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Journal articles on the topic 'Details of blind holes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Jing, Miao Wu, and Chengqiang Cui. "Factors governing filling of blind via and through hole in electroplating." Circuit World 40, no. 3 (2014): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-05-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a clear picture of the key factors of blind via and through hole filling in electroplating, e.g. shape of via or hole, electroplating solution, process, as well as the developments of mechanisms and models. Design/methodology/approach – First, the paper details the development trends and challenges of via filling. Then the research status of mechanisms, electroplating solutions, including base solution and additives, numerical model and mass transfer is described. Finally, through hole filling is briefly reviewed. Findings – To achieve excellen

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2

Kuo, Kei Lin. "A Study on Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Tapping of Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.218.

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Tapping is a technique commonly employed to make internal threads in the fastening industry. However, sudden breakage of tool bits is the most undesirable event often encountered during thread tapping. In particular, this can most readily occur when making internal threads in blind-holes, especially holes smaller than M6. As such, any effort to prolong the life of the tap is both necessary as well as urgent. The present study tried to use the high frequency vibration generated by a piezoelectric actuator to make threads for the titanium alloy. The thread tapping process was analyzed in detail,

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3

Ni, Shiming, Fengyun Guo, Dongbo Wang, et al. "Optimal Sr-Doped Free TiO2@SrTiO3 Heterostructured Nanowire Arrays for High-Efficiency Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical UV Photodetector Applications." Crystals 9, no. 3 (2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030134.

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Due to their high performance, photoelectrochemical ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted much attention, but the recombination of photogenerated electrons at the interface of photoanode/electrolyte limited further improvement of photoelectrochemical UV photodetectors (PEC UVPDs). Modification of TiO2 photoanode by SrTiO3 could improve the performance of UVPD, because the energy barrier that is established at the TiO2–SrTiO3 interface could accelerate the separation of the photogenerated electrons-holes pair. However, the recombination center that is caused by the preparation of TiO2@

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4

Bachmann, Friedrich. "Excimer Laser Drill for Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards: From Advanced Development to Factory Floor." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 12 (1989): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006098x.

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A novel excimer laser process has been developed for generating cylindrical via holes with an aspect ratio of about one. The fabrication process is being successfully run on a production line for a highly miniaturized printed circuit board used for the multichip module in the new Siemens 7500 H 90 mainframe computer. The process is outstanding in terms of reliability and reproducibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first that that excimer lasers have been put into large-scale use in an industrial environment.Since signal delay times for chips have decreased much more rapidly than

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5

Saoudi, Jamel, Redouane Zitoune, Suhasini Gururaja, Mehdi Salem, and Salah Mezleni. "Analytical and experimental investigation of the delamination during drilling of composite structures with core drill made of diamond grits: X-ray tomography analysis." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 10 (2017): 1281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317724591.

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Among the various forms of material damage, exit-ply delamination has been identified as one of the most deleterious damage processes associated with drilling fibre-reinforced plastics. The thrust force has been cited as the primary cause for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination. Only one analytical model for the prediction of the critical thrust force responsible for delamination using core drills can be found in the literature. In this study, a realistic model to predict critical thrust force responsible for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination in a multi-directional carbon fibre-reinfor

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6

Mooney, Ted. "Rusting in blind holes." Metal Finishing 94, no. 2 (1996): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(96)93893-3.

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7

Bujak, Jan, and Paweł Hermanowicz. "Controlled gas nitriding of the surfaces of blind holes using the two-component NH3+NH3diss atmospheres during the heating-up stage." Inżynieria Powierzchni 23, no. 1 (2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8028.

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The paper presents the preliminary research results of the influence of the chemical composition of the two-component nitriding atmospheres on the structure and properties of the nitrided layers in the surfaces of the blind holes. The results showed that the utilization during the heating-up stage of in the controlled gas nitriding process the two-component atmospheres NH3 + NH3diss enables the production of the nitrided layers with a limited thickness of an iron nitrides layer as well as and a sufficiently high hardness on the surfaces of the blind holes. The nitrided layers obtained on the s

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8

Latypov, Radic R., Alexandra O. Desyatova, Sergey V. Golybev, Larisa N. Maskaeva, and Vyacheslav F. Markov. "Comparative assessment of the conditions of direct and electrochemical metallization of blind holes of multilayer printed circuit boards." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (2019): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-98.

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The metal blind holes acting as interconnectors allow significantly reduce the number of layers, increase the efficiency of trace and decrease interference between the holes and signal conductors in the high frequency printed circuit boards. In this work, a comparative assessment of the conditions of direct and electrochemical metallization blind holes with diameters: 0,2; 0.25; 0.3; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0 mm and a drilling depth of 0.5 mm located on experimental four-layer multilayer printed circuit boards, differing in the method of applying a conductive and copper coating was carried out. It ha

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9

Hu, You Zuo, Wei He, Wei Dong Xue, et al. "A Parameters Optimization of the CO₂ Laser Drilling Process for HDI Microvia Fabrication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.451.

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The blind via holes formation by laser drilling is one of the key technologies for demanding high density interconnect printed circuit boards. In this paper , the drilling conditions of drilling the blind via holes and the quality of the drilled holes are examined using a CO2 laser source against the FR4 board without copper foil.We chose laser energy,pulse shot,pulse width and diameter of beam as the experimental parameter . The results showed that laser energy and beam diameter played a more important role on changing the blind vias’ diameter than pulse shot and pulse width .While the pulse

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10

Domingo, Rosario, José M. Arenas Reina, Mariano Marcos Bárcena, and M. A. Sebastián. "Evaluation of Thrust Forces in Dry Drilling of UNS A97050 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.711.

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This paper presents a study of the thrust forces in the aluminium alloy, UNS A97050-T7. The measurement of these forces during the dry drilling in plates is evaluated under cutting different conditions and in through and blind holes. The experiments have been performed in a CNC milling and HSS Co drills have been utilised with unlike diameters (6.3 mm and 4 mm). The thrust forces have been measured by means of a piezoelectric dynamometer. In addition, the results have been compared with theoretical forces, obtained by the Kronenberg equation. The ANOVA study has allowed confirming the similitu

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11

Sola, D., J. I. Peña, and Miguel A. Buñuel. "Glass Ceramic Laser Machining for Cooktop Appliances." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.777.

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This paper presents a study of glass ceramic laser machining for cooktop appliances. Blind holes and special shape cross section blind holes can be created for functional purposes. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at its fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm with pulsewidths in the nanosecond range has been used. The material can be machined by focusing the laser beam at different depths under the back side of the glass panel, in such a way that blind holes of 2-6 mm diameter and 1-3 mm depth can be drilled. Several cross section shapes can be obtained using additional galvanometric mirrors to deflect th

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12

Fan, Junling, Xinglin Guo, Chengwei Wu, Yanguang Zhao, and Qiang Guo. "Stress assessment and fatigue behavior evaluation of components with defects based on the finite element method and lock-in thermography." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 7 (2014): 1194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214541432.

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The relationships between the stress concentration factors Kts to the depths h and diameters Φ of blind holes were investigated based on the finite element method. The E-Mode, built-in the lock-in thermographic technique, was used to determine the stress distribution around blind holes and to predict the variation of Kts. Good predictions were achieved between the thermography and finite element method. The Altair Li software and Altair software were, separately, used to study the variations of the intrinsic dissipation and temperature increment during fatigue process for the purpose of damage

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13

Chaubey, Sujeet Kumar, and Kapil Gupta. "Developing Meso and Microholes by Spark-Erosion Based Drilling Processes: A Critical Review." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (2022): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060885.

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The increased demand for miniature components has drawn the attention of researchers, engineers, and industry users to manufacture precision micro and mesoholes on foils, sheets, and plates made from a variety of engineering materials. These days, micro-drilling is extensively being adopted as a fundamental operation in all kinds of smart manufacturing industries to make different types of microholes, such as through holes, blind holes, and taper holes on micro-parts and components. Drilled holes with a diameter of less than 1 mm are referred to as microholes, while drilled holes whose diamete

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14

Adapa, Sathish Kumar, Dowluru Sreeramulu, and Jagadish. "Classification and Automatic Feature-Based Extraction Approach for Cylindrical and Milling Parts." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2021070104.

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This paper reports classification and automatic extraction of various cylindrical and milling features in conventional machining process parts. In this work, various algorithms like hole recognition algorithm (HRA) and milling feature recognition algorithm (MFRA) have been used for identification of different cylindrical and milling features. A cylindrical feature is identified based on specific logical rules, and milling feature is identified based on the concept of concave decomposition of edges. In-house developed JAVA program is used to write algorithm, and then validation of the algorithm

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15

Raedts, S., A. V. Silhanek, M. J. Van Bael, R. Jonckheere, and V. V. Moshchalkov. "Flux pinning properties of holes and blind holes arranged periodically in a superconductor." Physica C: Superconductivity 404, no. 1-4 (2004): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.095.

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16

Owen, M., E. Roelants, and J. Van Puymbroeck. "Laser drilling of blind holes in FR4/glass." Circuit World 24, no. 1 (1998): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/030561201998000008.

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17

Willis, Bob. "Assessment of blind via holes – an alternative approach." Circuit World 34, no. 2 (2008): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03056120810874564.

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18

Calvanese, L., R. De Stefano, and V. Longobardi. "Stress concentrations from small blind holes in plates." Engineering Failure Analysis 6, no. 5 (1999): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-6307(98)00047-8.

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19

Zhang, G. X., and S. M. Yang. "A 3D Probe for Measuring Small Blind Holes." CIRP Annals 44, no. 1 (1995): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62363-4.

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20

Zlobin, E. P., A. I. Khaimovich, and A. V. Balaykin. "A vibration treatment of holes obtained by selective laser melting." E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345810010.

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The article investigated the vibration treatment of blind holes obtained by selective laser melting. The object of the investigation was a printed stainless steel specimen with holes of various diameters. The experimental results showed that the most effective treatment occurs when the hole diameter exceeds the size of the abrasive body by 1-2 mm, but does not exceed it by 2 times. It was also noted that the rounding of the edge of the hole with a size not exceeding the nominal value of the abrasive occurs faster than that of a hole with a larger size. The time of rough processing of stainless

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21

Liu Xiaodong, 刘晓东, 陈亮 Chen Liang, 王曦照 Wang Xizhao, and 熊政军 Xiong Zhengjun. "Micromilling Blind Holes in Al2O3 Ceramics Using UV Laser." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 5 (2021): 0514005–514005202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.0514005.

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22

Kraus, Matthias, Martin Klaus, and Björn Wittor. "Experimental Analyses on the Resistance of Tapped Blind Holes." ce/papers 4, no. 2-4 (2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1273.

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23

Lühn, O., A. Radisic, C. Van Hoof, W. Ruythooren, and J. P. Celis. "Monitoring the Superfilling of Blind Holes with Electrodeposited Copper." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, no. 4 (2010): D242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3301623.

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24

HAGIWARA, Yoshihiko, and Hiroki KASAI. "Through fatigue crack propagation behavior near the blind holes." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 54, no. 501 (1988): 964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.54.964.

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25

Kisiel, Ryszard, Janusz Borecki, Grażyna Kozioł, and Jan Felba. "Conductive adhesives for through holes and blind vias metallization." Microelectronics Reliability 45, no. 12 (2005): 1935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2005.03.005.

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26

Lengerov, Angel. "TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF POSITIONING PRISMATIC-BODY DETAILS IN HOLDING DEVICES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6523.

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The aim of the present work is to propose and substantiate a scheme of a device for positioning prismatic-body details on two holes with parallel axes and a plane, perpendicular to them. This will help to achieve high accuracy of linear and angular orientation of the workpiece. Thus the requirements for the accuracy of the center-to-center distance of the base holes will be reduced and the process of assembling the workpiece to the grip pawls will be simplified.

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27

Zhao, Qinyan, Zhongyong Zhang, Jiliang Liu, and Mingjin Chu. "Experimental Study on Precast Concrete Shear Walls with Different Hollow Slabs." Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010166.

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To study mechanical behaviors of shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slabs, two shear walls with different details of hollow slabs were quasi-statically tested under low cyclic loading. The failure mode was analyzed, which vertical macro-cracks appeared on walls due to the details of hollow slabs. Brittle shear failure can be avoided in terms of the failure behaviors evolved from integral wall to the combination of wall and columns. Test results also show that that dimension of transverse holes can affect compressive capacity of the walls when it is larger than that of longitudinal h

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28

Li, Mingfei, Jiahao Li, Gedi Ma, et al. "Analysis of the effect of equal depth blind holes and other factors on pressure resistance of perforating guns." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3006, no. 1 (2025): 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3006/1/012041.

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Abstract SQ89 × 8.8 mm perforating gun is selected, and ANSYS software is used to establish the finite element model of equal and unequal depth blind hole perforating gun. The effects of different wall thicknesses and blind hole depths of equal and unequal depth blind holes on the pressure resistance of the gun are compared and analyzed, and the analysis results show that the pressure resistance of equal depth blind hole perforating gun is increased by 15.5% on average compared with that of unequal depth blind hole perforating gun. The results show that the pressure resistance of the equal dep

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29

Jayasekar, Micheal. "PCB Advanced Via/Holes Technologies." PCB Advanced Via/Holes Technologies 9, no. 2 (2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10656132.

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Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Via is the arrangement of different layers to make up a PCB. It involves determining the number of layers, their order, and the materials used for each layer. PCB Via is a plated hole in a circuit board that connects different layers of the board, allowing electrical signals and power to pass between them. They serve as electrical connections between different circuit board layers and help in efficiently routing signals and power. This article provides an in-depth understanding of PCB vias, discussing their types, design considerations, advanced Via technologies,

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30

MULDASHEVA, G. K., I. V. ZLOBINA, and N. V. BEKRENEV. "EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC DRILLING ON THE SURFACE QUALITY OF HOLES IN STRUCTURAL CARBON FIBER." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(279) (September 2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2023-8-279-31-33.

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The article describes the results of a study of the surface morphology of small-diameter through and blind holes obtained by ultrasonic drilling in structural carbon fiber. It is established that the message to the instrument of ultrasonic vibrations of small amplitude contributes to the formation of a uniform morphology of the surface of the holes without breaks, delaminations and shells. On the side surface of the holes treated with ultrasound, there are practically no pulled out and disoriented reinforcing fibers, which indicates an increase in the quality indicators of the dimensional proc

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31

Ueda, Mitsutoshi, and Shunsuke Norimatsu. "Dual Atmosphere Oxidation of Fe-9mass%Cr Alloy at 923 K Using Samples with Hydrogen Charged Palladium." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 14 (2024): 1596. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02141596mtgabs.

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Hydrogen have an effect on initial steam oxidation behavior of heat resistant steels and alloys. This effect can be observed clearly in dual atmosphere oxidation. Initial oxidation test in the dual atmosphere gives useful knowledge to clarify the hydrogen effect in steam oxidation. However, dual atmosphere oxidation tests are inapplicable to initial oxidation and include some technical difficulties in assembling and sealing. In contrast, in-situ observation using microscopes is one of the useful techniques to clarify particularly initial oxidation, whereas this technique is used only for small

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32

Yakovlev, V. A., and A. E. Tretyakov. "Development and analysis of tool design for precision blind holes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (May 28, 2020): 032089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/862/3/032089.

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33

Chen, Dong, Shi-bin Liu, Shi-min Yin, and Jin-tao Liang. "Light-addressable potentiometric sensor with the micro blind holes substrate." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 11, no. 1 (2017): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0175.

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34

Antonini, G., A. C. Scogna, and A. Orlandi. "S-parameters characterization of through, blind, and buried via holes." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2, no. 2 (2003): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2003.1217237.

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35

ZLOBIN, E. P., A. I. KHAIMOVICH, E. S. GONCHAROV, and A. V. BALYAKIN. "INVESTIGATION OF VIBRATION TREATMENT OF HOLES OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(279) (September 2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2023-8-279-14-18.

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The article considers the possibility of using vibration treatment of blind holes in products obtained by the SLS method. The experimental results showed that the most effective treatment occurs when the hole diameter exceeds the size of the abrasive body by 1-2 mm, but does not exceed it by 2 times. It was also noted that the rounding of the edge of the hole with a size not exceeding the nominal value of the abrasive occurs faster than that of a hole with a larger size. The time of rough processing of stainless steel products should not exceed 4 hours, while the most effective processing occu

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36

Yang, Jian Dong, Chuang Liu, and Hui Yan. "Lapping Tool Wearing Uniformly in Machining Blind Hole of Workpiece in Manufacturing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.310.

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This paper proposes a new method of controlling abrasives density distribution on the machining surface of a lapping tool making full use of controllability of abrasives density distribution in solid abrasive lapping, based on the present actual problems in solid abrasive lapping blind holes in manufacturing process. This method makes the abrasives density distribution on the lapping tool surface fit the wear intensity distribution of lapping tool, which makes the lapping tool wear uniformly in this manufacturing process, does not lose its original surface accuracy, ensures shape accuracy of t

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37

Schafer, Soren, Catherin Gemmel, Sarah Kajari-Schroder, and Rolf Brendel. "Light Trapping and Surface Passivation of Micron-Scaled Macroporous Blind Holes." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 6, no. 2 (2016): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2015.2505179.

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38

Goiogana, M., J. A. Sarasua, and J. M. Ramos. "Ultrasonic Assisted Electrical Discharge Machining for High Aspect Ratio Blind Holes." Procedia CIRP 68 (2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.12.026.

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39

Berdiyorov, G. R., M. V. Milošević, and F. M. Peeters. "Composite vortex ordering in superconducting films with arrays of blind holes." New Journal of Physics 11, no. 1 (2009): 013025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/1/013025.

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40

Teng, Guoyang, Xiaojun Zhou, Chenlong Yang, and Xiang Zeng. "A Nonlinear Method for Characterizing Discrete Defects in Thick Multilayer Composites." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061183.

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Discrete defects in thick composites are difficult to detect for the small size and the structure noise that appears in multilayer composites. In this paper, a nonlinear method, called recurrence analysis, has been used for characterizing discrete defects in thick section Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with complex lay-up. A 10 mm thick CFRP specimen with nearly zero porosity was selected, and blind holes with different diameters were artificially constructed in the specimen. The second half of the backscattered signal was analyzed by recurrence analysis for areas with or without a def

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41

Feng, Liuhaodong, Shuwen Zeng, Yongquan Su, et al. "Process Optimization and Performance Evaluation of TSV Arrays for High Voltage Application." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010102.

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In order to obtain high-quality through-silicon via (TSV) arrays for high voltage applications, we optimized the fabrication processes of the Si holes, evaluated the dielectric layers, carried out hole filling by Cu plating, and detected the final structure and electric properties of the TSVs. The Si through-hole array was fabricated in an 8-inch Si substrate as follows: First, a blind Si hole array was formed by the Si deep reactive etching (DRIE) technique using the Bosch process, but with the largest width of the top scallops reduced to 540 nm and the largest notch elimidiameternated by bac

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42

RONDEROS, MARÍA M., CARLA G. CAZORLA, and GUSTAVO R. SPINELLI. "The immature stages of the biting midge Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." Zootaxa 2716, no. 1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2716.1.3.

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The fourth instar larva and pupa of Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913 are described, illustrated, and photomicrographed from material collected in tree-holes of Salix sp. in Entre Rios Province, Argentina by using binocular, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of instars I–IV are also presented. The larva shows features typical to carnivorous-predatory larvae, as well as characters typical of larvae occurring in tree holes and clean water. Details on larval biology, habitat, and feeding behavior are given.

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43

Zakhir, Zharfan, and Halim Maulana. "Smart Blind Stick Design Using HC-SR04 Sensor and ESP 32 Based Water Level Sensor to Improve the Mobility of Blind Persons." Tsabit Journal of Computer Science 1, no. 2 (2025): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.56211/tsabit32.

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Blind people in Indonesia, who are estimated to number around 3.75 million people, face major challenges in their daily mobility. In the era of technology 4.0, various innovations have been developed to help them, including the use of walking aids such as smart blind sticks. This research aims to design and build a smart blind stick based on the ESP32 microcontroller, which is equipped with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and water level sensor to detect holes and puddles of water, as well as a vibration module and speaker to provide warnings. The research method used is the prototyping method, w

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44

Li, Yintong. "Comparison of Different Types of Black Holes." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 38 (March 16, 2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v38i.5696.

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With the deeper exploration on black hole, more and more categories of black holes are defined by astronomers and physicists. The article will discuss the differences in detection and process of accretion between the binary black holes and isolated black holes through analysing previous researches on black holes. To search for binary black holes, whose companion may be luminous, classical methods include spectrum test and calculation of the operation of binary star system are applied. On the other hand, the state-or-art facilities HST are used to detect them based on gravitational lens effect.

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Xu, Hao, and Zhen-Ming Xu. "Maxwell’s equal area law for Lovelock thermodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 04 (2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500377.

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We present the construction of Maxwell’s equal area law for the Guass–Bonnet AdS black holes in [Formula: see text] and third-order Lovelock AdS black holes in [Formula: see text]. The equal area law can be used to find the number and location of the points of intersection in the plots of Gibbs free energy, so that we can get the thermodynamically preferred solution which corresponds to the first-order phase transition. We obtain the radius of the small and large black holes in the phase transition which share the same Gibbs free energy. The case with two critical points is explored in much mo

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Zhu, Li, Chunxiao Fan, Huarui Wu, and Zhigang Wen. "A Coverage Algorithm based on Key Node Scheduling." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 11, no. 9 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v11i9.5068.

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Network coverage rate is a key standard of measuring the quality of network coverage. This thesis aims at solving the differences between node energy and task, which causes coverage holes and blind spots of Wireless Sensor Network, and proposes a coverage algorithm, based on key node scheduling, divides node subsets, and adjusts the states of individual nodes according to node energy and coverage rate. This algorithm ensures network connectivity while reducing coverage holes and redundancy. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce failure nodes, energy consum

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Carlo Atienza, Rey Ferdinand Arcelo, Ghea Buenconsejo, Arwin Visitacion, Ma. Gemel Palconit, and Jun-Jun Obiso. "A Wearable Electronic Guidance System for the Blind Person." Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (JSET) 6, no. 1 (2018): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/bj0jbq67.

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The sense of vision is essential in life. Blind persons have difficulties navigating both indoors and outdoors. A cane is a very important tool for them. However, using conventional cane is quite hazardous and time-consuming. To navigate safely and successfully, they need a device that is more than just an ordinary cane. In this study, an electronic guidance system that is equipped with both Global Systems for Mobile (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) features had been designed and evaluated. The system is capable of alerting the user of the presence of nearby obstacles along the naviga

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Bannantine, John P., and Luiz E. Bermudez. "No Holes Barred: Invasion of the Intestinal Mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 11 (2013): 3960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00575-13.

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ABSTRACTThe infection biology ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosishas recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. The involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. Mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for invasion. The host cell types that are susceptible to invasion have been defined, along with their transcriptional response. Recent details have given a new appreciation for the dynamic interplay between t

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E. Farag, Heba, Ehsan Toyserkani, and Mir Behrad Khamesee. "Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145440.

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In this study, different eddy-current based probe designs (absolute and commercial reflection) are used to detect artificial defects with different sizes and at different depths in parts composed of stainless-steel (316) and titanium (TI-64) made by Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM). The measured defect signal value using the probes is in the range of (20–200) millivolts. Both probes can detect subsurface defects on stainless-steel samples with average surface roughness of 11.6 µm and titanium samples with average surface roughness of 8.7 µm. It is found the signal reading can be improved by

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Brandelet, A., Y. Brihaye, T. Delsate, and L. Ducobu. "Nutty black holes in Galileon scalar-tensor gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 32 (2018): 1850189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18501890.

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Einstein gravity supplemented by a scalar field nonminimally coupled to a Gauss–Bonnet term provides an example of model of scalar-tensor gravity where hairy black holes do exist. We consider the classical equations within a metric endowed with a NUT-charge and obtain a two-parameter family of nutty-hairy black holes. The pattern of these solutions in the exterior and the interior of their horizon is studied in some details. The influence of both — the hairs and the NUT-charge — on the lightlike and timelike geodesics is emphasized.

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