Journal articles: 'Detector species'

1

Milne, D. J., M. Armstrong, A. Fisher, T. Flores, and C. R. Pavey. "A comparison of three survey methods for collecting bat echolocation calls and species-accumulation rates from nightly Anabat recordings." Wildlife Research 31, no. 1 (2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03011.

Full text

Abstract:

Bat surveys are frequently undertaken using ultrasonic detectors to determine the species present in an area on the basis of the identity of echolocation calls. We compared three techniques for using the Anabat II detector: the detector pointed along tracks (flyways) versus the detector pointed across tracks (non-flyways); recording output to audio cassette (analogue) versus direct recording to computer (digital); and active hand-held recording versus static automatic recording. In addition, we derived a species-accumulation curve from all-night Anabat recordings in the wet–dry tropics of the Northern Territory. We found no significant difference between flyway and non-flyway recordings; significantly more calls were identified from digital recordings; and significantly more species were detected using hand-held than static recordings. Species-accumulation analysis suggests that the minimum time required to achieve a satisfactory (80%) inventory of bat species at a site is during the three-hour period immediately after sunset. We use our findings to make recommendations for the design of bat surveys using the Anabat II detector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chandler, Darrell P., Gregory J. Newton, Jonathan A. Small, and Don S. Daly. "Sequence versus Structure for the Direct Detection of 16S rRNA on Planar Oligonucleotide Microarrays." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 5 (May 2003): 2950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.5.2950-2958.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A two-probe proximal chaperone detection system consisting of a species-specific capture probe for the microarray and a labeled, proximal chaperone probe for detection was recently described for direct detection of intact rRNAs from environmental samples on oligonucleotide arrays. In this study, we investigated the physical spacing and nucleotide mismatch tolerance between capture and proximal chaperone detector probes that are required to achieve species-specific 16S rRNA detection for the dissimilatory metal and sulfate reducer 16S rRNAs. Microarray specificity was deduced by analyzing signal intensities across replicate microarrays with a statistical analysis-of-variance model that accommodates well-to-well and slide-to-slide variations in microarray signal intensity. Chaperone detector probes located in immediate proximity to the capture probe resulted in detectable, nonspecific binding of nontarget rRNA, presumably due to base-stacking effects. Species-specific rRNA detection was achieved by using a 22-nt capture probe and a 15-nt detector probe separated by 10 to 14 nt along the primary sequence. Chaperone detector probes with up to three mismatched nucleotides still resulted in species-specific capture of 16S rRNAs. There was no obvious relationship between position or number of mismatches and within- or between-genus hybridization specificity. From these results, we conclude that relieving secondary structure is of principal concern for the successful capture and detection of 16S rRNAs on planar surfaces but that the sequence of the capture probe is more important than relieving secondary structure for achieving specific hybridization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Cavallaro, Salvatore. "Plasma-laser ion discrimination by TOF technique applied to coupled SiC detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816704003.

Full text

Abstract:

The rate estimation of nuclear reactions induced in high intensity laser-target interaction (≥1016 W/cm2), is strongly depending on the neutron detection efficiency and ion charge discrimination, according to particles involved in exit open-channels. Ion discrimination is basically performed by means of analysis of pits observed on track detector, which is critically dependent on calibration and/or fast TOF devices based on SiC and diamond detectors. Last setup is used to determine the ion energy and to obtain a rough estimation of yields. However, for each TOF interval, the dependence of yield from the energy deposited in the detector sensitive region, introduces a distortion in the ion spectra. Moreover, if two ion species are present in the same spectrum, the discrimination of their contribution is not attainable. In this paper a new method is described which allows to discriminate the contribution of two ion species in the wide energy range of nuclear reactions induced in laser-target interactions. The method is based on charge response of two TOF-SiC detectors, of suitable thicknesses, placed in adjacent positions. In presence of two ion species, the response of the detectors, associated with different energy losses, can determine the ion specific contribution to each TOF interval.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Johnson, James E., and James E. Lovelock. "Electron capture sulfur detector: reduced sulfur species detection at the femtomole level." Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 8 (April 15, 1988): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00159a016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Locke, Randy J., Jeffrey B. Morris, Brad E. Forch, and Andrzej W. Miziolek. "Ultraviolet laser microplasma–gas chromatography detector: detection of species-specific fragment emission." Applied Optics 29, no. 33 (November 20, 1990): 4987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.29.004987.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sajewicz, Mieczysław, Dorota Staszek, Łukasz Wojtal, Teresa Kowalska, Michał Ł. Hajnos, and Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. "Binary HPLC-Diode Array Detector and HPLC-Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector Fingerprints of Methanol Extracts from the Selected Sage (Salvia) Species." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.1.71.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study is focused on an important family of the sage (Salvia) species, with Salvia officinalis L. having a long-established position in European traditional medicine. Binary fingerprints (chromatographic profiles) of six different sage species were compared using HPLC coupled with two different detectors: the diode-array detector and the evaporative light-scattering detector. Advantages of using binary fingerprinting over single-detector fingerprinting are demonstrated and discussed, with selected examples. Experimental data are provided for a comparison of the chemical composition of sage samples originating from two harvesting seasons (2007 and 2008). A number of phytochemical standards (i.e., certain phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarin) were used that allowed identification and semiquantitative estimation of these particular compounds in the analyzed methanol extracts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Britzke, Eric R., Brooke A. Slack, Mike P. Armstrong, and Susan C. Loeb. "Effects of Orientation and Weatherproofing on the Detection of Bat Echolocation Calls." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072010-jfwm-025.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Ultrasonic detectors are powerful tools for the study of bat ecology. Many options are available for deploying acoustic detectors including various weatherproofing designs and microphone orientations, but the impacts of these options on the quantity and quality of the bat calls that are recorded are unknown. We compared the impacts of three microphone orientations (horizontal, 45°, and vertical) and two weatherproofing designs (polyvinyl chloride tubes and the BatHat) on the number of calls detected, call quality, and species detected by the Anabat II bat detector system at 17 sites in central Kentucky in May and June 2008. Detectors with BatHat weatherproofing recorded significantly fewer call sequences, pulses per file, species per site, and lower quality calls. Detectors in the horizontal position also tended to record fewer files, fewer species, and lower quality calls. These results illustrate potential impacts of deployment method on quality and quantity of data obtained. Because weatherproofing and orientation impacted the quality and quantity of data recorded, comparison of results using different methodologies should be made with caution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Costanzo, Robert B., and Eugene F. Barry. "Gas chromatographic detection of selected organochlorine species using an alternating current plasma detector." Journal of Chromatography A 467 (January 1989): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93990-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hourigan, C. L., Carla P. Catterall, Darryl Jones, and Martin Rhodes. "A comparison of the effectiveness of bat detectors and harp traps for surveying bats in an urban landscape." Wildlife Research 35, no. 8 (2008): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07154.

Full text

Abstract:

Obtaining adequate information for informed conservation-management decisions requires effective and cost-efficient survey techniques. We compared the effectiveness of bat detectors and harp traps for surveying bat assemblages within an urban landscape in Brisbane, Australia, with respect to number and composition of species. Nine sites within each of three habitat types (remnant bushland, parkland, and low-density residential – a total of 27 sites) were sampled twice each. The bat detectors recorded 3628 calls, from which 13 taxa were identified. The harp traps captured 17 individuals, from which five taxa were identified. All species captured by harp trap were also detected by bat detector, with the possible exception of N. bifax. Bat detectors recorded significantly more species per site than were captured by harp traps, both overall and within each of the three habitat types. And although a considerable amount of time and expense was required to identify the recorded echolocation calls to species, bat detectors were also the most cost-efficient sampling method. These results collectively show that bat detectors were the most effective and cost-efficient method for surveying the bat assemblage in this urban landscape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hawrył, Mirosław A. "HPLC-Diode Array Detector Fingerprints of Various Mentha Species." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 1268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgehawryl.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Gradient elution HPLC was applied to develop fingerprints of 12 extracts obtained from selected mint species. The gradient was optimized by use of Merck ChromSword computer software on the basis of retention data of some standard compounds occurring in the investigated plant material. Two column types (RP18 and pentafluorophenyl) and two mobile phases (methanol–water and acetonitrile–water) were used during the experiments. Fingerprints of all extracts were generated, and on the basis of the fingerprints identification of the mints was possible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Avasthi, D. K., D. Kabiraj, A. Jain, and G. K. Mehta. "Depth profile of implanted species with a detector telescope." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 9 (September 1996): 3092–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147450.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hong, Suk-Ju, Sang-Yeon Kim, Eungchan Kim, Chang-Hyup Lee, Jung-Sup Lee, Dong-Soo Lee, Jiwoong Bang, and Ghiseok Kim. "Moth Detection from Pheromone Trap Images Using Deep Learning Object Detectors." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050170.

Full text

Abstract:

Diverse pheromones and pheromone-based traps, as well as images acquired from insects captured by pheromone-based traps, have been studied and developed to monitor the presence and abundance of pests and to protect plants. The purpose of this study is to construct models that detect three species of pest moths in pheromone trap images using deep learning object detection methods and compare their speed and accuracy. Moth images in pheromone traps were collected for training and evaluation of deep learning detectors. Collected images were then subjected to a labeling process that defines the ground truths of target objects for their box locations and classes. Because there were a few negative objects in the dataset, non-target insects were labeled as unknown class and images of non-target insects were added to the dataset. Moreover, data augmentation methods were applied to the training process, and parameters of detectors that were pre-trained with the COCO dataset were used as initial parameter values. Seven detectors—Faster R-CNN ResNet 101, Faster R-CNN ResNet 50, Faster R-CNN Inception v.2, R-FCN ResNet 101, Retinanet ResNet 50, Retinanet Mobile v.2, and SSD Inception v.2 were trained and evaluated. Faster R-CNN ResNet 101 detector exhibited the highest accuracy (mAP as 90.25), and seven different detector types showed different accuracy and speed. Furthermore, when unexpected insects were included in the collected images, a four-class detector with an unknown class (non-target insect) showed lower detection error than a three-class detector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Rao, Yuan, and Arno de Klerk. "Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds: quantitative analysis using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector." Applied Petrochemical Research 11, no. 2 (March 6, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-021-00265-z.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds found in the petrochemical industry are varied and extend beyond classes such as the anilines, pyrroles and pyridines. Quantification of these nitrogen-containing compounds that may occur in complex mixtures has practical application for quality assurance, process development and the evaluation of conversion processes. Selective detection of nitrogen-containing species in complex mixtures is possible by making use of gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), which is also called a thermionic detector. Despite the linearity of the NPD response to individual nitrogen-containing compounds, the response factor is different for different compounds and even isomers of the same species. Quantitative analysis using an NPD requires species-specific calibration. The reason for the sensitivity of the NPD to structure is related to the ease of forming the cyano-radical that is ionized to the cyanide anion, which is detected. The operation of the NPD was related to the processes of pyrolysis and subsequent ionization. It was possible to offer plausible explanations for differences in response factors for isomers based on pyrolysis chemistry. Due to this relationship, the NPD response can in the same way be used to provide information of practical relevance beyond its analytical value and a few possible applications were outlined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Khan, Sulaiman, David Newport, and Stéphane Le Calvé. "A Sensitive and Portable Deep-UV Absorbance Detector with a Microliter Gas Cell Compatible with Micro GC." Chemosensors 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040063.

Full text

Abstract:

Deep-UV absorption spectrometry for detection of toxic airborne gases, for instance, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) has drawn considerable attention owing to its high sensitivity and reliability. However, the development of a deep-UV absorbance detector having good sensitivity, portability, and a low-volume gas cell with applicability for a micro Gas Chromatography (μGC) is challenging. Herein we present a novel, self-referenced, and portable deep-UV absorbance detector with a microliter (275 μL) gas cell having minimal dead volume. It has excellent compatibility with μGC for detection of individual BTEX components in a mixed sample at a sub-ppm level. The design consists of the latest, portable, and cost-effective optical and electronic components, i.e., deep-UV LED, hollow-core waveguide, and photodiodes. The detector directly measures the absorbance values in volts using an integrated circuit with a log-ratio amplifier. The prototype was tested with direct injection of toluene-N2 (1.5 ppm to 50 ppm) and good linearity (R2 = 0.99) with a limit of detection of 196 ppb was obtained. The absorbance detector with μGC setup was tested with a BTEX mixture in N2 at different GC column temperatures. All the BTEX species were sequentially separated and detected with an individual peak for a concentration range of 2.5 ppm to 10 ppm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ziemer, Tim, Julia Koch, Chaitawat Sa-Ngamuang, Myat Su Yin, Mahmoud Siai, Benny Berkhausen, and Deniz Efe. "A bio-inspired acoustic detector of mosquito sex and species." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5146873.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ohara, Y., Y. Miura, H. Kimura, C. Konagai, and H. Takeuchi. "Measurement of neutral beam species ratio by solid‐state detector." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 4 (April 1985): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138279.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Maniatis, N., and Theo J. Mertzimekis. "Geant4 Simulations of the gSPEC Experimental Apparatus." HNPS Proceedings 27 (April 17, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2479.

Full text

Abstract:

A new setup (gSPEC) for the measurements of magnetic moments in exotic species is proposed for development at FAIR, the international nuclear facility currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The experimental setup will use a few of the state–of–the–art segmented DEGAS detectors available at GSI, acquire a new large dipole magnet to induce external magnetic fields required for the application of the Time–Differential Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) technique and integrate ancillary detection systems as part of a research plan to study the properties of exotic species that will made available at FAIR. At the current stage, the envisioned gSPEC setup is still in R&D. Several configurations of the detectors are considered, but optimization relies on detailed simulations of the total efficiency in various geometries. In this work, DEGAS detectors and a split–pole superconducting magnet are studied using the latest GEANT4 simulation package. The simulations aim to offer insight on the detector setup performance before gSPEC is actually constructed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

HERRERA, ANTONIO, AGUSTIN A. ARIÑO, MARIA P. CONCHELLO, REGINA LAZARO, SUSANA BAYARRI, and CONSUELO PEREZ. "Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Spanish Meat Products and Meat of Different Species." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.5.441.

Full text

Abstract:

The level of organochlorine pesticides in 229 samples of Spanish meat and meat products of different species (lamb, pork, beef and poultry) was investigated. Chlorinated residues were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detector using packed and capillary columns. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were detected in all samples. In general, lamb appeared to be more heavily contaminated by HCB and HCH, which reached maximums of 178 ppb (μg/kg on a fat basis) and 505 ppb, respectively. The level of HCB averaged 49 ppb in lamb; varied between 8–18 ppb in pork and beef products; and amounted to 26 ppb in fresh poultry sausages. Of the three isomers of HCH determined, the γ-HCH (lindane) was most frequently detected; 100% in lamb and pork (both meat, cured sausage and pork bologna), and 64 to 94% in fresh sausages of poultry and beef. The level of the HCH group averaged 112 ppb in lamb, 85 ppb in poultry, nearly half that much in pork and pork products, and around 20–40 ppb in beef products. Dieldrin was the only chlorocyclodiene detected: 8 to 15% in pork products, and 28% in fresh poultry sausage. The DDTs in lamb showed 83% of detection, especially in the pp' form of DDE and DDT. The overall contamination with DDT and its metabolites was found to be very moderate averaging 25 ppb, with a maximum of 91 ppb. No residues of aldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, methoxychlor, endosulfan or trans-nonachlor were detected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

IBBOTSON, MICHAEL R., COLIN W. G. CLIFFORD, and RICHARD F. MARK. "A quadratic nonlinearity underlies direction selectivity in the nucleus of the optic tract." Visual Neuroscience 16, no. 6 (November 1999): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523899166021.

Full text

Abstract:

A nonlinear interaction between signals from at least two spatially displaced receptors is a fundamental requirement for a direction-selective motion detector. This paper characterizes the nonlinear mechanism present in the motion detector pathway that provides the input to wide-field directional neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract of the wallaby, Macropus eugenii. An apparent motion stimulus is used to reveal the interactions that occur between adjacent regions of the receptive fields of the neurons. The interaction between neighboring areas of the field is a nonlinear facilitation that is accurately predicted by the outputs of an array of correlation-based motion detectors (Reichardt detectors). Based on the similarity between the output properties of the detector array and the real neurons, it is proposed that the interaction between neighboring regions of the receptive field is a second-order nonlinearity such as a multiplication. The results presented here for wallaby neurons are compared to data collected from directional systems in other species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bohne, Cornelia, Ana Campa, Giuseppe Cilento, Lilian Nassi, and Miguel Villablanca. "Chlorophyll: An efficient detector of electronically excited species in biochemical systems." Analytical Biochemistry 155, no. 1 (May 1986): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(86)90215-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Adiwinata, Yonatan, Akane Sasaoka, I. Putu Agung Bayupati, and Oka Sudana. "Fish Species Recognition with Faster R-CNN Inception-v2 using QUT FISH Dataset." Lontar Komputer : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/lkjiti.2020.v11.i03.p03.

Full text

Abstract:

Fish species conservation had a big impact on the natural ecosystems balanced. The existence of efficient technology in identifying fish species could help fish conservation. The most recent research related to was a classification of fish species using the Deep Learning method. Most of the deep learning methods used were Convolutional Layer or Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This research experimented with using object detection method based on deep learning like Faster R-CNN, which possible to recognize the species of fish inside of the image without more image preprocessing. This research aimed to know the performance of the Faster R-CNN method against other object detection methods like SSD in fish species detection. The fish dataset used in the research reference was QUT FISH Dataset. The accuracy of the Faster R-CNN reached 80.4%, far above the accuracy of the Single Shot Detector (SSD) Model with an accuracy of 49.2%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Yamamoto, Shigeo, M. A. R. Chowdhury, Masako Kuroda, Takako Nakano, Yasuyoshi Koumoto, and Sumio Shinoda. "Further study on polyamine compositions in Vibrionaceae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-022.

Full text

Abstract:

It has previously been reported that norspermidine, one of the unusual polyamines, is present in Vibrio species. To expand this observation, the cellular polyamine compositions of additional species and strains in the family Vibrionaceae (Vibrio, Photobacterium, Listonella, and Shewanella) as well as Aeromonas species and Plesiomonas shigelloides, which have been proposed to be excluded from Vibrionaceae, were determined by using gas–liquid chromatography. Some Vibrio species previously reported were reexamined under the same conditions, and their results are included in this report. Norspermidine was detected as a major triamine in 23 of 24 Vibrio species, all of 4 Listonella species, and 3 of 5 Photobacterium species. Vibrio costicola, Photobacterium fischeri, and Photobacterium phosphoreum contained no norspermidine. Listonella species were indistinguishable from Vibrio species in their polyamine profiles. However, Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 8071, formerly allocated in the genus Alteromonas, contained no norspermidine, and its polyamine profile was similar to those of four Aeromonas species, in which putrescine was exclusively found. Plesiomonas shigelloides was very similar to Escherichia coli in that putrescine and spermidine were predominant polyamines. Our data indicate that the occurrence of norspermidine may be very helpful as a generic marker in identification and classification of Vibrio and Listonella species. A gas–liquid chromatographic method with a nitrogen-selective detector was presented for rapid and sensitive detection of cellular norspermidine. Key words: polyamines, norspermidine, Vibrionaceae, taxonomy, Vibrio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Dallago, Rogério Marcos, Alice Teresa Valduga, Marco Di Luccio, Silvane Benin, and Marcus Vinícius Tres. "Analysis of volatile compounds of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. and its main adulterating species Ilex theizans Mart. ex Reissek and Ilex dumosa Reissek." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, no. 6 (December 2011): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000600017.

Full text

Abstract:

The adulteration of the product Ilex paraguariensis with other Ilex species is a mAjor problem for maté tea producers. In this work, three species of Ilex were evaluated for their volatile composition by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrum detector (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The adulterating species I. dumnosa and I. theizans Mart. ex Reissek presented a different profile of volatile organic compounds when compared to I. paraguariensis. Aldehydes methyl-butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and nonanal were detected only in the adulterating species. This result suggests that such compounds are potential chemical markers for identification of adulteration and quality analysis of products based on Ilex paraguariensis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Sameshima-Saito, Reiko, Kaori Chiba, and Kiwamu Minamisawa. "New Method of Denitrification Analysis of Bradyrhizobium Field Isolates by Gas Chromatographic Determination of 15N-Labeled N2." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 2004): 2886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2886-2891.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT To evaluate the denitrification abilities of many Bradyrhizobium field isolates, we developed a new 15N-labeled N2 detection methodology, which is free from interference from atmospheric N2 contamination. 30N2 (15N15N) and 29N2 (15N14N) were detected as an apparent peak by a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector with N2 gas having natural abundance of 15N (0.366 atom%) as a carrier gas. The detection limit was 0.04% 30N2, and the linearity extended at least to 40% 30N2. When Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 was grown in cultures anaerobically with 15NO3 −, denitrification product (30N2) was detected stoichiometrically. A total of 65 isolates of soybean bradyrhizobia from two field sites in Japan were assayed by this method. The denitrification abilities were partly correlated with filed sites, Bradyrhizobium species, and the hup genotype.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Taylor, Peter J., Götz Neef, Mark Keith, Sina Weier, Ara Monadjem, and Daniel M. Parker. "Tapping into technology and the biodiversity informatics revolution: updated terrestrial mammal list of Angola, with new records from the Okavango Basin." ZooKeys 779 (August 2, 2018): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25964.

Full text

Abstract:

Using various sources, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), published literature, recent (2015–2017) collections, as well as bat detector and camera trap surveys with opportunistic sightings and live capture in the upper Okavango catchment in central Angola, we present an updated mammal checklist of 275 species from 15 different orders for Angola (including the Cabinda region). Recent surveys (captures and bat detectors) of small mammals from the upper Okavango catchment yielded 46 species (33 species of bats, ten species of rodents and three species of shrews). One bat (Pipistrellusrusticus, rusty pipistrelle); two rodents (Mussetzeri, Setzer’s mouse and Zelotomyswoosnami, Woosnam’s broad-faced mouse) and one shrew (Suncusvarilla, lesser dwarf shrew) were captured for the first time, in Angola. While our species lists of bats conformed to predicted totals, terrestrial small mammals were under sampled, with only 13 species recorded by our trapping survey compared to a total of 42 shrew and rodent species expected based on GBIF records for the central Angolan highlands. Seven terrestrial small mammal species (one shrew and six rodents) are endemic to the central and western Angolan highlands but none of these were captured in our survey. The bat detector surveys added three further bat species to the country list: Pipistrellushesperidus, Kerivoulaargentata, and Mopsmidas. Camera trap surveys and opportunistic sightings in the upper Okavango catchment in 2016 yielded a total of 35 species of medium-large mammals, from 17 families, although all of these had been reported previously in Angola. GBIF proved to be an excellent source of biodiversity data for Angolan mammals, most importantly for documenting dramatic historical range changes of larger mammals such as the sable (Hippotragusnigerniger), Kirk’s sable (H.nigerkirkii) and the giant sable (H.nigervariani).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Taylor, Peter J., Götz Neef, Mark Keith, Sina Weier, Ara Monadjem, and Daniel M. Parker. "Tapping into technology and the biodiversity informatics revolution: updated terrestrial mammal list of Angola, with new records from the Okavango Basin." ZooKeys 779 (August 2, 2018): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.25964.

Full text

Abstract:

Using various sources, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), published literature, recent (2015–2017) collections, as well as bat detector and camera trap surveys with opportunistic sightings and live capture in the upper Okavango catchment in central Angola, we present an updated mammal checklist of 275 species from 15 different orders for Angola (including the Cabinda region). Recent surveys (captures and bat detectors) of small mammals from the upper Okavango catchment yielded 46 species (33 species of bats, ten species of rodents and three species of shrews). One bat (Pipistrellusrusticus, rusty pipistrelle); two rodents (Mussetzeri, Setzer’s mouse and Zelotomyswoosnami, Woosnam’s broad-faced mouse) and one shrew (Suncusvarilla, lesser dwarf shrew) were captured for the first time, in Angola. While our species lists of bats conformed to predicted totals, terrestrial small mammals were under sampled, with only 13 species recorded by our trapping survey compared to a total of 42 shrew and rodent species expected based on GBIF records for the central Angolan highlands. Seven terrestrial small mammal species (one shrew and six rodents) are endemic to the central and western Angolan highlands but none of these were captured in our survey. The bat detector surveys added three further bat species to the country list: Pipistrellushesperidus, Kerivoulaargentata, and Mopsmidas. Camera trap surveys and opportunistic sightings in the upper Okavango catchment in 2016 yielded a total of 35 species of medium-large mammals, from 17 families, although all of these had been reported previously in Angola. GBIF proved to be an excellent source of biodiversity data for Angolan mammals, most importantly for documenting dramatic historical range changes of larger mammals such as the sable (Hippotragusnigerniger), Kirk’s sable (H.nigerkirkii) and the giant sable (H.nigervariani).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Cheng, Xiong, and Dujie Hou. "Characterization of Severely Biodegraded Crude Oils Using Negative-Ion ESI Orbitrap MS, GC-NCD and GC-SCD: Insights into Heteroatomic Compounds Biodegradation." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020300.

Full text

Abstract:

A slightly and two severely biodegraded crude oils with the same origin were analysed using negative-ion electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI Orbitrap MS), gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GC-NCD), and GC-sulfur chemiluminescence detector (GC-SCD) to investigate the composition of heteroatomic compounds and their fate during severe biodegradation and to provide insights into biodegradation pathway of hopanes, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. Twelve heteroatomic compound classes, including O1–O5, N1, N2, N1O1–N1O3, N1S1 and O3S1, were detected and assigned unambiguous molecular formulae. The O1 species are likely phenols with additional naphthenic and/or aromatic rings. Carboxylic acids (O2 species) are originated from oxidation of hydrocarbons, and the tricyclic naphthenic acids are the most resistant, followed by bicyclics. Hopanes could be biodegraded by demethylation or by unstable hopanoic acids as intermediates to yield 25-norhopanes. The N1 species are pyrrolic compounds with naphthenic and/or aromatic rings and are dominated by carbazole analogues. Carbazoles with more aromatic rings are more resistant to biodegradation. The N1 species could be converted to N1O1 and N1O2 compounds via ring-opening and hydroxylation pathways. The N1S1 species contain a pyrrolic and cyclic sulfide structure, which are highly recalcitrant to biodegradation. Benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes might be biodegraded via the complete pathway or the sulfur-specific pathway rather than by other pathways to yield acidic oxygenated sulfur compounds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Cheng, Xiong, and Dujie Hou. "Characterization of Severely Biodegraded Crude Oils Using Negative-Ion ESI Orbitrap MS, GC-NCD and GC-SCD: Insights into Heteroatomic Compounds Biodegradation." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020300.

Full text

Abstract:

A slightly and two severely biodegraded crude oils with the same origin were analysed using negative-ion electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI Orbitrap MS), gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GC-NCD), and GC-sulfur chemiluminescence detector (GC-SCD) to investigate the composition of heteroatomic compounds and their fate during severe biodegradation and to provide insights into biodegradation pathway of hopanes, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. Twelve heteroatomic compound classes, including O1–O5, N1, N2, N1O1–N1O3, N1S1 and O3S1, were detected and assigned unambiguous molecular formulae. The O1 species are likely phenols with additional naphthenic and/or aromatic rings. Carboxylic acids (O2 species) are originated from oxidation of hydrocarbons, and the tricyclic naphthenic acids are the most resistant, followed by bicyclics. Hopanes could be biodegraded by demethylation or by unstable hopanoic acids as intermediates to yield 25-norhopanes. The N1 species are pyrrolic compounds with naphthenic and/or aromatic rings and are dominated by carbazole analogues. Carbazoles with more aromatic rings are more resistant to biodegradation. The N1 species could be converted to N1O1 and N1O2 compounds via ring-opening and hydroxylation pathways. The N1S1 species contain a pyrrolic and cyclic sulfide structure, which are highly recalcitrant to biodegradation. Benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes might be biodegraded via the complete pathway or the sulfur-specific pathway rather than by other pathways to yield acidic oxygenated sulfur compounds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Connette, Grant M., and Raymond D. Semlitsch. "Successful use of a passive integrated transponder (PIT) system for below-ground detection of plethodontid salamanders." Wildlife Research 39, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11055.

Full text

Abstract:

Context Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology allows for permanent and unambiguous marking of animals and has recently been adapted for locating tagged individuals in the field with portable detection systems. Aims We seek to assess the effects of PIT tagging on the growth and survival of plethodontid salamanders in the laboratory and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for subterranean detection of salamanders in the field. Methods In a laboratory experiment, we assigned 36 Plethodon shermani to either a PIT tag or control group and compared survival and growth rates over the course of 9 weeks. For the field study, we implanted six Plethodon metcalfi with PIT tags and conducted surveys so as to determine their below-ground positions with a portable detector. Key results We found no effect of PIT tagging on either growth or survival in the laboratory. In the field, PIT telemetry resulted in an overall detection efficiency of 44%, with nighttime surveys yielding a greater detection efficiency than daytime surveys. This technique provided a significant improvement over traditional hand-capture because detected salamanders were rarely visible on the ground surface. Key conclusions Our study indicates that even these relatively small-bodied salamanders (range: 2.14–5.18 g) are capable of bearing PIT tag implants and confirms the results of previous studies that found no effect of PIT tagging on the health or survival of amphibians. This study further demonstrates that the use of a portable PIT detector can be an effective method for locating below-ground salamanders. Implications Because of the small size and long lifespan of PIT tags, we believe portable PIT detectors can provide researchers with an unprecedented level of detail for studies of the movement behaviour, spatial ecology and management of species that are small or otherwise challenging to detect and monitor with other techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Moser, Ariella Y., Wendy Y. Brown, Lewis A. Bizo, Nigel R. Andrew, and Michelle K. Taylor. "Biosecurity Dogs Detect Live Insects after Training with Odor-Proxy Training Aids: Scent Extract and Dead Specimens." Chemical Senses 45, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Detector dogs could be trained to find invasive insect pests at borders before they establish in new areas. However, without access to the live insects themselves, odor training aids are needed to condition dogs to their scent. This proof-of-concept study assessed 2 potential training aids for insect detection: a scent extract and dead specimens of the target species. Using Musgraveia sulciventris (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) as an experimental model, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to compare the chemical headspaces that make up the odors of live specimens and these 2 training aids. This was then followed by canine scent-detection testing to investigate biosecurity detector dogs’ (n = 4) responses to training in an ecologically valid context. Both the scent extract and the dead specimens shared the majority of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with live insects. Of the dogs trained with scent extract (n = 2), both were able to detect the live insects accurately, and of those trained with dead specimens (n = 2), one detected the live insects accurately. These findings lend support for these training aids as odor-proxies for live insects—particularly scent extract, which is a relatively novel product with the potential for broad application to facilitate and improve insect-detection training.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

GOTOH, Naohiro, Tomoko AOKI, Kyoko NAKAYASU, Shigeru TOKAIRIN, Noriko NOGUCHI, and Shun WADA. "Quantification Method for Triglyceride Molecular Species in Fish Oil with High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Ultraviolet Detector - Evaporative Light Scattering Detector." Journal of Oleo Science 55, no. 9 (2006): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.55.457.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Jiang, Y. P., C. C. Cao, X. Mei, and H. Guo. "A Quantitative Risk Evaluation Model for Network Security Based on Body Temperature." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4517019.

Full text

Abstract:

These days, in allusion to the traditional network security risk evaluation model, which have certain limitations for real-time, accuracy, characterization. This paper proposed a quantitative risk evaluation model for network security based on body temperature (QREM-BT), which refers to the mechanism of biological immune system and the imbalance of immune system which can result in body temperature changes, firstly, through ther-contiguous bits nonconstant matching rate algorithm to improve the detection quality of detector and reduce missing rate or false detection rate. Then the dynamic evolution process of the detector was described in detail. And the mechanism of increased antibody concentration, which is made up of activating mature detector and cloning memory detector, is mainly used to assess network risk caused by various species of attacks. Based on these reasons, this paper not only established the equation of antibody concentration increase factor but also put forward the antibody concentration quantitative calculation model. Finally, because the mechanism of antibody concentration change is reasonable and effective, which can effectively reflect the network risk, thus body temperature evaluation model was established in this paper. The simulation results showed that, according to body temperature value, the proposed model has more effective, real time to assess network security risk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Solomon, Patrick B., Ayodele A. Oyedeji, Frankland O. Briyai, Dorcas D. S. Bawo, and Jasper F. N. Abowei. "Biolarvicidal Potentials of the Methanolic-Leaf-Extracts of Selected Tropical Plant Species." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-7669.ject-19-2730.

Full text

Abstract:

Solvent residue such as hexane in foodstuff, especially edible oil could be considered as the undesirable substances when exceeds maximum residue limit (MRL). The aim of this study is to determine the hexane content in various brands of edible oils. Totally forty samples (23 brands) of different types of vegetable oils including frying oils (n=14), blended oils (n=13), sunflower oils (n=6), corn oils (n=5) and canola oils (n=2) from Iran´s market were analyzed for hexane content using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography equipped with a flame-ionization detector (SPME)-GC-(FID). The hexane residue was detected in thirty-six out of forty examined samples, ranged from lower than LOD to 42.6 µg/kg. However, in all of them hexane content were below the MRL of 1 mg/kg which set by the European Union.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

CAO, ZHEN. "THE ARGO-YBJ EXPERIMENT PROGRESSES AND FUTURE EXTENSION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 10 (September 2011): 1713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019797.

Full text

Abstract:

Gamma ray source detection above 30 TeV is an encouraging approach for finding galactic cosmic ray origins. All sky survey for gamma ray sources using wide field of view detector is essential for population accumulation for various types of sources above 100 GeV. To target the goals, the ARGO-YBJ experiment has been established. Significant progresses have been made in the experiment. A large air shower detector array in an area of 1 km2 is proposed to boost the sensitivity. Hybrid detections with multi-techniques will allow a good discrimination between different types of primary particles, including photons and protons, thus enable an energy spectrum measurement for individual species. Fluorescence light detector array will extend the spectrum measurement to 100 PeV and higher where the second knee is located. An energy scale determined by balloon experiments at 10 TeV will be propagated to ultra high energy cosmic ray experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sun, Xun-Yun, and Walter A. Aue. "Detection at the picogram level of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium by gas chromatography – flame photometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-138.

Full text

Abstract:

Ruthenocene — bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium — can be determined with surprisingly high sensitivity and selectivity by gas chromatography – flame photometry. The detector's response relies mainly on an unidentified emission system (RuH?) with major peaks at 484 and 528 nm, while some familiar atomic lines show up as well. Without interference filter, the minimum detectable amount of ruthenocene, at S/N = 2, is approximately 2 pg (or 2 × 10−13 g/s or 1 × 10−15 mol/s), the elemental selectivity ruthenium/carbon 4 × 105, and the linear range 1:4 × 104. These calibration characteristics place ruthenium among the strongest luminescing and best performing species in the flame photometric detector. In fact, under conditions optimized for ruthenocene, ruthenium responds stronger than other FPD-active atoms (Sn, P, Cr, S, B). Fortunately, quenching effects are very weak: for instance, it takes about 1600 ppm (v/v) of methane in the detector to reduce the ruthenocene peak height by 50%.Keywords: ruthenocene, gas chromatography, flame photometric detector, ruthenium hydride.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Marcott, Curtis, and Robert C. Reeder. "Infrared spectroscopic chemical imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163769.

Full text

Abstract:

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful, widely used technique for identifying materials or chemical compounds. An IR spectrum often provides a specific fingerprint for a given molecular component or species. IR frequencies, intensities, and line widths are also extremely sensitive to environmental perturbations and changes in molecular structure. Infrared spectroscopic images recorded through a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscope attachment have traditionally been constructed by translating a mapping stage a single pixel at a time through the sample area of interest; this is a very tedious and time-consuming procedure. Recently, a technique for rapidly performing high-fidelity FT-IR imaging spectroscopy using an indium antimonide (InSb) focal-plane array (FPA) detector coupled to an IR microscope and a step-scanning FT-IR spectrometer has been developed. These multichannel IR detectors were originally developed for thermal-imaging applications (mainly in the military), but they have tremendous potential as chemical imaging detectors when used as part of a spectrometer. The multiple detector elements enable images from all pixels to be collected simultaneously for each mirror retardation position of the interferometer. Use of an interferometer allows the entire IR spectrum over some wavelength range to be measured. The combination of a step-scanning FT-IR microscope and an InSb FPA detector provides unprecedented speed and image quality, limited only by the diffraction limit and/or the number of detector elements on the array.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

SAAD, Bahruddin, Wan Tatt WAI, Abdussalam Salhin Mohd ALI, and Muhammad Idiris SALEH. "Sequential Flow Injection Determination of Chlorine Species Using a Triiodide-selective Electrode Detector." Analytical Sciences 22, no. 1 (2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.22.45.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Cromer, Christopher L., John M. Bridges, James R. Roberts, and Thomas B. Lucatorto. "High-resolution VUV spectrometer with multichannel detector for absorption studies of transient species." Applied Optics 24, no. 18 (September 1, 1985): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002996.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Abad-Villar, Eva M., Pavel Kubáň, and Peter C. Hauser. "Determination of biochemical species on electrophoresis chips with an external contactless conductivity detector." ELECTROPHORESIS 26, no. 19 (October 2005): 3609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200500149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Small, Jack, Douglas R. Call, Fred J. Brockman, Timothy M. Straub, and Darrell P. Chandler. "Direct Detection of 16S rRNA in Soil Extracts by Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4708-4716.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We report on the development and validation of a simple microarray method for the direct detection of intact 16S rRNA from unpurified soil extracts. Total RNAs from Geobacter chapellei andDesulfovibrio desulfuricans were hybridized to an oligonucleotide array consisting of universal and species-specific 16S rRNA probes. PCR-amplified products from Geobacterand Desulfovibrio were easily and specifically detected under a range of hybridization times, temperatures, and buffers. However, reproducible, specific hybridization and detection of intact rRNA could be accomplished only by using a chaperone-detector probe strategy. With this knowledge, assay conditions were developed for rRNA detection using a 2-h hybridization time at room temperature. Hybridization specificity and signal intensity were enhanced using fragmented RNA. Formamide was required in the hybridization buffer in order to achieve species-specific detection of intact rRNA. With the chaperone detection strategy, we were able to specifically hybridize and detect G. chapellei 16S rRNA directly from a total-RNA soil extract, without further purification or removal of soluble soil constituents. The detection sensitivity for G. chapellei 16S rRNA in soil extracts was at least 0.5 μg of total RNA, representing approximately 7.5 × 106 Geobacter cell equivalents of RNA. These results suggest that it is now possible to apply microarray technology to the direct detection of microorganisms in environmental samples, without using PCR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kopicová, Z., and S. Vavreinová. "Occurrence of squalene and cholesterol in various species of Czech freshwater fish." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/733-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

The triterpenoid hydrocarbon squalene, C<sub>30</sub>H<sub>50</sub>, abundantly occurring in nature, is known as a substance with a high anti-tumour activity proven by a number of research studies. A high content of squalene was found mainly in shark liver oil and also in olive oil and amaranth seed oil. Our work was aimed at examining squalene contents in fresh water fish. Altogether 20 fish species were analysed. Squalene was determined in the unsaponifiable matter of muscular and visceral fat by a capillary gas chromatography method using a flame ionisation detector; the analysis of the unsaponifiable matter was augmented by cholesterol assay. The quantity of squalene found in muscular and visceral fat of individual fish averaged hundreds of mg/kg, ranging from 98.0 to 1536.8 mg/kg in muscular fat and from 70.1 to 1803.8 mg/kg in visceral fat. Muscular cholesterol amounted from 0.011% to 0.170% and visceral cholesterol from 0.104% to 0.297%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Brosseau, Lisa M., Donald Vesley, Nancy Rice, Karen Goodell, Melissa Nellis, and Peter Hairston. "Differences in Detected Fluorescence Among Several Bacterial Species Measured with a Direct-Reading Particle Sizer and Fluorescence Detector." Aerosol Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (June 2000): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027868200303461.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Suganuma, Yoshinori, Nick Toltl, and Al-Amin Dhirani. "Evaluation of a low cell constant conductance detector for detection of charged species in high-performance liquid chromatography." Analytical Methods 5, no. 23 (2013): 6855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41722k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rosen, Gail L., Robi Polikar, Diamantino A. Caseiro, Steven D. Essinger, and Bahrad A. Sokhansanj. "Discovering the Unknown: Improving Detection of Novel Species and Genera from Short Reads." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/495849.

Full text

Abstract:

High-throughput sequencing technologies enable metagenome profiling, simultaneous sequencing of multiple microbial species present within an environmental sample. Since metagenomic data includes sequence fragments (“reads”) from organisms that are absent from any database, new algorithms must be developed for the identification and annotation of novel sequence fragments. Homology-based techniques have been modified to detect novel species and genera, but, composition-based methods, have not been adapted. We develop a detection technique that can discriminate between “known” and “unknown” taxa, which can be used with composition-based methods, as well as a hybrid method. Unlike previous studies, we rigorously evaluate all algorithms for their ability to detect novel taxa. First, we show that the integration of a detector with a composition-based method performs significantly better than homology-based methods for the detection of novel species and genera, with best performance at finer taxonomic resolutions. Most importantly, we evaluate all the algorithms by introducing an “unknown” class and show that the modified version of PhymmBL has similar or better overall classification performance than the other modified algorithms, especially for the species-level and ultrashort reads. Finally, we evaluate theperformance of several algorithms on a real acid mine drainage dataset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Marzetti, Sebastián, Valentin Gies, Paul Best, Valentin Barchasz, Sébastien Paris, Hervé Barthélémy, and Hervé Glotin. "A 30 μW Embedded Real-Time Cetacean Smart Detector." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070819.

Full text

Abstract:

Cetacean monitoring is key to their protection. Understanding their behavior relies on multi-channel and high-sampling-rate underwater acoustic recordings for identifying and tracking them in a passive way. However, a lot of energy and data storage is required, requiring frequent human maintenance operations. To cope with these constraints, an ultra-low power mixed-signal always-on wake-up is proposed. Based on pulse-pattern analysis, it can be used for triggering a multi-channel high-performance recorder only when cetacean clicks are detected, thus increasing autonomy and saving storage space. This detector is implemented as a mixed architecture making the most of analog and digital primitives: this combination drastically improves power consumption by processing high-frequency data using analog features and lower-frequency ones in a digital way. Furthermore, a bioacoustic expert system is proposed for improving detection accuracy (in ultra-low-power) via state machines. Power consumption of the system is lower than 30 μW in always-on mode, allowing an autonomy of 2 years on a single CR2032 battery cell with a high detection accuracy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained has an area under curve of 85% using expert rules and 75% without it. This implementation provides an excellent trade-off between detection accuracy and power consumption. Focused on sperm whales, it can be tuned to detect other species emitting pulse trains. This approach facilitates biodiversity studies, reducing maintenance operations and allowing the use of lighter, more compact and portable recording equipment, as large batteries are no longer required. Additionally, recording only useful data helps to reduce the dataset labeling time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Scanlon, Annette T., and Sophie Petit. "Effects of site, time, weather and light on urban bat activity and richness: considerations for survey effort." Wildlife Research 35, no. 8 (2008): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08035.

Full text

Abstract:

To maximise bat retention in urban environments, efficient bat monitoring is needed, but the factors that influence survey results for urban bats are unclear. We used echolocation call detectors (n = 378 detector-nights from November 2005 to October 2006) to assess bat activity among different sites in the Adelaide City parklands, temporal variations in activity (hourly, nightly, monthly), and responses to weather and light (artificial and moon). Bat species did not occur evenly in urban conditions; dark parks were more important for bat diversity and activity (six species groups in the darkest park) than were artificially lit parkland areas (three species groups in the flood-lit park). Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) and Mormopterus species 4 (94% of calls) were advantaged in urban parklands, being the only species recorded when lights were on at sports parks, whereas five species groups occurred when the lights were off. Minimal bat activity was recorded in the first 2 h after civil twilight, suggesting that bats may roost outside the city and commute nightly into parklands. Bat activity increased with temperature, with a burst in activity occurring after 7°C. Rainfall (>1 mm/24 h) and moon illumination at midnight did not influence activity. Urban environments should provide diversity to attract a diverse assemblage of bat species. Activity fluctuated among sites, nights, and across the year, indicating that large sample sizes over long periods of time are required to monitor and survey bats reliably with detectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wu, Ping-Yi, Hsuan Chen, Nan-Wei Su, Tai-Ying Chiou, and Wei-Ju Lee. "First Determination of Glycidyl Ester Species in Edible Oils by Reverse-Phase Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with an Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector." Molecules 26, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092702.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, a new ultra-performance liquid chromatograph-evaporative light-scattering detector (UPLC-ELSD) method for quantitation of glycidyl esters (GE) contents in edible oils is presented. The method features complete separation of five GE species within 20 min by a C18 column and gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 85% and 2.5% methanol aqueous solutions. The coefficients of regression (R2) were all ≥0.9999 for the linear-quadratic regression curves of GE species in a concentration range of 5~80 μg/mL. The intraday and interday recoveries (%) of GE species in solvent were in a range of 81.3~107.3%, and the intraday and interday coefficients of variation (CVs, %) were all ≤8.6%. The average recovery (%) of GE species spiked in extra-virgin olive oil samples ranged from 88.3~107.8% and the intermediate precision (CV, %) of ≤14% indicated acceptable accuracy and precision. The method exhibited limit of quantification (LOQ) for each GE species (0.6 μg glycidol equivalents/g oil). The method was applied to determine GE concentrations of six commercial oil samples, and total glycidol equivalents were consistent with data obtained by GC-MS method. This UPLC-ELSD method could be adopted for precursory screening and research purposes to improve food safety when MS detectors are unavailable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Grijalba, Mercedes Toledo, lseli Lourenço Nantes, Giuseppe Cilento, and Frank H. Quina. "Tris(Bipyridine) Ruthenium(II): An Efficient Detector of Excited Species Generated by Chemiluminescent Processes." Photochemistry and Photobiology 63, no. 6 (June 1996): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09617.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Volokh, Anatoliy, Petro Gorlov, Valeriy Siokhin, and Igor Polischuk. "Species identification of the greater noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) by its records with detector." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 11 (August 28, 2020): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1127.

Full text

Abstract:

During 2010–2020, 11 specimens of the greater noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) was recorded in 4 locations of the Ukrainian Azov Sea region using ultrasound detectors: Askania-Nova, Krasnoperekopsk, Melitopol, and Primorsk. The reliability of the species’ identification by using computer programs BatSound and BatExplorer was 86.4 % ± 0.43 (83–88). Usually, the pulse frequency of the greater noctule bat at the peak of power is about 18 (14.7–20.0) kHz, and the wavelength of more than 90 % of them is 12.3–23.0 msec.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Blythman, M., C. Sims, and G. Eliot. "Wedgie Gold: Using metal detectors to recover PIT tags under areas used by wedge-tailed eagles and barn owls." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17021.

Full text

Abstract:

A metal detector was used to recover passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from below wedge-tailed eagle and barn owl nests and roost trees. The effectiveness of four different metal detectors to locate PIT tags and Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) bands were compared. Twenty PIT tags from 14 golden bandicoots, five burrowing bettongs and one rufous hare-wallaby were recovered from wedge-tailed eagle sites. One unreadable PIT tag was recovered from a barn owl site. This technique has potential for use in determining the survivorship of translocated threatened species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Detector species'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles