Journal articles: 'Detect the Difference'

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Bisson, Leslie John. "Can We Detect a Clinical Difference?" Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 27, no. 12 (December 2011): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.10.001.

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Tsuji, Miwako, Masaharu Munetomo, and Kiyoshi Akama. "Linkage Identification by Fitness Difference Clustering." Evolutionary Computation 14, no. 4 (December 2006): 383–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.2006.14.4.383.

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Genetic Algorithms perform crossovers effectively when linkage sets — sets of variables tightly linked to form building blocks — are identified. Several methods have been proposed to detect the linkage sets. Perturbation methods (PMs) investigate fitness differences by perturbations of gene values and Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) estimate the distribution of promising strings. In this paper, we propose a novel approach combining both of them, which detects dependencies of variables by estimating the distribution of strings clustered according to fitness differences. The proposed algorithm, called the Dependency Detection for Distribution Derived from fitness Differences (D5), can detect dependencies of a class of functions that are difficult for EDAs, and requires less computational cost than PMs.

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Tomizawa, Tetsuo, and Ryunosuke Moriai. "Using Difference Images to Detect Pedestrian Signal Changes." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 4 (August 20, 2017): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0706.

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This paper describes a method of using camera images to detect changes in the display status of pedestrian traffic signals. In much of the research previously done on signal detection, the color or shape of images or machine learning has been used to estimate the signal status. However, it is known that these methods are greatly affected by occlusion and changes in illumination. We propose a method of detecting, using multiple image sequences captured over time, changes in appearance that occur when a signal changes. If this method is used, the position and the status of the traffic light can be accurately detected as long as it appears in the image, even if its relative position or the lighting conditions in the area changes. In this paper, we first describe how pedestrian signals are seen when difference images are used, and we propose an algorithm for detecting when a signal changes. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through verification tests.

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Qu, Ju Bao. "Variable Background Frame Difference Technology Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4742.

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When the target and background in the high speed change, moving target detection. The traditional easily lost, not accurate. This paper presents a variable background frame difference method, and makes use of the MeanShift tracking algorithm simulation application. The method can detect moving objects in complex environment, and real-time tracking, can quickly and accurately detect and track when the background and target are scale, rotation, no rules of large displacement changes.

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Nishida, Shogo, Tetsuya Yoshida, and Teruyuki Kondo. "Interactive Interfaces to Detect Conceptual Difference for Group Knowledge Acquisition." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 25 (September 1997): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)41320-6.

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Jang, Bumsuk, SeongHun Park, and Young-guk Ha. "A stream-based method to detect differences between XML documents." Journal of Information Science 43, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551515602805.

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Detecting differences between XML documents is one of most important research topics for XML. Since XML documents are generally considered to be organized in a tree structure, most previous research has attempted to detect differences using tree-matching algorithms. However, most tree-matching algorithms have inadequate performance owing to limitations in terms of the execution time, optimality and scalability. This study proposes a stream-based difference detection method in which an XML binary encoding algorithm is used to provide improved performance relative to that of previous tree-matching algorithms. A tree-structured analysis of XML is not essential in order to detect differences. We use a D-Path algorithm that has an optimal result quality for difference detection between two streams and has a lower time complexity than tree-based methods. We then modify the existing XML binary encoding method to tokenize the stream and the algorithm in order to support more operations than D-Path algorithm does. The experimental results reveal greater efficiency for the proposed method relative to tree-based methods. The execution time is at least 4 times faster than state-of-the-art tree-based methods. In addition, the scalability is much more efficient.

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Cui, Yu Yong, Zhi Yuan Zeng, Wei Hong Cui, Bi Tao Fu, and Wei Liu. "Moving Object Detection Based on Edge Pair Difference." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1407.

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We present an improved method to detect moving object and obtain the relative accurate location in this paper. The Canny detector is applied to detect the edge of image, which is the edge difference of continuous frames. Then we utilize the pair of moving object information to reach a good detection of the moving object and location. The extensive experiments show that our method is efficient to the moving object detection.

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Mekontso-Dessap, Armand, Vincent Castelain, Nadia Anguel, Mabrouk Bahloul, Franck Schauvliege, Christian Richard, and Jean-Louis Teboul. "Combination of venoarterial PCO2 difference with arteriovenous O2 content difference to detect anaerobic metabolism in patients." Intensive Care Medicine 28, no. 3 (February 8, 2002): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-002-1215-8.

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Husein, A. M., Calvin, David Halim, Raymond Leo, and William. "Motion detect application with frame difference method on a surveillance camera." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1230 (July 2019): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1230/1/012017.

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Zhang, Man Rong, Kai Chen Song, and Ling Yun Ye. "Ultra-Low Frequency Difference Signal Multiplication Based on PLL." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1797.

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Ultra-low frequency difference signal is difficult to detect and process because it is easily mistaken for noise. This paper presents a method based on low-jitter PLL to detect ultra-low frequency signal. A low-jitter PLL circuit has been designed and the performance has been investigated through simulation. The jitter is as low as 10-12s. The optimized low-jitter PLL can be used for the multiplication of ultra-low frequency difference and improve the measurement accuracy substantially.

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Liu, Wei, Xue Jun Xu, Bi Tao Fu, and Xi Zhu. "Moving Object Detection Based on Edge Difference and Contour Matching." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1863.

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This paper presents an improved method to detect moving object and obtain the relative accurate location. First we detect the edge difference of continuous frames. Then we utilize the contour matching to find the edge pairs in order to reach a good detection of the moving object and location. The extensive experiments show that our method is robust and efficient to the moving object detection.

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Priadana, Adri, and Aris Wahyu Murdiyanto. "Metode Accumulative Difference Images untuk Mendeteksi Berhentinya Putaran Kincir Air." JISKA (Jurnal Informatika Sunan Kalijaga) 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jiska.2021.6.2.98-105.

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Vannamei shrimp is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with great potential to be developed. One of the essential things in shrimp farming is a source of dissolved oxygen (DO) or a sufficient amount of oxygen content, which can be maintained by placing a waterwheel driven by a generator set engine called a generator. To keep the waterwheel running, the cultivators must continue to monitor it in real-time. Based on these problems, we need a method that can be used to detect the cessation of waterwheel rotation in shrimp ponds that focuses on the rotation of the waterwheel. This study aims to analyze the performance of the Accumulative Difference Images (ADI) method to detect the stopped waterwheel-spinning. This method was chosen because compared with the method that only compares the differences between two frames in each process, the ADI method is considered to reduce the error-rate. After all, it is taken from the results of the value of several frames' accumulated movement. The ADI method's application to detect the stopped waterwheel-spinning gives an accuracy of 95.68%. It shows that the ADI method can be applied to detect waterwheels' stop in shrimp ponds with a very good accuracy value.

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THAKOOR, NINAD, and JEAN X. GAO. "AUTOMATIC VIDEO OBJECT EXTRACTION WITH CAMERA IN MOTION." International Journal of Image and Graphics 08, no. 04 (October 2008): 573–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467808003246.

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Automatic moving object extraction has been explored extensively in the image processing and computer vision community. Generally, moving object extraction schemes rely on either optical flow or frame difference. Optical flow methods can deal with moving cameras, but they are inconsistent at object boundaries and the object segmentation tends to be inaccurate. Although frame difference approaches can detect object boundaries, they cannot detect the uniform intensity interior regions. Additionally, the frame difference approaches cannot deal with moving cameras. We present a novel technique for the automatic extraction of a moving object captured by a moving camera by blending the information from the optical flow, the frame differences, and the spatial segmentation. The optical flow is used to compensate the camera motion and to generate a model for the background. Next, the differences in the compensated frames are compared with the background model to detect the changes in the frame. Finally, the detected changes and the spatial segmentation are combined to identify the moving uniform intensity regions. Experimental results of the proposed moving object extraction method for a variety of videos are presented.

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Peacock, Rose, Ann Hopton, Imogen Featherstone, and Jill Edwards. "Care home staff can detect the difference between delirium, dementia and depression." Nursing Older People 24, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nop2012.02.24.1.26.c8900.

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Mac Sweeney, R., H. Fischer, and D. F. McAuley. "Nasal potential difference to detect Na+channel dysfunction in acute lung injury." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 300, no. 3 (March 2011): L305—L318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00223.2010.

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Pulmonary fluid clearance is regulated by the active transport of Na+and Cl−through respiratory epithelial ion channels. Ion channel dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of various pulmonary fluid disorders including high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Nasal potential difference (NPD) measurement allows an in vivo investigation of the functionality of these channels. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, the archetypal respiratory ion channel disorder, for over a quarter of a century. NPD measurements in HAPE and RDS suggest constitutive and acquired dysfunction of respiratory epithelial Na+channels. Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary edema due to alveolar epithelial-interstitial-endothelial injury. NPD measurement may enable identification of critically ill ALI patients with a susceptible phenotype of dysfunctional respiratory Na+channels and allow targeted therapy toward Na+channel function.

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Brunel, Nicolas, and Jacques Ninio. "Time to detect the difference between two images presented side by side." Cognitive Brain Research 5, no. 4 (June 1997): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00003-7.

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Yang, Jiachen, Aiyun Li, Shuai Xiao, Wen Lu, and Xinbo Gao. "MTD-Net: Learning to Detect Deepfakes Images by Multi-Scale Texture Difference." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 16 (2021): 4234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3102487.

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Mannix, Elizabeth, and Margaret A. Neale. "What Differences Make a Difference?" Psychological Science in the Public Interest 6, no. 2 (October 2005): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2005.00022.x.

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SUMMARY—As the workplace has become increasingly diverse, there has been a tension between the promise and the reality of diversity in team process and performance. The optimistic view holds that diversity will lead to an increase in the variety of perspectives and approaches brought to a problem and to opportunities for knowledge sharing, and hence lead to greater creativity and quality of team performance. However, the preponderance of the evidence favors a more pessimistic view: that diversity creates social divisions, which in turn create negative performance outcomes for the group. Why is the reality of diversity less than the promise? Answering this requires understanding a variety of factors, including how diversity is defined and categorized, and the moderating as well as mediating processes that affect the diversity–process–performance linkage. We start with a definition. The word diversity has been used to refer to so many types of differences among people that the most commonly used definition—“any attribute that another person may use to detect individual differences” (Williams & O'Reilly, 1998, p. 81)—while accurate, is also quite broad. As a result, various categorization schemes based on factors such as race or gender, or based on proportions such as the size of the minority, have been used to further refine the definition of diversity in teams. The choices researchers have made in using these categorization schemes, however, do lead to particular tradeoffs. Factor approaches, for example, allow an examination of multiple types of diversity and the interactions among them but ignore the sizes of factions and subgroups. Proportional approaches allow the consideration of minority-group size, and hence the study of issues such as tokenism, but also tend to focus on only one type of diversity and thereby overestimate its relevance relative to other types. The underlying effects of diversity, whichever way it is defined and categorized, have typically been understood through three primary theoretical perspectives: the similarity–attraction paradigm, self- and social categorization, and information processing. These approaches also have their biases. The predictions of similarity–attraction theory are straightforward: Similarity on attributes such as attitudes, values, and beliefs will facilitate interpersonal attraction and liking. Empirical research has supported that surface-level similarity tends to predict affiliation and attraction. The similarity–attraction paradigm was developed to understand dyadic relationships. Yet, individuals can express preferences for membership in particular groups even when they have had no prior social interaction with members of that group. This is primarily a cognitive process of categorization: Individuals are postulated to have a hierarchical structure of self-categorizations at the personal, group, and superordinate levels. Research has demonstrated that the specific categories on which we tend to focus in categorizing others—such as race, gender, values, or beliefs—are likely to be those that are the most distinctive or salient within the particular social context. The act of social categorization activates differential expectations for in-group and out-group members. This distinction creates the atmosphere for stereotyping, in which out-group members are judged more stereotypically than in-group members are. The self-categorization/social-identity and similarity–attraction approaches both tend to lead to the pessimistic view of diversity in teams. In these paradigms, individuals will be more attracted to similar others and will experience more cohesion and social integration in homogeneous groups. The information-processing approach, by contrast, offers a more optimistic view: that diversity creates an atmosphere for enhancing group performance. The information-processing approach argues that individuals in diverse groups have access to other individuals with different backgrounds, networks, information, and skills. This added information should improve the group outcome even though it might create coordination problems for the group. As we disentangle what researchers have learned from the last 50 years, we can conclude that surface-level social- category differences, such as those of race/ethnicity, gender, or age, tend to be more likely to have negative effects on the ability of groups to function effectively. By contrast, underlying differences, such as differences in functional background, education, or personality, are more often positively related to performance—for example by facilitating creativity or group problem solving—but only when the group process is carefully controlled. The majority of these effects have typically been explained in terms of potential mediators such as social integration, communication, and conflict. However, the actual evidence for the input–process–output linkage is not as strong as one might like. Clarifying the mixed effects of diversity in work groups will only be possible by carefully considering moderators such as context, by broadening our view to include new types of diversity such as emotions and networks, and by focusing more carefully on mediating mechanisms. As we delve into advice for organizational teams to enhance the assets of diversity and manage the liabilities, we focus on the benefits of “exploring” as opposed to “exploiting” types of tasks, of bridging diversity through values and goals, and of enhancing the power of the minority. Finally, we end with suggestions for how organizations can learn to create incentives for change within the firm.

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Say, Ong Tee, Zaliman Sauli, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, K. Anwar, and Nooraihan Abdullah. "Fibrous Material Density Difference Analysis Using Light Reflectance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.114.

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The objective of this work is designed and fabricated a lab module tester to differentiate the different type of printing paper quality which available commercially was done. Laser light source was used to differentiate the quality of printing paper. The concept light reflectance on surface material was used in this study. The photodiode was used as photo detector to detect the reflected light from the surface of printing paper. The laser diode and photodiode were placed in a box which the box named light box. The laser was used to emit light on the sample and the photodiode detects light intensity from the surface printing paper in the light box. Different level of intensity will have different value of voltage output. The differentiation on the different type of printing paper including of 70 g/m2, 80 g/m2 and 100 g/m2 were done respectively. The result showed that the 100 g/m2 printing paper has a higher reflected voltage output compared to 80 g/m2 and 70 g/m2 printing paper.

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Cui, Yu Yong, Zhi Yuan Zeng, Wei Hong Cui, Bi Tao Fu, and Wei Liu. "Moving Vehicles Detection Based on Pair Edge Difference and Background Subtraction." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.359.

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This paper describes a method based on the pair edge difference and background subtraction to detect the moving vehicles, The presented method consists of three procedures, using CANNY detector to refine the frame pair edge information, then get -1 and 1 from a edge difference between two continuous frame, thirdly, the background subtraction is used to detect the moving vehicles, at last, if -1 and 1 can pair and the background subtraction edge information 1 ,the moving vehicles are detected. Experiments show our method is useful and has a good result.

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Shi, Fan, Fang Qiu, Xiao Li, Ruofei Zhong, Cankun Yang, and Yunwei Tang. "Detecting and Tracking Moving Airplanes from Space Based on Normalized Frame Difference Labeling and Improved Similarity Measures." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2020): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213589.

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The emerging satellite videos provide the opportunity to detect moving objects and track their trajectories, which were not possible for remotely sensed imagery with limited temporal resolution. So far, most studies using satellite video data have been concentrated on traffic monitoring through detecting and tracking moving cars, whereas the studies on other moving objects such as airplanes are limited. In this paper, an integrated method for monitoring moving airplanes from a satellite video is proposed. First, we design a normalized frame difference labeling (NFDL) algorithm to detect moving airplanes, which adopts a non-recursive strategy to deliver stable detection throughout the whole video. Second, the template matching (TM) technique is utilized for tracking the detected moving airplanes in the frame sequence by improved similarity measures (ISMs) with better rotation invariance and model drift suppression ability. Template matching with improved similarity measures (TM-ISMs) is further implemented to handle the leave-the-scene problem. The developed method is tested on a satellite video to detect and track eleven moving airplanes. Our NFDL algorithm successfully detects all the moving airplanes with the highest F1 score of 0.88 among existing algorithms. The performance of TM-ISMs is compared with both its traditional counterparts and other state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. The experimental results show that TM-ISMs can handle both rotation and leave-the-scene problems. Moreover, TM-ISMs achieve a very high tracking accuracy of 0.921 and the highest tracking speed of 470.62 frames per second.

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Daway, Hazim G., Hana H. Kareem, and Ahmed Rafid Hashim. "Pupil Detection Based on Color Difference and Circular Hough Transfor." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3278-3284.

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<span>Human pupil eye detection is a significant stage in iris segmentation which is representing one of the most important steps in iris recognition. In this paper, we present a new method of highly accurate pupil detection. This method is consisting of many steps to detect the boundary of the pupil. First, the read eye image (R, G, B), then determine the work area which is consist of many steps to detect the boundary of the pupil. The determination of the work area contains many circles which are larger than pupil region. The work area is necessary to determine pupil region and neighborhood regions afterward the difference in color and intensity between pupil region and surrounding area is utilized, where the pupil region has color and intensity less than surrounding area. After the process of detecting pupil region many steps on the resulting image is applied in order to concentrate the pupil region and delete the others regions by using many methods such as dilation, erosion, canny filter, circle hough transforms to detect pupil region as well as apply optimization to choose the best circle that represents the pupil area. The proposed method is applied for images from palacky university, it achieves to 100 % accurac</span>

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de Winter, Robbert J., Rudolph W. Koster, Jan P. van Straalen, Jozef P. M. C. Gorgels, Frans J. Hoek, and Gerard T. Sanders. "Critical difference between serial measurements of CK-MB mass to detect myocardial damage." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.2.338.

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Abstract To assess the critical difference in serial measurements of CK-MBmass and the ability of this critical difference to detect myocardial damage, we studied 110 patients in whom an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had been ruled out. Blood samples were drawn at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after onset of symptoms. With a critical difference of 72.6%, an increase of >2.0 μg/L between two CK-MBmass measurements was determined to be significant. Twenty-three of the non-AMI patients had an increase in CK-MBmass >2.0 μg/L, but five of these did not have an abnormal concentration of troponin T (i.e., not >0.1 μg/L). Also among the 110 non-AMI patients, 22 did have an abnormal troponin T value, 18 of whom (82%) also had CK-MBmassincreased by >2.0 μg/L. In 20 of the 23 patients with an increase in CK-MBmass >2.0 μg/L, this increase was detected from the values for two samples collected at 5 and 12 h after onset of symptoms. In conclusion, using the critical difference for CK-MBmassdefined as an increase >2.0 μg/L detected myocardial damage in patients without AMI.

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Hallstensson, K., S. Thulin, H. Aburatani, Y. Hippo, and T. Martinsson. "Representational difference analysis and loss of heterozygosity studies detect 3p deletions in neuroblastoma." European Journal of Cancer 33, no. 12 (October 1997): 1966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(97)00228-1.

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Altintas, Y., I. Yellowley, and J. Tlusty. "The Detection of Tool Breakage in Milling Operations." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187881.

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The paper describes a rather simple and efficient algorithm for processing the milling force signal to detect cutter breakage. Using sampling synchronized with cutter teeth the basic variation per tooth is removed by calculating average forces per tooth. The first difference of these forces detects both breakage and some sudden changes in cutting conditions (cornering, milling over a slot). The second difference distinguishes between the two. The algorithm is illustrated by computational simulations as well as by measurements in milling tests.

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La Croix, Kimberly W., Steven C. Fiala, Ann E. Colonna, Catherine A. Durham, Michael T. Morrissey, Danna K. Drum, and Melvin A. Kohn. "Consumer detection and acceptability of reduced-sodium bread." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 8 (August 28, 2014): 1412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001748.

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AbstractObjectiveBread is the largest contributor of Na to the American diet and excess Na consumption contributes to premature death and disability. We sought to determine the Na level at which consumers could detect a difference between reduced-Na bread and bread with typical Na content, and to determine if consumer sensory acceptability and purchase intent differed between reduced-Na bread and bread with typical Na content.DesignDifference testing measured ability to detect differences in control bread and reduced-Na bread using two-alternative forced choice testing. Acceptability was measured using a nine-point hedonic scale and purchase intent was measured using a five-point purchase intent scale.SettingDifference and acceptability testing were conducted in Portland, OR, USA in January 2013.SubjectsEighty-two consumers participated in difference testing and 109 consumers participated in acceptability testing.ResultsConsumers did not detect a difference in saltiness between the control bread and the 10 % reduced-Na bread, but did detect a difference between the control bread and bread reduced in Na content by 20 % and 30 %. Na reductions had no effect on consumer acceptability of sensory characteristics, including overall liking, appearance, aroma, flavour, sweetness, salt level and texture, or purchase intent.ConclusionsReducing Na levels by up to 30 % in the sandwich bread tested did not affect consumer liking or purchase intent of the product. These results support national recommendations for small, incremental Na reductions in the food supply over time and assure bread manufacturers that sensory characteristics and consumer purchase intent of their products will be preserved after Na reductions occur.

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Neuhäuser, Markus, and Bryan F. J. Manly. "The Fisher-Pitman Permutation Test When Testing for Differences in Mean and Variance." Psychological Reports 94, no. 1 (February 2004): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.1.189-194.

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The Fisher-Pitman permutation test can detect any type of difference between two samples; hence, a significant Fisher-Pitman permutation test does not necessarily provide evidence for a difference in means. It is possible, however, to test separately for differences in means and variances. Here, we present a recently proposed two-stage procedure to decide whether there are differences in means or variances that can be applied when samples may come from nonnormal distributions with possibly unequal variances.

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Jin, Xiao Hui, Wei Yang, Qian Jin Liu, Di Zhao, and Sheng Xu. "Improved Moving Target Detection Technology." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1628.

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In order to detect target clearly, a detection system based on DM642 was designed. The system used improved frame-difference method combined with the background subtraction to detect target. First, the CCD camera scanned the surroundings step by step, then the background model was built, and improved three-frame-difference method was used to get the three-frame-difference image. The target image was the difference of target region extracted by three-frame-difference method and the target region extracted by background subtraction method. Experiments showed that the target image had less interference and a clear profile.

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Hill, Darryl B. "Can Statistics Detect the Difference Between Apples and Oranges?: Response to Singh et al." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 37, no. 2 (February 28, 2011): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2011.547373.

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Soulakova, Julia N., and Ananya Roy. "Application of Anbar's Approach to Hypothesis Testing to Detect the Difference between Two Proportions." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 40, no. 10 (March 30, 2011): 1866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610921003714154.

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Lippi, Giuseppe, and Gian Cesare Guidi. "Bayesian network approach to detect laboratory errors: Focus on likelihood ratio and critical difference." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 52, no. 3 (July 2011): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2011.04.004.

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Mueller-Premru, Manica, Samo Jeverica, Lea Papst, and Elisabeth Nagy. "Performance of two blood culture systems to detect anaerobic bacteria. Is there any difference?" Anaerobe 45 (June 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.006.

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Li, Li, XingFa Gu, ZeTian Ye, Tao Yu, YanLi Qiao, QingYan Meng, and YuXi Wang. "Characteristic difference analysis and transfer parameter determination for different satellites to detect NDVI values." Science China Earth Sciences 55, no. 5 (March 19, 2012): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4364-9.

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Brooks, S. A., M. Lymboura, U. Schumacher, and A. J. Leathem. "Histochemistry to detect Helix pomatia lectin binding in breast cancer: methodology makes a difference." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 5 (May 1996): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.5.8627008.

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A number of studies have shown that altered cellular glycosylation, as detected by binding of Helix pomatia lectin to paraffin sections, is associated with metastatic disease and consequent poor patient prognosis in breast and other cancers. In a 24-year retrospective study, sections of 373 primary breast cancers were stained for binding of the lectin using two different histochemical techniques: a direct method (using peroxidase-conjugated lectin) and an indirect method (using native, unconjugated lectin). Similar percentages of cases were positive (79%) and negative (21%) for lectin binding with either technique, but there was enormous inconsistency when individual cases were examined. A total of 38/373 (10.2%) cases that were negative by the indirect method were positive by the direct method, and 37/373 (9.9%) cases that were negative by the direct method were positive by the indirect method. Life tables calculated for lectin staining vs nonstaining cases showed a very strong correlation between lectin binding and long-term survival (p < 0.0001) when staining was performed by the indirect method, but only very weak correlation with prognosis (p < 0.03, borderline significance) when the direct technique was employed. SDS-PAGE revealed that there were differences in breast cancer glycoproteins recognized by native lectin and peroxidase-conjugated lectin immobilized on Sepharose 4B affinity beads. Helix pomatia lectin binding appears to be an intriguing and potentially valuable marker of biological behavior in breast cancer. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate immunohistochemical technique for its visualization.

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Zhao, Jing, Yoshiharu Ishikawa, Yukiko Wakita, and Kento Sugiura. "Difference Operators in Simulation Data Warehouses." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0347.

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In analyzing observation data and simulation results, there are frequent demands for comparing more than one data on the same subject to detect any differences between them. For example, comparison of observation data for an object in a certain spatial domain at different times or comparison of spatial simulation data with different parameters. Therefore, this paper proposes the difference operator in spatio-temporal data warehouses, which store temporal and spatial observation data and simulation data. The requirements for the difference operator are summarized, and the approaches to implement them are presented. In addition, the proposed approach is applied to the mass evacuation of simulation data in a tsunami disaster, and its effectiveness is verified. Extensions of the difference operator and their applications are also discussed.

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Adamis, D., M. Unal, and E. O’Mahony. "Use of eye-tracker device to detect attention deficits in adults with ADHD." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1436.

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IntroductionAdult patients with ADHD may go unrecognized. This can result in psychosocial and functional decline.ObjectivesTo investigate the use of objective testing, with an eye-tracker device in the diagnosis of adult patients with ADHD.MethodsCase control study. Inclusion criteria were aged 18–65, minimum 5 years of education and literate in English. Exclusion criteria were visual impairment, amnesia and learning difficulties. ADHD was diagnosed with Conners’ adult ADHD diagnostic interview (group A, n = 15) and were matched for gender and age against normal controls (group B, n = 33). Participants completed four computer-based tasks while their eye movements were recorded. The tests included (i) Stroop effect test, (ii) Stroop effect test with visual aid, (iii) perceptual selectivity test and (iv) Saccadic interference. accuracy (%) and response time (msec) for tests (i–iii) measured while for test (iv), saccade count, average saccade amplitude and average fixation duration.ResultsStroop test accuracy showed a statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P = 0.004). Stroop response time also showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t = 3.228, df: 46, P = 0.001). For test (ii), there was a significant difference for response time (t = 2.326, df: 46, P = 0.024) but not for accuracy. For test (iii), the results were statistically significant for accuracy; (t = 2.682, df: 46, P = 0.010) and for response time (t = 4.028, df: 46, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the saccadic interference test.ConclusionAdults with ADHD have a longer response time and perform less accurately than controls. Thus, these data demonstrate that there is a use for objective tests (tests i–iii) in the diagnosis of adult ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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D'Eon, Marcel, Leslie Sadownik, Alexandra Harrison, and Jill Nation. "Using Self-Assessments to Detect Workshop Success." American Journal of Evaluation 29, no. 1 (March 2008): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214007312630.

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An accepted gold standard for measuring change in participant behavior is third-party observation. This method is highly resource intensive, and many small-scale evaluations may not be in a position to use this approach. This study was designed to assess the validity and reliably of aggregated group self-assessments as one way to measure workshop effectiveness. In this study, participants completed a pre-, post-, and retrospective self-assessment on their perceived skill level in delivering feedback. Trained raters scored recorded role-play episodes. A statistically and practically significant difference in feedback skills was detected in both the self-assessments and observer ratings. The instruments used to assess participants' feedback skills had acceptable reliability. Those charged with workshop evaluation should have some confidence that aggregated self-assessments can be used to help determine workshop effectiveness.

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Pereira, Eveline, Eduarda Silveira, Inácio Thomaz Bueno, and Fausto Weimar Acerbi Júnior. "Spatial and spectral remote sensing features to detect deforestation in Brazilian Savannas." Advances in Forestry Science 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v6i4.7525.

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The Brazilian Savannas have been under increasing anthropic pressure for many years, and land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC) have been largely neglected. Remote sensing provides useful tools to detect changes, but previous studies have not attempted to separate the effects of phenology from deforestation, clearing or fires to improve the accuracy of change detection without a dense time series. The scientific questions addressed in this study were: how well can we differentiate seasonal changes from deforestation processes combining the spatial and spectral information of bi-temporal (normalized difference vegetation index) NDVI images? Which feature best contribute to increase the separability on classification assessment? We applied an object-based remote sensing method that is able to separate seasonal changes due to phenology effects from LULCC by combining spectral and the spatial context using traditional spectral features and semivariogram indices, exploring the full capability of NDVI image difference to train random forest (RF) algorithm. We found that the spatial variability of NDVI values is not affect by vegetation seasonality and, therefore, the combination of spectral features and semivariogram indices provided high global accuracy (97.73%) to separate seasonal changes and deforestation or fires. From the total of 13 features, 6 provided the best combination to increase the separability on classification assessment (4 spatial and 2 spectral features). How to accurately extract LULCC while disregarding the ones caused by phenological differences in Brazilian seasonal biomes undergoing rapid land-cover changes can be achieved by adding semivariogram indices in combination with spectral features as input data to train RF algorithm.

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Collot, Vincent, Stefano Malinverni, Jabir Haltout, Eric Schweitzer, Pierre Mols, and Magali Bartiaux. "Agreement between Arterial and Capillary pH, pCO2, and Lactate in Patients in the Emergency Department." Emergency Medicine International 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7820041.

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Background. Blood gas analysis (BGA) is a frequent painful procedure in emergency departments. The primary objective of the study was a quantitative analysis to assess the mean difference and 95% confidence interval of the difference between capillary and arterial BGA for pH, pCO2, and lactate. Secondary objective was to measure the sensitivity and specificity of capillary samples to detect altered pH, hypercarbia, and lactic acidosis. Adults admitted to the ED were screened for inclusion. We studied the agreement between the two methods for pH, pCO2, and lactate with Bland-Altman bias plot analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results. One hundred ninety-seven paired analyses were included. Mean difference for pH between arterial and capillary BGA was 0.0095, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were −0.048 to 0.067. For pCO2, mean difference was −0.3 mmHg, and 95% LOA were −8.5 to 7.9 mmHg. Lactate mean difference was −0.93 mmol/L, and 95% LOA were −2.7 to 0.8 mmol/L. At a threshold of 7.34, capillary pH had 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity to detect acidemia; at 45.9 mmHg, capillary pCO2 had 89% sensitivity and 96% specificity to detect hypercarbia. At a threshold of 3.5 mmol/L, capillary lactate had 66% sensitivity to detect lactic acidosis. Conclusion. Capillary BGA cannot replace arterial BGA despite high concordance between the two methods for pH and pCO2 and moderate concordance for lactate. Capillary measures had good accuracy when used as a screening tool to detect altered pH and hypercarbia but insufficient sensitivity and specificity when screening for lactic acidosis.

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Gotanda, Hiromu, Kousaku Kawai, and Tatsuya Yamaoka. "Recognition of Similar Patterns by Mutilayer Nets and Detection of Rotated Angle and Scale Ratio." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 6 (December 20, 1999): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0495.

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For practical pattern recognition, it is required not only to recognize geometrically similar patterns but also to detect the difference of translation, rotation and size from their templates. This paper proposes a method to recognize the simiar patterns by a mutilayer net and then detect the difference on the common basis of well-known geometrical characteristics (center of gravity, angle of principal axis, and variance). It is found from experimental resuts that, with the proposed method, a small net can cassify the similar patterns at a high recognition rate and detect their rotated angles and scale ratios with a high accuracy.

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Cantelo, William W., Larry W. Douglass, Lind L. Sanford, Stephen L. Sinden, and Kenneth L. Deahl. "MEASURING RESISTANCE TO THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN POTATO." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.3.245.

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A sensitive test was sought that could be used to detect small differences in resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in Solanum species. Three tests were evaluated and compared. One test compared adult CPB foliage consumption of leaf disks from a susceptible potato cv, S. tuberosum, with disks from two S. chacoense clones. The second test compared weight gain on foliage from the three plants by 4th instar larvae and the third test compared larval development rate and mortality. With sufficient replication all three of the tests could detect significant differences between each of the test clones. The most sensitive test measured the stage of development of neonate larvae after feeding on test plants four days. This test required only four replicates to detect a 50% difference from the overall mean assuming an alpha level of 0.05 and a beta level of 0.10.

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Schroter, Sara, Nick Black, Stephen Evans, Fiona Godlee, Lyda Osorio, and Richard Smith. "What errors do peer reviewers detect, and does training improve their ability to detect them?" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 101, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2008.080062.

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Objective To analyse data from a trial and report the frequencies with which major and minor errors are detected at a general medical journal, the types of errors missed and the impact of training on error detection. Design 607 peer reviewers at the BMJ were randomized to two intervention groups receiving different types of training (face-to-face training or a self-taught package) and a control group. Each reviewer was sent the same three test papers over the study period, each of which had nine major and five minor methodological errors inserted. Setting BMJ peer reviewers. Main outcome measures The quality of review, assessed using a validated instrument, and the number and type of errors detected before and after training. Results The number of major errors detected varied over the three papers. The interventions had small effects. At baseline (Paper 1) reviewers found an average of 2.58 of the nine major errors, with no notable difference between the groups. The mean number of errors reported was similar for the second and third papers, 2.71 and 3.0, respectively. Biased randomization was the error detected most frequently in all three papers, with over 60% of reviewers rejecting the papers identifying this error. Reviewers who did not reject the papers found fewer errors and the proportion finding biased randomization was less than 40% for each paper. Conclusions Editors should not assume that reviewers will detect most major errors, particularly those concerned with the context of study. Short training packages have only a slight impact on improving error detection.

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Mulligan, Ea, and Moira Paterson. "Patients rarely detect breaches of confidence." Australian Health Review 26, no. 3 (2003): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030073a.

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Objective:To measure the prevalence of patient reported breaches of confidence emanating from health services inSouth Australia.Methods:A community household survey with follow up telephone interviews of those reporting unauthorised disclosures.Recruitment interviews were conducted during October and November 2001 with 3037 South Australian residentsover 15 years of age. South Australian households were selected randomly within a representative selection of censuscollection districts. Follow up telephone interviews were conducted with 18 respondents who reported unauthorisedinformation releases in the twelve months prior to the initial survey.Results:The one year prevalence of breaches of confidence reported by patients was 0.23 +/- 0.17% (1.96 x SE).This prevalence was significantly lower than a previously published estimate (Mulligan, 2001) of 1.1 +/- 0.4%(difference between proportions p= 0.003, z= 4.415) which relied upon reports of information disclosed without thepatients permission as a proxy for breaches of confidence.An incidental finding was that 0.20+/- 0.16% (1.96 x SE) of respondents reported exchanges of information amongstmembers of treating teams which had not been authorised by the patient.Conclusion:True breaches of confidence arising from health care interactions are rarely detected by patients. Ordinary informationsharing within treating teams may be a more important source of misunderstandings between patients and health careproviders. This issue can be addressed at the point of care by informing patients what will be done with their healthinformation and who may later gain access to it.

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Gasparro, Roberta, Grazia Leonetti, Michele Riccio, Andrea Irace, Gilberto Sammartino, Andrea Blasi, Cristiano Scandurra, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, Pasquale Sammartino, and Gaetano Marenzi. "Thermography as a Method to Detect Dental Anxiety in Oral Surgery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125421.

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(1) Background: the aim of this study was to evaluate if dental anxiety can be measured objectively using thermal infrared imaging. (2) Methods: Patients referred to the Department of Oral Surgery of the University of Naples Federico II and requiring dental extractions were consecutively enrolled in the study. Face thermal distribution images of the patients were acquired before and during their first clinical examination using infrared thermal cameras. The data were analyzed in relation to five regions of interest (ROI) of the patient’s face (nose, ear, forehead, zygoma, chin). The differences in the temperatures assessed between the two measurements for each ROI were evaluated by using paired T-test. The Pearson correlation and linear regression were performed to evaluate the association between differences in temperatures and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaire score, age, and gender; (3) results: sixty participants were enrolled in the study (28 males and 32 females; mean age 57.4 year-old; age range 18–80 year-old). Only for nose and ear zone there was a statistically significant difference between measurements at baseline and visit. Correlation between the thermal imaging measurements and the scores of the MDAS questionnaire was found for nose and ear, but not for all of the other regions. (4) Conclusions: the study demonstrated a potential use of thermal infrared imaging to measure dental anxiety.

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Lindsey, Daniel T., Dan Bikos, and Lewis Grasso. "Using the GOES-16 Split Window Difference to Detect a Boundary prior to Cloud Formation." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 8 (August 2018): 1541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0141.1.

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AbstractGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) was launched into geostationary orbit in late 2016 and began providing unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution imagery early in 2017. Its Advanced Baseline Imager has additional spectral bands including two in the “clear” window and “dirty window” portion of the infrared spectrum, and the difference of these two bands, sometimes called the split window difference, provides unique information about low-level water vapor. Under certain conditions, low-level convergence along a boundary can cause local water vapor pooling, and the signal of this pooling can sometimes be detected by GOES-16 prior to any cloud formation. This case study from 15 June 2017 illustrates how the technique might be used in an operational forecast setting. A boundary in western Kansas was detected using the split window difference more than 2 h before the first cloud formed.

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Niharika, D., and J. Mohana. "Frame Difference Method to Detect Fire and Compare the Accuracy and Precision with Vibe Method." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21089.

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Aim: In this paper, the main aim is to detect fire using a novel frame difference method and compare it with conventional method. This is based on video processing and computational methods to reduce the computational complexity. Materials and method: The method was performed over a sample size of 20. Same samples were applied for both the control group and experimental group. Improved accuracy detection was obtained using the proposed method. Results: The Accuracy and precision was found (94.03, 64.62) and (86.24,57.19) was obtained for the frame difference method and conventional method. It also shows a significance of 0.048 for accuracy and 0.018 for precision which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: It would be concluded that the frame difference method is producing high accuracy and precision when compared with the Vibe method. It is applicable for monitoring systems and home security.

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Guerrero-Méndez, Carlos, Tonatiuh Saucedo-Anaya, Maria Araiza-Esquivel, Raúl E. Balderas-Navarro, Alfonso López-Martínez, and Carlos Olvera-Olvera. "Measurements of Concentration differences between Liquid Mixtures using Digital Holographic Interferometry." Metrology and Measurement Systems 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2017-0002.

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Abstract We present an alternative method to detect and measure the concentration changes in liquid solutions. The method uses Digital Holographic Interferometry (DHI) and is based on measuring refractive index variations. The first hologram is recorded when a wavefront from light comes across an ordinary cylindrical glass container filled with a liquid solution. The second hologram is recorded after slight changing the liquid’s concentration. Differences in phase obtained from the correlation of the first hologram with the second one provide information about the refractive index variation, which is directly related to the changes in physical properties related to the concentration. The method can be used − with high sensitivity, accuracy, and speed − either to detect adulterations or to measure a slight change of concentration in the order of 0.001 moles which is equivalent to a difference of 0.003 g of sodium chloride in solutions. The method also enables to measure and calculate the phase difference among each pixel of two samples. This makes it possible to generate a global measurement of the phase difference of the entire sensed region.

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Wen, Ya Ne, Hong Song Li, Hao Zhou, Li Ping Tang, and Jun Qi She. "Fusion of Background Subtraction and Frame Difference in HSV Space for Multi-Object Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3895.

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in order to solve the adverse effects of strong light and shadow on the test results, a fusion frame difference and background subtraction method in the HSV space is used in this paper. By using frame difference method to solve the effect of strong light, but frame difference method can not detect object when the object do not move, the method of background subtraction can detect it, building Gaussian background model in the HSV space can eliminate shadows. Empirical results show that the method of fusion frame difference and background subtraction in the HSV space can get overcome the effect of strong light and shadows. Fusion background subtraction and frame difference method based on establishing a Gaussian mixture model in HSV space can overcome the disadvantages of the frame difference method, at the same time it can also solve the false detection of object which result from the background subtraction method.

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Zhu, Shi Song, Min Gu, and Jing Liu. "An Algorithm for Moving Vehicle Detection Based on Traffic Video." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1292.

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Aiming at the defects and shortages of traditional moving vehicles detection algorithms, by the analysis and comparison of the existing detection algorithms, we propose an algorithm that combined with frames with symmetric difference and background difference to detect moving vehicle in this paper. First, two different difference images by using frames with symmetric difference and background difference are gained respectively and two binary images can be gained by the appropriate threshold, then the contour of moving vehicles can be extracted by applying OR operation in the two binary images. Finally, the precise moving vehicles will be gained by mathematic morphological methods. Experimental results show the algorithm used in this paper can detect the moving vehicles better than traditional moving vehicles detection algorithms.

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Kawchuk, Gregory N., Stephen Miazga, Isabelle Pagé, Michael Swain, Diana De Carvalho, Martha Funabashi, Alexander Breen, and Arnold Wong. "Clinicians’ Ability to Detect a Palpable Difference in Spinal Stiffness Compared With a Mechanical Device." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 42, no. 2 (February 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.02.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Detect the Difference'

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