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Bauer, Richard D. "Optimization of detention ponds for urbanizing watersheds /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559856651&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kaye, Kriss Young. "Phosphorus accumulation in bottom sediments of retention/detention ponds." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1993. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/71670.
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University of Central Florida College of Engineering ThesisLaboratory and field studies were conducted to characterize phosphorus in bottom sediments for retention/detention ponds. The laboratory studies, including batch and column experiments, were conducted to assess possible removal processes. Sediment core samples were collected from detention ponds receiving urban runoff. These cores were analyzed for phosphorus at different layers including accumulated top sediments and the lower parent soil beneath it at a depth of 1, 3, 5, 10 and greater than 10 cm. The phosphorus accumulation rate was found to decline with calculated overflow rates from an average storm. Also attenuation of phosphorus with sediment depth followed an exponential decline. Batch experiments showed a higher adsorption capacity to remove phosphorus for top accumulated sediments than the lower parent soil, which is consistent with data from field studies showing greater phosphorus in the sediments. Phosphorus adsorptioncan be described by the Freundlich and Linear isotherms. Mass transfer rates varied with phosphorus concentration and contact time. A generalized model was developed to predict phosphorus removal in column studies.
M.S.
Masters
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering
Environmental Engineering
136 p.
x, 136 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Färm, Carina. "Constructed Filters and Detention Ponds for Metal Reduction in Storm Water." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Institutionen för samhällsteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55.
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Scott, Kenneth A. "Nutrient characteristics of urban stormwater detention ponds on the Canadian Prairies." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1997. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4268.
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The use of artificial ponds for the temporary storage of urban stormwater runoff is a commonly used environmental engineering practice in North America. By releasing runoff at a rate slower than the initial generation rate, on-line flood control is achieved. Urban runoff typically has a high eutrophication potential, so that single unit detention ponds may sustain excess algal/macrophyte growth within only a few years of construction. A research project was undertaken between 1992 and 1995 on stormwater detention ponds in the Province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Three ponds aged 15 to 17 years old are described in this thesis. The focus of the study was to describe the nutrient characteristics and associated phytoplankton cycles within these systems, and to further identify potential management options for water quality improvement. Four to five months of permanent winter ice cover occurs in the central zone of the Province. Of the three systems reported here, complete winter anoxia is typical in two (1.7 to 1.8 m deep - mixed), while partial or complete anoxia occurs in the third pond according to the timing of snowmelt (2.7 m deepthermally stratified in summer). Therefore, biological community structure is limited by the overwintering potential. Accumulated nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica sustained green algae and diatom blooms following ice-melt, and pH values of >9.5 often occurred by late April. During the open water season, hypereutrophic conditions were sustained and the systems typically oscillated between blue-green and green algal dominance according to flushing, external N- loading and mixing. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratios of stormwater were typically below Redfield stoichiometry. Therefore, inpond DIN:DIP ratios of <3 were typical, with one system frequently <1. These low ratios were the result of both internal P-Ioading and N loss mechanisms during dry weather storage periods, and DIP >0.25 mg/L sometimes occurred within the euphotic zone. Dense N-fixing Anabaena sp. blooms periodically developed under suitable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fixed into the system in turn supported non-fixing species as a subsiding bloom was mineralized. Nutrient and phytoplankton cycles fluctuated within short time scales, according to physical disturbances and algal self-shading at peak biomass (sometimes > 100 mm3/L). Average algal biomass levels in the stratifying pond were lower than the other ponds on account of sedimentary losses to an anaerobic bottom zone. xv Grazing by herbivorous zooplankton was generally not significant in promoting phytoplankton species successions. The zooplankton of all three systems were dominated by cyclopoid copepods and rotifers. Predation by fish (minnows), food quality (blue-green algae dominance), and losses during large flushing events are among factors which may suppress desirable large-bodied cladoceran zooplankton in these systems. The mean surficial (1 cm) sediment iron content was lowest (",,27 mg Fe/g dry wt VS. 38 mg Fe/g dry wt) and the organic content was highest ("" 18% LOI VS. 11 % LOI) in the stratifying pond compared to the two non-stratifying ponds. Also, the mean sediment depth in the stratifying pond (not including the littoral slope sediments) was highest (",,21 cm VS. 9 to 13 cm), when compared to the two non-stratifying ponds. Iron may be lost from the stratifying pond by flushing of anaerobic hypolimnetic waters during stormflows. Groundwater inflows to the stratified pond resulted in a higher alkalinity system and consequently the highest mean sediment calcium content of the three ponds (",,82 mg Calg dry wt, VS. 31 to 34 mg Calg dry wt). The surficial sediment total-P [TP] of the three ponds ranged from 0.97 to 1.26 mg/g dry wt, and in all cases 11 to 15% of this was associated with inorganic extractable P, with more in the calcium than the iron/aluminium bound fraction. At peak water temperatures (s:26°C) internal P loading rates >30 mg/m2/day were calculated from field data in the non-stratifying ponds. An average P release rate of 15 mg/m2/day was measured during anaerobic incubation of sediment cores from one of these ponds at 20°C. However, aerobic incubation of these sediments showed that Fe concentrations were sufficient to provide high P uptake potential when oxidized. Anaerobic incubations of intact cores from the stratifying pond gave average release rates of 5 to 16 mg/m2/day from 5 to 20°C. Field data also showed that net internal P loads were reflected by changes in the surficial sediment P pool. A nutrient input budget for the stratifying pond showed that groundwater baseflow supplied a massive amount of DIN (as N03) relative to stormflows. If the seasonal stormwater DIP load was expressed as an averaged areal mass/day, the average seasonal internal P loading (-8 to 10 mg/m2/day) was four times higher. Theoretical P removal efficiencies of 63 to 80% were calculated for the ponds, but resuspension and flushing of internally loaded P accumulated during dry weather may reduce these values. A TP mass export of 0.25 to 0.3 kg/ha impervious/0.58 year from 250 mm precipitation was calculated from runoff studies in Saskatoon. In experimental work, inorganic nitrogen additions to the most N-limited pond were carried out from May to July 1994. Complete dominance of the spring to mid-summer phytoplankton by green algae and diatoms was maintained. However, warming water increased P recycling, and during a period of lower than average wind speeds a non-fixing blue-green algae bloom developed in place of the usual N-fixing algae bloom. No significant alteration to the zooplankton species composition was evident despite structural changes to the vernal phytoplankton composition. Phosphorus inactivation with aluminium sulphate was successful in improving water quality for a six week period during which the control pond developed a dense N-fixing algae bloom. Sediment surface oxidation was promoted by the reduction of productivity, and P adsorption to sediment iron complexes was an important secondary benefit. Several very large storms were ultimately responsible for exchanging approximately 100% of the storage volume, after which bloom conditions were restored. The procedure may be an effective short-term measure, but benefits will not extend beyond major exchange events. Management options for aesthetic improvement are very limited in these hypereutrophic ponds. External DIP loads will continue to be at least 5 to 10 times greater than threshold values for nuisance algal growth, and seasonal internal loading of P is high. The inability of increased N availability to prevent blue-green algae bloom formation, together with high exchange volumes and a general lack of herbivorous zooplankton, suggest that top-down management interventions (limited by overwintering) to control zooplanktivores are unlikely to prevent algae bloom formation in ponds with lower volume:catchment area ratios. More work is required with regard to nutrient budgets if pond operational efficiencies are to be accurately assessed. In addition, measurement of primary productivity would provide invaluable information for any attempt to model algal growth in these ponds. Sediment removal is ultimately required as a long-term maintenance measure, but more information on the incorporation of P inactivation agents directly into the sediment structure is needed as a means to retard internal P loading.
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Omar, Mohie Eldeen Mohamed Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Improvement of Detention Ponds with Respect to Salinity / Mohie Eldeen Mohamed Ahmed Omar." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/108076495X/34.
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Sanousi, Sanousi Salem. "A method for assessing the use of small water impoundments for sediment detention and local water supplies on the Wadi Zarat watershed, northwestern Libya." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_240_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Kabbani, Muhieddine Saadeddine. "Using PCSWMM to simulate first flush and assess performance of extended dry detention ponds as structural stormwater BMPs in a large polluted urban watershed." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1653.
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Urbanization and increase of impervious areas impact stormwater runoff and can pollute receiving waters. Total suspended solids (TSS) are of particular concern as they can act as a transport agent for other pollutants. Moreover, the existence of the first flush phenomenon (FF), whereby the first stage of storm runoff is the most concentrated, can also have profound ecological effects on receiving waters. Understanding the various types of pollutants in watershed stormwater, their correlation with rainfall parameters (precipitation depth and previous dry days) and with TSS, and the existence of FF is crucial to the design of the most suitable structural best management practice (BMP) that can mitigate their harm. Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) is a well-known computer model that can simulate urban runoff quantity and quality and model BMPs. The use of PCSWMM to simulate the first flush phenomenon and to evaluate the effectiveness of structural BMPs has not been previously investigated for a large urban watershed with seriously polluted stormwater runoff.
This research is concerned with the study of a framework for designing structural best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater management in a large watershed that is based on comprehensive analysis of pollutants of concern, rainfall parameters of influence, and the existence of FF. The framework was examined using the PCSWMM computer model in the St Anthony Park watershed, an urban watershed in St Paul, Minnesota with a large drainage area of 3,418 acres that discharges directly into the Mississippi River via a storm tunnel. A comprehensive study was undertaken to characterize the overall St. Anthony Park watershed stormwater quality trends for the period of record 2005-2013 for heavy metals, nutrients (ammonia and total phosphorus), sediment (TSS), and bacteria (E. coli). Stormwater was found to be highly contaminated as measured by exceedance of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) water quality standards and as compared to data obtained from the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD). None of the examined parameters significantly correlated with precipitation depth. Concentrations of most heavy metals, total phosphorus and TSS positively correlated with previous dry days, and most pollutants correlated positively with TSS, which provided a strong rationale for using TSS as a representative pollutant in PCSWMM and in examining BMP efficiency. Moreover, BMPs that targeted the particulate fraction in stormwater would be the most efficient in reducing stormwater pollution.
A PCSWMM model was built based on the existing drainage system of the watershed, which consisted of inlet structures, manholes, pipes and deep manholes that connect the network pipes to a deep drainage tunnel discharging directly into Mississippi River. The model was calibrated and validated using recorded storm and runoff data. FF was numerically investigated by simulating pollutant generation and washoff. Using three different numerical definitions of FF, the existence of FF could be simulated, and was subsequently reduced by simulating extended dry detention ponds in the watershed.
Extended dry detention ponds (EDDPs) are basins whose outlets are designed to detain stormwater runoff for a calculated time that allows particles and associated pollutants to settle. Extended dry detention ponds are a potential BMP option that could efficiently control both water quantity (by diverting initial volumes of stormwater, thus addressing FF) and quality (by reducing suspending pollutants, thus addressing TSS and co-contaminants). Moreover, they are the least-expensive stormwater treatment practice on a cost per treated unit area. Two location-based designs were examined. The first was an EDDP at the main outfall (OFmain), while the second was a set of seven smaller EDDPs within the vicinity of deeper manholes of the deep tunnel (distributed EDDPs). Distributed EDDPs were similar to the OFmain EDDP at reducing peak stormwater flow (52-61%) but superior in reducing TSS loads (20-25% for small particles and 43-45% for larger particles based on the particle sedimentation rate removal constant k) and in reducing peak TSS loads (67-75%). These efficiencies were obtained using the dynamic and kinematic wave routing methods, indicating that they could be used interchangeably for this watershed. The steady state routing method produced unrealistic results and was subsequently excluded from FF analysis. Finally, distributed EDDPs were superior to OFmain EDDP at eliminating FF per the stringent fifth definition (Δ > 0.2). This was true for small values of k. However, larger values of k and other FF tests (above the 45º no-flush line and FF coefficient b < 1) showed that BMP implementation overall failed to completely eliminate FF. This suggested that the extended time required by EDDPs to efficiently remove pollutants from stormwater via settling would compromise their ability to completely eliminate FF.
In conclusion, a comprehensive framework was applied so as to better design the most efficient BMPs by characterizing the overall St. Anthony Park watershed stormwater pollutants, their correlation with rainfall parameters and with TSS, and the magnitude of FF. A cost-effective, rapid, and accurate method to simulate FF and study the optimal BMP design was thus implemented for a large urban watershed through the PCSWMM model.
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Hoeppner, Ana Flávia da Silva. "Comportamento de variáveis físicas, químicas e da eficiência de sistemas de lagoas de estabilização em ambiente tropical (Vale do Ribeira de Iguape, SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-31102008-132720/.
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As lagoas de estabilização compõem sistemas de tratamento de águas residuárias sujeitos à variação de eficiência decorrente, dentre outros fatores, das variações climáticas. A variação de eficiência e da estratificação em lagoas de estabilização, localizadas em ambiente subtropical, em diferentes épocas do ano, foi o principal objetivo dessa pesquisa. Para essa finalidade, a eficiência de dois sistemas de lagoas de estabilização localizadas no Vale do Ribeira de Iguape (SP) - nas cidades de Jacupiranga e Pariquera-Açu - foi determinada, em período sazonal (quatro épocas do ano) e semanal (três dias consecutivos), assim como perfis de temperatura, condutividade elétrica, pH e oxigênio dissolvido e aspectos ambientais (temperatura do ar, radiação solar, direção e velocidade do vento e precipitação) foram mensurados. Além disso, aspectos operacionais, tais como, volume de lodo, de água, vazão e tempo de detenção teórico foram mensurados a fim de caracterizar apenas as lagoas facultativas. Alterações no comportamento sazonal destas variáveis e padrões de similaridade entre eficiência de cada lagoa e estratificação térmica foram analisadas através da ferramenta estatística análise do componente principal (PCA). Observou-se, principalmente, que a variação sazonal de eficiência foi relevante, sendo que, em julho/06 a qualidade do afluente e do efluente foi diferente das outras épocas do ano, ou seja, houve variação sazonal de variáveis físicas e químicas. Variação diária foi observada em janeiro/06, época de maiores precipitações e maior homogeneidade térmica. Na PCA, a estratificação térmica foi significativa, ou seja, esteve relacionada com outras variáveis. A vazão e tempo de detenção, nas lagoas facultativas, estiveram dentro de faixas observadas em outras lagoas de estabilização e o volume de lodo não ultrapassou 3% do volume das lagoas.Stabilization ponds compose systems of wastewater treatment citizens to the variation of efficiency decurrent, amongst other factors, of the climatic variations. The variation of efficiency and stratification in stabilization ponds, located in subtropical environment, at different seasons, was the main objective. For this purpose, the efficiency of two stabilization ponds systems located in the Vale do Ribeira de Iguape (SP) - in cities as Jacupiranga and Pariquera-Açu - was determined, in sazonal period (four seasons) and weekly (three days consecutive), as well as temperature, electric condutivity, pH and dissolved oxygen profiles and environment aspects had been measured (air temperature, solar radiation, direction and speed of the wind and precipitation). Moreover, operational aspects, such as, volume of sludge, volume of water, outflow and theoretical detention times had been measured in order to characterize only the facultative ponds. Alterations in sazonal behavior of these variables and standards of similarity between efficiency and thermal stratification had been analyzed through the tool statistics análise do componente principal (PCA). It was observed, mainly, that the sazonal variation of efficiency was important, so, in July/06 the quality of the affluent and effluent was different to the other seasons, in other words, it was observed sazonal variation of physical and chemical variable. Daily variation happened in January/06, time of more precipitations and thermal homogeneity. In other analysis with PCA, the thermal stratification was significant and it was related with other variable. The outflow and detention times, in the facultative ponds, had been similar others facultatives ponds and the volume of sludge did not exceed 3% of the volume of water in the ponds.
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Brown, Anthony Turner Franklin. "Examination of influential variables biological leaching of trace metals from stormwater detention pond sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20611.pdf.
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Vickers, Shannon Lynne. "Metal mobility in a stormwater detention pond, investigating metal mobility and sediment-water exchange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ46012.pdf.
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Hodges, Kimberly Jean. "Assessing Urban Non-Point Source pollutants at the Virginia Tech Extended Dry Detention Pond." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36582.
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With a growing concern for the environment and increasing urbanization of rural areas, understanding the characteristics of urban non-point source pollution has become a focus for water quality investigators. Once thought to be a small contributor to the pollution problem, urban non-point sources are now responsible for transporting over 50% of all pollutants into natural waterways. Assessing non-point source pollution is the key to future water quality improvements in natural receiving waters.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of an urbanized watershed, analyze current prediction methods and to investigate the effectiveness of an extended dry detention basin as a pollutant removal management practice on a 21.68-acre urban watershed on the Virginia Tech Campus. This research included extensive stormwater monitoring and sampling to characterize the runoff and water quality from an urban watershed. The resulting analysis included comparing well-known desktop prediction methods with pollutant removal rates using an extended dry detention basin and comparison with different literature values. Finally, the study team calibrated the PSRM-QUAL model for watershed prediction of non-point source runoff and pollution.
The results of the stormwater monitoring process show that water quality prediction methods are not very successful on a storm by storm basis, but can be fairly accurate over longer periods of time with little or no storm water quality sampling. The extended dry detention basin is a simple yet effective management practice for the removal of sediments and sediment bound pollutants.Master of Science
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Silva, Selma Tha?s Bruno da. "Uso urbano n?o pot?vel de ?gua de lagoas do sistema de drenagem de Natal." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15976.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-27Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The detention and infiltration ponds of urban drainage system has function to protect the population from undesirable effects of floods. In general these ponds are not completly used and it potential is wasted. As it are disseminated at different places at cities it can reduce costs with water transport and permit water preservation of best quality. Some it utilities includes use in green areas irrigation, industrial among than cooling towers and boiler, soil compaction, cleaning urban road, pisciculture and fire fighting system. The quality these water is influenced by anauthorized sewage in the drainage system. This study was performed in six detention and infiltration ponds at drainage system of Natal, which aim was to verify the non-portable use these ponds on urban environment. As indirect aim would to incentive the water utilization these ponds as a water source to another uses in urban environment. These ponds represents the characteristics of detention and infiltration of Natal city and consequently of Brazil. As the water quality, the ponds presents following characteristics: three has apparently good quality, other showed intermediate condition and two had water polluted. Were performed twenty sample in each ponds and the following parameters assessed: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, coliform thermotolerant, ammonia, organic nitrogen, TKN, nitrate, total phosphorus and alkalinity, bicarbonate, chloride, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, total solids, TSS, TDS, COD and SAR?. To utilization on pisciculture we recommend use in ponds which presents the best quality. Only one pond presented higher pollutants and it not being appropriated for use in cooling tower. The content of solids suspension restricted the water use in all ponds in boilers. As water use in soil compaction, cleaning urban road and fire fighting system the water from these ponds are not appropriated. However, the recommended limits from literature are to domestic sewage, due to this, the parameters are restrictive to diminish the sanitary risk that could be offered with it utilization. The infiltration velocity of water these assessed ponds restrict a moderato use, however the effects are potentiated only in soil less sandy, which not occur in Natal. It is recommend the unrestricted irrigation utilization in ponds with best quality of water, and a restricted irrigation to ponds with worst quality of water. As load of pollutants, it is recommended a complementary treatment in those ponds whit higher load to diminish sanitary risks. In only one pond was found one helminth eggs and due to the convention formula of results, it was found for all ponds less than 1 helminth/liter eggs.
As lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o do sistema de drenagem urbana geralmente possuem a fun??o de proteger a popula??o contra os efeitos indesej?veis de enchentes. Geralmente as ?guas de tais lagoas n?o s?o utilizadas e o seu potencial ? desperdi?ado. Por estarem disseminadas nas cidades pode-se reduzir os custos com transporte de ?gua, al?m de permitir a preserva??o de ?guas de melhor qualidade. Alguns dos poss?veis usos s?o irriga??o de ?reas verdes, uso em caldeiras, torres de resfriamento, e outros usos industriais, na compacta??o do solo, limpeza de vias p?blicas, na piscicultura, em sistemas de combate a inc?ndio, etc. A qualidade destas ?guas sofre influ?ncia de lan?amentos indevidos de esgotos sanit?rios na rede de drenagem. O estudo foi realizado em seis lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o do sistema de drenagem de Natal, com o objetivo de verificar as condi??es de uso n?o pot?vel de suas ?guas no meio urbano. Indiretamente tamb?m objetiva incentivar a utiliza??o das ?guas destas lagoas como uma fonte de ?gua com potenciais de outros usos no meio urbano. As lagoas s?o representativas das caracter?sticas de lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o que est?o disseminadas em Natal, assim como no Brasil. As lagoas apresentaram as seguintes similaridades: tr?s delas apresentaram aparentemente boa qualidade de suas ?guas, outra lagoa apresentou uma condi??o de qualidade intermedi?ria, e outras duas lagoas apresentam ?guas polu?das. Foram realizadas vinte coletas em cada lagoa de deten??o e infiltra??o. Os par?metros analisados foram: pH, temperatura, oxig?nio dissolvido, turbidez, condutividade el?trica, coliformes termotolerantes, nitrog?nio amoniacal, nitrog?nio org?nico, NTK, nitrato, f?sforo total, alcalinidade total, bicarbonatos, cloretos, dureza total, dureza de c?lcio, dureza de magn?sio, s?lidos totais, SST, SDT, DQO e RAS?. Para a utiliza??o em piscicultura recomenda-se o uso das ?guas das lagoas que apresentaram as melhores qualidades. Em torres de resfriamento apenas a ?gua de uma das lagoas, a que apresentou a maior carga de poluentes, n?o ? adequada. O teor de s?lidos em suspens?o restringiu o uso das ?guas de todas as lagoas em caldeiras. Para uso das ?guas das lagoas em compacta??o do solo, limpeza de vias p?blicas, e em sistemas de prote??o contra inc?ndio as ?guas das lagoas n?o s?o adequadas. Entretanto, os limites recomendados nas refer?ncias pesquisadas s?o para esgotos dom?sticos, e em fun??o disto, os par?metros s?o restritivos para que se diminuam os riscos sanit?rios que podem ser oferecidos com a utiliza??o. A velocidade de infiltra??o das ?guas das lagoas analisadas imp?s uma condi??o de uso moderado, mas os efeitos s?o potencializados apenas em solos pouco arenosos, que n?o ocorre em Natal. Recomenda-se a utiliza??o em irriga??o irrestrita para as ?guas da lagoa que possui a melhor qualidade, e, exceto para a de pior qualidade, a recomenda??o ? para uso em irriga??o restrita. Para as ?guas da lagoa com maior carga de poluentes recomenda-se tratamento complementar para que riscos sanit?rios sejam eliminados. Em uma ?nica lagoa foi encontrado apenas um ovo de helminto, e em fun??o das f?rmulas para convers?o dos resultados, foi encontrado para todas as lagoas a concentra??o de menos de 1 ovo de helminto/litro.
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Caporuscio, Elizabeth. "EVALUATION OF A SEQUENTIAL POND SYSTEM FOR DETENTION AND TREATMENT OF RUNOFF AT SKYPARK, SANTA'S VILLAGE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/773.
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Understanding the extent to which human activities impact surface water resources has become increasingly important as both human population growth and related landscape changes impact water quality and quantity across varying geographical scales. Skypark, Santa’s Village is a 233.76-acre tourism-based outdoor recreation area located in Skyforest, California residing within the San Bernardino National Forest. The park is situated at Hooks Creek, the headwaters of the Mojave River Watershed, and is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes forest cover and human development, including impervious surfaces, a restored meadow, and recreational trails. In 2016, Hencks Meadow was considered degraded by human activity and restored by the Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) using best management practices (BMPs) to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate pollutants entering recreational downstream surface water. Three BMP detention basins were constructed to store and improve water quality from stormwater runoff. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent to which the engineered BMP detention basins design were effective in mitigating stormwater pollution from entering Hooks Creek. Over a six to eight month period (January to August), ponds were tested in situ bi-weekly for temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, turbidity (NTU), conductivity (µS/cm), nitrate (mg/L), and ammonium (mg/L), with additional laboratory tests for total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), total coliform (MPN/100mL), Escherichia coli (MPN/100mL), and trace metals (µg/L). The results of this study support that the BMP design is improving surface stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces before it enters Hooks Creek. Findings could also promote the design and implementation of stormwater BMP detention basins at other site locations where water degradation is evident. Furthermore, this research can be used to promote the necessary improvement of water quality and quantity on a widespread geographical scale.
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Ryan, Patrick. "REDUCING EFFLUENT PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS FROM A STORMWATER DETENTION POND USING A CHAMBER UPFLOW FILTER AND SKIM." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4307.
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Stormwater runoff is a known pollutant source capable of causing surface water degradation, especially in highly populated areas such as Central Florida. Wet detention ponds manage this stormwater, but most of the ponds do not remove enough nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, to meet TMDL regulations. This research provides a possible addition to a detention pond in Seminole County, Florida using a Chamber Upflow Filter and Skimmer (CUFS), which can increase the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the system. Water enters the system through the skimmer, which floats on the surface of the detention pond. It travels from the skimmer to the bottom of the chamber, where heavier particles settle out before entering the upflow filter. The upflow filter contains twenty-four inches of Black and GoldTM media to remove nitrogen and phosphorus under anoxic conditions. Water flows up through the filter and out of the system, and eventually travels to Lake Jesup, a eutrophic lake. A total of twenty-eight storm events and seven baseflows were sampled from the site in Seminole County, and ten storm events were sampled from a pilot study CUFS. The results of this research show significant reductions by the Seminole County CUFS in turbidity, orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids when the means were compared at a 95% confidence interval. Reductions also occurred for total nitrogen, but could not be proved by the mean comparison. The pilot scale application of the CUFS significantly reduced total nitrogen at a 95% confidence interval.M.S.Env.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
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Nipper, Joel. "Measurement and modeling of stormwater from small suburban watersheds in Vermont." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/444.
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Despite decades of U.S. water quality management efforts, over half of assessed waterbody units were threatened or impaired for designated uses in the most recent assessments, with urban runoff being a leading contributor to those impairments. This cumulative research explores several aspects of urban runoff dynamics through a combination of field study and modeling.
Stormwater ponds are ubiquitous in developed landscapes due to their ability to provide multiple forms of treatment for stormwater runoff. However, evolving design goals have reduced the applicability of much of the early work that was done on pond effectiveness. In this study, we instrumented a recently constructed detention pond in Burlington, VT, USA. Flow gaging demonstrated that the pond achieved a 93% reduction in event peak flow rates over the monitoring period. Storm sampling showed that the pond significantly reduced total (TN) (1.45 mg/L median influent, 0.93 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) and total phosphorus (TP) (0.498 mg/L median influent, 0.106 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) concentrations over the events sampled. A loading analysis estimated the TN and TP removal efficiencies for the pond to be 23% and 77% respectively. Lastly, temperature data collected from the pond showed that during the summer the pond accumulates considerable heat energy. This study adds to the body of literature on detention pond performance, and raises concerns about the extensive use of stormwater ponds in watersheds where thermal stress is a concern.
EPA SWMM is a widely used urban hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality model, though its application can be limited due to its deterministic nature, high dimensional parameter space, and the resulting implications for modelling uncertainty. In this work, I applied a global sensitivity analysis (SA) and evolutionary strategies (ES) calibration to SWMM to produce model predictions that account for parameter uncertainty in a headwater tributary case study in South Burlington, VT, USA. Parameter sensitivity was found to differ based on model structure, and the ES approach was generally successful at calibrating selected parameters, although less so as the number of concurrently varying parameters increased. A watershed water quality analysis using the calibrated model suggested that for different events in the record, the stream channel was alternately a source and a sink for sediment and nutrients, based on the predicted washoff loads and the measured loads from the stream sampling stations. These results add to the previous work on SWMM SA, auto-calibration, and parameter uncertainty assessment.
Lastly, given the extent of eutrophication impairment in the U.S., I compared TN and TP data collected in these original works with national and regional datasets. TN concentrations sampled in this work were generally commensurate with values reported elsewhere, however TP data were not. Drainage area attributes and an event based rainfall runoff analysis of the study catchments provided circumstantial support for the idea that runoff from lawns is driving the high TP loads in Englesby Brook. The role of pet wastes is considered as a potentially fruitful area for further research.
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Campbell, Vivian. "The effect of chloride concentration and temperature on the partitioning of Cd, Cu and Pb between the dissolved and solid phases of an urban stormwater detention pond." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ46007.pdf.
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Bozkurt, Okan Cagri. "Operation Of The Water Control Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615419/index.pdf.
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Floods are one of the most important natural disasters regarding damages caused by them. Major reasons of huge damages of floods are unplanned urbanization, narrowing of river beds and incorrect operation of water control structures. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide important tools to be used in flood modeling studies. In this study, Lake Mogan, Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond subbasins are studied for flooding events within GIS framework. These subbasins are important catchment areas of city of Ankara with total drainage area of 1070 km2. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method is used to obtain flood hydrographs for 12 hour duration and 50, 100 and 500 year return periods. Flood routing procedure is applied to obtain discharges at the outlet of the Mogan and Eymir Lakes and Incesu Detention Pond. Operation performance of water control structures are tried to be estimated by using hydrographs which are obtained for different scenarios. Results show that elements of Lake Mogan Water Control Structure do not have capability to discharge 500 year storm safely to the downstream of the lake. However, 100 year storm can be routed without creating problem if necessary small precautions are taken. On the other hand, water control elements of Lake Eymir and Incesu Detention Pond can transmit obtained flood volumes to the downstream parts by assuming that closed conduit at the exit of Incesu Detention Pond can safely convey resultant flood discharges.
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Jones, Jamie. "Chemophysical Characteristics and Application of Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) for Copper and Nutrient Removal in Stormwater Management." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5954.
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For high groundwater table areas, stormwater wet detention ponds are utilized as the preferred stormwater management throughout the state of Florida. Previous research has found that accumulations of nutrients, algae, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorophyll a, fecal coliform bacteria and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) are common characteristics of stormwater wet detention ponds. Although these pollutant levels are not regulated within the ponds, states are required to compute the pollutant load reductions through total maximum daily load (TMDL) programs to meet the water quality requirements addressed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). In this study, field sampling data of stormwater ponds throughout Florida are presented to identify concentration levels of the main contaminants of concern in the discharge of wet detention ponds. Sampling was done to identify possible sources, in addition to possible removal mechanisms via the use of specific sorption media. Nutrients were found as a main problematic pollutant, of which orthophosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate, and total nitrogen were targeted whereas heavy metals exhibited minor concerns. Accumulation of high nutrient concentrations may be mitigated by the adoption of best management practices (BMPs) utilizing biosorption activated media (BAM) to remove phosphorus and nitrogen species through physical, chemical, and biological processes. This study aims to increase overall scientific understanding of phosphorus removal dynamics in sorption media systems via Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and column studies. The removal of phosphorus (P) was proven effective primarily through chemophysical processes. The maximum orthophosphate adsorption capacities were determined under varying conditions of the media within the columns, which were found up to 0.000534 mg-P adsorbed per gram BAM with influent concentrations of 1 mg?L-1 orthophosphate in distilled water and 1 hour hydraulic residence time (HRT). When using spiked pond water under the same conditions, the adsorption capacity was increased about 30 times to 0.01507 mg-P?g-1 BAM presumably due to the properties and concentrations of ions affecting the diffusion rate regulating the surface orthophosphate reactions. These equilibrium media uptake values (q) were used to calculate the life expectancies of the media under varying HRT and influent concentrations of treatment. Chemophysical and biological removal capabilities of the media for total nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate were effective in columns using 1100 g of BAM. In flow-through column conditions, ammonia had a consistent ~95% removal while effluent nitrate concentrations were highly variable due to the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes once an aerobic-anaerobic environment was established. Batch column experiments simulating no-flow conditions within a media bed reactor resulted in orthophosphate removals comparable with the continuous flow conditions, increased total phosphorus effluents indicative of chemical precipitation of orthophosphate, decreased ammonia removal, and increased nitrate removal. Due to a biofilm's sensitivity to even low copper concentrations and accumulation in ponds, a copper sorption media mix of “green” materials was generated. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm tests concluded a successful mix resulting in copper removal efficiencies up to 96%.M.S.
Masters
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering; Environmental Engineering Sciences
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Chan-YuTsai and 蔡蟬羽. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Detention Ponds-A Case of Rende Detention Pond." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2698gk.
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Chian, Ching-Hung, and 江金鴻. "Peak-flow Reduction Rate for Flood Detention Ponds." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09551860648096090159.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系
90
ABSTRACT As population increases, the demand of land use has become the focus on sloping lands in Taiwan. To minimize the flash flood occurrence, the construction of detention ponds is one of the requirements in sloping land development. Therefore, a 1:40 scaled-down model was used to identify the effect of inflow hydrograph characteristics, volume of detention pond, and the nature of drainage outlet on peak-flow reduction rate. Based on the experiment results, peak-flow reduction rate generally increases as the slope of inflow hydrograph’s rising limb increases. The length of detention pond does help extend the runoff traveling time, which help maintain flood detention volume. As far as the nature of drainage outlet is concern, flat-bottom outlet provides the greatest discharge, follow by square outlet and narrow-slit outlet. A dimensionless equation was obtained from this study using dimensional and multi-regression analysis to quantify the effect of peak-flow reduction rate. A set of pre-selected sites located at Pingtung County was used to verify the suitability of detention pond design. The results indicate that detention volume of the original design; based on current regulation; is more than actually needs. The lengths of the detention ponds can be greatly reduced by 62 to 86% without losing peak-flow reduction rate.
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Lin, Po Hung, and 林柏宏. "The Factor Analysis of The Consecutive Flood Detention Ponds." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01091126969471162382.
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碩士中興大學
水土保持學系所
94
The flood calamity often takes place in torrential rain season in the hillside of Taiwan. The annual average rainfall is up to 2,500mm in Taiwan. The rainfall in mountain area is greater than that in plain area. But the uneven space and time distribution of the rainfall usually causes the regional water supply shortage, It makes the influence to the industrial products and the residential water supply. The detention ponds which are required in the development of the slopeland, can be divided into single flood detention pond and consecutive flood detention ponds by the reason of cost and available land. This research discusses the difference of the single flood detention pond and the consecutive flood detention pond, and also the variables of the consecutive flood detention ponds. The main variables are rainfall-intensity、arrangement of detention pond、slope and pattern of trapped sediment in detention pond. Results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. To construct consecutive detention ponds at each watershed-division for inflow control will achieve detention effect obviously. The total required volume of detention ponds at each watershed-division will smaller than single detention pond and which can benefit the control of peak-flow in the watershed. 2. To construct consecutive detention ponds at steeper land which increase safety and save the developmental cost will be better than single flood detention pond for the same watershed. 3. The consecutive detention pond could choose major sediment basin more flexible without affecting detention effect and cause most sediment trapped at the expected zone，hence other detention ponds would enhance the effect on constraining flow.
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Shinde, Pallavi Shashank. "Multi-use of stormwater detention ponds in parks and open spaces." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/shinde%5Fpallavi%5Fs%5F200212%5Fmla.
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Shen, Shen-Yu, and 沈昱伸. "Investigating the Trapping Efficiency of Detention and Deposit ponds by using a Hydrodynamic Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34237731748671224667.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
104
According to the Soil and Water Conservation technology norms of the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau of the Council of Agriculture of Executive Yuan, people should dredging at least one time each year when setting up the trapping efficiency of detention and deposit ponds inside the development base on the slope land, in order to maintain enough volume of detention and deposit ponds. Moreover, people should consider the convenience of dredging when designing, and maintaining adequate air ventilationlest for producing biogas which may cause danger This research uses the real example as the object of research, using the flow model CCHE2D to investigate the iji3mpacts of the sedimentation area of different positions of outlet and inlet of detention and deposit ponds, and different detentions and deposit ponds aspect ratio. By the velocity of flow inside the detention and deposit ponds and the position of the sand drops and deposits, and the quantity of the sand drop as basis to judge the benefits of the detention and deposit ponds to achieve the goal of designing the controlling Settlement location to improve the efficiency of detention and deposit ponds. According to the research, there would be the deposit of the mud in the place where there is a vortex, the speed of the circulation and on the corner inside the pound. Furthermore, when the distance of the inlet is far away from the outlet , it meets the Soil and Water Conservation technology standard better.by contrast, if the distance is closer, it can cause the jet stream and can’t defer the flood to meet the time effect Keyword: detention and deposit ponds, silting basin efficiency, CCHE2D
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Tu, Shih-Ben, and 凃世本. "Study on the Function Difference Analysis for the On-Site and Off-Site Detention Ponds." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38719470184429781333.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
98
Since Taiwan is intensely populated with narrow-strip of land as well as limited natural resources, large-scale development of river upstream catchment region has, with fast progress of economic, largely reduced the size of forest and paddy field that performs the function as natural reservoir as it can effect to conserve water sources and lower flood peak. Furthermore, with increase of impermeable size as buildings and roads it has resulted in runoff to quickly converge and flood water increase tremendously; as such, flood control and drainage facilities at down-stream are unable to cope with the burden, and disaster from flood water has intensified, with effect of rivers and watercourse regulation largely affected. In order to alleviate the impact on existing flood control facilities by urban development, those newly developed areas lately (such science parks) have mostly programmed to install various kinds of detention ponds so as to effectively control the runoff from the increasing torrential rain, and lower the drainage burden and reduce flood damage to the down-stream areas. Detention pond is the kind of compatible measures for flood and disaster prevention employed according to law with land development. In most of the cases, they would select the relatively low-lying land within the drainage system for location installation, or make use of park, greenery belt, or basement of the parking lot as its location, whereas its primary function is to conserve flood water, lower the amount of peak flood, and reduce disaster from flood. As for the runoff from torrential rain as created with areas of massive development, detention pond is planned and designed, which can be found as on-site and off-site detention pond according to the manner how flood water flows in. This study uses triangular unit hydrograph method will estimate the changes of runoff flow before and after the development of catchment region, then from the estimation capacity of detention pond and the use of the puls method that carry out the computation of inflow and outflow of the detention pond to analyze and correlate the detention effect between on-site and off-site detention pond, with the 5 cases at Southern Taiwan Science Park and Central Taiwan Science Park are being illustrated to explore the application conditions, difference of operation, and detention effect between on-site and off-site detention pond. It is then learned from the study: 1. on-site detention pond is most suitable to be used at the middle and upper-stream of the catchment region of hillside drainage with relatively steep slope, while off-site detention pond is more suitable for drainage at level land of relatively less steep; 2. based on similar consideration for effect drainage and flood reduction at lower-stream, the capacity of detention pond for on-site detention pond should be larger than that of off-site detention pond; 3. at the entry and most gate-free control facilities with on-site detention pond, there is fewer problem with operation; however, since the entry of off-site detention pond has mostly employed gate-control, it would be more appropriate to formulate related operation regulations. Thus, the conditions of applications as well as difference of operation should be taken into account when it is planned.
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Lin, Ming-kun, and 林明坤. "Case Study for the Reliability Analysis on the Detention Ponds in Southern Taiwan Science Park." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28886216761977481409.
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碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系專班
96
The regional development has changed the water permeability of ground and increased the area of non-permeable surface in the development zone. When a rain storm occurs, the total surface runoff is increased and the time of concentration reduced, and the peak flow is increased accordingly. So the downstream drainage system of the development zone gets a heavier load. The detention ponds have been created in the Southern Taiwan Science Park as it is naturally low-lying. And the detention ponds would be regarded as failure to reach the expected function if its water lever had ever overflowed the preset water level (e.g. Pond A overflowed the EL by +4.20m and Pond B overflowed the EL by +4.75m). In such case, the detention pond was determined as lack of function, which was the failure status of such FUNCTION model. On the other hand, if the flood level had been maintained under the preset water level, then it had reached the expected function, thus was the safety status of the model. Reliability is the probability that the detention pond to maintain safety status. This paper would discuss the reliability in flood regulation of Pond A and Pond B in the Southern Taiwan Science Park. Statistic parameters are worked out through analytical statistics of precipitation, and Monte Carlo Methods are used to stimulate rainfalls for analyzing the flood adjusting reliability of the two detention ponds. The stimulation is conducted in two patterns: precipitation correlated or not correlated to time delay. The main objectives of this research are, first, to discuss the reliability of the maximum level of detention ponds; second, to discuss the reliability of the design flow of channels outside the ponds; and finally, to discuss the influence of runoff coefficient on the result of reliability analysis. The findings of this research are as follows: when precipitation is not correlated to time delay, the reliability index β is greater; the value of reliability index β of detention pond B at a simulation level higher than the design level is smaller than that of detention pond A; the value of reliability indexβis reduced as the runoff coefficient is increased. In a whole, the values of reliability index β of the detention ponds are all in the acceptable range, suggesting that the flood adjusting efficiency of these ponds meet the relevant requirements.
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Huang, Chung-Hsing, and 黃中信. "Effects of using Suitable Detention Ponds for San-yei River Basin Integrated Flood Control Plan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72029791708738194854.
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碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
95
The environmental and climatic changes and rapid urbanization of some areas in Taiwan have caused serious flooding several times in these areas. This is owing to the shorter concentration time and higher peak value of the rainfall runoff. In recent years integrated flood control method, such as including the use of retention ponds to mitigate flood damages, has been proposed. Not only the water stored in the retentions can reduce peak discharge, but also it creates other benefits, such as it can become very good ecologic and landscape parks. In addition, it can also avoid some social conflicts of using precious land resource for channel widening improvements. The effectiveness of setting retentions for flood mitigation is either influenced by the topography and hydrology characteristics or by the location and size of the retentions. In the San-yei River basin, 10 agriculture regions, A-I, of little farming activities and inhabitant are called in this study as “the suitable areas” for the use as the retentions. The well known SOBEK model is used as a tool to assess the size and position of single and jointed retentions on the effectiveness of flood mitigation by comparing the flooding areas. The result shows that setting up retention at downstream regions, such as H and I even if they have larger area, have less effectiveness; but those retentions at upstream catchment, A~I, perform better in reducing flood area. Through a series of simulations, it is proposed that if the retention areas are set as: A 12 ha, B 7.5 ha, C 4 ha, D 9 ha, E 5 ha, F 9 ha, and G 8 ha, then they can reduce 47.6% of flooding area for a 10 years return period storm flood.
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Lee, Yu-sheng, and 李宇陞. "Numerical assessments of infiltration efficiency for gravel piles installed in detention ponds in metropolitan areas." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15972634125551438648.
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碩士國立中央大學
應用地質研究所
103
The development of metropolitan leads to creasing impermeable surface areas, which therefore induce the risk of flooding in storm seasons. Installing gravel piles in the open areas such as parks or detention ponds in metropolitan areas provides alternatives to increase the infiltration of storm water. The objectives of the study are to quantify the infiltration efficiency of gravel piles installed in a retention pond. The numerical FEMWATER model associated with field and laboratory experiments are employed to assess the improvements of infiltration influenced by the number of gravel piles. The study area is located in the industrial park in Taichung Dali district. In this study, the pressure plate extractor and falling head tests were used to obtain the soil water characteristic curves and the saturated hydraulic conductivity K. Those soil characteristics parameters, saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and digital elevation model, will then employed in the FEMWATER numerical model for modeling Infiltration scenarios on different scales. A number of conditions, including different ponding depths in detention pond, hydraulic conductivity values, groundwater levels, and numbers and distances of gravel piles were used in the FEMWATER model to quantify the effects of the factors on the infiltration. Based on the van Genuchten soil characteristic formula, the results of pressure plate extractor test show that the soil sample has saturated soil volumetric water content of 0.358 (-), residual soil volumetric water content of 0.067 (-),the air entry suction of 0.643 (1/L), and the pore-size distribution of 1.556 (-). The saturated K is 0.6 (m/day) based on the in-situ infiltration experiment. The numerical simulations indicate that the infiltration is mainly controlled by hydraulic conductivity and the flooding depth in detention pond. Simulation results also show that the distance between two gravel piles didn’t have significant influences on infiltration rate when the distance is longer than 1 m. One gravel pile in gravel piles’ scaling model made can lead to 2% of increased infiltration compared with the no gravel pile condition. In the study area, the existing three gravel piles can increase the infiltration up to 0.375%.
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Omar, Mohie Eldeen Mohamed Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Improvement of detention ponds with respect to salinity / vorgelegt von Mohie Eldeen Mohamed Ahmed Aly Omar." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010706829/34.
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Yang, Chih-Hsiang, and 楊至翔. "A study of optimum placement sites and benefits evaluation for silting and detention ponds at the Linkou Terrace." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00215584463019977435.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
104
ABSTRACT Soil type at Linkou Terrace is laterite with low infiltration. The increase of impervious areas will reduce the ability of water conservation due to large-scale development. Generally, the silting and detention ponds designed at the developing sites are all considered the volumes of detention and/or sedimentation only according to the Soil and Water Conservation Act. Hence, the amount of excessive runoff increased from development sites should be concerned and discussed. This study focused on the feasibility of creating the traditional silting and detention pond with the storage function of excessive surface runoff caused by development for the benefits of land-use sustainability and water resources conservation. The outlets of analyzed watersheds were derived from the interception of the river and road located on the skirts of Linkou Terrace. The different amounts of maximum water retention for pre- and/or post- development were evaluated from the maps of soil and land use. The hotspot watersheds with inundation disaster potential can be screened out using the rank of excessive runoff and area of watershed. Besides, the depression storage sites in the hotspot watershed can be used to create silting and detention pond which consists of the volume of excessive surface runoff due to development. Results show that No.53 watershed is one of the hotspots of flood disaster potential. No.53-2 depression site in No.53 watershed was screened out to be the suitable placement of detention and storage. The increase of the excessive runoff due to development at the site is 4,138 m3. A silting and detention pond with the functions of infiltration, flood control and water storage can then be proposed in this study.
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Burgess, Nathan Alan. "Combining field data and computer modeling to improve designs for two wet detention ponds in James City County, VA /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10288/1073.
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Goff, Karen Marie. "A sensitivity analysis of the influence of watershed and development characteristics on the cumulative impacts of stormwater detention ponds." 2003. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/GoffKaren.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.Title from title page screen (viewed Sept., 24, 2003). Thesis advisor: Randall W. Gentry. Document formatted into pages (viii, 164 p. : ill. (some col., col. maps)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
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Huang, Zun-Lin, and 黃俊霖. "Hydraulic Characteristic of Detention Pond." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96970022261865243302.
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Huang, Chun-Lin, and 黃俊霖. "Hydraulic Characteristic of Detention Pond." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81821039190204214112.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業工程學系
85
The object of this study was to explore the hydraulic characteristics of detention pond. The designation of detention pond may be affected by many factors, especially the relationship of the opening type of detention dam anddischarge. After reviewing the paper, this study is based on the jet flow theory of the orifice flow and find the discharge coefficient which is dimensionless parameter through the analysis of the dimension. With flume experiment under fixed slope, we could find the varies of the discharge under many conditions such as the different diameter,unequal numbers,and different arrangement types of orifice. This study used three detention dams with the circular orifice in flume experiment. The tests are classified by three types. The first type is the unique orifice with three different diameters as 2.54cm, 4.4cm, and 7.2cm. The discharge is between 0.000066~0.00588 cms. The second type is the multipleorifice with horizontal arrangement, which has 1 to 8 opened holes, and all diameters of orifice are 2.54cm. The discharge is between 0.000066~0.00483cms.The third type is the multiple orifice with the up-down crossed arrangement. It has two different diameters as 4.4cm and 7.2cm. Each of them has 1 to 5 opened holes. The discharge is between 0.00013~0.02285 cms. All tests are under the condition of the fixed slope of the based bed. After analyzing available data, the principle results were as follows: 1.The discharge coefficient is variable and will increase when discharge increases. 2.In the second type test, it would be more effectively to drain flood using the multiple small holes in replacing of one big hole, and the cost may decrease due to the smaller volume of storage needed by retention pond. 3.In the horizontal arrangement type test, we find that the total outflow is larger than the outflow of the unique hole multiplying by the hole number. For the sake of safety, we should get the modified discharge coefficient. Through the analysis of test data, the modified discharge coefficient for different hole numbers could be gotten.
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Lin, Yiou-De, and 林祐德. "Study on The Detention Effect of The Consecutive Detention Pond." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41113523097211635606.
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碩士中興大學
水土保持學系所
95
The detention ponds, which are required in the development of the slopeland, can be divided into single flood detention pond and consecutive flood detention ponds by the reasons of cost and land use. In this study, we establish the hydrology theory for the single flood detention pond and the consecutive flood detention ponds. We also made a flume experiment. We compared detention volume with the single flood detention pond and the consecutive flood detention ponds. Also, with the same outflow and inflow, we discussed the detention effect for different flume slope and proportion of detention volume. In the result, we found out that for the same detention effect, the volume of the consecutive flood detention ponds is larger than the single flood detention pond. The excessive detention volume rate will decrease while the flume slope increases. In addition, it will be safer to construct consecutive detention ponds at steeper land than to construct single flood detention. With the ratio of volume, When a outflow of the up pond, equals to another, , the proportion of the greatest volume of the flood detention ponds is 5:5.With the same peak attenuation, consecutive flood pond is longer than the single flood in the variation of peak lags.
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CHEN, BO-SHUO, and 陳柏碩. "A study of neighborhood development due to detention pond settings - In case of Baoye detention pond." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84dc2p.
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碩士高苑科技大學
土木工程研究所
104
Due to the rapid development of the city, causing the surface topography changes, so that the agricultural depression of the original function of the flood has disappeared completely, and because of climate change, hydrological extreme events continue to occur, resulting in significant increase in rainfall runoff, resulting in urban areas whenever heavy rain often due to vent less rain and water. The specific district of Cheng Ching Lake and Fengshan-Chishan area in Kaohsiung City, due to the upstream Becks Lake detention function is obviously insufficient, leading to downstream fining road, rainwater culvert capacity Yihua intersection of row can not be satisfied that the upstream one hundred armor Shenzhen, Chishan first and second local area Shenzhen Fengshan area A and the area outside the main line into the water drainage, the village Baoye, Baohwa and Wenfu was often due to heavy rainfall caused water. Setting flood detention pond can be adjusted to address the flooding caused by the less urban areas drainage for urban development near the detention pool area also has a great influence. In this paper, Baoye detention pond is considered as an example to discuss the specific district of Cheng Ching Lake and Chishan-Fengshan area thus reducing the flooded area, reducing the chance of flooding flood control function, other functions livelihood benefits, including peacetime as near public recreation places, so that urban flood control flood control integrated into the city life, but also to create the urban landscape construction, promote the development of regional environmental ancillary benefits. The results show Baoye detention pond after setting the surrounding region's population growth rate close to 4.5%, the present value of the land announcement grow 385%, prompted traders proximity to land and housing it more warm, and thus attract more people to live in this, apparent setting the detention pond is not only just because of flood control is more effective to improve the living conditions of the environment and to promote regional development.
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Liu, Chin-yi, and 劉欽益. "Detention Pond Sizing for Released Farmland." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53579896756823739582.
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碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
89
About the detention pond sizing for released farmland. This research use the Diffusive Tank Model and the parameters of paddy and dry field which was estimated to simulate the runoff difference of the released farmland. According to the runoff difference, this research use three types of detention pond to estimate the area of the detention pond. Because the current on the flat area was easily influenced by the downstream water. This research add the influence of downstream water when size the detention pond. According the result of this research, if we use a pump to assist drainage, we can decrease the area of detention pond. If we dig the bottom of the detention pond, we can decrease more area of the detention pond.
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Chang, Yu Ching, and 余慶璋. "Study on the design of detention pond." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97096423825909599355.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
87
Due to the rapid growth of commercial activities, the demand for land after developed increases necessary in Taiwan, the development of slopeland which amounts to two third of the area of Taiwan will be an inevitable trend in the furture. It is recognized that development in mountainous catchments may increase the impervious ground surface and decrease the length of runoff path to the toe of hill slopes. These physical changes alter the characteristices of runoff and reduce the natural storage capacity in catchment. One of the result is the augmentation of peak discharge of runoff. A changes of land uses in a mountainous catchment may also induce large volume of sediment transported by high velocity flows on steeply sloping ground. Thus, the capacity of the downstream urban drainage system may become inadequate due to the increase of peak discharge or the clogging of sediment in the system. A group of detention ponds and sediment traps at the toe of hill slopes are constructed to reduce the peak discharge and sediment load induced by storm runoff. For the planning of soil and water conservation an engineer evaluates rainfall intensity with the recurrence interval of 25 and 50 years. However, the time of concentration should be known before the runoff being estimated for some rainfall intensities. In this paper, the theoretical bases of these methods are addressed, and a case study is provided for the comparison among the methods. Furthermore, it is found that the duration of the rainfall is an important factor affecting the peakflow. Thus it should be carefully considered in the evaluation process.
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Deng, Shiue-Chian, and 鄧學謙. "Study on Different Types of Detention Pond." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/efe3n6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
105
The object of this study was to explore the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of detention pond. The designation of detention pond may be affected by many factors, especially the relationship of the peak discharge, the detention volume and the forms of detention pond. After reviewing the paper, this study used the Rational Formula and the Triangular Unit Hydrograph method to estimate the detention volume of the development case, and with the flume experiment under fixed slope to analyze the difference at the same flow rate between the different types of the detention pond, such as the on-site detention pond, the off-site detention pond, and the pumped-type detention pond. Finally, comparing the detention volume and safety factor between the experiment in on-site detention pond and the Rational Formula which is commonly use in the Handbook of Soil and Water Conservation to discuss they’re applicability The per unit width of discharge of the flume experiment in this study is between 0.003~0.0177cms. The on-site detention pond use the circular orifice of the detention dam, the outflow is 10 orifices with horizontal arrangement, and can adjust the number of outflow orifices, the orifice diameter is 3 cm, and 2 cm from the bottom of the bottom, the dam height 30 cm, the detention pond is 4 metes long and 1 cm wide. The off-site detention pond use the side weir which is 60 cm long and the height is 1 to 4 cm. The detention pond is 2 metes long and 50 cm wide and 30 cm height. The pumped-type detention pond is based on off-site detention pond with submergible motor pump, horsepower for the 1/6 horse, Pumping capacity is 0.000556cms. After analyzing the example of calculus and experimental data, the principle results were as follows: 1.When estimating detention volume in large area(50hectares), the Rational Formula’s detention volume of 12315.6m^3 is more than two types of Triangular Unit Hydrograph’s 6833.97m^3,also more conservative ,and when the development area is small(2 and 1 hectares) ,the Rational Formula’s detention volume will be less than the US SCS Triangular Unit Hydrograph method but greater than the Modify Triangular Unit Hydrograph. 2.The on-site detention pond use the orifice outflow is more efficient, and the flow coefficients in the experiment are similar to those used in the Handbook of Soil and Water Conservation. In the experiment of same total inflow of 1.944 m^3, the posterior peak type rainfall is not only the flood coming later , the detention volume 1.01m^3 is also higher than the front peak type’s 0.93m^3 and the in the peak type’s 0.95m^3, which is more likely to cause flooded. 3.In the off-side detention pond, the lower the side weir height is, the higher the lateral flow is, and in the inflow of 0.0097and 0.011cms, the side flow of 1cm high side weir which is 0.00195 and 0.00225cms is more than 4 cm side weir’s 0.00046 and 0.0007cms about 4.2 and 3.2 times, while using side weir can effectively control the water level that will exceed the over water into the pond. 4.The experiment of pumped-type detention pond , using the pumping capacity of the pump is 0.000556cms ,in the volume of detention pond is 0.3m^3 ,the height of side weir is 1~4cm ,and the flow rate is 0.0043~0.0177cms , can delay the detention pond full of water time extended about 1.5 to 2.5 times the time , and a substantial increase in the amount of detention volume. 5.Under the same inflow and the same outflow peak value in experiment, the ratio of the detention volume between on-site and off-site detention pond is 0.54 and 0.8, and at the same pool bottom area of 4m^3 ,the same inflow and outflow of variable flow ,the off-site detention pond’s detention volume and water depth are 0.76 times of the on-site, and at the same volume the off-site detention capacity will be better.
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Ta, Hung, and 蔡宏達. "Regulatory Capability of A Double-basin Detention Pond." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86769313822760117873.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系專班
95
Abstract The most important functions of flood detention facility are to reduce the run-off peak and delay the peak time. The purpose of installing detention pond is to regulate the outflow of developed catchment back to its original state of prior to the development. The detention pond regulates the outflow to the downstream with effective detention volume and release facilities. Due to uncontrolled release design of a detention basin, the outflow pattern after development can not be restored to its original shape. Therefore the related regulations, such as Soil and Water Conservation Technical Norms, can only restrict the peak of outflow to a certain level. On the other hand, the detention pond has always stored massive amount of water before peak, a larger detention volume is necessary to regulate the peak outflow. In order to improve the outflow efficiency before the peak flood, the double-basin detention pond has been installed on site, such as detention ponds in Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park. Double-basin detention pond has one more sub-basin than the single-basin detention pond. The added sub-basin is designed to store the extra inflow during the peak flood. Therefore, it would be more efficient to regulate the developed catchment’s outflow hydrograph. The target of regulation with using double-basin detention pond in this thesis is set to regulate the designed hydrograph after development to possibly approach the hydrograph before development during larger flow stage. Furthermore, the regulated peak outflow is not allowed to exceed the hydrograph before development. The results will suggest the best configuration of double-basin detention pond facilities, as well as used to review the effectiveness of flood regulatory capability of such detention ponds. The case studies applied Gauss-Newton method to obtain the optimal design of a double-basin detention pond under various known hydrologic conditions (such as the designed inflows before and after development, the flood peak arrival time, etc.) The characteristics and effectiveness of double-basin detention pond can be explored from the optimal design: 1. The double-basin detention pond required only 57% area of a single basin detention pond to reduce the designed peak flow of a triangular hydrograph. 2. With proper designed areas of the main basin and sub-basin, height of the overflow weir, diameter of the outlet, it is possible to restore the outflow hydrograph close to it’s original shape before the development.
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Hong, Yao-Ming, and 洪耀明. "Study of Hydrological Routing Models for Detention Pond." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39954140739495524008.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
90
During the rainy season in Taiwan, mud slides and heavy floods often occur. Steep mountains and hillsides aid this dangerous phenomenon. The hillslope development is necessary to protect the growing population and the amount of livable land that is reducing. As land cover decreases and impervious area increases, the infiltration rate will reduce and add to the overland flow rate. An extremely high amount of sediment runoff comes from earthwork and bare land. Using detention facilities to control storm water runoff and the sediment outflow rate will avoid such adverse downstream effects. The purpose of this study is to analyze the detention pond design problem, and to propose a complete design method. This study collected many simplified models for a start. By using inductive reasoning and complete comparisons, a method for calculating the detention pond was concluded. Detention volume was found to be the biggest for trapezoidal inflow and triangular outflow. A special design, such as pumping water after runoff beginning, can reduce detention volume. Moreover, a numerical hydrological model is developed after considering the hydraulic phenomena of the detention pond in which the inflow/outflow hydrograph and the storage-elevation relationship is analyzed carefully. This hydrological model also uses many steady/unsteady flow tests of detention pond experiments to verify this model can make a good simulation. By utilizing numerical calculation and experimentation, the detention volume of the rectangular orifice was determined to be smaller than the volume of the rectangular spillway; therefore the large ratio between recession time dividing peak time of the triangular inflow, and longer peak inflow time duration of trapezoidal inflow makes the delay time longer. The second aim of this study was to propose easy calculation methods that can fit the above hydrological model. The graphical and perturbation methods were developed. After concluding the experiments and using the intersection method from established correlated graphs, the detention volume can be calculated. The perturbation method can calculate the approximate solutions for the hydrological continuity equation. The curve fitting method is adopted to reduce the error of calculation. The above methods were checked by the numerical solution, and can give some suggestions and applications for designers.
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Yang, Kuo Hsun, and 楊國勳. "Optimal Design for a Double-Basin Detention Pond System." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12432167951979991900.
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Chen, Wei-Ting, and 陳葦庭. "Hydrologic Analysis for Detention Pond Design in Hillslope Development." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49665817427529638817.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業工程學研究所
87
Developments in hillslope area have increased dramatically over the last decade. These developments often result in flooding problems and water quality deterioration for the receiving water bodies due to inappropriate hydrologic designs. Although the authoritative agency has established hydrologic design criteria and procedures for hillslope development projects, these criteria violate many basic hydrologic principles, and the design rationale contradict standard hydrologic design procedures. In this study we thoroughly review the current design criteria and procedures. Demonstrative examples are presented to explain why the established criteria are not appropriate. In particular, we propose a new approach for detention pond design using modified rational formula. We also introduce the procedures for designing detention ponds that aim at improving water quality by two examples in northern Taiwan.
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Chen, Wei-Fu, and 陳威甫. "A Study of Windows-Based Design for Detention Pond." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27524439083506392645.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
89
Abstract A detention basin in a hillslope area is used to reduce the peak flows downstream by temporary detention of inflow in the basin. In this study, the hydrographic characteristics of Taiwan and rational formula will be conformed, and the sideslope and base discharge in the detention pond will also be considered. A nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation for detention basins could be deduced by the continuity equation. Using the Runge-Kutta method and the trial and error method, the governing continuity equation could be resolved using a computer program. For users’ convenience, a Windows-based numerical for the detention pond was designed by using Microsoft Visual Basic language. The following conclusions were reached: 1. The combination of Windows-based module and numerical model can reach the purpose of accurate and fast detention pond design. Graphical interface for users may be a trend in program design. 2. In the circumstances of the same peak inflow reduction, the needed detention volume of the rectangular sharp-edged orifice is smaller than the rectangular weir’s, i.e. the outflow device with rectangular sharp-edged orifice is a better design. 3. Instantaneous unit hydrograph ( IUH ) approximates to dimensionless unit hydrograph of the watershed. The flood volume of IUH is bigger than the triangular hydrograph in the rising limb, so the maximum detention volume of IUH is larger than the value of a triangular hydrograph for , and smaller than the value of a triangular hydrograph for .
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Tai-Sheng, Yeh, and 葉台生. "An Evaluation on the Storage Efficiency of Detention Pond." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80627142707092730146.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系碩士班
91
Abstract Based on the concept of The Puls Method, a routing procedure for detention pond is developed in this study. The precipitation data of 13 storms were selected from the past 44 years rainfall records of Ping Tung Station provided by the Seventh River Basin Management Bureau Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, for detention pond routing. In the routing, the maximum allowable rainfall intensity is defined for comparing with hourly rainfall in order to evaluate the storage efficiency of the detention pond. From the results of this study, the following can be concluded: 1.The maximum allowable rainfall intensity is increasing while the average annual precipitation is increasing. 2.The maximum allowable rainfall intensity is smaller while the time of concentration prior to development is longer. 3.The storage efficiency of a detention pond does not have certain relationship with rainfall amount and rainfall duration. 4.The storage efficiency does have a relationship with hourly rainfall and rainfall pattern. 5.The is considered at least one hour which defined in the Soil and Water Conservancy Design Manual is reasonable.
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Voorhees, John G. "Modeling seepage field performance for urban detention pond discharges." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19525997.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-92).
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Wang, Chien-Ching, and 王建清. "The Treatment Efficiency Evaluation of The Wet Detention Pond." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6469e4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
93
In recent years, it is taken under the watershare management and protection in the domestic and foreign，devotes in abundance to the researchs of the stormwater management and the non-point source (NPS) pollution control. The Best Management Practices (BMPs) is the application of the NPS pollution control technology. In the domestic, it also use the BMPs on the watershare management. However, because the BMPs technology are still for development stagein, The developments of local design, site placement even the mangement and the efficiency evaluation which need to research on skills of local factor, infomations and evaluation are not mature. And it is useful on the watershare management in the domestic. The main BMPs of this study is the wet detention pond. This is widespread utilization in the NPS pollution control. They have two cases in this study, that one of the cases is the tea farm BMPs is near Donan Bridge in the watershared of Feitsui Reservoir, and another is the porcelain clay mine BMPs near Masu Creek in Taipei County, in Taiwan. They are two kinds of the NPS pollutions for the tea farm and the porcelain clay mine. It is used sampling and examined. Carries on the efficiency analysis using the Effluent Probability Method, which is to provide statistically. Obtained result mine BMPs, the effluent probability method, the treatment efficiency of the median effluent of the suspended solid is 75.9%, and the dissolved iron is 71.5%. In the BMPs of the tea farm, the removeing rate of the median effluent of the total phosphorus is 71.7%, the phosphate is 93.5%, the total nitrogen is 33.5%, and the ammonia nitrogen is 61.1%. And penetrates the model, “Low–Impact Development Management Practices Evaluation Computer Module”, carries on the value simulation, the analysis of the tea farm BMPs experiment model field rainstorm of event to different recurrence interval and under the duration, carries on the value simulation, the analysis efficiency of regarding the total phosphorus processing. Recurrence interval respectively is 1.1 year, 2 year, 5 years, the duration length different eight events carries on the analysis. The result to recurrence interval is 1.1 year short duration (1hr, 2hr) the storm event, the efficiency of the BMPs is 5 to 10%, best accounts for 40% total process load by the constrcution wetland of the close planting area processing efficiency is 40 to 60%, and the wet detention pond to account for 5 to 20% of the system total process load , but at the duration 24 hours events, always processes the efficiency best is 86.44%. Its because the Runoff flowrate is lower for other storm events, and the resident time long therefore, is detained the pond to account for 15% of about system total process load. The event of the recurrence interval is 2 year and duration is 2hr, the efficiency is 4.16 %, and the wet detention pond to account for 25% of the system total process load, it compares other events to be high. At the 24hr duration event, processing efficiency is 5.86 %.the recurrence interval is 5 years and 6hr duration events, the efficiency is 10.27 %, the efficiency to 24 hours duration events it is 4.43 %.
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Wu-Kun-Che and 吳坤哲. "Windows-Based Design of Detention Pond with Sutro Weir Outlet." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84604801462600982355.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
93
The detention facilities can effectively reduce the peak flow, delay the peak time of flood or increase the infiltrations. Their purpose is to reduce the impact of increasing peak discharge in the downstream region due to the development of hillslope area. Proper design of the detention pond outlet plays an important role to fully utilize the limited space of the space to be fully developed, it plays a decisive role in the design of detention pond .In contrast to the traditional rectangular weir or orifice the compound outlets gradually receive attention. This research makes an inquiry about the detention pond of Sutro weir with the triangular and trapezoidal inflow hydrographs. Through the data collection of detention pond of Taiwan area in the years of 1994~2004, and a series of numerical calculation, the related information of the detention volume and the outlet shape can be obtained and expressed in the tabulated forms in order to make the designs of detention pond more accurate and convenient. Furthermore, with the use of the wireless phone transmission to the phone screen, the instant design information can be acquired in a short time when the are not available in the field computers.
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Yi-RueyTsai and 蔡亦睿. "Performance of Detention Pond in Flood Mitigation under Continuous Simulation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yk48x9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
104
In order to better understand the long-term operation of water conservation facilities, such as detention ponds, this study uses “long-term continuous simulation” method to model Yiwu detention pond in Yunlin, Taiwan. Long-term continuous simulation method uses long-term hydrological inputting data to simulate hydrological flow over time. Water conservancy facilities in Taiwan were designed using a simulation method which only considers a single high return-period rainfall event. This method may not be sufficient for considering the impact of multiple rainfall events, tide variability, and the efficiency of facilities. This can lead to detention pond designs being too large. In order to conduct a long-term continuous simulation, this study collects hourly rainfall and tide data from Yiwu detention pond for the years 2008 – 2014, as well as the detention ponds pump operating procedure and inputs them into SWMM model. The results from 2009 to 2014 show that there were few floods at Yiwu detention pond under extreme rainfall events and Xiayiwu branch of the Jianshan channel has the greatest flood mitigation benefit from the detention pond. Since the pumps extract water from the detention pond out to Jianshan channel before a rainfall event, other branches of Jianshan channel can be negatively affected. The initial water level for the automatic pump was designed too low, resulting in the mean water level of the detention pond and Xiayiwu branch being lower than the average tide level. This made draining by gravity impossible, and lead to the need for constant pumping of detention pond. For measuring the efficiency of the detention pond, this study calculated the amount of time the detention pond was used. The results show that on average, within the six years simulated, the detention pond was used 5.52% of the time. This means, on average, Yiwu detention pond was only used 20.17 days a year, showing low efficiency. This study suggests the use of long-term observations for calculating efficiency of water conservation facilities be considered part of “best practice” in hydraulic engineering design.
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Kang, Jia-Shiang, and 康嘉翔. "Hydraulic Characteristics of Detention Pond with Inverted V-notch Outlet." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56591388995684573522.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
95
The study focused on the investigation of inverted V-notch weirs. Four types of inverted V-notch weir outlets were employed in the experiments. Based on the hydrology continuity equation together with a Runge-Kutta numerical model, the characteristics of flood detention can be calculated. The validity of the proposed numerical model was also verified by the measurement data from the experiments conducted in this research. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1.By using the Runge-Kutta numerical model based on the governing equations from (3-17) to (3-19) of triangular and trapezoidal inflow hydrographs, the outflows were well predicted compared with the data of measurements conducted in this research. 2.As the peak inflow reduction (κ) becomes larger when the characteristic parameter of the triangular or trapezoidal inflow hydrograph is small. On the other hand, a decrease of the bottom width (b) of the inverted V-notch weir outlet leads to an increase e of the κ value. Moreover, with the same characteristic parameter of the triangular inflow hydrograph, a larger κ value results in a greater dimensionless peak lag time (Ts) is larger while the value of κ becomes larger. However, the κ value of κ becomes smaller when the inflow hydrograph is trapezoidal. 3.With the same amount of the peak outflow, as the characteristic parameter of the triangular inflow hydrograph (β) increases, the dimensionless storage volume (Sf*) of the detention pond decreases. In contrast, when the characteristic parameter of the trapezoidal inflow hydrograph (γ) increases, the value of Sf* becomes larger. 4.In terms of the storage volume, an inverted V-notch weir outlet generally needs less space than that of a rectangular spillway. Compared to the Sutro weir, on the other hand, with trapezoidal inflow hydrographs an inverted V-notch weir outlet need less space than a rectangular spillway when the value of κ is smaller than 0.1.
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Chiang, Sheng-Feng, and 江昇峰. "Development and Application of Windows-Based Design of Detention Pond." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18390684393154110224.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
90
Because of the hillside-over-development in Taiwan, the soil infiltration rate has reduced and the impervious area has increased of the watershed. In the event of a flood, this situation results in disasters within the downstream areas. It is necessary to establish flood detention facilities to delay the peak time and to reduce the peak flow. Since that computer technology has been improved so much that we make the detention facilities design, previously by hands, now by computers. In this study, the input hydrographs use isosceles trapezoid hydrograph and triangle hydrograph and gamma hydrograph in detention pond, and it uses Runge-Kutta method and Microsoft Visual Basic language to compiles a Windows-based program. In this paper, it also collects the detention facilities design data and use it to compare with the modal to help us make more accurate detention pond design in a more convenient way.