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Academic literature on the topic 'Détection à faible bruit de fond'
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Journal articles on the topic "Détection à faible bruit de fond"
Briand, O., R. Seux, M. Millet, and M. Clément. "Influence de la pluviométrie sur la contamination de l'atmosphère et des eaux de pluie par les pesticides." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 767–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705480ar.
Full textDupuis, Kate, Veronica Marchuk, and M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller. "Noise Affects Performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 35, no. 3 (June 27, 2016): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980816000313.
Full textLe Cam, Steven, Christophe Chollet, and Fabien Salzenstein. "Un arbre de Markov sélectif en fréquence pour la détection de signaux transitoires à faible rapport signal à bruit." Traitement du signal 27, no. 4-5 (October 28, 2010): 443–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ts.27.443-482.
Full textBocquentin, R., and Gérard Duvallet. "Amélioration de la reproductibilité du test ELISA adapté à la détection d'anticorps anti-Trypanosoma congolense chez les bovins." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8844.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Détection à faible bruit de fond"
Guler, Hayg. "Contribution à l'expérience G0 de violation de la parité : calcul et simulation des corrections radiatives et étude du bruit de fond." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112279.
Full textIn the framework of quantum chromodynamics, the nucleon is made of three valence quarks surrpounded by a sea of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs. Only the only lightest quarks (u, d and s) contribute significantly to the nucleon properties. In Go we using the property of weak interaction to violate parity symmetry, in order to determine separately the contributions of the three types of quarks to nucleon form factors. The experiment, which takes place at Thomas Jefferson laboratory (USA), aims at measuring parity violation asymmetry in electron-proton scattering. By doing several measurements at different momentum squared of the exchanged photons and for different kinematics (forward angle when the proton is detected and backward angle it will be the electron) will permit to determine separately strange quarks electric and magnetic contributions to nucleon form factors. To extract an asymmetry with small errors, it is necessary to correct all the beam parameters, and to have high enough counting rates in detectors. A special electronics was developed to treat information coming from 16 scintillator pairs for each of the 8 sectors of the Go spectrometer. A complete calculation of radiative corrections has been clone and Monte Carlo simulations with the GEANT program has permitted to de determine the shape of the experimental spectra including inelastic background. This work will allow to do a comparison between experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the Standard Model
Utard, Christian. "Les Oscillateurs microondes faible bruit de fond à base de MESFET GaAs, TEGFET GaAIAs et transistor bipolaire modélisation, caractérisation et comparaison /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376190133.
Full textUtard, Christian. "Les oscillateurs microondes faible bruit de fond a base de mesfet gaas, tegfet gaalas et transistor bipolaire silicium : modelisation, caracterisation et comparaison." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30078.
Full textPerron, Vincent. "Apport des enregistrements de séismes et de bruit de fond pour l'évaluation site-spécifique de l'aléa sismique en zone de sismicité faible à modérée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU020.
Full textSite effects can greatly increase both the duration and the amplitude of the seismic solicitation imposed on structures. 2D-3D site effects induce broadband amplifications that cannot be simulated up to high frequency (>2-4 Hz) due to the limited resolution of the geological, geophysical and/or geotechnical information. Empirical site effect assessment is therefore essential for reliable observations of this complex phenomenon up to high frequency. However, such assessments often require good quality records from many earthquakes that cannot be rapidly obtained in low seismicity areas.This work presents a comparative analysis of these empirical evaluations on two very different sites, the first in a moderate seismicity context (Provence, France) and the second in a very active context (Kefalonia, Greece). For the Provençal site, nearly 500 earthquakes were recorded in only 2½ years thanks to the use of velocimeters. The site attenuation parameter κ_0 could thus be measured both on the acceleration (κ_(0_AS)) and displacement (κ_(0_DS)) spectra. Our results show that the measurement of κ_0 is relatively reliable on rock sites only, mainly due to the too great disturbance by the amplification for sedimentary sites, even for those that are quite stiff. The standard spectral ratio (SSR) approach provides the relative site effects from the numerous weak motion recordings available at sites located in Provence and Kefalonia. The results show a strong epistemic variability due to the lighting induced by the position of the seismic source with respect to the basin. Thus, while a reliable site response estimation is possible from only a few events for 1D geometries, it requires much more earthquakes evenly distributed around the site when the geometry is 2D-3D. The mean SSR results are then compared with those obtained from methods using the ambient noise. As expected, the H/V spectral ratio approach (HVSR) provides only the fundamental frequency for some sites. Conversely, SSR applied to ambient noise (SSRn) shows very similar results to the SSR method up to high frequency, provided that the reference site is taken in the sedimentary basin. Approaches using the noise correlation (coherence and ANIRF) reveal that the transfer function relative to a rock reference site can be estimated at least up to low frequency (<4 Hz). Methods using ambient noise are promising for a rapid evaluation of the site response and its spatial variability (microzoning), even when seismicity is low. Empirical site effects methods are therefore applicable everywhere. They provide an essential complement to numerical approaches, which remain inevitable when the coverage of available earthquakes is not homogeneous or when soils are likely to present non-linear behaviors.These results led us to propose a methodology for the evaluation of the site-specific seismic hazard, which consists of three main stages: (i) adjustment to the rock reference site of the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) using, among others, κ_(0_DS); (ii) Reliable evaluation of the SSR transfer function between at least one site in the basin and the reference site (for which the GMPEs were adjusted); (iii) carrying out this assessment from the ANIRF in the less seismically active regions and/or extension to the entire study area with the SSRn. This methodology allows a much better consideration of the site effects (especially 2D-3D) and a significant reduction of the uncertainties in the evaluations of the site-specific seismic hazard. It only required, simultaneous recording of earthquakes on at least two sites equipped with sensible velocimeters, and to carrying out temporary campaign of ambient noise measurements, if necessary
Hoarau, Gwenaël. "Étude de la limite de détection et des fausses alarmes émises par les moniteurs de mesure de la contamination radioactive atmosphérique dans les chantiers de démantèlement." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP055.
Full textThe Continuous Air monitors are used in the nuclear facilities for ensuring the radiation protection of workers who are likely to be confronted to radioactive aerosols. The CAM behavior are evaluated under IEC normative conditions. In atmospheric conditions as measured in decommissioning nuclear sites, outside of IEC, wrongs CAM behavior are observed. Which correspond to the false positives triggering. The aim of this thesis work is to enhance the knowledge about the CAM behavior when it is faced to outside IEC normative conditions. A specific experimental chamber has been designed, inside which the reproduction of the dismantling nuclear site atmosphere is achievable. Thus, this experimental chamber made it possible, in the laboratory, the study of the behavior of a CAM type ABPM203M. With the results we have, on the one hand, highlighted the conditions which lead to unexpected behavior of the CAM and, on the other hand, demonstrated the reasons why a false positive alarm is often emitted under these conditions, outside IEC. At the synthesis of the results of the study, a new measurement process was proposed, which makes it possible, on the one hand, to consider both the characteristics of non-radioactive aerosols and those of radioactive aerosols and on the other hand, to improve the measurement achieved out by the CAM to always ensure the radiation protection of workers
Diao, Pape Sanoussy. "Système de détection embarqué ULB millimétrique pour la perception de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2005/document.
Full textWith the current context of security challenges, small objects detection is becoming a major issue in the fight against malicious acts. However, developments in millimeter-band technologies and the potential of these bands, particularly around 60 GHz, can facilitate the design of increasingly efficient systems to meet these challenges. This thesis is part of this context to propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) millimeter-wave detection system for short-range applications.After a detailed state-of-the-art of the fundamentals of detection, we present a validation of the radar cross-section (RCS) estimation by simulations with HFSS software and by measurements in anechoic chamber. These two studies allowed us to identify the essential elements for system analysis and the critical parameters for the detection of canonical objects such as cylinders and plates.Once the system analysis was identified, we proposed a multi-band detection approach based on monostatic radar to improve the detection coverage of the systems, but also and especially to overcome the limitation of objects detection according to their orientation in relation to the antenna boresight. We also proposed a simple architecture (transceiver) that could be associated with the detection principle. The system design allowed us to identify low noise amplifiers (LNAs) as critical elements of the receiver and thus establish their specifications to achieve the targeted performances.A comparison of IHP's SG13S and OMMIC's D007IH technologies is conducted in the last part of this work. The choice of technology is justified and the design of LNAs under ADS Keysight is detailed. A simulation of the entire system based on the performance of the designed LNAs and RCS simulations is presented to illustrate the implementation of detection. Finally, detection performances are evaluated for cylindrical targets and the contributions of the proposed system are illustrated in comparison with conventional single-band detection
Timofeeva, Maria. "Sonde magnétique inductive de haute sensibilité et conditionneur adapté très faible impédance : Perspectives de détection mixte Electrique : Magnétique, sans contact, à haute sensibilité, pour impédance-métrie résolue en volume." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2049.
Full textThis PhD thesis was carried out in the framework of a contract CIFRE between the GREYC laboratory and the company Inphynix. The objective is the study and development of high performance magnetometers, based on search coils and associated transimpedance amplifier with a perspective of simultaneous measurement of both Electric E and Magnetic H fields. The magnetometer specifications were a high bandwidth, a high dynamic range and a small volume occupancy. A theoretical and experimental study of compact search coils dedicated were performed. The spatial resolution for search coils with different geometrical forms was studied. Differential current amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers optimized for this application were studied especially for differential signal mode transfer and noise. An original differential search coil based magnetometer, made of coupled coils, operating in flux mode and connected to a differential transimpedance amplifier has been developed. It was shown that this structure is better than two separated coils in terms of volume occupancy, spatial resolution, noise and low cut-off frequency. The structure of an original mixed E-H field sensor and its amplifier has been defined. Key words: Search coil sensor, Magnetometer, Transimpedance amplifier, Differentiel current amplifier, Spatial resolution, mixed E-H field sensor
Azevedo, Goncalves João Carlos. "Développement de bancs de caractérisation pour la mesure de bruit et la détection de puissance entre 130 GHz et 320 GHz." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I116.
Full textThanks to advances in silicon technologies, it is now possible to design complex circuits in the millimeter frequency band above 110 GHz. The design of these systems relies on the use of accurate and reliable models of passive and active devices such as MOS or bipolar transistors. In order to ensure the validity of these models above 110 GHz, it is necessary to perform measurements above 110 GHz. However, beyond this frequency, the current test bench and methods of characterization are reaching their limits. These thesis studies are fully in line with this problem related to the increasing frequency of characterization needs, whose objective is the development of characterization benches for noise and power measurement between 130 GHz and 320 GHz. The work carried out has addressed the development of a noise receiver that has enabled the characterization of noise sources developed up to 260 GHz. The last problem dealt with by this work was the development of a high frequency power detector up to 320 GHz, with a large measurement dynamic range and a sufficiently high sensitivity to ensure an accurate and reliable measurement
Cagniant, Antoine. "Développement et modélisation d'un spectromètre multidétecteur Ge/Si pour la détection des ultra-traces de produits de fission dans l'environnement." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066151/document.
Full textFor the verification of the Comprehensive nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the measurement of fission products trace levels in the environment is fundamental. Such measurement is a key indicator of a nuclear explosion. For constant amelioration of these measurements, the CEA/DAM-Ile de France has developed and installed a new dedicated surface spectrometer. Named GAMMA3, it is equipped with three germanium detectors, two silicon detectors (integrated in a dedicated gas cell, the PIPSBox) and includes an optimized shielding.This shielding reduces greatly the interference of environmental photons, muons and neutrons with the detectors. The residual radiological background measured inside the shielding is the community’s lowest for a surface laboratory. This set of high energy resolution detectors allows the operator to optimize a measurement according to the sample geometry, activity or nature. More precisely, a radioactive noble gas can be measured by photon/electron coincidence, an active sample can be measured by photon/photon coincidence, and a low-active sample can be measured in a high-efficiency configuration. Combining optimized shielding and optimized measurement, Minimum Detectable Activities required for CTBT certification are obtained quickly. Specifically, MDA is reached in 5 hours for 140-Ba (24 mBq), in 6h30 hours for 131m/133m-Xe (5 mBq) and in 7h15 for 133-Xe (5 mBq), when CTBT requirement is in 6 days
Zarif, Yussefian Nikta. "Mise en oeuvre d'un mode d'imagerie par transillumination et détection multi-vue à ultra-faible bruit dans l'imageur QOS[indice supérieur TM] pour imagerie moléculaire optique sur petit animal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5891.
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