Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection de mots clés'
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Ben, Ayed Yassine. "Détection de mots clés dans un flux de parole." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005753.
Full textLe travail que nous présentons dans ce manuscrit s'inscrit dans le cadre de la détection de mots clés dans un flux de parole. Tout d'abord, nous proposons de nouveaux modèles ``poubelles'' fondés sur la modélisation des mots hors-vocabulaire. Puis nous introduisons la reconnaissance à base de boucle de phonèmes, dans laquelle nous appliquons différentes fonctions de récompense favorisant la reconnaissance des mots clés.
Ensuite nous proposons l'utilisation des mesures de confiance afin de pouvoir prendre la décision de rejeter ou d'accepter un mot clé hypothèse. Les différentes mesures de confiance proposées sont basées sur la probabilité d'observation acoustique locale. En premier lieu, nous utilisons les moyennes arithmétique, géométrique et harmonique comme mesures de confiance pour chaque mot clé. En second lieu, nous proposons de calculer la mesure de confiance en se basant sur la méthode à base de boucle de phonèmes.
Enfin nous présentons le problème de détection comme un problème de classification où chaque mot clé peut appartenir à deux classes différentes, à savoir ``correct'' et ``incorrect''. Cette classification est réalisée en utilisant des Support Vector Machines (SVM) qui constituent une nouvelle technique d'apprentissage statistique. Chaque mot clé reconnu est représenté par un vecteur caractéristique qui constitue l'entrée du classifieur SVM. Pour déterminer ce vecteur, nous utilisons la probabilité d'observation acoustique locale et nous introduisons ensuite la durée de chaque état. Afin d'améliorer les performances, nous proposons des approches hybrides combinant les modèles poubelles avec mesure de confiance et mesure de confiance avec SVM.
Pour tester les performances de l'ensemble de ces modèles nous utilisons la base de données française SPEECHDAT. L'évaluation de tous les résultats a été réalisée en se basant sur les courbes ROC et les courbes rappel/précision. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus par les méthodes basées sur l'utilisation des SVM. Les méthodes hybrides nous ont permis aussi de réaliser de bonnes performances.
Razik, Joseph. "Mesures de confiance trame-synchrones et locales en reconnaissance automatique de la parole." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10072/document.
Full textIn automatic speech recognition, confidence measures aim at estimating the confidence we can give to a result (phone, word, sentence) provided by the speech recognition engine. In this thesis, we propose several confidence measures which are able to provide this estimation for applications using large vocabulary and on-the-fly recognition, as keyword indexation, broadcast news transcription, and live teaching class transcription for hard of hearing childs. We have defined two types of confidence measures. The first, based on likelihood ratio, are frame-synchronous measures which can be computed simultaneously with the recognition process of the sentence. The second ones are based on an estimation of the posterior probability limited to a local neighborhood of the considered word, and need only a short delay before being computed on the sub word graph extracted from the recognition process. These measures were assessed and compared to a state-of-the-art one, which is also based on posterior probability but which requires the recognition of the whole sentence. Two evaluations were performed on a real broadcast news corpus. The first one used the Equal Error Rate criterion in an automatic transcription task. The second evaluation was performed in a keyword spotting task. We achieved performance close to our reference measure with our local measures and a delay of less than one second. We also integrated one of our frame-synchronous measures in the decoding process of the recognition engine in order to improve the solution provided by the system and then to decrease the word error rate. We achieved to decrease the word error rate of around 1%
Ramiandrisoa, Iarivony. "Extraction et fouille de données textuelles : application à la détection de la dépression, de l'anorexie et de l'agressivité dans les réseaux sociaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30191.
Full textOur research mainly focuses on tasks with an application purpose: depression and anorexia detection on the one hand and aggression detection on the other; this from messages posted by users on a social media platform. We have also proposed an unsupervised method of keyphrases extraction. These three pieces of work were initiated at different times during this thesis work. Our first contribution concerns the automatic keyphrases extraction from scientific documents or news articles. More precisely, we improve an unsupervised graph-based method to solve the weaknesses of graph-based methods by combining existing solutions. We evaluated our approach on eleven data collections including five containing long documents, four containing short documents and finally two containing news articles. We have shown that our proposal improves the results in certain contexts. The second contribution of this thesis is to provide a solution for early depression and anorexia detection. We proposed models that use classical classifiers, namely logistic regression and random forest, based on : (a) features and (b) sentence embedding. We evaluated our models on the eRisk data collections. We have observed that feature-based models perform very well on precision-oriented measures both for depression or anorexia detection. The model based on sentence embedding is more efficient on ERDE_50 and recall-oriented measures. We also obtained better results compared to the state-of-the-art on precision and ERDE_50 for depression detection, and on precision and recall for anorexia detection. Our last contribution is to provide an approach for aggression detection in messages posted by users on social networks. We reused the same models used for depression or anorexia detection to create models. We added other models based on deep learning approach. We evaluated our models on the data collections of TRAC shared task. We observed that our models using deep learning provide better results than our models using classical classifiers. Our results in this part of the thesis are in the middle (fifth or ninth results) compared to the competitors. We still got the best result on one of the data collections
Razik, Joseph. "Mesure de confiance trame-synchrones et locales en reconnaissance automatique de la parole." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185747.
Full textDans cette thèse nous proposons des mesures de confiance capables de faire cette estimation dans le cas d'applications nécessitant une reconnaissance "grand vocabulaire" en flux continu comme l'indexation en mots clés ou la transcription en ligne d'émissions radiophoniques et télévisuelles, ou bien encore la transcription du cours d'un enseignant dans une salle de classe pour des élèves malentendants.
Dans ce cadre, nous avons défini deux types de mesure de confiance. Les premières, fondées sur des rapports de vraisemblance, sont des mesures trame-synchrones qui peuvent être calculées au fur et à mesure de la progression du moteur de reconnaissance au sein de la phrase à reconnaître. Les secondes, fondées sur une estimation de la probabilité a posteriori limitée à un voisinage local du mot considéré, nécessitent seulement un court délai avant de pouvoir être calculées.
Ces mesures ont été évaluées et comparées à une mesure de l'état de l'art également fondée sur la probabilité a posteriori mais nécessitant la reconnaissance de toute la phrase. Cette évaluation a été faite d'une part dans une tâche de transcription automatique d'un corpus réel d'émissions radiophoniques issu de la campagne ESTER et en utilisant le critère d'évaluation EER (Equal Error Rate) ; d'autre part dans une tâche de détection de mots clés sur le même corpus. Des performances très proches de celles de la mesure de l'état de l'art ont été obtenues par nos mesures locales avec un délai de moins d'une seconde.
Nous avons également intégré l'une de nos mesures trame-synchrones dans le processus de décodage du moteur de reconnaissance afin d'améliorer la solution proposée par le système et ainsi diminuer le taux d'erreur en mots d'environ 6% en relatif.
Enfin, une de nos mesures de confiance a permis par la mise en valeur de mots de faible confiance d'améliorer la compréhension de malentendants.
Le, Blouch Olivier. "Décodage acoustico-phonétique et applications à l'indexation audio automatique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/657/.
Full textToday, the amount of available digital audio is growing and automatic processing of data becomes essential. A limiting factor of this treatment is the heterogeneity of these documents. They can be professionals like news or generated and shared online by users, with various recording conditions and languages. In this thesis, we study the feasibility of applications of robust automatic indexing of documents based on an acoustico-phonetic decoding of speech, called DAP. The DAP allows an automatic transcription of a speech signal into phonemes, units smaller than words that can potentially maintain the intelligibility of speech. First, we propose a DAP system guided by syllabic information and we highlight the value of integrating this information into the decoding. We also introduce a new modelization of syllables. This engine is evaluated on the test campaign ESTER. The second part of our study is built around a keyword spotting engine based on the flow from our phonetic decoding. We suggest a simple and fast method, which is robust to false alarms and avoids the classical computation of the criterion of maximum likelihood. For this, we introduce an appropriate management for errors of phonetization : coarticulation phenomena and false alarms. In particular, we propose techniques for phonetic expansion using phonetic grammars. The system is evaluated throughout the study by the detection of country names in the test corpus ESTER. We present to complete the system currently implemented and integrated in the platform demonstration of Orange Labs dedicated to searching and browsing content
Firoozeh, Nazanin. "Semantic-oriented Recommandation for Content Enrichment." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD033.
Full textIn this thesis, we aim at enriching the content of an unstructured document with respect to a domain of interest. The goal is to minimize the vocabulary and informational gap between the document and the domain. Such an enrichment which is based on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval technologies has several applications. As an example, flling in the gap between a scientifc paper and a collection of highly cited papers in a domain helps the paper to be better acknowledged by the community that refers to that collection. Another example is to fll in the gap between a web page and the usual keywords of visitors that are interested in a given domain so as it is better indexed and referred to in that domain, i.e. more accessible for those visitors. We propose a method to fll that gap. We first generate an enrichment collection, which consists of the important documents related to the domain of interest. The main information of the enrichment collection is then extracted, disambiguated and proposed to a user,who performs the enrichment. This is achieved by decomposing the problem into two main components of keyword extraction and topic detection. We present a comprehensive study over different approaches of each component. Using our findings, we propose approaches for extracting keywords from web pages, detecting their under lying topics, disambiguating them and returning the ones related to the domain of interest. The enrichment is performed by recommending discriminative sets of semantically relevant keywords, i.e. topics, to a user. The topics are labeled with representative keywords and have a level of granularity that is easily interpretable. Topic keywords are ranked by importance. This helps to control the length of the document, which needs to be enriched, by targeting the most important keywords of each topic. Our approach is robust to the noise in web pages. It is also knowledge-poor and domain-independent. It, however, exploits search engines for generating the required data but is optimized in the number of requests sent to them. In addition, the approach is easily tunable to different languages. We have implemented the keyword extraction approach in 12 languages and four of them have been tested over various domains. The topic detection approach has been implemented and tested on English and French. However, it is on French language that the approaches have been tested on a large scale : the keyword extraction on roughly 400 domains and the topic detection on 80 domains.To evaluate the performance of our enrichment approach, we focused on French and we performed different experiments on the proposed keyword extraction and topic detection methods. To evaluate their robustness, we studied them on 10 topically diverse domains.Results were evaluated through both user-based evaluations on a real application context and by comparing with baseline approaches. Our results on the keyword extraction approach showed that the statistical features are not adequate for capturing words importance within a web page. In addition, we found our proposed approach of keyword extraction to be effective when applied on real applications. The evaluations on the topic detection approach also showed that it can electively filter out the keywords which are not related to a target domain and that it labels the topics with representative and discriminative keywords. In addition, the approach achieved a high precision in preserving the semantic consistency of the keywords within each topic. We showed that our approach out performs a baseline approach, since the widely-used co-occurrence feature between keywords is notivenough for capturing their semantic similarity and consequently for detecting semantically consistent topics
Tarbague, Hakim. "Étude et mise au point d’une plateforme de biodétection de micro-organismes couplant immunocapteur a ondes de love et dispositfs pdms microfluidiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14290/document.
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Rocher, Thomas. "Analyse et modélisation des informations tonales dans la musique occidentale." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14406/document.
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Karanasou, Panagiota. "Phonemic variability and confusability in pronunciation modeling for automatic speech recognition." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843589.
Full textLeyssenne, Laurent. "Design of reconfigurable radiofrequency power amplifiers for wireless applications." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13901.
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Redinciuc, Nicoleta. "La stylistique et la poétique de la traduction du teste littéraire (Roumain-Français)." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0051.
Full textThis thesis is structured upon two complementary aspects : first the art of translation approached in its general focus, and of self-translation particularly, secondly, analysis of the translations of Parait Istrati. We will discuss three fundamental creations of Istrati ; the romanian author who wrote in french and then translated his works into Romanian narudy ; Kyra Kyralina, Oncle Aughel and Tsatsa Irenka. In this way, the interventions operated by the translator-author Istrati vary with the motivations for which he decided to resort to a translation version of his own ext. Under such circonstances the process of translation will be followed in its two directions : from mental romanian into written French and frome written French into written Romanian. The above mentionned textx of Istrati have been also translated by others, among there by Eugen Barbu who actually made a re-translation parallel to the self-translations of the autor
Montreuil, Florent. "Extraction de structures de documents par champs aléatoires conditionnels : application aux traitements des courriers manuscrits." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652301.
Full textMontreuil, Florent. "Extraction de structures de documents par champs aléatoires conditionnels : application aux traitements des courriers manuscrits." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES047.
Full textThe automatic processing of written documents is a very active field in the industry. Indeed, due to the mass of written documents to process, the automatic analysis becomes a necessity, but the performance of current systems is highly variable according to the types of documents processed. For example, treatment of unconstrained handwritten documents remains an unsolved issue because two technological obstacles that hinder the development of reliable automatic processing of handwritten documents : - the first is the recognition of handwritten in those documents - the second is related to the existence of widely variability in the document structures. This thesis focuses on solving the second bolt in the case of unconstrained handwritten documents. For this, we have developed reliable and robust methods to analyze document structures based on the use of Conditional Random Fields. The choice of Conditional Random Fields is motivated by the ability of these graphical models to take into account the relationships between the various entities of the document (words, phrases, blocks,. . . ) and integrate contextual knowledge. In addition, the use of probabilistic modeling gifted learning overcomes the inherent variability of the documents to be processed. The originality of the thesis also addresses the proposal of a hierarchical approach for extracting joint physical (segmentation of the document into blocks, lines, ldots) and logical (functional interpretation of the physical structure) structures by combining low-level physical features (position, graphic,. . . ) and high-level logical (keyword spotting). The experiments carried out on handwritten letters show that the proposed model represents an interesting solution because of its discriminatory character and his natural ability to integrate and contextualize the characteristics of different kinds
Toussay, Xavier. "Expression et fonction des présénilines vasculaires et exploration de l’hypothèse vasculaire de la Maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13949/document.
Full textPresenilins PS1 and PS2 are involved in several cellular functions through their ?- secretase proteolytic activity, which cleaves many substrates including the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Mutations in presenilins genes are responsible for the majority of familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presenilins mutations increased production of ß-amyloid peptide (Aß) that accumulates in the brain parenchyma and the vascular wall, and affect calcium signals in several cell types. The vasculature of patients with AD is structurally and functionally affected before cognitive impairment appearance. In addition, cardiovascular diseases are major risk factors for sporadic forms of AD. As the molecular basis of the vasculopathy associated with AD is not established, we chose presenilins as target molecule in the vascular system. We showed the expression of presenilin and protein partners of ?-secretase complex, nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2 in cerebral and peripheral blood vessels. Vascular wall generate a ?-secretase activity and production of pathogenic Aß peptides supporting the hypothesis of vascular origin of Aß in amyloid pathology. Furthermore, PS1 mutations disturb intracellular calcium signalling in cerebral arteries by first increasing channel activity of Ca2+ release activated by IP3 (IP3R) and second increasing reuptake of Ca2+ by Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump (SERCA). Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis by the mutant presenilins might affect vascular reactivity of cerebral vessels. In conclusion, we demonstrated the physiological importance of presenilins in the vascular network and our studies provide new insight on how cerebral blood vessels are involved in the onset of clinical symptoms of AD such as the overproduction of Aß and cerebral hypoperfusion
Raucent, Benoit. "Identification des paramètres dynamiques des robots manipulateurs." Université catholique de Louvain, 1990. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-07182006-153745/.
Full textMarselli, Catherine. "Data processing of a navigation microsystem." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2078.
Full textThis research is part of a Swiss French academic project whose goal was the determination of some limits in the design and use of microtechnologies and microsystems, using as a common thread example a navigation system based on microaccelerometers and angular rate microsensors (gyros). The entire project was divided into four parts, including design at the component level as well as at the system level. This PhD report describes the data processing of the navigation microsystem realised at the Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory of the Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel. Current low-cost microsensors are less expensive but less accurate that mechanical or optical sensors. In a navigation system, the accelerometer and gyro outputs are integrated, leading to the accumulation of the errors. Thus, the measured trajectory becomes quickly wrong and a corrective system has to be designed. Hence, the goals of the data processing system is to compute the navigation parameters (position, velocity, orientation) while preventing the trajectory from diverging, following two approaches: reducing the sensor errors,updating regularly the trajectory using an aiding navigation system
Lavielle, Sébastien. "Synthèse de molécules fluorées pour le développement d'un nouvel outil de nano-imagerie : application à l'imagerie de l'angiogénèse pathologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13934/document.
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Assy, Youssef. "Les mots-clés de la linguistique dans les oeuvres de ses pionniers." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21011.
Full textThis thesis constitutes a comparative evolutionary survey of "key words" underscored in the works of the ploneering linguists. From a list of forty very frequent terms in linguistics, the 23 most representative words were selected on account of their occurrence at the same time in the works of a number of linguists. They are linguistics, language, parole, system, sign, communication, expression, phonology, morphology, syntaxe. . . The survey was made on a corpus of more than thirty thousand sentences in the writings of ten linguists acknowledged pioneers. They are: Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Martinet, Jakobson, Hjelmslev, Guillaume, Benveniste, Pottier and Chomsky. The screening was done, generally, in the work most representative of the author, that is in the work which addresses the most general problems in linguistics. Also all the selected works contain, in their title, the term "language" or the expression "general linguistics"
Zhou, Zhyiong. "Recherche d'images par le contenu application à la proposition de mots clés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2254.
Full textThe search for information in masses of multimedia data and the indexing of these large databases by the content are very current problems. They are part of a type of data management called Digital Asset Management (or DAM) ; The DAM uses image segmentation and data classification techniques.Our main contributions in this thesis can be summarized in three points : - Analysis of the possible uses of different methods of extraction of local characteristics using the VLAD technique.- Proposed a new method for extracting dominant color information in an image.- Comparison of Support Vector Machines (SVM) to different classifiers for the proposed indexing keywords. These contributions have been tested and validated on summary data and on actual data. Our methods were then widely used in the DAM ePhoto system developed by the company EINDEN, which financed the CIFRE thesis in which this work was carried out. The results are encouraging and open new perspectives for research
Fischer, Viktoria. "Les bronzes en contexte palafittique sur les rives du Léman et des Trois-Lacs (Suisse occidentale)." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL018.
Full textSince 1854, the discoveries of pile dwellings in Switzerland have generated very rich collections of archaeological artifacts, currently distributed across various Swiss and European museums and in a few private collections. Among the objects from the Bronze Age, the metal artifacts are emblematic of the Swiss “Sonderfall”. Indeed, thousands of bronze objects dating between the second half of the 11th and 9th century B.C. (end of the Late Bronze Age, or Hallstatt B), challenged the first archaeologists and gave birth to various interpretations. The resuming of the archaeological excavations on the shores of Lake Neuchâtel in the second half of the 20th century renewed an interest in the study of older collections, in spite of the scarcity of relevant contextual data. Interpretations from the 19th century, portraying palafittic bronze artifacts as uniquely consisting of lost objects or domestic litter, can no longer be accepted. Later schools of thought, including our own research, explain the immersion of palafittic bronze objects as a result of voluntary acts.Our research is based on the study of a representative sample of bronze objects, consisting of ten archaeological collections coming from Lake Geneva and the Three-Lakes (Neuchâtel, Bienne, Morat). This sample contains more than 17000 objects. Three collections come from recent excavations (Auvernier NE Nord, Cortaillod NE Est, Hauterive NE Champréveyres), and have constituted a framework for the study of the older collections, which were assembled during the 19th century (Auvernier NE, Chens-sur-Léman (Haute-Savoie) Tougues, Genève GE Eaux-Vives, Grandson VD Corcelettes-Les Violes, Mörigen BE Bronzestation, Morges VD Grande-Cité, Muntelier FR Steinberg).Our objectives were, firstly, to describe the collections within time and space and, secondly, to propose an interpretation of the object immersion phenomenon, by extending the investigations to other categories of archaeological sites, such as deposits and river finds. The heterogeneity of our sample required the implementation of a specific methodology, based on various levels of analysis. The methodology contrasts the collections of Lake Geneva to those of the Three-Lakes area, followed by the study of each collection separately. In order to reach an even more accurate level of analysis, large concentrations of objects (discovered during recent excavations or mentioned in documents from the 19th century) found in these sites were also examined. The collections were also segregated based on their dating. A few hundred objects from the Early, Middle and beginning of the Late Bronze Age are recurrently present in our collections, and were studied separately from those dating from Hallstatt B. On one hand, the analysis of the collections was based on the amount of artifacts, and on the other, their weight. In order to streamline our data, we defined a method of weight estimation.Our research of these sample objects has produced a set of time- and space-related patterns. These observations have led us to the conclusion that the majority of the studied palafittic bronzes were immersed intentionally, and did not consist uniquely of lost or forgotten domestic
Ali, Amjad. "Higher education in asian countries and the role of international organizations in its development : a comparative study." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665905.
Full textGaucher, Séverine. "Organisation de filière et politiques d'approvisionnement : analyse appliquée au cas des filières agroalimentaires." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1287.
Full textWervaecke, Christelle. "Simulation d' écoulements turbulents compressibles par une méthode d' éléments finis stabilisée." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14121/document.
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Vautrin, Denis. "Régulation et optimisation pour l'imagerie sismique des fondations de pylônes." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692589.
Full textThis thesis deals with the nondestructive testing of transmission overhead line structure foundations. A seismic imaging technique is used. The experimental procedure consists of the generation of a seismic wave near the foundation by means of a vibrating source and the measurement of the resulting wave velocity with a set of geophones. The specific goal of the presented work is to provide an inversion scheme in order to determine the shape of foundations from the measured data. This problem corresponds to an inverse scattering problem. Its resolution is particularly di fficult because of its ill-posedness and the strong nonlinearity of the direct model. Two inversion methods have been developed. Their common aim is to map the spatial distribution of several physical characteristic of the probed medium. In both cases, a regularized least squares criterion is minimized iteratively. For the first approach, little a priori information is considered. It is based on a Markovian regularization scheme. The differences between neighboring pixels are penalized so that the algorithm converges towards smooth areas separated by sharp boundaries. The second approach takes more relevant priors into consideration. They are related to the particular shape of foundations and to the physical characteristics of earth and concrete. The method is based on a segmentation of the probed area into two regions. Tests were performed on simulated data to evaluate and compare the performance of these two methods
Gadek, Guillaume. "Détection d'opinions, d'acteurs-clés et de communautés thématiques dans les médias sociaux." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR18/document.
Full textOnline Social Networks have taken a huge place in the informational space and are often used for advertising, e-reputation, propaganda, or even manipulation, either by individuals, companies or states. The amount of information makes difficult the human exploitation, while the need for social network analysis remains unsatisfied: trends must be extracted from the posted messages, the user behaviours must be characterised, and the social structure must be identified. To tackle this problem, we propose a system providing analysis tools on three levels. First, the message analysis aims to determine the opinions they bear. Then, the characterisation and evaluation of user accounts is performed thanks to the union of a behavioural profiling method, the study of node importance and position in social graphs and engagement and influence measures. Finally the step of user community detection and evaluation is accomplished. For this last challenge, we introduce thematic cohesion scores, completing the topological, graph-based measures for group quality. This system is then applied on two corpora, extracted from two different online social media. The first is constituted of messages published on Twitter, gathering every activity performed by a set of 5,000 accounts on a long period. The second stems from a ToR-based social network, named Galaxy2, and includes every public action performed on the platform during its uptime. We evaluate the relevance of our system on these two datasets, showing the complementarity of user account characterisation tools (influence, behaviour and role), and user account communities (interaction strength, thematic cohesion), enriching the social graph exploitation with textual content elements
Dupoux, Emmanuel. "Identification des mots parlés : détection de phonèmes et unité prélexicale." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0327.
Full textNguyen, ThiMongNgoc. "Estimation récursive pour des modèles semi-paramétriques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14107/document.
Full textPlanchon, Mariane. "Interactions en eau de rivière entre nanoparticules de TiO2 et micro-organismes bactériens." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0011.
Full textDue to their particular properties inherent to their very little size, the nanomaterials are widely used in many industrial applications. However, their impact on humans and environment is still uncertain. This study is dedicated to a deep understanding of the physicochemical and biological interactions between environmental microorganisms: Synechocystis (cyanobacteria essential for the biosphere) and Escherichia coli with titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles. The complexity of the study of nanoparticles requires a different approach (multidisciplinary) from those of toxicity tests of classic compounds. Indeed, we showed that the physicochemical parameters (stability, aggregation and surface chemistry) of nanoparticles is dependant of the contact medium and strongly influence the toxicity. Furthermore, the physicochemical interactions (flocculation, adsorption) are linked to the microorganism nature and structure, and especially the presence of exopolysaccharides (for Synechocystis) as natural barrier between the cell wall and the nanoparticles. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs turns out to be limited under natural conditions, which can be explained by an heterogeneous exposition of the bacterial population leading to a preservation from this stress of a major part of this population
Hutin, Emilie. "Caractérisation de la coordination motrice des membres inférieurs lors de la marche des patients hémiparétiques." Valenciennes, 2011. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d342048b-9b1d-437d-84b8-a37f2bcbd2e0.
Full textParesis, muscle hyperactivity and soft tissue retraction are the main mechanisms responsible for the gait disturbance in hemiparesis. In the rehabilitation management of hemiparetic patients, clinicians try to determine the responsibility of each mechanism, and to quantify the impact of treatments on movement organization and gait efficiency. Inter-segmental coordination analysis, using measurement of the continuous relative phase in the sagittal plan, can assist in reaching these objectives. The amount of dephasing between lower limb segments, in each phase of the gait cycle, sheds light on the coordination pattern. Relevant parameters of the inter-segmental continuous relative phase may reveal specific information such as the predominance of neurological and orthopedic factors implied in the kinematic deficits, the impact of various gait rehabilitation conditions, or treatment-related benefits. This analysis, complementary to routine clinical examination, may also disclose specific motor deficits in the paretic lower limb, and compensatory strategies at work in the non-paretic lower limb. The findings reported in this thesis may encourage rehabilitation clinicians to carefully study coordination patterns, which may help define optimized treatments to lessen gait impairment in spastic paresis
Ben, Rejeb Slim. "Étude théorique et numérique de quelques problèmes cinétiques." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0029.
Full textOuisse, Vincent. "Production primaire et respiration des communautés d’herbiers à zostères : rôle dans le cycle du carbone en milieu côtier." Paris 6, 2010. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01110521.
Full textEymard, Gilbert. "Traitement documentaire des sommaires : des mots-clés à l'extraction de connaissances : application à une documantation technique." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21038.
Full textAfter having made clear, in the first part, the distinction between searching for documents and searching for elements of information in a document, the author justifies the choice of table of contents as a very adequate basis for information processing. In the second part, in leaning mainly on the contents of technical literature about the minitel, the author verifies that the study of the contents notably improves the efficiency and the reliability of the technics of automatic key-word indexing. At the stage of indexation then that of document searching, it is possible to sport and then to use "key-pluriterms" that suitably represent concepts or complex notions of a corpus. At the stage of searching for elements of information in a structured document, the search is first limited within autonomous and coherent structural units consisting of the hierarchical and logical lay out of titles instead of being immediatly carried out on the non-structured length of a text. In the third part, the author deals with the improvements brought about by the linguistical treatment of headings, particularly as regards "lemmatisation" of words, correct segmentation of the constituents of a clause and finding out the "objects" of a text. Lastly considering that the linguistical improvements remain rectricted when applied to information processing, the author suggests that it be used chiefly for automatic knowledge
Nasseri, Arezou. "Les difficultés d'apprentissage de l'écrit en français d'apprenants iraniens : le cas des étudiants des niveaux intermédiaire et avancé des instituts de langues de Téhéran." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL048.
Full textGomes, Barbara. "Le droit du travail à l’épreuve des plateformes numériques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100122.
Full textDigital employment platforms build their business model away from the scope of regulations that would traditionally apply to their line of business (for example, private passenger transport companies), the first of which is labour law. It is argued they serve as mere intermediaries between demand and supply, and as such, the status of employee (and sometimes of a worker altogether) is denied. Instead, preference is given to presumed independence via civil and commercial contracts. As a consequence, individuals working for these platforms are not protected by labour law (ex: termination of employment regulation, collective negotiation rights, maternity leave, unemployment benefits, etc.).Yet, when an organisation develops a commercial and economic activity entailing the use of contracts depending on labour power as its very basis for existence, it is difficult to affirm absence of labour or independence. Employment platforms are not mere intermediation platforms; rather, they are productive entities which draw their dynamics from competitive patterns on the market, far more than traditional firms would.The calling into question of social law they spark is part and parcel of a determinist vision of labour law, which claims that law must necessarily adapt to economy’s requirements. This in no way means that law is helpless in the face of these new models. Quite the contrary, the disrupt they bring forward reflects the history of law’s very construction, for French but also European and international law, and calls for it to reassert its demands and ambitions
Coulin, Chad Raymond. "Une Approche Situationnelle et un outil intelligent pour l'élicitation collaborative des exigences." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195833.
Full textHenrion, Didier. "Polynômes et optimisation convexe en commande robuste." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00246118.
Full textGanzhorn, Anne-Céline. "L'impact rhéologique de la fusion partielle de la croûte continentale : l'exemple de la Région des Gneiss de l'Ouest, Norvège." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066808.
Full textOccurrence of migmatites within internal core of collision orogens reveals that partial melting of their crustal root occurred during their prograde and/or retrograde pressure-temperature path. If partial melting of the continental crust is generally considered as a weakening process, relationships between partial melting, deformation and mechanical behaviour of migmatites are poorly constrained. This work corresponds to an integrated study from the field to numerical simulations through laboratory experiments. The field approach led to conclude that both gneiss and eclogite facies lenses underwent first water-present and then dehydration partial melting. Field study was coupled with an experimental study of natural migmatite mechanical behaviour performed at realistic temperatures on slightly anisotropic and homogeneous partially molten gneiss. Static experiments revealed that at 750¡C and 300MPa, partial melting reaction of the natural protolith is a water-present reaction. In the presented deformation experiments, the strength drop occurs as soon as 4% of melt proportion, which belongs to the lowest estimates of rheological threshold. The last part of this work deals with numerical modelling using the simulation software ELLE. Coupling between grain-size processes such as boundary migration and viscous deformation reveals that development of microstructures depends on wetting angle and strain rate
Duquesnes, Vincent. "De l'hydruration du titane et ses alliages : impact des paramètres de mise en forme du matériau et conséquences sur sa durabilité en milieu corrosif." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS054/document.
Full textMamy, Nina. "La condition des femmes originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest en France entre enfermement et émancipation : éléments de réflexions sociopolitique et juridique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD004.
Full textNo abstract
Traoré, Makhroufi Ousmane. "Marge de manoeuvre, négociations et pouvoir de décision : les souverains de la Sénégambie dans le système des relations internationales transatlantiques et dans l'évolution du capitalisme moderne du XVe au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040093.
Full textRosa, Eric. "Quantification et traçage géochimique des exports fluviaux : exemples de bassins hydrographiques du Canada." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0011.
Full textThe predictability of changes in the quality and quantity of renewable water resources relies on a quantitative study of the mechanisms that control these parameters. In connection with this problem, this study favors an approach based on the geochemical monitoring of dissolved riverine exports (δ2H-18O, major cations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), [Nd], [Sr], 87Sr/86Sr, [U], (234U/238U)). The study aims at (i) tracing the water cycle and at (ii) quantifying rock chemical weathering rates in major river basins in central and eastern Canada. The study area covers more than 2. 8 x106 km2 over 15 degrees of latitude and encompasses the major basins of Hudson Bay, James and Ungava (HJUB) as well as the St. Lawrence River. The Koksoak, Great Whale, La Grande, Nelson, Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers were monitored in time whereas ten other rivers flowing within the same region were sampled during spring snowmelt and summer baseflow, providing complementary data. The studied rivers present systematic seasonal 18O-2H patterns with amplitudes reaching 1 to 5 ‰ (18O). Heavy-isotope depletions mark the snowmelt event and gradual heavy-isotope enrichments occur in response to evaporation during the ice-off season. The La Grande River constitutes an exception due to the buffering effect of hydroelectric reservoirs that smooth out the temporal isotopic fluctuations. When reported in a 2H vs 18O chart, the studied rivers define Local Evaporation Lines (LEL) extending below the Meteoric Water Line (MWL). Isotopic mass balance calculations suggest that approximately 10% of the total inflow to the Ottawa River Basin is lost through evaporation before reaching its outlet in the St. Lawrence River. The rivers draining contiguous basins of Northeastern Canada define a River Water Line (RWL) arising from imbricate Local Evaporation Lines (LEL). A method using the distance between the RWL and the MWL is proposed for estimating the average evaporation over inflow ratio (5 to 15%) at the scale of the study area. These rivers also define a latitudinal isotopic gradient (18O (‰ vs. VSMOW) = -0. 36 * Latitude +4. 4 ‰) that is parallel to that reported for precipitation over the same region. This observation suggests that the isotopic gradient inherited rainfall is preserved in rivers, despite the subsequent hydrological processes occurring within the basins. Landscape chemical denudation rates were addressed based on the dissolved chemistry of rivers flowing into the HJUB. The rivers of the Canadian Shield depict major cation concentrations ranging between 62 and 360 μM, neodymium concentrations ([Nd]) of 0. 57 to 4. 72 nM and variable dissolved organic carbon concentrations ([DOC]) (241 – 1777 μM). In comparison, the Nelson River (Interior Platform) shows higher major cation concentrations (1200 – 2276 μM), lower [Nd] (0. 14 to 0. 45 nM) and intermediate [DOC] (753 – 928 M). Within the HJUB basins, the dissolved cation concentrations (Na-K-Mg-Ca-Sr) show seasonal variations that transcribe the effect of hydro-climatic conditions. As for 2H-18O patterns, the dilution caused by snowmelt constitutes the main feature of the seasonal patterns. Altogether, the studied rivers export 8x106 tons*yr-1 of dissolved major cations and 50 tons*yr-1 of dissolved Nd towards the HJUB. Basin scale total rock cationic denudation rates (TRCDR) range from 1. 0 to 5. 3 tons*yr-1*km2 and are essentially controlled by lithology, as illustrated by the relationship established between rock denudation rates and the proportion of sedimentary and volcanic rocks (%S+V) within the basins: TRCDR=0. 08(%S+V)+0. 9. Contrastingly, dissolved Nd exports are decoupled from rock weathering rates and seem to be strongly dependent upon organic matter cycling, as illustrated by the tight coupling between Nd and DOC fluxes. These fluxes decrease northwards, likely in response to the hydro-climatic gradient. Riverine dissolved U contents were studied in order to provide further information regarding weathering sources and processesin the HJUB region. The rivers draining the Canadian Shield vs. That draining the Interior Platform depict distinct [U] vs. (234U/238U) clusters. In the Nelson River (draining the Interior Sedimentary Platform), U-concentrations are highest (1. 05 - 2. 45 nM) whereas (234U/238U) show little variability (1. 21 – 1. 25). U concentrations are comparatively lower in the rivers of the Canadian Shield (0. 04 – 1. 24 nM) whereas (234U/238U) span from 1. 11 to 1. 99. Altogether, the studied rivers export 3. 4x105 moles. Yr-1 of U towards the HJUB, with an amount-weighted average (234U/238U) of 1. 27. At the scale of the study area, U and major cations exports are decoupled, suggesting that rock weathering processes do not solely control U budgets. First-order calculations reveal that U accumulation in peatlands could significantly impact basin-scale U budgets. The distinct [U] vs (234U/238U) clusters defined by the monitored rivers of the HJUB region (Koksoak, Great Whale, La Grande and Nelson) should allow tracing the source of dissolved U in the nearby oceanic domain
Braghtha, Aymen. "Les zéros des intégrales pseudo-abéliennes : un cas non générique." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS042/document.
Full textHenon, Ericka. "Le choix d'un circuit de revente : recherche de contrôle sur la transaction et processus de décision du revendeur." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE008.
Full textAndrieu, H. "Interprétation de mesures du radar Rodin de Trappes pour la connaissance en temps réel des précipitations en Seine-Saint-Denis et Val-de-Marne : intérêt pour la gestion automatisée d'un réseau d'assainissement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462327.
Full textGisbrant-Boinon, Cindy. "La sécurité juridique en droit de la commande publique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOD004.
Full textTouiti, Bouebdellah Lamia. "Détermination des caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques de l'argile molle de Tunis." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614630.
Full textDuret, Florian. "Étude des anomalies de propagation sismique dans la croûte européenne." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0003.
Full textFirst of all, presence of strong radial anisotropy in the middle of the Tibetan crust has been confirmed using records of 2008 Sichuan earthquake's aftershocks that exclusively sampled the Tibetan plateau. Measurements of surface waves' average group velocity dispersion curves and their inversion using Monte-Carlo method showed that introduction of strong mid-crustal radial anisotropy dramatically improves the modeling with respect to isotropic parametrization. We then developed a microseismic noise analysis procedure aimed at extracting the Green's function of the medium from continuous ambient noise records and measuring surface waves group velocity dispersion curves. This procedure has been applied in Europe on a data set composed of a year of broad-band continuous seismic records from about fifty three-components stations. Analysis of the measured dispersion curves via regionalization, and comparison with published work confirmed their validity. We last proposed a 3D S-wave velocity model of the European crust. This model has been obtained by inverting simultaneously reconstructed Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity dispersion curves on each point of the regionalization grid using Monte-Carlo method. We introduced crustal radial anisotropy in the Alps in order to further improve the modeling of both Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves
Mata, Miquel Christian. "Web-based application for medical imaging management." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323093.
Full textEn aquesta tesi es realitza una revisió bibliogràfica de les principals publicacions recents en els últims anys en aplicacions mèdiques basades en web. Aquest estudi analitza els avantatges i inconvenients dels treballs d’investigació en el camp de la imatge mèdica, així com les arquitectures de base de dades per a la gestió d’imatges digitals. La part principal d’aquesta tesi és la implementació d’una eina basada en la web amb la finalitat de demostrar la integritat i aplicació en diferents disciplines mediques. En aquest sentit, l’aplicació proposada en aquest projecte de tesis ha sigut implementada com a eina d’ajuda al diagnòstic de càncer de mama i pròstata. L’objectiu és facilitar el diagnòstic proporcionant un conjunt d’eines de processat d’imatge que permetin una millor visualització de les imatges, i un conjunt d’eines d’anotació de regions sospitoses o malignes (superposicions). Cada anotació permet incloure tots els atributs i especificacions considerades pels experts a l’emetre el diagnòstic final. S’han dissenyat diferents arquitectures per a la gestió de base de dades (per exemple PACS per emmagatzemar imatges monogràfiques). Per altra banda, el conjunt global d’anotacions s’emmagatzemen en una base de dades d’arxius XML associats a les imatges originals. Conseqüentment, aquesta nova arquitectura es presenta amb l’objectiu d’obtenir una base de dades de casos diagnosticats i validats per radiòlegs experts per a la formació de radiòlegs novells. Finalment, conclusions i noves línies d’investigació associades al projecte com a treball futur són presentades en aquesta tesi.
Angeli, Adrien. "Détection visuelle de fermeture de boucle et applications à la localisation et catographie simultanées." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066388.
Full textPeillon, Stéphane. "Indexation vocale à vocabulaire illimité à base de décodage phonétique : application à la détection de clés vocales dans un flux de paroles." Avignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AVIG0128.
Full textMultimedia data storage is currently confronted with a lack of effective document extraction and sorting tools. In the specific context of voice data, we suggest an indexing technique which will enable speech documents to be retrieved by content only. Positioning relevant indexes on the medium enables the amount of information needed later for the key search phase to be greatly reduced. We compare two phonetic index-based indexing methods: one is based on the best possible sequence of phonemes, the other on scales of phonetic hypotheses produced on an automatic a priori segmentation of the corpus. This second mode, called "phoneme synchronized lattice" offers better performance with low additional computation cost, and requires less training for the search engine parameters. In addition, the technique presented in this document enables the detection of voice keywords in both speech and text corpora