Academic literature on the topic 'Detect economic crimes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Detect economic crimes"
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Moskaleva, E. G., and N. N. Podol'naya. "CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC CRIME." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 1 (2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-1-117-123.
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The article defines the consequences of economic crimes, summarizes the experience of theoretical and empirical studies of crime in the Russian economy, and presents the results of the author's research in this area. The interpretation of the concept of "economic crime" is characterized by legislative, departmental and research approaches. The authors argue that it is difficult to detect crimes in the economic sphere and the high level of latency of economic crime. Data from official statistics of Rosstat and the Prosecutor General's office of the Russian Federation were selected as the empirical base of the study. The research was carried out using methods of visual representation of data, research of dynamics, structure and analysis of relationships in the whole country and in the regional context. The study revealed the main trends in the situation from the point of view of criminalization and de-criminalization of the Russian economy, consisting in slowing down the reduction in the number of crimes in the economy in the Russian Federation. The study identifies regions with an increased level of economic crime and assesses the effectiveness of measures taken to counteract economic crime. The analysis made it possible to determine the directions of countering economic crime in Russia with the mandatory involvement of digital technologies.
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Moskaleva, E. G. "ECONOMIC CRIME IN RUSSIA: MAIN TRENDS AND FACTORS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (2020): 1726–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1726-1740.
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The article presents the results of studying the level of crime in the economic sphere in the country on the basis of official statistical information from Rosstat and the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. Economic crimes are difficult enough to detect, and the scale of latent economic crime is very large. In addition, the complexity of research in this area is due to the lack of precisely defined and unambiguously interpreted terms: “crimes in economic sphere”, “economic crimes”, “crime in economic field” or “crimes in the field of economic activity”. Summarizing the experience of theoretical and empirical research in this area, the author identifies three approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “economic crime”: legislative (based on the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), departmental and research. The consequences of economic crimes inflict irreparable harm on economic entities, society, the state as a whole, and undermine national security. The systematization of statistical data and the research carried out over a long period of time made it possible to identify the main trends in the situation from the standpoint of criminalization and decriminalization of the Russian economy, as well as to identify regions with an increased level of economic crime. The criminological analysis of crime in the sphere of economic activity has shown that there is an increase in negative trends, and with the development of the economy, it is necessary to strengthen activities to suppress economic crime. The statistical analysis of empirical data and monographic analysis made it possible to determine the most effective, in the author’s opinion, directions of combating economic crime in the modern world.
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Ocansey, Evans O. N. D. "Forensic Accounting and the Combating of Economic and Financial Crimes in Ghana." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 31 (2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n31p379.
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Economic and financial crimes have plagued every corner of the economies of the world. These crimes affect all firms and the economies of nations (developed, developing and under-developed). Continuous research confirmed a strong demand for the need of the prevention and detection of these crimes by institutions and nations. However, economic and financial crimes are difficult to detect and most of those detected are not reported for the fear of bad publicity and loss of investor confidence. Forensic accountants are perceived to have the training and skills needed to combat economic and financial crimes. Therefore, the research examined the relevance of forensic accounting technique application in the combating of these crimes in Ghana. The research employed survey research design by sampling all the technical officers (66) of Economic and Organized Crime Office of Ghana and data was analyzed through a regression model. It was found that, the application of forensic accounting technique has significant impact on the combating of economic and financial crimes in Ghana. Therefore, all institutions (anti-corruption agencies and companies) should establish forensic accounting unit to help strengthen internal controls and ensure thorough investigation in order to prevent, deter and detect financial and economic crimes. Moreover, Institute of Chartered Accountants-Ghana and National Accreditation Board of Ghana should ensure that forensic accounting courses are included in the academic and professional curricula of Ghana Universities and professional institutions to ensure the training and increase the awareness of forensic accounting in Ghana.
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Sandagiri, Chamith, Banage T. G. S. Kumara, and Banujan Kuhaneswaran. "Deep Neural Network-Based Crime Prediction Using Twitter Data." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 11, no. 1 (2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2021010102.
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Crimes have affected the quality of life and economic growth of the country badly. The authors can identify the crime patterns and predict the crimes by detecting and analyzing the historical data. However, some crimes are unregistered and unsolved due to a lack of evidence. Thus, detecting crimes is a still challenging task. Individuals can use social media like Twitter to detect crime-related activities. Because Twitter users sometimes convey messages related to their surrounding environment, this paper proposed a machine learning approach to predict crimes. The proposed framework consists of three modules: data (tweet) collecting, detecting crimes, and predicting crime. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model was used as a proposed approach for crime prediction. Experimental results found that by achieving the highest precision of 82.5%, precision of 86.4%, and recall of 80.4%, the proposed LSTM-based approach worked better than the other approaches.
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Vorobyova, Svetlana V. "Certain issues of combating customs crimes." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 18 (2021): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-18-281-295.
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We note that the complexity of modern relations between countries and the disrupted economic and political cooperation lead to the fact that the subjects of international economic relations are looking for new ways and forms of interaction within the framework of export-import trade, which do not always comply with the requirements of the law. We consider the issues of combating customs crimes, give the concept of customs crimes, identify issues that hinder the effective investigation and disclosure of customs crimes, suggest ways to solve them. We provide official statistics on these acts. We emphasize that the issue of combating customs crimes is more ur-gent than ever, due to the fact that the number of illegal acts in this area is growing every year and causes irreparable damage to the economic security of the state. We also reflect the role of customs authorities in the prevention and detection of crimes related to smuggling. We analyze the question of the presence of a set of crimes qualified under the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on smuggling. Conclusions: it is necessary to de-velop legislation in this area, improve the work of customs authorities, intro-duce new technologies to detect violations of customs legislation, develop strategies for the most effective investigation of this category of cases, im-prove the professional skills of employees, fight corruption-causing factors, which together will allow the most active fight against this type of crime, which in turn will significantly increase the welfare of the country and im-prove the climate of international economic cooperation between states.
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Nguyen, Duc Hanh, and Thi Mai Dinh. "Legal framework for wildlife farming benefits species conservation and preventing wildlife crimes in Vietnam." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017503025.
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Animal husbandry plays a certain role in economic growth of the agricultural sector. Compared with conventional husbandry, wildlife farming brings important, even many times greater economic benefits with certain species. At present, however, due to different objective and subjective factors, the raising of wild animals in Vietnam has not been adequately taken care of and faced several difficulties. The inadequate legal structure for wildlife farming has caused difficulties to farmers when finding breeding supplies and product output. In addition, wildlife criminals take advantage of agricultural operations to cover up their crimes, evade the detection and handle from the authorities. In order to contribute to promoting the development of agricultural economy in general, the economy of organizations and individuals participating in animal husbandry activities in particular, we aims at recognizing, examining and reviewing the existing legal system for wildlife-farming practices, crime situation and crime handling in Vietnam in recent years in this research. We will detect the difficulties, obstacles and inadequacies of the legal framework on wildlife farming, as well as the prevention and prosecution of wildlife crimes, propose strategies and guidelines for perfecting the law and appropriately implementing law provisions.
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Vera, José Carlos. "Instrumentos de análisis para identificar operaciones de lavado de dinero." Cuadernos de difusión 11, no. 21 (2006): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2006.v11n21.04.
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Money laundry is the process that hides the origin of resources obtained through illegal activities like drug traffi cking, smuggling, corruption, tax fraud, white-collar crimes, public misappropriation, extortion, illegal work, and, lately, terrorism. The resources are presented as coming from legal activities, and are freely traded in the fi nancial system. However, thanks to the ongoing efforts of international organisms, the countries have established regulations, institutions and organisms to fi ght this crime. In Peru, the entity created for this purpose is the Financial Intelligence Unit, and several legal provisions have been set forth in this regard. This document presents a methodology aimed at generating analysis instruments, indicators and procedures to allow fi nancial institutions to detect money laundry operations. The information used to generate said indicators is provided by INEI’s annual economic survey database, and the information to generate the analysis instrument comes from satellite accounts
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Yakovleva, Margarita, and Elena Marchenko. "Historical prerequisites for legal regulation of prevention crimes committed by the Internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 2 (2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-2-72-81.
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The relevance of crime prevention is that crime in today’s innovative society is an extremely dangerous phenomenon that has an adverse impact on the socio-economic status of each state, on individual citizens and their collective entities. This negative phenomenon also have a negative impact on the political «life» of the State: certain types of crimes have a pronounced anti-State character (terrorism, official deception, bribery, etc.). In this regard, there is no doubt about the special relevance of building an effective system of State response to any manifestations of crime, including a system of prevention by the Russian internal affairs agencies, research into the history of these relations. The subject of the study is a scientific analysis of the historical prerequisites of the genesis of the national legislation on the regulation of relations in the field of crime prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal peculiarities of crime prevention at various stages of legislation in this sphere before the modern stage development. The Methods of research are system analysis, historical, structural, logical, comparative scientific methods. The study highlights the historical stages of the genesis of national internal affairs agencies in relation to crime prevention activities. The results achieved include the analysis of sources of law in the field of crime prevention at each of the historical stages, the analysis of issues in the field of legislative development, and the identification of trends in each of the stages. It is noted that in modern conditions, in accordance with the current Russian legislation, in the system of state authorities whose activities are aimed at combating and preventing crimes, a special role is assigned to the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, headed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. It is this federal executive body that carries out the main range of activities to combat crime, organize preventive measures and prevent, detect and eradicate crime.
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Булгакова, Марина, and Marina Bulgakova. "Holding certain types of legal expertise in criminal cases related to illegal forestry." Services in Russia and abroad 9, no. 1 (2015): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11703.
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The article highlights the problem of illegal logging of forest plantations in Russia, the scientific and procedural component of the systematic work of the various organizations and agencies to develop mechanisms for combating crime in the forest industry, representing the author´s vision of a separate investigation of the type of environmental crime under the economic security of the state.
 The author notes that a variety of disorders related to forest management are not new types of offenses in the country. Even in the XIX century, the Russian Empire basic directions of state activity to prevent violations of forest law were enshrined in the Charter of the Forest, which listed offenses and crimes and defined punishment for their commission. The annual growth in the number of offenses detected by law enforcement agencies in terms of violations of forest law, entails the need to create the most effective ways to detect, capture and examinate evidence. In this examination of the scene, primary investigative actions must be paid special attention. It is, in our opinion, should be done at a high level, carefully and accurately, which would continue to form the evidence base to carry out a sufficient number of different examinations, including forensic botanical using dendrochronology methods. The conclusion of the forensic botanical examination may serve as confirmation of the legality of timber, as well as a means of quality control of products of wood.
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Nasir, Noorul Azwin Md, Hafiza Aishah Hashim, Noorshella Che Nawi, Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff, and Nur Athirah Mohd Aluwi. "Enhancing Financial Reporting Quality through Corporate Ethics Commitment: A Malaysian Review." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(72).
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A rising number of cases involving ethical misconduct within firms have of late received considerable attention in Malaysia. Despite the country's declaring having a strong corporate governance policy, strengthened through the Code of Ethics for Company Directors and Malaysia Code of Corporate Governance, the unethical practices and lack of integrity within firms remain an issue. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Malaysia conducted a survey in 2018, it was found that 41 percent of Malaysian registered companies were guilty of committing some forms of economic crimes, specifically business misconduct, asset misappropriation, bribery, and corruption. They added, the actual number may be higher due to many cases of ethical misconduct that typically go unreported. Furthermore, crimes of ethical misconduct in Malaysia have also increased by 28 percent in the last two years. It was revealed taht corporate culture was the most influential element in helping detect early warning signs of ethical misconduct within a firm. A KPMG 2019 report published in the subsequent year also suggested that an unhinged desire for a wealthy lifestyle acts as a prime motivation behind many of the unethical behaviors discovered. Thus, in the light of the increasingly worsening situation of ethical misconduct in Malaysian firms, the need to explore these corporate ethical issues has never become more crucial and appropriate. The ubiquitous nature of the issue has subsequently jeopardized the financial reporting quality of Malaysia's firms. Keywords: Corporate Ethics, Corporate Governance, Earnings Management, Financial Reporting Quality
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Detect economic crimes"
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Ahlm, Kristoffer. "IDENTIFIKATION AV RISKINDIKATORER I FINANSIELL INFORMATION MED HJÄLP AV AI/ML : Ökade möjligheter för myndigheter att förebygga ekonomisk brottslighet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184818.
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Ekonomisk brottslighet är mer lukrativt jämfört med annan brottslighet som narkotika, häleri och människohandel. Tidiga åtgärder som försvårar att kriminella kan använda företag för brottsliga syften gör att stora kostnader för samhället kan undvikas. En genomgång av litteraturen visade också att det finns stora brister i samarbetet mellan svenska myndigheter för att upptäcka grov ekonomisk brottslighet. Idag uppdagas brotten först ofta efter att en konkurs inletts. I studier har maskininlärningsmodeller prövats för att kunna upptäcka ekonomisk brottslighet och några svenska myndigheter använder maskininlärningsmodeller för att upptäcka brott men mer avancerade metoder används idag av danska myndigheter. Bolagsverket har idag ett omfattande register för bolag i Sverige och denna studie syftar till att undersöka om maskininlärning kan användas för att identifiera misstänkta bolag, genom att använda digitalt inlämnade årsredovisningar och information ur bolagsverkets register för att kunna träna klassificeringsmodeller att identifiera misstänkta bolag. För att träna modellen så har stämningsansökningar inhämtats från Ekobrottsmyndigheten som kunnat kopplas till specifika bolag av de inlämnade årsredovisningar. Principalkomponentanalys används för att visuellt visa på skillnader mellan grupperna misstänkta och icke misstänkta bolag och analyserna visade på ett överlapp mellan grupperna och ingen tydlig klustring av grupperna. Data var obalanserat med 38 misstänkta bolag av totalt 1009 bolag och därför användes översamplingstekniken SMOTE för att skapa mer syntetiskt data och för att öka antalet i gruppen misstänkta. Två maskininlärningsmodeller Random Forest och Stödvektormaskin (SVM) jämfördes i en 10 fold korsvalidering. Där båda uppvisade en recall på runt 0.91 men där Random Forest hade en mycket högre precision och med högre accuracy. Random Forest valdes och tränades på nytt och uppvisades en recall på 0.75 när den testades på osett data bestående av 8 misstänkta av 202 bolag. Ett sänkt tröskelvärde resulterade i en högre recall men med en större antal felklassificerade bolag. Studien visar tydligt problemet med obalans i data och de utmaningar man ställs inför med mindre data. Ett större data hade möjligjort ett strängare urval på brottstyper som hade kunnat ge en mer robust modell som skulle kunna användas av bolagsverket för att lättare kunna identifiera misstänkta bolag i deras register.<br>Economic crimes are more lucrative compared to other crimes as drugs, selling of stolen gods, trafficing. Early preventions that make it more difficult for criminals to use companies for criminal purposes can reduce large costs for sociaty. A litterature study showed that there are large weaknesses in the collaboration between Swedish authorities to detect serious economic crimes.Today most crimes among companies that commit fraud are found after a company has declared bancruptcy. In studies, machine learning models have been tested to detect economic crimes and some swedish authorites are now using machine learning methods to detect different crimes and more advanced methods are used by the danish authorites. Bolagsverket has a large register of companies in Sweden and the aim of this study is to investigate if machinelearning can be used to detect on annual reports that have been digitaly submited and information in Bolagsverket’s register to be able to train classificationsmodels and identify companies that are suspicious. To be able to train the model lawsuits have been collected from the Swedish Economic Crime Authority that can be connected to specific companies through their digitally submited annual report. Principal component analysis is used to visually show differences between the groups suspect companies and not suspected companies and the analysis show that there is an overlap between the groups and no clear clustering between the groups. Because the dataset was unbalanced with 38 suspicious companies out of 1009 companies the oversampling tecnique SMOTE was used to create more synthethic data and more suspects in the dataset. The two machinelearnings models Random Forest and support vector machine (SVM) was compared in a 10 fold crossvalidation. Both models showed a recall on around 0.91 but Random Forest had a much higher precision with a higher accuracy. Random Forest was chosen and was trained again and showed a recall on 0.75 when it was tested on unseen data with 8 suspects out of 202 companies. Lowering the treshold resulted in a higher recall but with a larger portion of wrongly classfied companies. The study shows clearly the problem with an unbalanced dataset and the challanges with a small dataset. A larger dataset could have made it possible to make a more selective selection of certain crimes that could have resulted in a more robust model that could be used by Bolagsverket to easier identify suspicous companies in their register.
Books on the topic "Detect economic crimes"
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Padgett, Simon. Profiling the Fraudster: Removing the Mask to Prevent and Detect Fraud. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Padgett, Simon. Profiling the Fraudster: Removing the Mask to Prevent and Detect Fraud. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Profiling The Fraudster: Removing the Mask to Prevent and Detect Fraud. Wiley, 2014.
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Morlino, Leonardo. Equality, Freedom, and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813873.001.0001.
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A democratic regime is assumed to implement freedom and equality as the two critical and most important values. The question we intend to address here is: how and why has the actual implementation of freedom and equality been changing in the 1990–2020 period? Researching this topic, we cannot ignore the impact of the Great Recession since 2008. Thus, in this comparative research, we analyse France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom to detect the changes. As expected, the six largest European democracies have been differently affected by the crisis, as they also had different background factors. We address an additional question: what is the impact of the European Union on the two democratic values? Accordingly, we analyse economic inequality, social inequality, and ethnic inequality with the related changing trends and explanations. We also detect and analyse the trend of freedoms, and especially personal dignity, civil rights, and political rights. Thus, the relative decline of equalities and freedoms in the six countries emerge in the different complex facets. We also explore the demand for equalities and freedoms by citizens and the political commitments of party leaders. The other issues we address include how and why, respectively, equalities and freedoms are affected by domestic aspects and the role of external factors, especially the European Union. By connecting equalities and freedoms and drawing the lines of entire research, we show how there are three different paths in the future of democracy: balanced democracy, protest democracy, and unaccountable democracy.
Book chapters on the topic "Detect economic crimes"
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Zuev, Sergey V. "Artificial Intelligence Internet Monitoring to Detect and Solve Crimes." In Digital Future Economic Growth, Social Adaptation, and Technological Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39797-5_61.
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Gupta, Rohan Prasad, and Bappaditya Biswas. "Banking Scams in India." In Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing in Global Financial Systems. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8758-4.ch013.
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In today's dynamic world, banking scams and frauds that are committed by willful defaulters are more technical and complex in nature. To tackle these crimes, banks need to improve their working system and technologies. In this chapter, cases of recent banking scams in India have been analyzed to find out the operational loopholes present in the system which led to such a crisis. Further, the measures taken by the Government of India to detect and prevent such scams have been discussed. On the basis of an in-depth study of the cases, researchers suggested certain feasible solutions to overcome such crises in the future. These recommendations shall prove useful to strengthen the banking sector, which is believed to be having considerable socio-economic significance to bring back confidence among the stakeholders and to safeguard the money of the masses.
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Shiffman, Gary M. "17. Economic Security." In Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198804109.003.0017.
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This chapter examines the concept of economic security as a framework for analysing and countering organized violence. It first provides a brief historical overview of the economic science of security and applies economic theory to Security Studies. Through various case studies, this approach allows the reader to understand how states leverage traditional economic tools to influence, alter, and deter another actor’s behaviour. The chapter considers three categories of organized violence: warfare, crime, and insurgency. It shows that the various decision makers involved in combating organized violence have different goals and face different constraints. It also describes five vectors of economic incentives: goals, resource constraints, institutional constraints, information, and time. Finally, it discusses four economic tools of security policy: sanctions, trade, finance, and aid.
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Shiffman, Gary M. "17. Economic Security." In Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708315.003.0017.
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This chapter examines the concept of economic security as a framework for analysing and countering organized violence. It first provides a brief historical overview of the economic science of security and applies economic theory to Security Studies. Through various case studies, this approach allows the reader to understand how states leverage traditional economic tools to influence, alter, and deter another actor’s behaviour. The chapter considers three categories of organized violence: warfare, crime, and insurgency. It shows that the various decision makers involved in combating organized violence have different goals and face different constraints. It also describes five vectors of economic incentives: goals, resource constraints, institutional constraints, information, and time. Finally, it discusses four economic tools of security policy: sanctions, trade, finance, and aid.
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Karakuş, Rıfat, Şeyma Yılmaz Küçük, and İbrahim Bozkurt. "Volatility Spillover Between Developed and Developing Markets During Crisis Period." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3767-0.ch012.
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The purpose of this chapter is to determine how the volatility spillover between developed and developing markets behaved during times of crisis. For this purpose, daily returns of indices from the Group of Seven countries and the fragile five countries between 2004 and 2016 are used. The volatility spillover between the markets is examined by the Lagrange multiplier-based causality-in-variance test. As a result of the study, it is determined that the volatility of emerging markets is less influenced by the developed markets in the crisis period than before the crisis and after the crisis. Furthermore, in the post-crisis period, an increase in the volatility spillover to the developed markets from the developing markets is detected.
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Vesan, Patrik, and Emmanuele Pavolini. "The Italian labour market policy reforms and the economic crisis: coming towards the end of Italian exceptionalism?" In Labour Market Policies in the Era of Pervasive Austerity. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335863.003.0004.
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The Italian labour market has been put under very strong pressure since the onset of the financial and economic crisis. After the 2011 sovereign debt crisis a new wave of reforms started in relation to labour market policies. Although it is not possible to detect a single trajectory of change in Italian labour market policies, we can observe an overall tendency toward a peculiar version of ‘welfare readjustment’, a pattern of reform in which governments curtail such policies as income or job protection for insiders, while adopting new social policies. This ‘readjustment process’ has been realised through the adoption of some provisions that favour ‘outsiders’ and, at the same time, the drastic retrenchment of labour rights for workers on open-ended contracts. As a result, the boundaries between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’ now appear more blurred than they were before the outbreak of the Great Recession.
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Ben Sassi, Salim, and Azza Bejaoui. "On the Impact of Long Memory on Market Risk." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3767-0.ch003.
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This chapter investigates the influence of the long memory behavior in returns and volatility on the market risk for four emerging stock markets during the pre- and post-crisis periods. In this respect, the authors consider four major political events (Tunisian revolution, Egyptian revolution, assassination of Prime Minister Rafik El Hariri, and a series of suicide bombings in Morocco). Using the modified R/S test and GPH test, they show the long memory property in returns and volatility over the two sub-periods. To explore the dual long memory property, the authors apply the joint ARFIMA–FIGARCH specification on the returns and volatility of the four emerging stock markets. The dual long memory property is prevalent in the returns and volatility of the emerging stock markets over the pre-crisis period. During the post-crisis period, the dual long memory process is only detected in the Moroccan market. The authors also display the dynamic behavior of VaR during the two sub-periods. In addition, based on the backtesting test, VaR performed better during the two sub-periods for all countries.
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Williams, Nick. "Returnee Entrepreneurship and Institutions." In The Diaspora and Returnee Entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190911874.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 sets out the importance of institutions for fostering entrepreneurship. It demonstrates that formal institutions, defined as rules and regulations, and informal institutions, defined as norms and values, change over time, and that the overall framework can either encourage or hold back entrepreneurship. The chapter builds on contemporary research on institutions to show that post-conflict economies being studied have seen significant change and have thus experienced a ‘path break’ due to the impacts of war and subsequent independence. They have then been required to create new institutional arrangements which seek to foster entrepreneurship and economic development. Importantly for economies which have experienced crisis and significant outward migration, institutions are important if the diaspora are to be attracted home. Weak institutional frameworks will deter return as individuals will weigh the differential risks and returns associated with their home and host countries. This will impact on not only the level of investment in the homeland, but also the types of entrepreneurial activities that are invested in and how they develop over time.
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Smith, Matthew R. "A comparative analysis of the criminal and civil justice systems in England and Wales." In Law in Popular Belief. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719097836.003.0006.
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This Chapter explores the current criminal and civil justice systems in England and Wales and compares their accessibility to the public, their value for money and their overall viability. The international credit crisis resulted in government cuts and streamlining has produced an appetite to reduce criminal and civil litigation. In the criminal justice system, fewer cases are prosecuted whilst in the civil justice system; there is a desire to deter litigation by a number of measures. This Chapter argues that this philosophy is detrimental to both systems resulting in the reduction of genuine litigation thereby rendering the accessibility to both systems difficult and unfair. Whilst their economic viability might appear to be sound, this Chapter maintains that overall they are not economically viable and there needs to be a fundamental change in philosophy and approach.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Smarter Electronics." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0019.
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It can be pretty dispiriting to go into an electronics shop shortly after you’ve bought yourself a new computer. Every month, you seem to get more computing power for the same money. And every year, the devices get smaller. The pace of progress is so intense that you’re out of date again within a few months. If you look back 10 years, the most advanced computers of the time now appear clumsy. Ten years from today, our current computers will no doubt seem ridiculously primitive, too. It may be frustrating, but that same rapid progress offers an important source of hope for humanity, as it will enable us to apply the power of computers to areas that have so far proved resistant. All sorts of pressing issues in health care and the global economy stand to benefit from the ever-decreasing price of electronics and the ability to pack more and more computing and communication power into a smaller space. That’s why electronics lies at the heart of many of the solutions we describe in the remainder of this book. The promise held out by electronics amounts to more than the wishful thinking of unworldly nerds laboring in dust-free labs to develop yet more powerful microchips. It is bound up with the nature of the new kind of problems we face. Electronics is proving increasingly important in complex situations that are difficult to control. A tiny oscillation in the earth’s interior, for instance, has the potential to induce an earthquake. It’s therefore vital that we install inexpensive devices around the globe that can pick up these early signals before they intensify, while there’s still time to warn the people in harm’s way. The same applies to many other complex contemporary issues. Powerful computers could routinely analyze masses of financial data to detect the next crisis in the making, and a few years from now, we may have computers powerful enough to identify tipping points in the climate. Rapid calculation, accurate measurement, and automatic control will give us a firmer grip on complex problems.
Conference papers on the topic "Detect economic crimes"
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Yılmaz, Durmuş. "Global Economy and Turkey: 2016 and Beyond." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01815.
Full textAbstract:
Irrespective of whether advanced economies (AEs) or emerging market economies (EMEs), the number one problem of the global economy is not being able to generate a satisfactory growth. Income levels is in some countries are barely above the per-crisis level. Despite ample liquidity due to quantitative monetary policies, consumption and investment demands are weak. Because high level of indebtedness deter economic agents from using credit. Credit markets still do not function well either.
 Quantitative easing policies have been successful in containing further deterioration. Despite ample liquidity inflation has not risen, but it did delivered the expected growth. Because banking system in AEs is weak and monetary transmission mechanisms are not functioning well. As for EMEs, commodity prices and World trade appears to be weak; economic growth are slowing down, capex is visibly falling in heavy industrial sectors due to already existing excess capacity.
 The academia as well as the business community are worried about the appropriateness of the present policies in case another recession comes, central banks will have little ammunition to deal with it. The option being talked of now is what is dubbed as “helicopter Money”.
 Turkey being an open economy, has been and will be effected by the developments in the global economy through trade, capital flows and expectation channels.
 By international standards, Turkey have a reasonable growth rate of 3 to 4 %, implying a new growth era where high growth cycle ended due to changing global financial conditions and its structural problems. Future growth performance will depend on the level of investments and savings to finance it. As her own saving is low, foreign capital flows is crucial. 
 High inflation and interest rate are the two negatives, but it has a strong fiscal position, debt / GDP is 32.3%, the budget is almost balanced, producing primary surplus which proved it is resilience in the face of recent failed coup and the negative attitudes displayed by the rating agencies.
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Aksu, Muharrem, Ali Rıza Aktaş, Onur Oku, and Faruk Kerem Şentürk. "Analysis of Security Perceptions of Foreign Tourists: The Case of Alanya." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00759.
Full textAbstract:
High risk perception of the tourists affects tourism demand and causes serious declines in the number of tourists to destinations. With this respect, data collected from 500 randomly chosen foreign tourists were analyzed in order to identify their safety perception levels of Alanya town center and in which circumstances and places they have risk perceptions. Factors such as country of origin (nationality), gender, age, travel companion, education level, and duration of stay were tested in order to find out if they have an effect on safety/risk perceptions. Analysis included frequency tables and chi-squared tests. According to the main findings, majority of foreign tourists visiting Alanya find the destination safe (90,6%). There were significant differences in tourists’ perception of risk and safety among issues like traffic and criminal cases such as theft, purse-snatching, sexual harassment, crimes. Additionally, correlation was detected between one of the factors affecting risk perception, -gender and risk types such as -going out at nights, theft and sexual harassment; and foreign tourists’ showed different risk perceptions according to their gender.
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Nagy, Péter Artúr. "Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the V4." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2020.proc.7.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the research is to explore the development of trade relations between the Visegrád countries and their major Western European partners since accession to the European Union. The topic is currently an important one, as the Visegrád region is highly dependent on Western European countries, especially in the area of foreign trade. The research analyzed how the 2008-2009 global economic crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis in Europe affected these trade relationships, i.e. did it cause significant changes in levels of relationship and/or trends. To answer this question, this paper used a time-series analysis method called Interrupted Time Series Analysis. As a result, statistically significant changes in the level and trend of foreign trade relations between the Visegrád countries and their Western European partners were detected. Finally, a more detailed breakdown of product groups also revealed which product groups are most responsible for slowing down the growth of trade relations.
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Sawa, Takao, Takafumi Kasaya, Tadahiro Hyakudome, and Hiroshi Yoshida. "Natural Resource Exploration With Sonar on Underwater Vehicle." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83819.
Full textAbstract:
Occurring as a set of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table, rare earth elements such as neodymium are necessary for the development of mobile phones and magnet motors. Although securing rare earth elements is essential for economic growth of all nations, their demand is rapidly expanding among global powers such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Rare earth element deposits were discovered in the seafloor near hydrothermal vents in the 1980s. Japan has the sixth largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and is abundant in underwater natural resources such as a cobalt and a manganese mine. Because underwater exploration of rare earth elements was deemed unprofitable, the practice was suspended. Current advancements in underwater robotics, however, have led to economic viability in this venture. Such developments have resulted in the increased use of remote sensing with sonars on unmanned underwater vehicles. The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) developed a cruising autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) known as Urashima. This AUV performed its first sea trial in 2000, and cruise for 317 km without recharging or refueling in 2005 as a world record at the time. The first mission of Urashima was a vast sea exploration to investigate worldwide environmental crises such as global warming. However, the purpose of these missions has since then shifted primarily to the exploration of underwater natural resources. In addition, JAMSTEC developed a synthetic aperture sonar on a neutral buoyancy towfish in 2010. This underwater exploration system, known as Kyouryuu, scanned Wakamiko caldera at the sea bottom in Kagoshima Bay where volcanic activity was evident. Numerous hot-water flows from hydrothermal vents were clearly recorded. In addition, many dormant chimneys were detected. These features provide important data for estimating the distribution of hydrothermal vents and chimneys in addition to their transitions.
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Lukić Radović, Maja, and Marija Vlajković. "HOW FIRM ARE THE BONDS THAT TIE THE EU TOGETHER? EU RULE OF LAW CONDITIONALITY MECHANISM AND THE NEXT GENERATION EU RECOVERY FUND." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18299.
Full textAbstract:
The Covid-19 pandemic has generated a one-in-a-generation challenge upon the EU, consisting of immediate danger for life and health, savings and jobs of its citizens, as well as for the stability and proper functioning of political and legal systems of its Member States. The manner in which the EU as a whole reacted to such sudden and grave challenge is by no means indicative of its political and legal-constitutional substance, and, consequently, of its capacity to subsist in its present form or to develop further. The centrepiece of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) is the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which should help Member States address the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishment of the pandemic recovery fund may be regarded not only as an ad hoc measure, but also as a crucial milestone in the path to overcoming the disbalance between Union solidarity and national interests. However, the whole EU budget deal depended on the acceptance of the Rule of Law Mechanism by all Member States. In the first part, this paper will analyse the COVID-19 recovery fund compromise solution as it has been finally agreed. Firstly, we will try to determine the effectiveness of the conditionality mechanism, in the light of European Council Conclusions on the “interpretative declaration on the new Rule of Law Mechanism” and its legal effects. Secondly, we will tackle the issue of the enforcement of the Rule of Law protection mechanism, having in mind the causal link that should be detected, between the protection of the financial interests of the EU, with the non-respect of the EU values enshrined in the Article 2 TEU, by particular Member State(s). Consequently, we will try to envisage the impact of the implementation of this conditionality mechanism, taking into consideration which Member States, and EU citizens, would be “hit” hardest by it. In the second part of the paper an attempt shall be made to perceive the conditionality mechanism, tied to the recovery fund, from the perspective of the principle of solidarity. Ultimately, this paper will try to answer the following question: in view of the necessary shift of priorities and the need for urgent reaction to the COVID-19 crisis, is the common European answer, in view of the core values of the EU and the principle of solidarity, optimal, and above all, will it be effective?