Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection de la région de peau'
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Hassani, Asma. "Analyse des mouvements 3D en temps réel pour un dispositif médical destiné au maintien de l'indépendance fonctionnelle des personnes âgées à domicile." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS004/document.
Full textWe propose in this manuscript a realtime3D movement analysis system for inhomefunctionalabilities assessment in aged adults. As a first step, the purpose is to maintain the functionalindependence of this population and to allow an earlier detection of a motor decompensation inorder to facilitate a rehabilitation process. To quantify the equilibrium quality of a subject, webuilt a system using the Kinect sensor in order to analyze a simple clinical test validated in geriatricrehabilitation: the Timed Up and Go (TUG). Three experiments conducted in heterogeneousenvironments (laboratory, day hospital and home) showed good measurement reliability of theidentified parameters. In particular, they allow to assign a motor control note indicating themotor frailty. Then, we proposed a video processing chain to increase the robustness of theanalysis of the various TUG phases: automatic detection of the sitting posture, patientsegmentation and three body joints extraction. The results of this work allow us to considerseveral perspectives. First, we believe conduct experiments on a larger population in order toconfirm the system reliability. Then, various technical and ergonomic improvements would benecessary to facilitate general public use. Finally, it would be interesting to extend the proposedmethodology for other clinical test to prolong the autonomy at home
Pelletier, Jessie. "Le contact peau-à-peau précoce chez des nouveau-nés à terme : l'expérience vécue par des mères et des pères primipares." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33615.
Full textRigaudières, Cécile. "Région Aquitaine, maladies de peau : de la superstition au traitement scientifique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P030.
Full textDamerval, Christophe. "Ondelettes pour la détection de caractéristiques en traitement d'images. Application à la détection de région d'intérêt." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287008.
Full textZheng, Huicheng. "Modèles de maximum d'entropie pour la détection de la peau : application au filtrage de l'internet." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Zheng.pdf.
Full textDans un troisième temps, nous ajoutons des contraintes sur les couleurs des pixels voisins. Le modèle obtenu est à nouveau un champs de Markov mais contenant un très grand nombre de paramètres. Afin, aussi bien d'estimer les paramètres de ces modèles que d'effectuer de l'inférence, c'est à dire, étant donné une image couleur, calculer la probabilité pour chaque pixel qu'il corresponde à de la peau, nous proposons d'approximer, localement, le graphe associé aux pixels par un arbre. On dispose alors de l'algorithme "iterative scaling" pour l'estimation des paramètres et de l'algorithme "belief propagation" pour l'inférence. Nous avons effectué de nombreuses études expérimentales afin d'évaluer les performances respectives des différents modèles, en particulier en modifiant la taille et la géométrie des arbres. Dans le cas du projet européen Poesia, nous avons utilisé notre détecteur de peau en entrée d'un système de classification utlisant la méthode des réseaux neuronaux pour bloquer les pages webs indésirable pour les enfants. Nous avons obtenu des résultats extrèmement encourageants
Ait, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif basé région." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932263.
Full textRot, Pascale. "Détection de "Giardia intestinalis" et de "Cryptosporidium SP. Dans les eaux en région parisienne." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P244.
Full textAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif base région." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2143/.
Full textObject segmentation and tracking is a challenging area of ongoing research in computer vision. One important application lies in robotics where the ability to accurately segment an object of interest from its background is crucial and particularly on images acquired onboard during robot motion. Object segmentation technique consists in separating the object region from the image background according to a pre-defined criterion. Object tracking is a process of determining the positions of moving objects in image sequences. Several techniques can be applied to ensure these operations. In this thesis, we are interested to segment and track objects in video sequences using active contour method due to its robustness and efficiency to segment and track non-rigid objects. Active contour method consists in making a curve converge from an initial position around the object to be detected towards this object boundary according to a pre-defined criterion. We employ criteria which depend on the image regions what may impose certain constraints on the characteristics of these regions as a homogeneity assumption. This assumption may not always be verified due to the heterogeneity often present in images. In order to cope with the heterogeneity that may appear either in the object of interest or in the image background in noisy images using an inadequate active contour initialization, we propose a technique that combines local and global statistics in order to compute the segmentation criterion. By using a radius with a fixed size, a half-disk is superposed on each point of the active contour to define the local extraction regions. However, when the heterogeneity appears on both the object of interest and the image background, we develop a new technique based on a flexible radius that defines two half-disks with two different radius values to extract the local information. The choice of the value of these two radii is determined by taking into consideration the object size as well as the distance separating the object of interest from its neighbors. Finally, to track a mobile object within a video sequence using the active contour method, we develop a hybrid object tracking approach based on region characteristics and on motion vector of interest points extracted on the object region. Using our approach, the initial active contour for each image will be adequately adjusted in a way that it will be as close as possible to the actual boundary of the object of interest so that the evolution of active contour based on characteristics of the region will not be trapped by false contours. Simulation results on synthetic and real images validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Coustou, Didier. "Exanthème asymétrique périflexural de l'enfant: étude prospective clinicopathologique et épidémiologique en région Aquitaine, étude étiologique cas/témoins." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23016.
Full textEl, Fkihi Sanaa. "Modèles probabilistes indexés par les arbres : application à la détection de la peau dans les images couleur." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838214.
Full textFkihi, Sanaa El. "Modèles probabilistes indexés par les arbres : application à la détection de la peau dans les images couleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10079/document.
Full textSkin detection or segmentation is considered as an important preliminary process in a number of existing systems ranging over face detection, filtering Internet images, and diverse human interaction areas. Nevertheless, there are two skin segmentation challenges: the pattern variability and the scene complexity. This thesis is devoted to define a new approach for modeling the skin probability distribution. ln the aim of dealing with the skin detection problem, we investigate the models of probability trees to approximate skin and non-skin probabilities. These models can represent a joint distribution in an intuitive and efficient way. Hence, we have proposed three main approaches to seek a perfect tree model estimating the skin probability distribution: (1) the model of dependency tree that approximates the skin and the non skin probability distribution together, (2) the mixture of trees' model, and (3) the combination of trees' model. The first proposed model is based on the optimal spanning tree principle combined to an appropriate relevant criterion that we have defined. The contribution takes into account both the interclass and the intra class between skin and non skin classes, and the interactions between a given pixel and its neighbors. The rationale behind proposing the second model is that in sorne cases the approximation of true class probability given by an optimal spanning tree (OST) is not unique and might be chosen randomly, while this model will take the advantages of the useful information represented on each OST. The mixture of trees' model consists in mixing the structures of the OSTs and their probabilities with the aim of seeking a perfect spanning tree. This latter emphasizes the dependencies' degrees of data, and approximates effectively the true probability distribution. Finally, the third model is defined to deal with a particular kind of multiple OSTs. This model is a parallel combination of different classifiers based on the OSTs. A mathematical theory, proving and specifying the appropriate approach to be used (mixture of trees or combination of trees) depending on the considered OSTs' kind, is presented in this thesis. In addition to experimental results, on the Compaq database, showing the effectiveness and the high reliability of our three approaches
Daguet, Valérie. "Etude des méthodes de détection des radicaux libres : évaluation des effets des radiations ultraviolettes sur les protéines de la peau." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P132.
Full textRaoux, Matthieu. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la détection des stimuli cutanés par les kératinocytes humains." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20651.
Full textHuman epidermal keratinocytes express the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). VRAC is inhibited by the referenced skin irritant heptylamine. Hypotonicity reduces the inhibition of VRAC by heptylamine, which acts through its incorporation into the plasma membrane. Physico-chemical stimuli such as irritants, bradykinine, histamine, menthol and mechanical stimulations mobilize Ca2+ in keratinocytes from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, mechanical stimulations, heptylamine and bradykinine cause a [Ca2+]iindependent release of ATP from keratinocytes. Once released, ATP acts autocrinally and contribute to the Ca2+ mobilization. Thus, ATP appears as an essential molecular mediator of the keratinocytes-sensory nerve endings communication. Keratinocytes might be the resonance chamber of the sensory detection system
Vernet, Jean-Raymond. "Étude des relations entre les données atmogéochimiques, hydrogéochimiques et géophysiques en vue de la détection des minéralisations uranifères, (bassin permien de Lodève, Hérault, France)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20152.
Full textEtty, Claude Aubert. "Détection des insectes par radar Doppler polarimétrique : application à l'étude d'une zone côtière." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30194.
Full textKhalil, Kamel. "Utilisation de bioindicateurs végétaux (lichens et tabac) dans la détection de la pollution atmosphérique de la région lyonnaise." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10048.
Full textMalenfant, Priscilla. "Étude sur la capacité de détection du delirium par les infirmières du soutien à domicile." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28254/28254.pdf.
Full textAchour-Brahmi, Abla. "Détection et variabilité génétique de l'herpèsvirus humain-6 (HHV-6) in vivo." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066265.
Full textGarrec, Nathalie. "Détection et étude de la survie de Listeria monocytogenes dans les boues d'épuration destinées à l'épandage." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0023.
Full textOccurrence of Listeria sp. Was studied in sewage sludge from three sewage treatment plants in the city of Angers and its suburb. Results have revealed the occurrence of these species in all types of sludge analysed for one year at concentrations inferior to 3 x 104 MPN g-1 dry matter. Among the strains isolated from sludge four Listeria species were identified : L. Innocua, L. Seeligeri, L. Welshimeri and L. Monocytogenes. Characterisation of L. Monocytogenes strains has showed a predominance of serotypes frequently implicated in listeriose cases. The use of an immunocapture step coupled with a subsequent detection of L. Monoçvtogenes on Rapid'L. Mono agar or by PCR-ELISA improved the specific détection of this species in 48 h. The evaluation of the viability of two virulent strains of L. Monocytogenes has shown that these two strains were not able to enter in viable but non culturable state in microcosm derived from sludge for six months
Sidibe, Dro Désiré. "Une technique de relaxation pour la mise en correspondance d'images: Application à la reconnaissance d'objets et au suivi du visage." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263567.
Full textSébille, Sophie. "Détection de cibles pour la neuromodulation dans les maladies neurodégénératives : nouveaux apports de l'IRM de diffusion." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066188/document.
Full textThe aging of the population has led to the emergence of many age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Neuromodulation techniques can be proposed to some patients when medications are no longer effective or have invalidating side effects. The objective of this PhD is to better characterize brain structures in order to optimize neuromodulation targeting and thus increase the therapeutic benefits for patients.The first area of research concerns the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), which is a neuromodulation target being evaluated for Parkinsonian patients who suffer from walking and balance disorders. We explored the anatomical connectivity of the MLR and the results led us to consider the pedonculopontin nucleus (PPN), which is a part of the MLR, as the target of neuromodulation to privilege. However, partial loss of cholinergic neurons in the PPN has been shown in Parkinsonian patients. The second project consisted in studying the topography of this loss in different pathological groups. Our results show that the maximum density of cholinergic neurons in all the subjects is situated at +3 mm from the superior edge of the PPN and is the optimal target for its neuromodulation. Finally, we constructed a 3D atlas of the healthy human brainstem in order to guide the implantation of electrodes in the MLR.The second area of research concerns the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, which is the usual neuromodulation target for essential tremors. We applied various targeting methods of the Vim and compared the locations. We found differences in distance between targets greater than 1.5 mm which may affect the neuromodulation results
Mojica, Abrego Alexis. "Application des méthodes géophysiques à la détection des sites précolombiens dans la région centrale de Panama et paramétrisation géoarchéologique dans le site hispanique de Panama Viejo." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066692.
Full textKahoul, Mohamed. "Détection de la pollution mercurielle dans les sols et sédiments d'oued et relation avec la microflore fongique "in-situ" dans la région d'Azzaba (N. E. Algérie)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18008.
Full textCaron, Yves. "Contribution de la loi de Zipf à l'analyse d'images." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4012.
Full textOur work concerns the application to image analysis of a statistical model adapted from linguistic analysis known as Zipf law. First we present the main power law models, their different interpretations and their main applications. Then we present their application to images, their properties and the characteristics of images they can put into evidence. We also present an application of Zipf law for quality evaluation of compressed images. Another application is the use of Zipf law and inverse Zipf law for object and region of interest detection in images. The different results obtained show the interest of this model. By all these applications we show that our approach can contribute to the resolution of image analysis problems which are still open
Briand, Jean-François. "Cyanobactéries toxiques : prolifération et production toxinique de deux espèces de la région parisienne, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii et Planktothrix agardhii. Développement d'un bio-essai sur neuroblastomes pour la détection des toxines de type PSP." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0007.
Full textSerhan, Mireille. "Valorisation durable des laits de chèvre de la région du Nord Liban. Transformation en fromage "Darfiyeh" et établissement de caractéristiques physico-chimiques et microbiologiques en vue de la création d'une appellation d'origine." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL073N/document.
Full textIn order to contribute for the preservation of the Lebanese dairy heritage, the aim of this study was to characterize Darfiyeh cheese, a traditional variety made from raw goats' milk and ripened in goat's skin. Parallel to this objective, and for a better understanding of Darfiyeh ripening, aroma transfer towards goat skin was conducted through an experimental device. Three independent batches of Darfiyeh production were analyzed after 20, 40 and 60 days of ripening. Physico-chemical results showed that Darfiyeh is a semi-hard goat's milk cheese which undergoes a moderate proteolysis and lipolysis. 3-methyl butanal, 1-phenyl ethanol and 1-octanol contribute to the distinctive aromatic fraction of Darfiyeh. As for microbiological results, bacterial counts (Log cfu.g-1 cheese) for mesophilic lactobacilli (7.1-10.4), thermophilic coccal-shaped lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (6.6-8.4) and thermophilic lactobacilli (5.5-7.2) were found. In order to explore Darfiyeh natural ecosystem, a combination of classical and molecular approaches was applied. Classical identification revealed members of the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) profiles revealed common bands between the classical identification. Species-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR) confirmed the presence of S. thermophilus, E. faecium, E. durans, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris. Real time PCR enabled quantification of S. thermophilus and E. faecium, with a detection threshold of 104 ufc.g-1 of Darfiyeh and a range of 107-109 ufc.g-1 of Darfiyeh, respectively. As for aroma transfer towards goat skin, absorption and permeability of three model aroma molecules (2-butanone, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanol) in aqueous solution/goat skin system were followed, after 20, 40 and 60 days of exposure. Until 40 days, the transfer of aroma molecules was dependent on their physico-chemical properties and exposure time. After 60 days, the molecules migrate from the skin to the aqueous solution. Therefore, in such a simulated system, aromatic molecules seem to move under a cyclic way. This work is a first scientific and technical contribution to the preservation of traditional Lebanese cheesemaking
El, Sayed Abdul Rahman. "Traitement des objets 3D et images par les méthodes numériques sur graphes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH19/document.
Full textSkin detection involves detecting pixels corresponding to human skin in a color image. The faces constitute a category of stimulus important by the wealth of information that they convey because before recognizing any person it is essential to locate and recognize his face. Most security and biometrics applications rely on the detection of skin regions such as face detection, 3D adult object filtering, and gesture recognition. In addition, saliency detection of 3D mesh is an important pretreatment phase for many computer vision applications. 3D segmentation based on salient regions has been widely used in many computer vision applications such as 3D shape matching, object alignments, 3D point-point smoothing, searching images on the web, image indexing by content, video segmentation and face detection and recognition. The detection of skin is a very difficult task for various reasons generally related to the variability of the shape and the color to be detected (different hues from one person to another, orientation and different sizes, lighting conditions) and especially for images from the web captured under different light conditions. There are several known approaches to skin detection: approaches based on geometry and feature extraction, motion-based approaches (background subtraction (SAP), difference between two consecutive images, optical flow calculation) and color-based approaches. In this thesis, we propose numerical optimization methods for the detection of skins color and salient regions on 3D meshes and 3D point clouds using a weighted graph. Based on these methods, we provide 3D face detection approaches using Linear Programming and Data Mining. In addition, we adapted our proposed methods to solve the problem of simplifying 3D point clouds and matching 3D objects. In addition, we show the robustness and efficiency of our proposed methods through different experimental results. Finally, we show the stability and robustness of our methods with respect to noise
Gourcuff, Claire. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation du gyre subpolaire de l’Atlantique Nord à partir des données Ovide et des mesures satellitaires." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2042.
Full textThe cyclonic circulation of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, between 50°N and 63°N, plays a key role in the climate variability. The Ovide program contributes to the observation of the circulation in this region. A section is repeated every two years in summer since 2002 between Greenland and Portugal following a path close the Fourex 1997 section. To get transport estimates across the sections, a geostrophic box inverse model is used, constrained with direct current measurements. Our new estimates of Fourex transports show the need to use constraints temporally associated with the section to get transports estimates representative of the circulation at the section realisation dates. It is also shown that altimetry velocities can be used instead of ADCP measurements to get transports across sections with the inverse model, provided that the a priori errors is correctly evaluated. Analysis of circulation across Ovide 2006 section display significantly weaker transports compared to 1997, 2002 and 2004, for aIl the main currents as well as for the Meridional Overturning Cell and the heat transport. Altimetry is used to interpret surface variability along the Ovide section from 1992 to 2007. An index is defined, which seems to indicate that northward surface transport was especially low during the whole year 2006 and turn back to less extreme values in the following years. Variability in freshwater fluxes across Fourex 1997, Ovide 2002, 2004 and 2006 sections is revealed in the last chapter, together with the EGCC position. This coastal current transport represents 15% of the total freshwater transport across the section
Ngo, Tran Thanh. "Shadow/Vegetation and building detection from single optical remote sensing image." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD032/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is devoted to the detection of shadows, vegetation and buildings from single high resolution optical remote sensing images. The first part introduces a new method for simultaneously detecting shadows and vegetation. Several shadow and vegetation indices were investigated and merged using the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory so as to obtain a segmentation map with three classes : “shadow”, “vegetation” and “other”. However, the performance of the fusion is sensitive to noise since it processes at a pixel-level. A Markov random field (MRF) is thus integrated to model spatial information within the image. In the second part, a novel region growing segmentation technique is proposed. The image is oversegmented into smaller homogeneous regions which replace the rigid structure of the pixel grid. An iterative region classification-merging is then applied over these regions. At each iteration, regions are classified using a MRF-based image segmentation, then, according to the position of shadows, regions having the same class are merged to produce shapes appropriate to rectangles. The final buildings are estimated using the recursive minimum bounding rectangle method from the final classification. These two algorithms have been validated on a variety of image datasets and demonstrate their efficiency
Retière, Nicolas. "Étude des défauts dans les associations onduleur-machine asynchrone : exemple d'une chaine de traction." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0190.
Full textReshef, Aymeric. "Dual-rotation C-arm cone-beam tomographic acquisition and reconstruction frameworks for low-contrast detection in brain soft-tissue imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0044.
Full textInterventional C-arm systems are real-time X-ray imaging systems, that can perform tomographic acquisitions by rotating the C-arm around the patient ; however, C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) achieves a lower contrast resolution than diagnostic CT, which is necessary in order to benefit from the clinical information of soft tissues in the brain. We propose a new C-arm CBCT acquisition and reconstruction framework to increase low-contrast detection in brain soft-tissue imaging. In order to emulate a bow-tie filter, a dualrotation acquisition is proposed. To account for all the specificities of the dual-rotation acquisition, a dedicated iterative reconstruction algorithm is designed, that includes the ramp filter in the cost function. By switching from filtered backprojection (FBP) to backprojection-filtration (BPF) reconstruction methods, we propose an alternative, direct reconstruction method for dual-rotation acquisitions. For single-rotation acquisitions, the method ensures to perform as good as FBP with arbitrarily coarse angular sampling in planar geometries, and provides a different approximation from the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm in the cone-beam geometry. Although we used it to emulate a virtual bow-tie, our dual-rotation acquisition framework is intrinsically related to region-of-interest (ROI) imaging through the truncated acquisition. With few or no modification of the proposed reconstruction methods, we successfully addressed the problem of ROI imaging in the context of dual-rotation acquisitions
Enficiaud, Raffi. "Algorithmes multidimensionnels et multispectraux en Morphologie Mathématique : approche par méta-programmation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003122.
Full textLyet, Arnaud. "Conservation des populations françaises de vipère d’Orsini : approche multidisciplinaire et intégrative." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20173.
Full textThe Mediterranean region is one of the 25 hotspots in the world. This biological richness is linked from centuries with human-made seminatural habitats, such as agropastoral grasslands. Since the end of the 19th century, the rural decolonization is followed by land abandonment and that conducts to alteration of seminatural grasslands by encroachment and afforestation. Consequences of this habitat alteration are investigated on a rare endemic species particularly difficult to detect, the Orsini's meadow viper (Vipera ursinii). This study shows that populations are fragmented and isolated, and have a high within spatial structure. Four distinct evolutionary units have been identified, each one representing an original and unit part of the genetic variability of the species in France, whose loss should be considered as definitive. Our results show that the species range is narrow extended compared to suitable habitats. This difference does not result from non detection bias neither missing of an important parameter in using models but rather by a low colonization ability of sites which became favourable after the last glaciation. We showed that prescribed fire effects used to maintain open grasslands are strongly unfavourable to the Orsini's meadow viper. In last, analysis of forest management with theoretical approach showed the strong potentiality of forest cuttings to population status improvement. Thus, this thesis aims to define a simple and effective method to obtain quickly an assessment of populations status and extinction risks of this rare species difficult to detect. In addition results obtained on this species are of broader inferences to understand impact of afforestation due to pastoral abandonment, near-future climatic change and management practice that are currently proposed for Mediterranean species with low dispersal rate
Ampou, Eghbert Elvan. "Caractérisation de la résilience des communautés benthiques récifales par analyse d'images à très haute résolution multi-sources : le cas du parc national de Bunaken, Indonésie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30305/document.
Full textThe INDESO (Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography) project, in collaboration with the Indonesian Government (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - MMAF) and the French company CLS (Collecte Localisation Satellites), promotes the use of space technologies for monitoring coastlines and Indonesian seas. This thesis is part of coral reef monitoring component, led by the IRD (Institute de Recherche pour le Développement). The main objective was to determine wether coral reef habitats on Bunaken Island in Northern Sulawesi are resilient, using (i) newly desgined habitat maps, (ii) in situ data, and a unique 15-year time series of satellite images of different very high resolution (VHR) sensors, and (iii) ancillary data that could explain the changes detected. The results include highly detailed maps of the Bunaken reefs habitat (194 polygons mapped and a census of 175 habitats). The influence of sea level fall on coral mortality during the El-Nino event of 2015 - 2016 is presented in detail, and the importance of this process is also discussed from the interpretation of a unique time series of 15 years of VHR images. The temporal series reveals very different trajectories of the coral habitats. We conclude that Bunaken reefs demonstrate an ability to resileince and without phase shift, but that a definitive diagnosis of their resilience remains difficult to determine by imagery. Habitat trajectories can not be fully interpreted without changing some monitoring paradigms and without using a combination of remote sensing and in situ data
Bertolino, Pascal. "Contribution des pyramides irrégulières en segmentation d'images multirésolution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005028.
Full textSarda, Estève Roland. "Étude de la variabilité des bioaérosols atmosphériques en région île de France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ004.
Full textAtmospheric bioaerosols are particles of primary biological aerosols suspended in the air and referred in the literature as: Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAPs). PBAPs have very different sizes and coposition. They have the ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei and thus participate in the water cycle on earth. They can be transported far from their sources and they can in this way colonize new ecosystems. Their allergenic or pathogenic propoeries have an impact on human and animal health. This work on the variability of atmospheric bioaerosols in the Ile de France region concerns pollens, molds and bacteria. The observations were made in the boundary layer at the SIRTA/LSCE observatory. This pioneering work in the Ile-de-France region had the objective to: (1) document the interannual, seasonal and daily variability specific to each of the PBAPs, (2) determine their respective geographical origins, (3) study the meteorological parameters that control their life cycle in the atmosphere. My last objective (4) has been to develop an on line instrumenst to measure in real time BPAPs concentrations with a focus on pollen
N'Guyen, Yohan. "Détection moléculaire des formes complètes et tronquées en région 5’non codante des Entérovirus et conséquences sur la réponse inflammatoire chez des patients souffrant de myocardite ou de cardiomyopathie dilatée Virus detection and semiquantitation in explanted heart tissues of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy adult patients by use of PCR coupled with mass spectrometry analysis Enterovirus but not Parvovirus B19 is associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and endomyocardial CD3, CD68, or HLA-DR expression Major Persistent 5' Terminally Deleted Coxsackievirus B3 Populations in Human Endomyocardial Tissues Enterovirus Persistence in Cardiac Cells of Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Linked to 5' Terminal Genomic RNA-Deleted Viral Populations With Viral-Encoded Proteinase Activities." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMM203.
Full textMajor enterovirus (EV) populations characterized by 5’ terminal genomic RNA deletions (TD) ranging up to 50 nucleotides were previously identified in cardiac tissues from acute myocarditis and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Dynamics of emergence and impact of various EV-TD populations onto the inflammatory response remains unknown. Using a PCR-MS approach EV-RNAs were detected alone (32%) or with PVB19 genomes in 48 % of patients with an idiopathic DCM. Among these patients, EV- RNA was associated with a positive endomyocardial CD3, CD68 ou HLA-DR immunostaining. In these EV-DCM cases, a quantitative "RACE-PCR" system showed that 37 to 50 nt EV-TD forms were the major persistant viral populations (80%) in association with 15 to 36 nt EV-TD (19%) and full-length (FL) (1%) forms. In samples from myocarditis cases, levels of 37 to 50 nt EVB-TD forms (84%) appeared to be statistically higher than other EV-TD (8%) and FL forms (8%) (P<10-3). Among severe myocarditis cases subgroup, levels of 15 to 36 nt EV-TD forms were significantly higher (P=0.02)) and associated with higher IFN-β mRNA levels (P=0.02)) than in non-severe myocarditis patients. HCM transfection of synthetic 8 to 36 nt EV-TD forms induced higher IFN-β mRNA (P<10-3) and cytokine levels (P=0.02) comparatively to those obtained after transfection by others deleted EV RNA forms. EV-RNA TD populations appeared to be major in acute myocarditis and DCM cases. Moreover, the proportions of minor 15 to 36nt EV-TD forms could modulate the innate immune sensing mechanisms in cardiomyocytes and therefore the clinical severity of cardiac infection
Blamoutier, Margaux. "Cartographie des seuils de détection cutanés de la région périnéale chez l'homme." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3838/1/M11828.pdf.
Full textLang, Feng Mei. "Suivi des changements des utilisations/occupations du sol en milieu urbain par imagerie satellitale de résolution spatiale moyenne : le cas de la région métropolitaine de Montréal." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8470.
Full textNowadays land use/land cover maps at regional scale are commonly generated with satellite data of medium spatial resolution (between 10 m and 30m). The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) in the United States and the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Land Cover program in Europe, both based on LANDSAT images, are two typical examples. However, these maps become rapidly obsolete, especially in highly dynamic areas such as mega cities and metropolitan areas. In many applications, such as to monitor the water quality affected by the Land use/Land cover (LULC) change, the spread of invasive species, policy making for city managers, annual updating of LULC maps is required. Since 2007, the USGS offers access to ortho-rectified LANDSAT imagery free of charge. Both archived (since 1984) and recently acquired images are available. Without doubt, such data availability will stimulate the research on fast and cost effective methods and techniques for “continuous” regional land cover/use map updating using medium resolution satellite imagery. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of such medium resolution satellite imagery for providing information on changes useful for the continuous updating of LULC maps at a regional scale in the case of the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC) area, a typical North American metropolis. Previous studies have demonstrated that many factors could affect the results of automatic change detection such as: (1) the characteristics of the images (spatial resolution, spectral bands, etc.); (2) the method itself used to automatically detect changes; and (3) the complexity of the landscape. In the study site except for the Central Business District (CBD) and some commercial streets, land uses (industrial, commercial, residential, etc.) are well delimited. Thus this study was focused on the other factors affecting change detection results, namely, the characteristics of the images and the method of change detection. We used 6 spectral bands of LANDSAT TM/ETM+ with 30 m spatial resolution and 3 spectral bands of ASTER-VNIR with 15 m spatial resolution to evaluate the impact of image characteristics on change detection. Concerning the change detection method, we decided to compare two types of automatic techniques: (1) techniques providing information principally on the location of changed areas,and (2) techniques providing information on both the location of changed areas and the type of changes ("from-to" classes). The main conclusions of this research are as follows: Change detection techniques such as image differencing or change vector analysis applied to LANDSAT multi-temporal imagery provide an accurate picture of changed areas in a fast and efficient manner. They can thus be integrated in a continuous monitoring system for a rapid evaluation of the volume of changes. The produced maps could be helpful to guide the acquisition of high spatial resolution imagery if a detailed identification of the type of changes is required. Change detection techniques such as principal component analysis and post-classification comparison applied to LANDSAT multi-temporal imagery could provide a relatively accurate picture of “from-to” classes but at a very general thematic level (for example, built-up to green space and vice-versa, forest lands to bare soil and vice-versa, etc.). ASTER images with better spatial resolution but with less spectral bands than LANDSAT images do not provide more detailed thematic information (for example forest land to commercial or industrial areas). The results indicate that future research should be focused on the detection of changes in the vegetation cover as medium resolution imagery is highly sensitive to this type of surface cover. Maps indicating the location and the type of changes in vegetation cover are in itself very useful for various applications, such as environmental monitoring or urban hydrology, and can be used as indicators on land use changes. Techniques such as change vector analysis or vegetation indices could be used to this end.