,” “uncomfortable/cannot get comfortable,” and “like bugs or ants/crawling” were the most common descriptors. Two-thirds reported daytime sensations, and nearly half had arm involvement. They described impact on sleep, cognitive function, and affect. Drawings provided useful diagnostic information. These detailed empirical data will be useful in clinical practice, as well as in the development of formal diagnostic tools and severity measures.

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32

Lin, Che-Wei, Chien-Fan Chen, and T. Y. ALECK Yang. "Two new taxa of Melastomataceae Trib. Sonerileae: Phyllagathis rajah and Sonerila metallica from Batang Ai, Sarawak, Borneo." Phytotaxa 201, no. 2 (February 27, 2015): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.2.

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Recent exploration and field collections in Batang Ai, southwest Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia, has resulted in the discovery of two new taxa, Phyllagathis rajah and Sonerila metallica (Melastomataceae). Taxonomic descriptions, detailed photographs, line drawings and a comparison table are provided to distinguish them from morphologically similar species.

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Das, Biman, and Navin Tejpal. "Major Factors Affecting Tugboat Ship Design and Construction." Journal of Ship Production 24, no. 04 (November 1, 2008): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2008.24.4.214.

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Tugboat shipbuilding activities and costs were studied with a view to deal with the ship design and development problems and to suggest possible solutions. The lack of communication among shipyard design engineers, vendors, regulatory authority personnel, and shipyard construction department managers at the start of the preliminary and detail drawings gave rise to errors in material specifications in design drawings. This caused the shipyard a significant amount of rework on drawings, resulting in wasted labor costs and lengthening of the shipbuilding cycle time. The timely and correct vendor-furnished information (VFI) on material specification, while preparing the preliminary and detailed drawings, would permit the elimination/ reduction of errors and changes made in the drawings. A medium-sized tugboat ship costs about $14 million, comprising about $5 million labor cost and about $9 million of construction material cost. The completion time for this kind of vessel ranges from 28 to 38 months. It would be possible to reduce the labor and material costs and completion time substantially with adequate and timely information of material re- quirements from the vendor through VFI. Management tools and techniques, such as concurrent engineering, computer simulation, and program evaluation review technique (PERT) could be applied advantageously to improve tugboat shipbuilding de- sign and development productivity.

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Divitiis, Bianca De. "New Drawings for the interiors of the Breakfast Room and Library at Pitzhanger Manor." Architectural History 48 (2005): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00003762.

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Soane began to pay detailed attention to the design of the interiors of Pitzhanger Manor, the country house in Ealing that Soane built for himself and his family, in the second half of 1801 when building work on the house was already well advanced.1 While the design for the vestibule, down to the smallest detail, was quickly completed, work on the Breakfast Room and the Library proved more difficult and was more protracted.2

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35

BIAN, DONGJU, and MANFRED A. JÄCH. "Revision of the Chinese species of the genus Grouvellinus Champion, 1923 (Coleoptera: Elmidae). The G. acutus species group." Zootaxa 4387, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.8.

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The Grouvellinus acutus species group is established. In China, it includes three species, Grouvellinus acutus sp. nov. (Fujian, Guangxi), G. denticulatus sp. nov. (Yunnan), and G. fujianensis sp. nov. (Fujian, Guangxi), which are described herein. A possible case of hybridization is reported. Habitus photographs and detailed line drawings of the genitalia are provided.

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36

Peng, Ching-I., Hsun-An Yang, Yoshiko Kono, Ming-Jer Jung, and Tien Hiep Nguyen. "Four new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Vietnam: B. abbreviata, B. calciphila, B. sphenantheroides and B. tamdaoensis." Phytotaxa 222, no. 2 (August 14, 2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.2.1.

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Four new species of Begonia, namely B. abbreviata C.-I Peng, B. calciphila C.-I Peng, B. sphenantheroides C.-I Peng and B. tamdaoensis C.-I Peng are documented from northern Vietnam. Detailed descriptions, line drawings, color plates, chromosome data, foliar SEM observations and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided to aid in identification.

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37

Johnson, A. R. "Integrated CADCAM and Automotive Die and Mould Manufacture." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, no. 2 (April 1989): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_159_02.

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Many automotive components are produced in very large quantities using manufacturing processes such as casting, moulding and forging. These processes require tooling which usually has geometrical complexities such as doubly curved surfaces, fillet curves, split lines and draft angles. Traditionally the component design is conveyed to the toolmaker for manufacture of the tooling, using conventional engineering drawings. The paper shows how tooling and component problems can arise due to the inability of conventional two-dimensional engineering drawings to unambiguously define complex three-dimensional shapes. Modern fully integrated computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CADCAM) systems may be used to overcome these problems. This is achieved by producing numerically controlled machining information to manufacture the tooling directly from the computer generated component design, thus eliminating the ambiguities associated with conventional engineering drawings. The use of a fully integrated CADCAM system for the design and manufacture of automotive components and tooling is described, and the technical and economic advantages gained from its use are detailed.

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IRFAN, MUHAMMAD, and XIANJIN PENG. "Herbiphantes Tanasevitch, 1992 and Labullinyphia van Helsdingen, 1985 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), two newly recorded spider genera from the Gaoligong Mountains in China with the description of two new species." Zootaxa 4638, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.4.5.

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Herbiphantes Tanasevitch, 1992 and Labullinyphia van Helsdingen, 1985 are two genera for the first time in China. Two new species, Herbiphantes acutalis n. sp. (male, female) and Labullinyphia furcata n. sp. (male, female), are described from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan. Detailed morphological description of both new species, habitus photos, copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs, as well as the locality map are provided.

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YAO, NA, MUHAMMAD IRFAN, and XIANJIN PENG. "Five new species of Otacilia Thorell, 1897 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from the Wuling Mountain Range, China." Zootaxa 4613, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.2.4.

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Five new species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 from the Wuling Mountain Range in China are described here based on male and female specimens: O. acerosa sp. nov., O. lata sp. nov., O. palmata sp. nov., O. rulinensis sp. nov. and O. xingdoushanensis sp. nov.. Detailed morphological descriptions, photographs of the habitus and genital organs, line drawings, and locality maps are provided.

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YAN, JUN-QING, and TOLGOR BAU. "New and newly recorded species of Psathyrella (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China." Phytotaxa 321, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.1.7.

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Four species of Psathyrella—P. subspadiceogrisea sp. nov., P. boreifasciculata, P. gordonii, P. senex were discovered in northeast China. P. subspadiceogrisea is described as new from Changbai Mountain; the other three species are recorded in China for the first time. The specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of ITS sequences. Detailed morphological descriptions, line drawings and photographs are presented.

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41

Mirek, Zbigniew, and Tomasz Załuski. "Glyceria declinata Bréb. (Gramineae) in Poland. distribution and habitats." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 3 (2014): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.042.

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Distribution, habitats and phytocenoses of <em>Glyceria declinata</em> Bréb. in Poland are presented, basing on the herbarium material, field study and literature. A key to species of <em>GIyceria</em> R. Brown section <em>Glyceria</em> is provided, along with detailed description and drawings of <em>G. declinata</em> Bréb.

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ULLAH, ZIA, RUBAB KHURSHED, MUHAMMAD BINYAMIN KHAN, ISRAR AHMAD, SANA JABEEN, MUHAMMAD FAISAL, HABIB AHMAD, MUHAMMAD FIAZ, and ABDUL NASIR KHALID. "Melanoleuca kashmirensis sp. nov. in subg. Urticocystis from Pakistan." Phytotaxa 434, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.1.6.

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During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilocystidia is proposed. The identification is based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. A comparison of the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic data with the taxa of subg. Urticocystis confirms the identity of the species as a new taxon. The detailed descriptions, line drawings and phylogenetic results are given.

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Hosagoudar, V. B., and Jacob Thomas. "Interesting foliicolous fungi from Southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i1.106.

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An account of five foliicolous fungal taxa are dealt herein. Of these, Asterina glycosmidigena, A. gymnemae, Irenopsis pavoniae, Phyllachora gymnemae infected the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla, Gymnema sysvestre and Pavonia sp., respectively, are described as new species while, Meliola pseudarthriae var. indica is described as a new variety on Pseudarthria viscida. The detailed description of these taxa is supplemented with line drawings and photo plate.

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SONG, BIN, TING LI, TAIHUI LI, QIUJU HUANG, and WANGQIU DENG. "Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus (Phallaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species with a dark spinose volva from southern China." Phytotaxa 334, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.3.

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Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus is described as a new species from southern China, mainly characterized by its dark brown volva with white spines. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) confirm its species status within Phallaceae. Detailed morphological description, colour photographs, line drawings of the new species and comparisons with similar taxa are presented.

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Avidan, Galia, Uri Hasson, Rafael Malach, and Marlene Behrmann. "Detailed Exploration of Face-related Processing in Congenital Prosopagnosia: 2. Functional Neuroimaging Findings." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 7 (July 2005): 1150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929054475145.

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Specific regions of the human occipito-temporal cortex are consistently activated in functional imaging studies of face processing. To understand the contribution of these regions to face processing, we examined the pattern of fMRI activation in four congenital prosopagnosic (CP) individuals who are markedly impaired at face processing despite normal vision and intelligence, and with no evidence of brain damage. These individuals evinced a normal pattern of fMRI activation in the fusiform gyrus (FFA) and in other ventral occipito-temporal areas, in response to faces, buildings, and other objects, shown both as line drawings in detection and discrimination tasks and under more naturalistic testing conditions when no task was required. CP individuals also showed normal adaptation levels in a block-design adaptation experiment and, like control subjects, exhibited evidence of global face representation in the FFA. The absence of a BOLD-behavioral correlation (profound behavioral deficit, normal face-related activation in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex) challenges existing accounts of face representation, and suggests that activation in these cortical regions per se is not sufficient to ensure intact face processing.

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46

TEMNIKOVA, Elena A. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERIOR DESIGN PROJECT WITHIN THE DISCIPLINE OF “INTERIOR DESIGN”." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.14.

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Development of discipline Design of interior is a key aspect of learning interior design students and forms the fundamental theoretical knowledge about basic laws and characteristics of the project activities of the interior designer of the practical skills needed for the presentation and implementation of project ideas. The main stages of the project are considered such as: drawing up terms of reference, the composition of the customers portrait, holding of measurements, perform preliminary design, with the possible variability of the images, the performance of working drawings, possession handmade graphics and computer modeling. On the basis of the given information the following conclusion is made:in the process of learning the design of interiors for various purposes should be considered primarily psycho-emotional aspects of the proposed project in the perception of subjects, the quality of the analytical immersion and detailed baseline data collection.

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47

Wang, Jun, Ji-Dong Ya, Cheng Liu, Guang Liu, Feng Cao, Jin-Shuang Ma, and Xin-Xin Zhu. "Taxonomic studies on the genus Isotrema (Aristolochiaceae) from China: II. I. brevilimbum (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China." PhytoKeys 152 (July 3, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.152.51760.

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A new species of Isotrema was recently discovered from Guizhou, China and is here named as I. brevilimbum. It is most similar to I. ovatifolium and I. wardianum, but differs in the morphology of leaves and flowers. A detailed description for the new species, along with line drawings, photographs, as well as morphological comparisons with similar species, are provided. In addition, the distribution of I. wardianum in China is here confirmed.

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Yan, Jun-Qing, and Tolgor Bau. "The Northeast Chinese species of Psathyrella (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae)." MycoKeys 33 (April 13, 2018): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.33.24704.

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Twenty seven species of Psathyrella have been found in Northeast China. Amongst them, P.conica, P.jilinensis, P.mycenoides and P.subsingeri are described as new species, based on studying morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Detailed morphological descriptions, line drawings and photographs of the new species are presented. Phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and an identification key to the 27 Psathyrella species occuring in Northeast China are provided.

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49

ČIAMPOR JR., FEDOR, and ZUZANA ČIAMPOROVÁ-ZAŸOVIČOVÁ. "A new species of Hedyselmis Hinton and notes on the phylogeny of the genus (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." Zootaxa 1781, no. 1 (June 3, 2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1781.1.5.

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A new species, Hedyselmis belatani sp. nov., is described from West Malaysia, based on morphological characters. The description includes detailed drawings of the most important structures. Four fragments of DNA, three mitochondrial (cox1, cob, rrnL) and one nuclear (SSU), were sequenced and compared with H. opis Hinton and other elmid species. The taxonomic position of H. belatani sp. nov., its distribution and the phylogeny of the genus are discussed.

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50

MA, JINSHUANG, WEI CAO, QUANRU LIU, MING YU, and LIJUAN HAN. "A REVISION OF PHELLODENDRON (RUTACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 63, no. 2-3 (July 2006): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606000515.

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The genus Phellodendron (Rutaceae) is revised. This work is based on herbarium collections and field observations in eastern Asia. Two species are recognized: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid. All other specific and infraspecific names published in the genus are reduced to synonymy or excluded from the genus. Detailed morphology, character variability, an identification key, a distribution map, line drawings, and taxonomic treatments and lists of specimens examined are provided.

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