Academic literature on the topic 'Details of economic loans'

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Journal articles on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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ALI DHYAA HUSSIN ALSHAMMARI. "Legal framework for foreign debt of countries." Al-Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 20, no. 2 (2024): 838–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36325/ghjec.v20i2.16546.

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Foreign loans have distinct provisions regarding their legal nature, foreign loans are different than sources of international financing such as foreign investment, and foreign aid. Moreover, foreign loans differ from internal loans, including interest rates, borrowing conditions, loan donors, and other factors. The paper focuses on the idea that an international debt contract takes many forms such as an international treaty, it needs to a treaty requires the fulfillment of specific formal and substantive conditions to acquire its international legal status. The research problem revolves aroun
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Suhartono, Suhartono, and Achmad Tjahjono. "ANALISIS KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DENGAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARI’AH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA PERIODE 2013-2017." Kajian Bisnis STIE Widya Wiwaha 27, no. 2 (2019): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jkb.v27i2.350.

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The purpose of this study is: to test whether there are differences in financial performance between Savings and Loans Cooperatives and Sharia Financing (KSPPS) and Conventional Savings and Loans Cooperatives (KSP) by comparing 5 (five) variables, namely: Liquidity, Solvency, Economic Rentability, Asset Growth , and Member Growth. This study uses secondary data with a total of 10 (ten) Cooperatives with details of 5 (five) Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Shari’ah Financing (KSPPS) and Conventional Savings and Loans Cooperatives (KSP) of 5 (five) with observation periods between 2013 - 2017.
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Suhartono, Suhartono, and Achmad Tjahjono. "ANALISIS KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DENGAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARI’AH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA PERIODE 2013-2017." Kajian Bisnis Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha 27, no. 2 (2019): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jkb.v27i2.64.

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The purpose of this study is: to test whether there are differences in financial performance between Savings and Loans Cooperatives and Sharia Financing(KSPPS) and Conventional Savings and Loans Cooperatives (KSP) by comparing 5 (five) variables, namely: Liquidity, Solvency, Economic Rentability,Asset Growth , and Member Growth. This study uses secondary data with a total of 10 (ten) Cooperatives with details of 5 (five) Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Shari’ah Financing (KSPPS) and Conventional Savings and Loans Cooperatives (KSP) of 5 (five) with observation periods between 2013 - 2017. Th
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M. Pinto, João. "What is project finance?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 1 (2017): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(1-1).2017.06.

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Project finance is the process of financing a specific economic unit that the sponsors create, in which creditors share much of the venture’s business risk and funding is obtained strictly for the project itself. Project finance creates value by reducing the costs of funding, maintaining the sponsors financial flexibility, increasing the leverage ratios, avoiding contamination risk, reducing corporate taxes, improving risk management, and reducing the costs associated with market imperfections. However, project finance transactions are complex undertakings, they have higher costs of borrowing
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Christodoulou-Volos, Christos. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Cyprus: An Empirical Analysis of Macroeconomic and Borrower-Specific Factors." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 15, no. 1 (2024): 190–201. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.17398.

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This study empirically investigates the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) within the Cypriot banking sector by employing Pearson’s correlation analysis and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations. Utilizing a sample of 200 NPLs granted to individuals by a Cypriot banking institution from 2013 to 2019, the study examines both macroeconomic and borrower-specific factors influencing NPLs. The findings reveal significant associations between borrower profile characteristics - such as gender, age, education level, professional and financial standing, and place of residence - and l
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Archana., M., and Kawale Laxman. "Socio-economic Conditions of Female Beauticians in Kalaburagi District." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 4, no. 2 (2019): 954–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2596054.

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After globalization, there is increase in different professions and occupations especially for females. Of these professions, beautician profession is significant as females can manage beauty parlour at their homes or at the shops. It requires lower investment for females and it is suited for middle class females. Even there are different Government schemes which provide financial assistance, loans, etc to the self-employed females. Hence, to assess the growth prospects of female beauticians in their profession, the present study is made in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka. 125 female beautici
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Garland, Shannon. "Music, Phones and Bank Loans." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 7, no. 2 (2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.10298.

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This article explores the making of two branded Spotify playlists to critique the concept of ‘affective labor.’ Over the last few decades, scholars have argued that social media users and creative industries workers alike are engaged in a new type of labor, affective labor, which generates economic value for companies. The article challenges this framing. Drawing on Marxist concepts of productive and unproductive labor, in addition to feminist social reproduction theory, it details playlists made for Motorola phones and Itaú bank by paid contractors. The article situates the role of these play
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T. Yussuph, Toyyibat. "Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithm to Enable Access to Credit for Small Businesses in the United States of America." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 13, no. 1 (2024): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2024.130105.

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The research centers on the essential function of loans in driving economic expansion and the intrinsic danger of loan defaults. Small businesses play a crucial role in generating employment and fostering economic growth, highlighting the significance of precise loan eligibility evaluations. The Small Business Administration's (SBA) 7(a) loan program seeks to assist small businesses by providing loan guarantees to mitigate risks for financial institutions (Mini et al., 2018). The study utilizes sophisticated machine learning methods, particularly the Random Forest and XGBoost algorithms, to fo
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Zheng, Yangyang, Jianhong Lou, Linfeng Mei, and Yushuang Lin. "Research on Digital Credit Behavior of Farmers’ Cooperatives—A Grounded Theory Analysis Based on the “6C” Family Model." Agriculture 13, no. 8 (2023): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081597.

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As the main demand side of rural financial services, farmers’ cooperatives are an important part of China’s rural finance. However, due to the lack of effective collateral, farmers’ cooperatives have problems such as difficulty in obtaining loans or expensive loans, which not only hinder the high-quality development of farmers’ cooperatives, but also limit the development of regional rural finance. Digital credit as a new financing model can effectively alleviate the problems of difficult and expensive loans and has received wide attention from the government and academia. Based on this, this
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Basheer, Adil, Akeel Salim, and Israa Kateh. "The role of periodic financial reports in reducing credit risks in Iraqi commercial banks." Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 15, no. 47 (2023): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1547.15.

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Commercial banks seek to achieve their strategic goals and the lowest possible credit risks through the quality of financial reports, and what is meant here by quality are reports (comprehensive and detailed disclosure of all details of credit risks), as these reports give those banks reliability in their professional performance and are an effective control tool in reducing those Risks The main function of banks is the process of granting loans, which is considered the most profitable banking operation, and at the same time, banks must maintain a sufficient liquidity ratio to manage other ban
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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Barkley, David L., and Peter E. Helander. "The Role of Commercial Bank Loans in Nonmetropolitan Economic Development." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602137.

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Vemuri, Avinash. "Dissecting Sino-African Economic Relations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2108.

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In the last 15 years, China has greatly expanded their economic integration with Africa through a multi-dimensional approach. This paper utilizes a fixed effects approach to formally assess the impact of Chinese trade, foreign direct investment, loans, construction and engineering contracts, and labor in Africa on economic growth and human development in 50 African countries. This paper combines data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), China-Africa Research Initiative (CARI) at John’s Hopkins University, and the UN Human Development Report (HDI) covering the years 2003 to 2
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Tian, Zhimin. "Essays on economic consequences of inside director reputation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/62.

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This study consists of two essays. The first essay investigates whether non-CEO inside director reputation matters in bank loan contracting. Reputable inside directors (RIDs) can improve borrowers’ financial reporting quality and reduce agency risk in loan contracting. Based on regression analysis of 5,104 loan facilities during 1999-2007 in the U.S., I find that borrowers with reputable inside directors enjoy lower loan interest rate and a smaller number of restrictive covenants, and are less likely to have the loans secured by collateral, compared with borrowers without RIDs. The results sti
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Tasic, Nikola. "Financial intermediation and economic growth bank credit maturity and Its determinants /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302007-000122/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Neven T. Valev, committee chair; Sally Wallace, Vassil T. Mihov, Felix K. Rioja, Shiferaw Gurmu, committee members. Electronic text (105 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 19, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-104).
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Arala, Ibrahim Olusegun. "THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL LOANS ON AGRICULTURAL GDP IN NIGERIA." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2676.

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Previous studies have shown a significant and positive relationship between agricultural output and long run economic development. Nigeria, with current extreme poverty rate of 48% is also characterized with high level of food insecurity. The country however, has about 99 million ha of arable land which supports numerous farming activities. Therefore, there exist an opportunity to increase agricultural output and achieve economic development. Further studies also showed that the percentage of agricultural loans to total loans in Nigeria have been declining over the last 15 years which suggests
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Biery-Hamilton, Gay Maurene. "Economic strategies and changing environmental systems in a Brazilian Amazon community." Gainesville, FL, 1994. http://www.archive.org/details/economicstrategi00bier.

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Petkov, Ivan. "Essays on Local Determinants of Economic Growth." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106789.

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Thesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli<br>The fundamental concept unifying this thesis is that outcomes at small geographical units can shed light on key economic questions of interest for both macroeconomics and finance. Some of the questions I explore in my work include whether bank networks facilitate access to financial capital by small businesses in the US, whether lending to small businesses is important for short-term economic growth, and whether different cultural and institutional endowments improve economic outcomes in the long run.\\ Small Business Lending and the Bank-Branch Network:
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Mills, Paul Spencer. "Should interest exist? : non-usurious finance in economic thought, theory and practice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275241.

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Horowitz, Marvin J. "Economic determinants of residential mortgage choice." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/827.

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Variable rate mortgages (VRMs) have been introduced into the mortgage market as a means of addressing the housing finance problems encountered over the past two decades. To learn more about the demand for VRMs, this study analyzes borrower choice behavior and its economic determinants. In order to estimate the probability of borrowers choosing VRMs rather than conventional fixed rate mortgages, discrete choice (logit) models are specified and validated for both cross-section and pooled time-series cross-section data samples. These samples contain mortgage application information for the years
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Abdo, Dina Taha Hussien. "Effects of IMF Conditional Loans on Gender Equality." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu162086139444451.

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Books on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Oversight of the financial rescue program: A new plan for the TARP : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, on Treasury's plans for the use of TARP funds, details of the plan, and recent commitments expressed by the administration regarding foreclosure prevention, increasing lending to Main Street, and protecting taxpayers while improving transparency and accountability, February 10, 2009. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Singh, Sukumar. Aids & loans as political weapon. Multi Book Agency, 1991.

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Singh, Sukumar. Aids & loans as political weapon. Multi Book Agency, 1991.

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Sean, Connolly. International aid and loans. Franklin Watts, 2010.

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Fischer, Stanley. Economic development and the debt crisis. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1988.

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United States. Small Business Administration. Disaster Assistance Division, ed. Economic injury disaster loans for small businesses. U.S. Small Business Administration, 1986.

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Altunbas, Yener. Developing country economic structure and the pricing of syndicated credits. Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Dept., 2003.

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Office, Northern Ireland Audit. Repayment of community regeneration loans. Stationery Office, 2002.

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Sean, Connolly. International aid and loans. Smart Apple Media, 2011.

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Butrick, John. About a small open economy. York University, Dept. of Economics, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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Åslund, Anders, and Torbjörn Becker. "A European Marshall Plan for Ukraine on the Way to the EU." In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_10.

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AbstractThis chapter details a plan for the reconstruction of Ukraine with the aim of the country one day becoming a full member of the EU. When the war is over the EU must be ready to help Ukraine build new and better for a future in the union. Every day that the war continues, the enormous cost of reconstruction increases. Ukraine will need extensive support which the authors argue should be handled by an EU agency that coordinates donors in a close dialogue with the Ukrainian government on goals and processes. Other important principles of reconstruction are that aid should arrive quickly,
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Altunbaş, Yener, Blaise Gadanecz, and Alper Kara. "Borrower-Country Economic Structure and the Pricing of Syndicated Loans." In Syndicated Loans. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597235_4.

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Owens, W. R., P. N. Furbank, and John McVeagh. "An Essay upon Loans." In The Political and Economic Writings of Daniel Defoe Vol 6. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003553007-4.

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Şendeniz-Yüncü, İlkay. "Impact of Nonresident Bank Loans on Economic Activity." In Global Economic Challenges. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23416-3_9.

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Liu, Qiugen. "Loans and interest rates in traditional China." In European and Chinese Histories of Economic Thought. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367434496-8.

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Marat, Uraimov. "China’s Emerging Political and Economic Dominance in the OSCE Region." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_5.

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AbstractThe presence of China in the OSCE region is becoming resilient, particularly after Beijing began providing infrastructural loans to OSCE states. The size of the issued infrastructural loans in less developed economies is disproportionate to national economies, resulting in the borrowing countries becoming incapable of paying back the loans. In this chapter, I argue that China’s practices of infrastructural loans and China’s overall standing on minority issues and democratization contradicts the OSCE core principles and undermines OSCE integrity. To illustrate this, I use, first, the ex
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Sakurai, Hiroaki. "Foreign Aid Loans and Economic Growth in Thailand." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2482-7_4.

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Parduzi, Ardi, Arbenita Bllaca Kllokoqi, and Jeton Mazllami. "The Role of Bank Loans to Agriculture Entities in Kosovo." In Economic Recovery, Consolidation, and Sustainable Growth. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42511-0_24.

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Walter, Thomas. "Background for the Empirical Analyses: Institutional Details and Data." In ZEW Economic Studies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2870-2_2.

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Sarma, Sreeramula Rajeswara, and Takanori Kusuba. "Loans and Interest in Sanskrit Legal and Mathematical Texts." In Mathematics, Administrative and Economic Activities in Ancient Worlds. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48389-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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Hamza, Ameer, and Rakan M. Samman. "Material Selection and Process Control in Tail Gas Treating Unit (TGTU)." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19397.

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Abstract TGTU is one of the most versatile units in sulphur complex that will help in achieving sulphur recovery up to 99.9% and reduce the SO2 emission to the atmosphere. This units usually consist of various equipment and piping which are typically made in carbon steel and stainless-steel metallurgy. The material of construction made of carbon steel are seriously getting impacted due to unpredictable upset from the upstream unit (SRU-Sulphur Recovery Unit). This upset is uncontrollable and will result in various damages to the carbon steel components in the form of fouling, pitting, thinning
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Burger, E. D. "Economic Analysis Program for Downhole Corrosion Mitigation." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92274.

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Abstract A PC-based spreadsheet program, developed to evaluate the economics for implementation of technically feasible downhole corrosion mitigation options, is described. While the program was initially utilized to study options for wells in the Eastern Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay Field, it can be utilized to analyze any oil or gas producing well. Details concerning the program's methodology for calculating economics, generalized assumptions made, and example calculations are given. The program requires knowledge of tubular (low alloy and/or corrosion resistant alloy), wellhead/tree, w
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Karadjova, Vera, Aleksandar Trajkov, and Danijela Miloshoska. "Factors influencing total credit issuance to individuals: The role of economic indicators and cost of living." In Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship 2024. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/eee24030k.

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This study conducts a detailed regression analysis to explore the determinants of total credits extended to individuals in N. Macedonia over the period from December 2010 to May 2024. The dependent variable, total credits, is analyzed in relation to several independent economic indicators: the minimum union basket, COICOP-based inflation, COICOP cost of living indexes, and weighted interest rates on deposits and loans. The minimum union basket is examined for its influence on credit demand by reflecting the basic living standards required for wage negotiations. COICOP-based inflation provides
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"Do Real Estate Loans Affect Economic Activity?" In 14th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2007. ERES, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2007_337.

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Liu, Paulo, Yugbhai Patel, Muhammad Younas, and Ram Seetharam. "Repurposing Typical GOM Platforms for Wind Power and Hydrogen Generation - Design and Economics." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4043/35964-ms.

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Abstract The ROICE (Repurposing Offshore Infrastructure for Clean Energy) Program at the University of Houston (UH) carries out studies on the design and economics of repurposing offshore platforms for wind power and wind to hydrogen projects. Here, findings on wind power and hydrogen project design for repurposing typical GOM platforms are presented, including decommissioning and topsides change out strategies, guidelines for placement of modules, and resulting project costs and paths to profitability. The ROICE program is taking a phased approach on the feasibility of repurposing offshore pl
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Đuranović, Gordana, and Sanja Filipović. "THE IMPACT OF PROBLEMATIC LOANS ON THE BANKING COMPETITIVENESS – case study of OTP group." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0009.

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Credit risk as a risk in basic, traditional, and most important banking business – the bank loan, is one of the biggest financial risks, considering that borrowers (debtors) defaults, directly affect the bank’s financial result and capital, and thus its competitiveness in the market. The impact of problematic loans on banking operations will be discussed for 2019-2021 on the example of OTP banking Group operating in 11 countries, to find out if there is a relation between NPL volume and the banking competitiveness. A comparative analysis method has been applied, comparing the profit, the NPL r
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Mohammed Maher, Assad Hamdy, and Lina Muafaq Fatih. "Non-performing loans and their implications for the profitability of a sample of commercial banks in Iraq for the period 2010-2020." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/2.

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" Most commercial banks face the problem of defaulting on their loans, and this problem has received great attention from officials in the banking sector, and its expansion is due to a number of economic, social and political factors .... etc., so the research came to shed light on the reality of non-performing loans in banks. commercial banks in Iraq, and revealing the relationship between non-performing loans and the profitability of commercial banks, the research sample for the period 2010-2020. The method of cross-sectional time-series data (Panel Data), or the so-called longitudinal "
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Hamdy Mohammed Maher, Assad, and Lina Muafaq Fatih. "Non-performing loans and their implications for the profitability of a sample of commercial banks in Iraq for the period 2010-2020." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/2.

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" Most commercial banks face the problem of defaulting on their loans, and this problem has received great attention from officials in the banking sector, and its expansion is due to a number of economic, social and political factors .... etc., so the research came to shed light on the reality of non-performing loans in banks. commercial banks in Iraq, and revealing the relationship between non-performing loans and the profitability of commercial banks, the research sample for the period 2010-2020. The method of cross-sectional time-series data (Panel Data), or the so-called longitudinal "
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IONESCU, Eduard, and Octav NEGURIȚĂ. "The Evolution of Refinancing Loans Sector within the Economic Growth." In The 4th International Conference on Economic Sciences and Business Administration. Fundatia Romania de Maine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/v4.i1.25.

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"Housing loans and economic trends: An empirical analysis for Turkey." In 19th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2012. ERES, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2012_103.

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Reports on the topic "Details of economic loans"

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Murshid, K. A. S. Food Security in an Asian Transitional Economy: The Cambodian Experience. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 1998. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.06.199812.

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This working paper details the results of a study carried out from 1996 to 1997 of 244 households in three villages selected for their contrasting characteristics. One is in a rice surplus area of Prey Veng province; the second, in Kompong Speu province, is in a drought-prone area subject to violent fluctuations in rice production; the third, on the banks of the Mekong River in Kandal province, is primarily a fishing village, but with rice and reed production as additional sources of employment and income. The study therefore covers a range of agroecological and socio-economic conditions repre
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Brun, Matthieu. Impact assessment of Bpifrance’s financial support to SMEs’ innovation projects. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.555.

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This paper evaluates the economic impact of Bpifrance’s financial programmes to support SMEs’ Research, Development and Innovation (RDI), called individual aid for innovation (IA). It focuses on the analysis of subsidies and zero-interest loans granted to SMEs over three years old during the period 2005-2018 in order to foster their RDI activity (R&amp;D expenses and spending related to the development of innovative products, processes or services) and economic growth (turnover, employment). We use a difference-in-differences methodology combined with a propensity score matching procedure to c
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Stermieri, Lidia, Tom Kober, Russell McKenna, Thomas J. Schmidt, and Evangelos Panos. Socio-economic energy model for digitalization (SEED) overview design concept and details (ODD) protocol. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:56617.

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The Socio-Economic Energy Model for Digitalization (SEED) quantifies digitalization's impacts on technology investment choices, energy consumption, and emissions in different energy sectors. It belongs to the class of Agent Based Models and simulates the decision processes of various heterogenous actors of the energy system: households, services sectors and industry sectors. These decision processes relate to the adoption of digital services and practices, as well as the investment in end-use energy technologies to support them. The model represents a large set of complex interactions between
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Gamba-Santamaria, Santiago, Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia, and Camilo Orozco-Vanegas. What can credit vintages tell us about non-performing loans? Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1154.

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Using Colombian credit vintage data, we decompose the non-performing loans into one component that captures the evolution of the payment capacity of borrowers, and other component that captures changes in the credit risk taken by the financial system at the time of loan disbursement. We use intrinsic estimators and penalized regression techniques to overcome the perfect multicollinearity problem that the model entails. We find that these two type of components have evolved differently over time, and that good economic conditions and loose financial conditions improve the payment capacity of bo
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Parrado, Eric, Maikol Cerda, Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, and Ana María Montoya. Research Insights: Did Government-Guaranteed Loans Help MSMEs Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic Shock? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005289.

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Using Chile and Colombia as case studies, we conducted two randomized controlled trials to test how government-guaranteed loans during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted firms liquidity and earnings. COVID-19 loans improved total liquidity of treated micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by 15.7%. The increase in short-term liquidity may have had a positive impact on MSMEs economic performance during the pandemics economic deterioration.
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Chen, Jinqiang, and Bolormaa Luvsandorj. Rebuilding Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises Post-COVID-19 in Mongolia. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230408-2.

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This brief looks at how projects to build entrepreneurial capacity and improve access to finance and equipment can strengthen the resilience of Mongolia’s micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). It details how MSMEs, which account for around 70% of Mongolia’s employment, suffered financially during the COVID-19 pandemic and shares feedback from needs assessments, capacity building, and equipment provision programs. It recommends future programs focus on improving access to loans, offer e-commerce and digital marketing training, and support the growth of local cooperatives to bolste
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Cabrera, Maria, Felipe Vargas, Juan Felipe Murcia, et al. Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB Group's Work through Financial Intermediaries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010617.

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This document describes OVE's approach to evaluating the work of IDB Group (IDBG) through financial intermediaries (FIs). In OVE's 2015-2016 Work Program and Budget (RE-479-1), the IDB's Board of Executive Directors requested OVE to conduct an evaluation of "financial sector credit lines supported by the IDB Group, including both SG and NSG loans." This document details OVE's approach to this evaluation and seeks to focus the work on the key questions relevant to IDBG and its Board. It also affords OVE the opportunity to collect additional guidance from the Board; as well as to keep Management
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Eslava, Marcela, Alessandro Maffioli, and Marcela Meléndez Arjona. Second-tier Government Banks and Access to Credit: Micro-Evidence from Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011364.

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Government-owned development banks have often been justified by the need to respond to financial market imperfections that hinder the establishment and growth of promising businesses, and as a result, stifle economic development more generally. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these banks in mitigating financial constraints is still lacking. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes the impact of Bancoldex, Colombia's publicly owned development bank, on access to credit. It uses a unique dataset that contains key characteristics of all loans issued to businesses in Colombia, including the
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Adjoa Maginnis, Rose, José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez, and Magdalena Belén Rochi Monagas. 2023 Yearbook of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53110/pfgk7750.

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The 2023 Yearbook of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) provides a comprehensive overview of the Committee's activities over the past year, highlighting its approach to advancing economic, social and cultural rights globally. The Yearbook details the Committee’s use of mechanisms such as Concluding Observations from State reviews, General Comments and decisions on Individual Communications to address a wide range of issues impacting economic, social and cultural rights. Through this analysis, the publication offers valuable insights into the Committee’s evolving prio
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Galindo, Arturo, Leopoldo Avellán, Tomás Gómez, and Giulia Lotti. The Cyclicality of Official Bilateral Lending: Which Cycle do Flows Follow? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004637.

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Using a large panel of official bilateral loan data for 111 borrowing countries and 78 lending countries between 1980 and 2020, this paper shows that international government borrowing from bilateral sources is acyclical with respect to the economic cycle of the borrower, but procyclical with respect to the cycle of the lending country. This holds in the case of loans both from advanced economies and from China, currently the largest supplier of official bilateral lending to the average developing country. We find this form of procyclicality most often among middle-income recipient countries a
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