Journal articles: 'Detailed instructions'

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Lampinen, James Michael, Brittany Race, Alexander P. Wolf, Paulie Phillips, Nathalie Moriarty, and Andrew M. Smith. "Comparing detailed and less detailed pre‐lineup instructions." Applied Cognitive Psychology 34, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.3627.

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Selim, M. A. "Effect of pre-instruction on anxiety levels of patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging examination." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2001): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.3.519.

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Thistudy investigated differences in anxiety level of patients who received instruction prior to magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compared to a control group that did not. Thus, 60 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the study group received instructions designed by the researcher plus the routine hospital instructions, while the control group received the routine hospital instructions only. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to both groups before and after MRI examination. Patients who received the designed instructions reported significantly lower levels of anxiety than the controls. The findings also indicated that 60% of the total sample used prayer to reduce anxiety. The study emphasizes the need for detailed information about the procedure and training in relaxation techniques.

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Ogawa, Takao. "Detailed Instructions on How to Operate Activated Sludge Treatment." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 65, no. 12 (2011): 1266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.65.1266.

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Yu, Anhuai. "Prepare Manuscript for Songings." Songings 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24015/ebc.songings.2021.0012.

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Authors of all types of articles should follow the general instructions give below. Please see Songings Manuscript Types and Instructions for word counts and detailed instructions. The following general instructions are in accordance with the Songings Editorial Policies and Evidence Based Communications (EBC) Publishing and Editorial Policies.

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Kobayashi, Susumu. "Effects of Priority Instructions on Processing of More Detailed Picture Items." Perceptual and Motor Skills 61, no. 3 (December 1985): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.61.3.835.

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Kucharski, Adam. "Instrukcje rodzicielskie Wacława Rzewuskiego dla syna Seweryna oraz córek Teresy i Ludwiki z lat 1754 i 1763/64." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 36 (October 15, 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2017.36.7.

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Parental instructions of Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and daughters from the years 1754 and 1763/64 The education of younger generations had long and rich traditions in the old Polish aristocratic Rzewuski family. The domestic and foreign education of sons in particular played a major role in building the power and social position of the family. The main purpose of this article is to present hitherto unknown sources on the history of the education of members of this family. Between 1754 and 1763 (or 1764) four instructions have survived, written by Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and two daughters: Teresa Karolina and Ludwika Maria Róża. The first instruction for Seweryn Rzewuski comes from the period of his studies in Warsaw (1754), when the young magnate attended the college of Theatines. In this piece of writing, the father gives detailed instructions on the civic education for his son. This instruction contains advice on how to behave properly during social gatherings and religious ceremonies. It also refers to the rules of the moral education of the young boy. The second instruction for Seweryn contains advice on the protection of the family residences in Podhorce and Olesko and was associated with the political situation in which Waclaw Rzewuski and his sons lived in the years from 1763-1764. However, the two instructions for his daughters are a real rarity. Wacław Rzewuski paid great attention to their security and safety and very good presence. One of the instructions was devoted to the conditions and circumstances for short journeys by the daughters to a nearby church or monastery. In particular, it concerns the staff of the daughters’ traveller suite. Another talks about being cautious with fire during their stay in the palace in Podhorce. Both instructions are unique documents of the realities of daily life and domestic trips by young women from the aristocratic sphere, and a father’s expectations with regard to their proper behaviour and maintaining good manners.

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Uddin, Irfan. "One-IPC high-level simulation of microthreaded many-core architectures." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 31, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342015584495.

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The microthreaded many-core architecture is comprised of multiple clusters of fine-grained multi-threaded cores. The management of concurrency is supported in the instruction set architecture of the cores and the computational work in application is asynchronously delegated to different clusters of cores, where the cluster is allocated dynamically. Computer architects are always interested in analyzing the complex interaction amongst the dynamically allocated resources. Generally a detailed simulation with a cycle-accurate simulation of the execution time is used. However, the cycle-accurate simulator for the microthreaded architecture executes at the rate of 100,000 instructions per second, divided over the number of simulated cores. This means that the evaluation of a complex application executing on a contemporary multi-core machine can be very slow. To perform efficient design space exploration we present a co-simulation environment, where the detailed execution of instructions in the pipeline of microthreaded cores and the interactions amongst the hardware components are abstracted. We present the evaluation of the high-level simulation framework against the cycle-accurate simulation framework. The results show that the high-level simulator is faster and less complicated than the cycle-accurate simulator but with the cost of losing accuracy.

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Bhat, Anup, Akash Shah, and Swathi G. Sherighar. "Instructions to Prospective Authors by Indian Biomedical Journals: An Opportunity to Promote Responsible Conduct of Research." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 12, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264617698277.

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Journals provide instructions to prospective authors to facilitate the process of manuscript publication. The information provided under such instructions could be a potential opportunity to promote responsible conduct of research (RCR). We analyzed 74 Indian biomedical journals for the type of information provided in the “instructions to authors” section and adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations. Among the 71 journals that had an “instructions to authors” section, 53 journals adhered to ICMJE recommendations. We discuss sections of the ICMJE recommendations detailed by Indian biomedical journals under the “instructions to authors” section and emphasize components that require greater exposure.

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Molchanova, Irma I., and Nadezhda V. Sokolova. "Features of translation of medical instructions from English and French languages into Russian (Pharmacological discourse)." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 26 (February 21, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.26.02.5.

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The purpose of the study is to reveal difficulties in translating instructions on the usage of medicines from English and French into Russian. Translation of medical instructions is a private form of medical translation that is in high demand. Each medicine should have a detailed description in Russian. With this document, a manufacturer guarantees to patient that subject to the prescribed standards, medicine will provide a certain effect that it is safe for life and health. The instruction is a kind of memo for a patient and a guarantee of the correctness of taking medicine. The authors of the article examined instructions for the use of medicines as genres of pharmaceutical discourse, highlighted the features of pharmaceutical terminology, examined ways to translate scientific terminology and vocabulary, analyzed translation techniques for transmitting vocabulary instructions for the use of medicines (translation of the instructions for the medicine «Sedalgin-Neo» from English into Russian, as well as instructions for the «Betaserk» medicine from French into Russian), errors were identified in their translation. The following research methods were used in the work: comparative typological method, empirical method, observation method, analysis and synthesis, a descriptive method, a method of comparative analysis of the original and translation, and generalisation of the obtained results. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the synthesis of theoretical material on the problem of translation of instructions for the use of medicines. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used in the practical activities of translators of specialized literature and in the development of special translation courses of scientific literature from French and English into Russian. In addition, the results of this study can be used in the development of educational materials for students of medical specialties, the organization of advanced training and the exchange of teaching experience.

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Hamilton, Scott B., and Thomas A. Knox. "The Colossal Neuron: Acting Out Physiological Psychology." Teaching of Psychology 12, no. 3 (October 1985): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1203_10.

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Increasing enrollments in such survey courses as Introductory Psychology create special problems for the instructor interested in alternatives to traditional lecture methods. Although in-class demonstrations have been used to maintain student interest and increase the retention of information in large classroom environments, physiological psychology has been largely overlooked in terms of instructional innovation. This article provides detailed instructions concerning how to teach neuron anatomy and physiology via a /2-hour dramatic presentation involving 30 student volunteers. Data are presented to support the perceived educational and entertainment value of this active teaching method.

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Li, Yaxin, Wei Jin, Han Xu, and Jiliang Tang. "DeepRobust: a Platform for Adversarial Attacks and Defenses." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 18 (May 18, 2021): 16078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.18017.

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DeepRobust is a PyTorch platform for generating adversarial examples and building robust machine learning models for different data domains. Users can easily evaluate the attack performance against different defense methods with DeepRobust and get performance analyzing visualization. In this paper, we introduce the functions of DeepRobust with detailed instructions. We believe that DeepRobust is a useful tool to measure deep learning model robustness and to find the suitable countermeasures against adversarial attacks. The platform is kept updated and can be found at https://github.com/DSE-MSU/DeepRobust. More details of instruction can be found in the documentation at https://deeprobust.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

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Meisters, Julia, Adrian Hoffmann, and Jochen Musch. "Can detailed instructions and comprehension checks increase the validity of crosswise model estimates?" PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): e0235403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235403.

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Sorensen, David N., and Pamela Ann Parker. "The Voiced/Voiceless Phonation Time in Children With and Without Laryngeal Pathology." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 23, no. 2 (April 1992): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2302.163.

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Eleven children with vocal pathology were matched to 11 normal speaking children. All subjects produced maximum duration of phonation for /s/and /z/from detailed instructions and clinician models. The s/z ratio also was calculated. Results showed no difference in /s/durations between groups, but /z/durations and s/z ratios were significantly different. The /z/durations and s/z ratio results differ from those of previous research. Possible reasons for these differences are task construction and instructional variables. Results are discussed in relationship to these variables, as well as in relationship to reduced glottal efficiency.

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Petrov, Aleksandr Yu, and Alexey N. Ermolaev. "New View of Peter the Great’s Instructions to Vitus Bering in 1725 in the Context of Struggle for Colonies in the North Pacific." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-363-375.

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The study is devoted to the detailed analysis of Peter the Great’s handwritten instruction to the head of the First Kamchatka Expedition Vitus Bering dated January 6, 1725. Despite its wide popularity, this document is still understudied and interpreted by Russian and foreign historians in different ways. The reason is that the instruction seems hard to understand; it contains inconsistencies and incomprehensible points. For the purpose of a comprehensive and maximally objective analysis, the authors conducted a historiographic study, identified the main points of view of historians and characterized them. Afterwards, a textual analysis was carried out. In order to make the most objective assessment of the instructions, the interpretations of this document were determined by the participants in the events (Vitus Bering, Alexei Chirikov, Martin Shpanberg, the Admiralty Board and the Senate). It was concluded that the instruction of Peter I was a real program of Russia's actions in the Arctic and Pacific oceans, aimed at decades ahead. It gave a powerful impetus to the study of the country's Far Eastern borders, contributed to the strengthening of Russia's influence in this region, led to the discovery of America from Asia, and the emergence of Russian colonies in the New World. The instructions also included the idea of opening navigation along the northern sea route and the development of sea trade. During the period of its maximum power, which Russia reached in the first quarter of the 19th century, the empire's possessions extended over the entire northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Russia claimed a part of California and the Hawaiian Islands, tried to open sea trade with China and Japan. All these successes were achieved thanks to the vector of movement that the instructions of Peter I set to the country.

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Wei, Zhen Fang, Jian Min Pang, Yi Chi Zhang, and Zheng Shan. "An Instruction Decoder for x86_64 Based on Specification Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.663.

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With the development of computer architecture, new architecture cannot use the executable files on the old architecture and other architectures. In order to translate the x86_64 binary executable files to other architectures, we decode the binary files by a decoder generated by the New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit through writing a specification of the x86_64 instructions. This paper give a brief introduce about the Specification Language for Encoding and Decoding and the x86_64 instructions characteristics, then make a detailed description on the specifications of the x86_64 instructions, and the result of the test proved that the decoder is correct and has high speed.

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Jasnosik, Elżbieta. "Prophylaxis of suicidal behavior in conditions of penitentiary isolation from the perspective of Transactional Analysis." Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna 9 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/eat.2020.09.02.

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Suicidal behaviors in society, regardless of their final result, are an important topic that requires many preventive actions. In specific conditions, such as the conditions of imprisonment, it is even more important to prevent and counteract the negative effects of isolation which may increase an already high risk of suicide. In penitentiary establishments, suicidal prevention is carried out on the basis of detailed instructions on the prevention of suicide of imprisoned persons. The article discusses individual provisions of the aforementioned instruction and the manner of their implementation. It is also an attempt to present the actions taken and their effects with the use of Transactional Analysis terminology.

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Simone, Monica. "A situated analysis of instructions in paraclimbing training with visually impaired athletes." SHS Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185203001.

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Indoor sport climbing performed by athletes with visual impairment is realized by trainer and climber working as a couple and is routinely based on instructions. It can be considered a perspicuous setting (Garfinkel, 2002) for investigating how sighted and visually impaired participants coordinate their perception and actions in the material environment while accomplishing mobile tasks. Drawing on previous ethnomethodological and CA studies on instructions in mobile activities, the analysis of an excerpt of a guided climbing session provides the ground for a detailed description of some features of instructions that are specific to this context. The analysis aims at showing that the trainer’s instructions are not only timely adjusted to the course of action, but, importantly, that they also display the trainer’s orientation to the climber’s sensory impairment.

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Abulhassan, Yousif, Dania Bani Hani, and Gerard A. Davis. "Effectiveness of Pictogram Instructions for Donning Smoke Hoods." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621340.

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Smoke hoods or respiratory protective emergency devices (RPEDs) are marketed to assist in evacuation from fire emergencies. Many smoke hood manufacturers often rely on pictograms to instruct proper donning procedures to smoke hood users. Comprehending the instructions delivered through pictograms plays an important role in properly donning a smoke hood, and avoiding further injuries or complications from improper usage of the smoke hood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pictogram instructions used by three types of smoke hoods for donning a smoke hood. Results of this study indicate that the type of pictogram instructions have a significant effect on the ability of a user to properly don a smoke hood. While detailed pictogram instructions help users properly don smoke hoods, they also have an impact on the time required to don a smoke hood.

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Corcoran, Christopher, Jan Stupacher, and Peter Vuust. "Swinging the Score? Swing Phrasing Cannot Be Communicated via Explicit Notation Instructions Alone." Music Perception 39, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 386–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2022.39.4.386.

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Jazz musicians usually learn to play with “swing” phrasing by playing by ear. Classical musicians—who play more from musical scores than by ear—are reported to struggle with producing swing. We explored whether classical musicians play with more swing when performing from more detailed swing notation. Thereby we investigated whether a culturally specific improvisational social procedure can be scripted in detailed music notation for musicians from a different performance background. Twenty classical musicians sight-read jazz tunes from three styles of notation, each with a different level of notational complexity. Experienced jazz listeners evaluated the performances. Results showed that more score-independent classical musicians with strong aural abilities played with equally strong swing regardless of notation; more score-dependent musicians swung most with the medium-complexity classical notation. The data suggest that some higher-level swing features, such as appropriate articulation, event durations, and deviations from a beat sequence can be communicated to a limited extent using written instructions. However, their successful implementation in performance depends on matching instructional complexity to a musician’s skill at decoding and interpreting unfamiliar information. This link between decoding skills and cross-cultural performance makes our findings relevant to ethnological and musicological studies of musical communication processes and perception-action coupling.

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Kovalenko, V. V. "MEANS OF RATIONALIZATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE DUODENUM." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2016-13-2-22.

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The article gives the detailed description of some means of optimization of well-known morphological methods of the study of the duodenum with the use of computer technologies as well as detailed instructions on their realization. It notes the advantages of the developed means before the existing traditional morphological procedures and points out the prospects of their application during the study of not only the duodenum, but also other anatomical formations.

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Benninghoff, Mark J., Peter Isfort, and Martin Baumann. "How to Support Students in Maximizing their Outcome with Online Cooperation?" Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2066.

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Abstract During the last year, student cooperation has shifted to the digital space. Chats, videoconferencing and online collaboration tools replace physical meetings and face-to-face interactions. While many online tools provide sophisticated technologies to share screens and co-edit manuscripts, the support of collaborative thinking, learning and even fooling around is still underdeveloped, but remains a valuable resource. This study traces whether the given level of instruction details influences the collaboration effectiveness among student working groups in a practical course in Biomedical Engineering. Within the semester’s practical course of Introduction into Medicine, participating students were divided into three groups (A, B and C) of each 4 to 6 students and had to collaborate on a clinical case. Groups A received detailed information and rules on online collaboration, B less detailed information and C only basic technical information. Each group was asked to fulfil an additional pre- and post-task before and after the semester’s practical course. These tasks consisted of solving combinatory puzzles based on isolated information bits and hints that were distributed among the group members. The groups differed only in the instructions they received to fulfil the task. During their work phases, all groups were observed. The study was conducted twice with different student cohorts. School grades were assigned representing 1 for the best up to 6 for the worst performance. The following averaged results were found: Groups B received the best grades (average 1,5 for winter term and average 1,6 for summer term). Second best performance was shown by the groups A (average 2,14 for winter term and average 1,75 for summer term) and finally groups C performed worst (average 2.10 for winter term and average 1,85 for summer term). In the taken times to solve the puzzle tasks, groups B showed up to be best in the summer term and groups A in the winter term. In all categories, groups C delivered the worst grades in average. The results of this study support that it is most reasonable to aid student online collaboration by providing detailed instructions or at least a few hints and instruct them to create their own rules for online collaboration. The results further support that the cooperation gets worse without suggesting any rules or instructions and that student age possesses a negligible influence.

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Chen, Alyssa, Eric Vogan, Jennifer Foglio, Ramona Davis, Anita J. Reddy, and Simon W. Lam. "Effect of Detailed Titration Instructions on Time to Hemodynamic Stability in ICU Patients Requiring Norepinephrine." Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 45, no. 9 (September 2019): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.05.003.

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Tang, My M., Courtney A. Nuss, Natalie Fogarty, and Josh R. Baxter. "Plantar flexor deficits following Achilles tendon rupture: A novel small animal dynamometer and detailed instructions." Journal of Biomechanics 145 (December 2022): 111393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111393.

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Shestakova, T. V., and I. A. Kirshchina. "STUDY OF THE QUALIT Y OF PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OFTHE PROPER USE OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC DRUGS." Modern organization of drug supply 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30809/solo.4.2021.3.

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RELEVANCE. Bronchial asthma, along with cardiovascular and oncological diseases, is one of the three most common chronic non- communicable diseases. For the most part, anti-asthmatic drugs (LP) are presented in the form of aerosols, powders, solutions for inhalation and other dosage forms intended for administration directly into the human respiratory tract. It is obvious that misunderstanding of the method of application and / or insufficient effectiveness of LP due to improper use can lead to a decrease in patients’ adherence to the prescribed therapy. In this regard, the availability of pharmaceutical information in the instructions becomes important, i.e. the more accessible the information in the instructions is to the patient, the higher the probability of proper use of the drug, maintaining patient compliance and preserving the patient’s quality of life. PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to analyze the completeness of pharmaceutical information provided in the instructions for the medical use of anti-asthmatic drugs (LP) and on the websites of manufacturing companies, from the standpoint of patients’ compliance with the rules for the use of LP. The main objectives of the analysis were: identification of the proportion of anti- asthmatic drugs that have a detailed scheme of use in the instructions; analysis of the instructions of anti-asthmatic drugs from the position of having indications of additional features of the use / use of drugs; analysis of instructions for anti-asthmatic drugs, the use of which is possible for groups of patients with physical or cognitive disabilities; identification of the share of companies producing anti-asthmatic drugs that support patients by conducting a specialized consulting service on the use of drugs. METHODS. The assessment of the quality of pharmaceutical information for patients was carried out on the basis of an analysis of 165 instructions for the medical use of pharmacotherapeutic groups of drugs designated in GINA-2021 (Global Initiative for Asthma-2021) and Federal Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma of the Russian Respiratory Society (2019) as anti-asthmatic drugs. The analysis was also carried out in relation to the information content of the websites of anti-asthmatic LP manufacturers, additionally, by creating a direct search query, the presence of a private page on the Internet for specific LP was determined. In the course of the research, methods of logical, comparative analysis, as well as generalization and grouping were used. To process the results obtained, the Excel computer program of the Microsoft Office 10 package was used. RESULTS. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the vast majority of anti-asthmatic drugs of all the studied pharmacotherapeutic groups are intended for administration directly into the respiratory tract, the article presents the results of a study on the ratio of inhaled and non-inhaled dosage forms in the context of the analyzed pharmacotherapeutic groups. The article presents data on the proportion of anti-asthmatic drugs that have a detailed description in the instructions in addition to the standard method of application (figure, diagram, pictogram) the method of introduction / use of LP. The fact of the absence of a detailed method of application in the instructions of various pharmacotherapeutic groups has been established. The results of the analysis of the number of instructions with the additional properties of LP indicated in them, allowing the use of LP data in patients with physical or cognitive characteristics (limitations), are presented. The number of companies producing anti-asthmatic drugs that have posted detailed information for consumers regarding the use of these drugs on their websites, as well as the number of drugs that have their own website, has been revealed. CONCLUSION. The information in the instructions for the medical use of anti-asthmatic drugs and on the official websites of the manufacturing companies (holders of registration certificates) of the studied drugs is not always exhaustive in terms of the use of inhaled dosage forms, which does not fully ensure the safe and effective receipt of anti-asthmatic pharmacotherapy. According to the authors, improving the quality of information for patients about the rules of using drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma will simplify the use of dosage forms specific for its therapy, increase patients’ adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapy, reduce the risks from insufficient effectiveness of anti-asthmatic pharmacotherapy and preserve the quality of life of patients associated with the disease.

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Kildušis, Edvinas, and Gintautas Brimas. "Influence of Educational Methods on Bowel Preparation for Coloncopy: Systematic Literature Review." Lietuvos chirurgija 20, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2021): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2021.20.47.

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Background. To review and evaluate the influence of bowel preparation educational methods for colonoscopy used in world practice. Research material and methods. Scientific publications have been searched in PubMed, Cochrane Libraly, Google Scholar and SpringerLink databases since 2011 January 1 until 2020 May 10. The following keywords were used in the search: improving bowel preparation, cleansing, colonoscopy, education, enhanced, method, instruction, intervention, comparison, validated bowel preparation scale, adult participants. The specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in the selection of articles, and a detailed analysis of educational methods was performed. Results. This systematic review includes 21 articles, which assesses the various ways in which patients are educated before colonoscopy. The publications are divided into 3 groups: (1) patients in the study group educated in some way are compared with those in the control group who received standard instructions; (2) all patients received standard instructions, and the patients in the study group were additionally educated in some way and compared with the control group; (3) all patients received standard instructions, and patients in the study groups (there was more than one study group) were additionally educated in some way and the study groups were compared with each other. The main comparative results of the used bowel preparation for colonoscopy educational methods are presented. Conclusion. It is necessary to objectively (quantitatively, using standardized scales) evaluate the effectiveness of emerging patient bowel preparation before colonoscopy educational methods, to standardize patient training (education) protocols, so that it is possible to properly compare different forms of education.

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Yaruss, J. Scott. "Real-Time Analysis of Speech Fluency." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 7, no. 2 (May 1998): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0702.25.

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Many authors have suggested that it is possible for clinicians to collect basic data regarding their client's speech fluency on-line, or in real time, while the client is speaking. Unfortunately, the literature contains relatively little in the way of detailed instructions on exactly how such data should be collected. This article provides specific instructions for real-time collection of information about the frequency and types of speech disfluencies produced by individuals who stutter. The paper also outlines procedures for training students and clinicians to use this technique reliably and accurately and proposes tolerance limits for determining whether frequency counts are sufficiently reliable for clinical use.

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Edmonds, Lisa A. "Tutorial for Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST): Detailed Description of the Treatment Protocol with Corresponding Theoretical Rationale." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld24.3.78.

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Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) is a theoretically motivated aphasia treatment that has resulted in promising generalization to untrained sentences and discourse in persons with aphasia. As with all speech and language therapies, it is critical that clinicians understand the theoretical motivation behind VNeST's protocol in order to make informed decisions during provision of the treatment. This article provides a detailed VNeST tutorial, including characteristics of participants who might be suitable, dosage information, and detailed instructions for each treatment step, including rationale, cueing guidelines, and frequently asked questions. Further guidance is provided regarding verb selection, and a score sheet is included for easy recording of responses and cueing levels.

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Fu, Li, and Cynthia Thomes. "Implementing discipline-specific searches in EBSCO Discovery Service." New Library World 115, no. 3/4 (March 4, 2014): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – This paper discusses how University of Maryland University College (UMUC) librarians customized EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to allow for searching across librarian-selected sets of discipline-specific databases. Discipline-specific searching results in a smaller and more relevant set of search results, which can make research more efficient and effective. Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the collaboration between systems and reference and instruction librarians to develop, test, launch, promote, and assess discipline-specific searching in EDS in support of effective teaching and learning. Findings – Customization of a discovery tool to allow researchers to run searches across pre-selected sets of discipline-specific databases is beneficial to the researchers since it enables them to find a smaller and more relevant set of search results than they would otherwise receive if they searched across all databases available in the discovery tool. Originality/value – This paper provides detailed instructions regarding customization of EDS to allow for discipline-specific searching and discusses ways in which this enhancement can be brought to researchers' attention during reference and instruction interactions. This paper should be of interest to technical librarians as well as to reference and instruction librarians.

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Brasileiro, Danilo Fernandes, and Maria Cristina Sanna. "Instructions from the administrative department of public service's first civil service examination for nursing: revelations from 1941." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 2 (June 2015): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015000452014.

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The aim of this study was to describe the primary norms and instructions for the first civil service exam for nurses administered by the Administrative Department of Public Service. This is a descriptive and historical-documentary study. Sources included publications about the event in the Diário Oficial da União, Brazil's Federal Official Gazette. Analysis and construction of results adhered to the sequence of presentation of norms and instructions of the process. Three were decrees that regulated the first civil service exam: two were generalized (n. 661 and n. 1411) and one was specialized (n. 1360). The specific instructions contained in the specialized decree were highlighted, and distributed in three chapters: I-Conditions; II-Exams; and III-Evaluations. In the Vargas Era, a substantial number of public servant positions for nurses were filled by way of public civil service exams administrated by the Administrative Department of Public Service, underpinned by rigorous normative structure, and translated into detailed selection criteria.

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Brown, C. S., S. I. Allen, and D. C. Songco. "A Computerized Prescription Writing Program for Doctors." Methods of Information in Medicine 24, no. 02 (April 1985): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635356.

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SummaryA computer-assisted system designed to write drug prescriptions and patient instructions has been in operation in a dermatologist’s office for two years. Almost all prescriptions are generated by the machine. Drug dosages, directions, and labeling phrases are retrieved from a diagnosis-oriented formulary of 300 drug products. A prescription template with preselected default options is displayed on a terminal screen where selection is made with the use of the video pointer. Typing skill is not required, as a detailed prescription can be produced from the use of only five function keys. Prescriptions and sets of relevant instructions for the patient are computer-printed. Therapy summaries for the medical record also are automatically composed and printed.

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Sari, Dina Permata, and Farida Kurniawati. "Behavioral Skill Training Dalam Membantu Orang Tua Mengatasi Permasalahan Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder." Provitae: Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan 15, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/provitae.v15i1.18377.

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Behavioral Skill Training (BST) is a method for modifying behavior. The purpose of this literature review is to describe BST procedures can help parents cope with behavioral problems that arise in children with autism. Systematic literature review carried out by filtering articles through the Spingerlink and Taylor & Francis Online databases with publication dates between 2012-2020. It was obtained three articles (n=3) with specific criteria. Data analysis was performed by narrative synthetic analysis. The results of the study show that clear and detailed instructions, modelling in accordance with instructions, chance for imitate behavior during rehearsal, and positive and constructive feedback have a positive impact on parental behavior and expected behavior’s child.

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Szydło, Zbigniew A. "The Chemical Theatre - Education, Entertainment / Teatr Chemiczny - Edukacja, Rozrywka." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 19, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0002.

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Abstract Seven simple demonstration experiments are described in this article, which can be used by teachers of chemistry for a wide variety of audiences. In addition to detailed instructions for each experiment, important background information is given, thus enabling the demonstrations to become part of a profound learning experience, which is the primary aim of the chemical theatre.

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Duke, Stephen O. "Proving Allelopathy in Crop–Weed Interactions." Weed Science 63, SP1 (February 2015): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00130.1.

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This article is written to provide some directions on how to determine if a plant species might influence its neighboring plants by allelopathy. There is insufficient space for detailed instructions for individual experiments, so I will provide references for different general approaches and opinions on common pitfalls of those who have worked in this research area.

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Allen, Richard J., Liam J. B. Hill, Lucy H. Eddy, and Amanda H. Waterman. "Exploring the effects of demonstration and enactment in facilitating recall of instructions in working memory." Memory & Cognition 48, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-00978-6.

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AbstractAcross the lifespan the ability to follow instructions is essential for the successful completion of a multitude of daily activities. This ability will often rely on the storage and processing of information in working memory, and previous research in this domain has found that self-enactment at encoding or observing other-enactment at encoding (demonstration) improves performance at recall. However, no working memory research has directly compared these manipulations. Experiment 1 explored the effects of both self-enactment and demonstration on young adults’ (N=48) recall of action-object instruction sequences (e.g. ‘spin the circle, tap the square’). Both manipulations improved recall, with demonstration providing relatively larger boosts to performance across conditions. More detailed analyses suggested that this improvement was driven by improving the representations of actions, rather than objects, in these action-object sequences. Experiment 2 (N=24) explored this further, removing the objects from the physical environment and comparing partial demonstration (i.e. action-only or object-only) with no or full demonstration. The results showed that partial demonstration only benefitted features that were demonstrated, while full demonstration improved memory for actions, objects and their pairings. Overall these experiments indicate how self-enactment, and particularly demonstration, can benefit verbal recall of instruction sequences through the engagement of visuo-motor processes that provide additional forms of coding to support working memory performance.

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Braaksma, Martine, and Gert Rijlaarsdam. "Argumentatieve Teksten Leren Schrijven en Lezen Door Observeren." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 59 (January 1, 1998): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.59.09bra.

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Couzijn (Couzijn, 1995; Couzijn & Rijlaarsdam 1996) showed that learning to write and read argumentative texts is facilitated by observation tasks. Compared with executing the exercises themselves, observing others executing the tasks proved to be more beneficial in learning and transfer. In this article, we report on a detailed analysis of Couzijn's data, exploring the different learning activities in the observation task. An analysis of pupils' observation tasks showed differences in the mean percentage of process-oriented elaborations. Central to this article is the question: which features of instruction lead to process-oriented elaborations? Some features are discussed: different formulation of instructions and differences in the object of observation. It turns out that in observing readers, pupils elaborated more on the reading process than on the writing process when they were observing writers. Another finding was that good writers stimulated more process-oriented elaborations than weak writers.

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Rose, Kisa, Joseph KB Matovu, Caroline J. Vrana-Diaz, Esther Buregyeya, Joseph Kagaayi, Harriet Chemusto, Shaban Mugerwa, et al. "Ease of understanding and performing HIV self-tests by pregnant women and their male partners in Uganda: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, no. 7 (February 6, 2021): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420983935.

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Introduction: Understanding and following HIV self-testing (HIVST) instructions is a critical step in the use of HIVST kits. We analyzed data on pregnant women and their partners’ self-assessment on the usability of kits delivered by their pregnant women. Methods: Quantitative data were collected on 399 pregnant women and 238 male partners enrolled in the intervention arm of a large cluster-randomized HIVST trial. Each pregnant woman received HIVST demonstrations, detailed pictorial instructions on how to use OraQuick HIVST kits, and two kits; for herself and her male partner. Follow-up was at one month (baseline for male partners) and 3 months. Descriptive statistics were conducted to compare understanding and following of HIVST instructions by age and education level. Results: The proportion of those who understood HIVST instructions was almost the same (98%) for women and their partners, although partners (26.5%) were nearly twice as likely than women (16.0%) to report needing pretest counseling (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.27–2.79). Partners’ understanding of the HIVST instructions did not vary by education level, but 4.4% of women with primary education reported difficulty in understanding HIVST instructions compared with 0.5% and 0% of those with secondary and university education, respectively ( p = 0.05). However, 5.6% of women aged 30–68 years and 3.3% of partners aged 20–24 years found it more difficult to understand the HIVST instructions. Conclusion: Both pregnant women and their male partners were correctly able to perform an HIVST without or (with minimal) support suggesting that this mode of delivery will help the national program reach more men. Because more male partners than women required HIVST pretest counseling support, male-targeted HIVST promotional messages may be needed to increase men's self-efficacy to perform HIVST unsupported.

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Jaszczak, Roman, and Janusz Bańkowski. "Forest management plan in Poland – problems and development directions." Forest Research Papers 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0016.

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Abstract Nowadays, improving forest management is done by way of amendments to the forest management instructions, silvicultural rules and forest protection instructions. From the point of view of forest management, the most important is the forest management plan, the basic document prepared for a specific object, containing a description and assessment of the state of the forest, as well as the objectives, tasks and ways of forest management. Before each subsequent revision of the forest management guidelines, new instructions are developed in consultation with the public, based on discussions on the proposed changes that are in each case to serve as the best plan for forest management. The forest management plan is vital as it ties together silviculture, conservation, production and non-production purposes as well as social forestry tasks, but only if the primary and operational nature of the objectives considered at the stage of creating the plan are recognized. Therefore, the role of forest management in shaping and protecting the environment cannot be overestimated. In this work, we outline the basic principles and rights related to both, forest management under various forms of ownership, as well as detailed guidelines for the content of the forest management plan. We found that the specificity of mountain forests requires the use of different rules and methods. Taking into account the existing rich scientific achievements, it is tempting to attempt to develop forest management instructions specifically for mountain forests, whether in the form of a separate chapter or a separate publication. The basic problem with forest management under other forms of ownership (urban, experimental, private forests) is the lack of a detailed legal basis accounting for their specific nature. Therefore, appropriate steps should be taken towards introducing appropriate new or supplementary provisions into the forest legislation, which would allow for the development of modern standards. For the State Forests, forest management instructions should be prepared by a team of experts appointed by the Minister of the Environment who will approve the finished document for official use. The forest management plan should include an economic annex focused on the forecast of the expected financial result, including costs associated with a deviation from the optimal due to social or protective reasons.

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Kovalenko, V. V., and S. D. Denisov. "THE METHOD OF CREATION OF INTERACTIVE THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES OF THE RELIEF OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF HOLLOW ORGANS AND THE DEVICE FOR ITS APPLICATION." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2015-12-1-22.

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The article presents a method for producing three-dimensional photo illustrations of the relief of mucous membranes of any hollow organs, and describes the device for its implementation and provides detailed instructions for its application. The article shows the advantages of the developed method if compared to the existing method of macroscopic studies and indicates areas of its possible application.

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Huang, Xin Ming. "Optimization and Supporting Technology of Compressor Cylinder Block Machining Process." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.745.

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This paper describes the process optimization of compressor cylinder block machining and supporting technology, which ensures the implementation of this optimization. This paper also provides detailed instructions about the design of quick change type semi automatic hydraulic jig and combination cutting tool of fine boring crankshaft hole. The practical experience evidenced that the process optimization is a good way to improve the product quality.

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Splith, T., A. Kaps, and F. Stallmach. "Phase plot of a gravity pendulum acquired via the MEMS gyroscope and magnetic field sensors of a smartphone." American Journal of Physics 90, no. 4 (April 2022): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0009254.

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A gravity pendulum experiment in which a smartphone serves as pendulum bob and as measurement device is described. As the pendulum oscillates, the smartphone gyroscope and magnetometer sensors are used to simultaneously record the bob's angular velocity and angular displacement. While the angular velocity is measured directly via the gyroscope sensor, the angular displacement is deduced from the change of the magnetometer reading while the smartphone oscillates in the constant magnetic field of the Earth. These two independent measurements enable us to derive the phase space representation of the pendulum motion directly from experimental data. Further data analysis yields energy plots, including the periodic change between the pendulum's kinetic and potential energy and the energy dissipation due to friction. Detailed instructions on how to adopt the experiment, which is both suitable as a lecture demonstration as well as an instructional laboratory experiment, are provided in the supplementary material.

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Gong, Jing, Jia Li, Yue Tang, and Yuan Miao. "Summary of Performance and the Application of the Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Structures." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.693.

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Due to the restraint of steel tube concrete of concrete filled steel tubular components，three directions’ compression at the same time， the bearing capacity of concrete is obviously improved.As a result of the existence of steel pipe concrete，can effectively prevent the steel tube of local buckling ，com-plementary advantages and disadvantages of these two kinds of material ， the performance of the material is greatly improved. In this paper, the performance and characteristics of the composite material has carried on the detailed instructions，the ultimate bearing capacity of calculation principle has carried on the detailed analysis and research， the application of this new type of material are summarized.

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Thaitirarot, A., RC Flicek, DA Hills, and JR Barber. "The use of static reduction in the finite element solution of two-dimensional frictional contact problems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 9 (October 31, 2013): 1474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213509086.

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In this paper, detailed instructions are given for performing static reduction on a finite element description of an elastic contact problem, thus reducing the dimensionality of the problem to the set of contact nodes alone. This significantly reduces the computational time for the solution to evolutionary contact problems and also gives the user greater control over the detailed implementation of the contact and friction laws. The reduced stiffness matrix is also an essential ingredient in the determination of the critical coefficient of friction for the problem to be well posed, and it facilitates the determination of the conditions under which a frictional system may shake down under periodic loading.

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Beyene, Kidanemariam G/Michael, Solomon Nadew, Wassu Gedefaw Ali, Awot Gebregzabiher Gebrehiwot, and Solomon Getachew Atsibeha. "How to write standard operating procedures: values and a practical guide." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i4.557.

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Standard operating procedure (SOP) is detailed, written step-by-step instructions for achieving uniformity while performing specific tasks to minimize variations of repeated tasks and plays a key role in the implementation of a quality management system. It is a document that describes the procedures that will be followed to accomplish various tasks. The procedures are organic documents and best-written SOPs fail if they are not followed. Poorly written, unavailable, and inadequate SOPs hamper working processes and lead to non-compliance in the implementation of quality management systems. A well-crafted SOP offers clear direction and instruction that minimizes deviations at different times using different personnel. The SOPs should be user-friendly and describes the processes in the sequential manner in which they are intended to occur and thus leading to a logical flow of events. In this article, SOP writing is summarised in seven steps, namely (i) Preparing, (ii) Reviewing, (iii) Updating, (iv) Maintaining, (v) Distributing, (vi) Archiving, and (vii) Training.

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Quanbeck, Zachary A., Walter H. Truong, Michael T. Healy, Deborah S. Quanbeck, and Emmalynn J. Sigrist. "A Surgical Simulation Module on Pediatric Femoral Osteotomies for Orthopaedic Surgery Residents." Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, S1 (August 15, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0062.

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Surgical simulation has the potential to enhance orthopaedic resident education. In this paper and associated video, we describe a module we developed and use to teach trainees how to perform pediatric proximal femoral osteotomies. Two module-specific evaluation tools, an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) Checklist and A Global Rating Scale of Performance, are included. Detailed instructions for the creation of the lower extremity model are also provided.

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Fonseca, Maria João, and Fernando Tavares. "The Bactericidal Effect of Sunlight." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 9 (November 1, 2011): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.9.8.

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Sunlight is required for vital biological processes. However, solar ultraviolet radiation can have a detrimental impact on living organisms, by acting as a natural mutagenic agent. With this activity, intended for middle school and high school, we propose a simple hands-on experiment to investigate the bactericidal effect of sunlight. The activity provides appealing visual results and opportunities for extension of inquiry. Procedural instructions, discussion topics, and assessment suggestions are detailed.

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Gerbut, S. S. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE BASICS OF PROGRAMMING IN THE PASCALABC.NET (DRAWMAN)." Informatics in school, no. 4 (June 26, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/2221-1993-2021-20-4-24-33.

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The article describes the methodological rationale for using the virtual robot Drawman in the PascalABC.NET environment for teaching the basics of programming. There is a didactic material on the basics of working with the virtual robot Drawman, which can be used in informatics lessons or in additional classes. Detailed instructions can be both an assistant to the teacher for working in the lesson, and a guide for students working at an individual pace, and schoolchildren in self-study of the basics of programming. However, under teacher guidance, this training will be more effective. The article examines tasks from various topics — linear programs, loop operators, nested loops, procedures and procedures with a parameter — with a detailed description of how to solve these problems, which will allow students to solve other tasks from these topics on their own. For the first linear program, step-by-step instructions are given on how to implement the task and write the first program in the PascalABC.NET environment for the virtual robot Drawman, as well as to automatically check the completed task. Depending on the interests and level of preparation of the students, the material may be useful for students in the sixth or seventh grades.

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Anderson, Janelle, Chris Goplen, Lynn Murray, Kristen Seashore, Malini Soundarrajan, Andrew Lokuta, Kevin Strang, and Naomi Chesler. "Human respiratory mechanics demonstration model." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.90177.2008.

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Respiratory mechanics is a difficult topic for instructors and students alike. Existing respiratory mechanics models are limited in their abilities to demonstrate any effects of rib cage movement on alveolar and intrapleural pressures. We developed a model that can be used in both large and small classroom settings. This model contains digital pressure displays and computer integration for real-time demonstration of pressure changes that correspond to the different phases of breathing. Moving the simulated diaphragm and rib cage causes a volume change that results in pressure changes visible on the digital sensors and computer display. Device testing confirmed the model's ability to accurately demonstrate pressure changes in proportion to physiological values. Classroom testing in 427 surveyed students showed improved understanding of respiratory concepts ( P < 0.05). We conclude that our respiratory mechanics model is a valuable instructional tool and provide detailed instructions for those who would like to create their own.

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Choi, Jangyoun, Eun Jeong Ko, Sung Ae Kim, Jong Yun Choi, Suk-Ho Moon, Young Joon Jun, Jun Hee Byeon, and Deuk Young Oh. "Anterior-First Approach for Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Refined Elevation Method with Detailed Video Instructions." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 7387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247387.

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Background: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDMC) flap is a preferred flap in breast reconstruction for its wide surface area and volume. Since the flap is situated in the midback area, a lateral decubitus approach is a conventional method. However, proper visualization and access to the thoracodorsal vascular pedicle or muscle insertion is difficult from the lateral approach, causing inefficiency and surgeon fatigue. We propose the ‘anterior-first’ approach in LDMC flap reconstruction, where the landmark structures are first approached from the supine-anterior position through the mastectomy incision. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2020, 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction with LDMC flap were included in the study. Patients received reconstruction with the conventional approach (n = 20), or anterior-first approach (n = 28). Demographic factors and the operative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: Compared to the conventional approach group, the anterior-first approach group showed improved efficiency in the duration of total reconstruction (228 versus 330 min, p < 0.001), and flap elevation (139 versus 200 min, p < 0.001). No difference in complication rate and time to drain removal was observed (p = 0.14 and >0.9, respectively). Conclusion: The anterior-first approach for breast reconstruction with LDMC flap provides surgeons with an enhanced surgical exposure and superior ergonomics, leading to a safer and more efficient flap elevation.

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Xie, Qiao Yun, and Xiang Ling. "Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Copper Filler Thickness on the Brazed Residual Stress." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1161.

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In this study, the residual stress in copper base brazed stainless steel plate-fin structure was investigated through thermo-mechanical coupled finite element analysis (FEA) models. The results show that the maximum residual tensile stress occurs in the brazed joint next to the plate side. In addition, the dependence of residual stress distribution on filler thickness was also analyzed. The detailed stress distribution would provide some constructive instructions in the practical brazing procedure.

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Costanza, Salvatore, and Amphilochios Papathomas. "P.Ross. Georg. I 21: riedizione e commento del più esteso manuale di ieroscopia." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 67, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 50–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2021-0004.

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Abstract Greek papyri dating between the 2nd and the 4th centuries AD bear testimony to treatises about hieroscopy, the study of animal entrails, especially the liver, for the purpose of divination. The present article is dedicated to the best preserved handbook on this divinatory technique, P.Ross. Georg. I 21, which provides detailed instructions on how to “read” the entrails. A new critical edition of the papyrus is presented with translation and commentary.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Detailed instructions'

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