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1
Eades, David N. "Managing stressors in a detention facility: the need for supporting and safeguarding staff." Journal of Adult Protection 22, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-12-2019-0040.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of stressors and the strategies staff use to cope with these at a detention facility. It documents through case studies some of the triggers of trauma, possible coping mechanisms that might assist in navigating the associated stressors in a workplace and recommendations as to what might assist staff. Design/methodology/approach A naturalist approach was used in this research, using an ethnographic qualitative methodology. Grounded theory assisted in the analysis of the data to capture naturalistically the subjective experience of the participants of the study. Conversations occurred with staff who had worked in a detention facility using face to face semi-structured interviews. The structure was open-ended to allow the staff to discuss and share their experiences freely. Findings Stressors that impacted staff working in a detention facility resulted from areas such as heightened reactions from detainees because of the length of their detainment, detainee self-harm, dealing with the effects of an increase of substance abuse through detainees obtaining contraband and the associated violent reactions that can occur as a result. Adverse symptoms noted within the lives of staff included acute anxiety, sleeplessness, depression and tension within impersonal relationships, including family. What compounded the issue was staffs’ reluctance to talk about work stressors. Research limitations/implications The research used nine participants for case studies of staff who had formerly experienced various adverse impacts of stressors. This is not a comprehensive study, however, of the broader experiences of staff at an Australian detention facility. It does provide, however, a snapshot of the experiences of a small group who had significantly been impacted by the stressors of the workplace. Practical implications This paper provides fresh perspectives or initiatives that are needed to assist staff to navigate the changing environment of working in a detention facility. In particular, some support mechanisms and protective factors that could be put in place to curb the negative impact of stressors in the workplace and to mitigate against long term stress disorders developing in the personal lives of staff. Social implications Many staff are not getting the help they need to cope with the emotional distress they experience in their workplace. However, there are practical interventions to support staff in managing the stressors they face. These will be outlined in this article. Originality/value This study was carried out with the goal of giving staff a voice and to capture their former experiences in their vocational responsibilities in a venue that has had very limited research attention. This study has presented the challenges staff faced in a unique venue of working in a detention facility. It has documented some of the common stressors staff faced, the impact of such and some coping mechanisms used to handle them.
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Puthoopparambil, Soorej Jose, Beth Maina Ahlberg, and Magdalena Bjerneld. "“A prison with extra flavours”: experiences of immigrants in Swedish immigration detention centres." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2014-0042.
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Purpose – The immigration detention environment largely influences the health and well-being of detainees by either aggravating medical conditions or contributing to new illness. There is limited research on how detainees experience and try to cope with this environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe experiences of detainees in Swedish immigration detention centres. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three detention centres with a total of 21 detainees who had been detained for at least two weeks. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – The detainees likened immigration detention to imprisonment. They experienced lack of control over their life situation mainly through arbitrary restrictions and lack of proper response from authorities making it appear futile to seek help. This perceived lack of control forced them into passivity. Differences in amenities provided in the centres were observed and some of these were reported to assist in making detention more bearable. Research limitations/implications – This study provides only one stakeholder perspective. The perspectives of other stakeholders, such as detention staff, health care professionals and volunteers must be explored to improve understanding and mitigate the effects of detention. Originality/value – Irrespective of the better standards of detention in Sweden, the detainees considered detention as imprisonment affecting their health and well-being. If states deem detention to be necessary, improved staff-detainee interaction should be ensured through proper staff training, arbitrary restrictions within detention should be avoided and health care services should be improved.
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Hamilton, Sharynne L., Tracy Reibel, Rochelle Watkins, Raewyn C. Mutch, Natalie R. Kippin, Jacinta Freeman, Hayley M. Passmore, Bernadette Safe, Melissa O’Donnell, and Carol Bower. "‘He Has Problems; He Is Not the Problem . . .’ A Qualitative Study of Non-Custodial Staff Providing Services for Young Offenders Assessed for Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in an Australian Youth Detention Centre." Youth Justice 19, no. 2 (August 2019): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225419869839.
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Little is known about the challenges non-custodial youth detention centre staff face supporting young people with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). We undertook qualitative inquiry to identify and describe the perspectives of non-custodial staff detention staff regarding the value of an FASD prevalence study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups and analysed using thematic network analysis. Staff held few concerns about the prevalence study and its impact on participating young people; however, they identified barriers related to study processes, and practices and culture within their workplace, which hindered gaining maximum benefit from the research and its findings.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Negative Impact of the Job: Secondary Trauma Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Violence and Victims 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00141.
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The purpose of this article is to extend the existing literature on the workplace experiences of staff who work with juvenile offenders. We do this by assessing the extent of secondary trauma among a sample of juvenile detention officers and juvenile probation officers, and examine whether or not predictors of secondary trauma differ by position. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results based on a survey of 298 staff reveal that secondary trauma is relatively low among both juvenile detention officers and juvenile court/probation officers. Additionally, results indicate predictors of secondary trauma differ for each of these job positions. Experiencing threat or harm from offenders increased secondary trauma for detention officers but not for probation/court officers. However, having a higher level of education and input into decision-making decreased secondary trauma for probation/court officers, but not for detention officers. Greater support from coworkers led to decreased secondary trauma for both detention and probation/court officers. Implications for detention and probation agencies include efforts to improve supervisor and coworker support, as well as debriefing sessions after threat of harm incidents have occurred.
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DEMBO, RICHARD, and MAX DERTKE. "Work Environment Correlates of Staff Stress in a Youth Detention Facility." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 3 (September 1986): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013003006.
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We intensively interviewed 53 staff members of a state-operated regional children's detention center, located in a large, metropolitan, southern city. The center houses both delinquent and status offender youths, incarcerated on a variety of charges ranging from truancy to homicide. Staff stress was related to key features of their work environment. Concern about detainee acting out behavior, the perceived frequency of detainee “problem” behavior while in the facility, and the felt need for substance abuse services for detainees and better educational/recreational programs related positively to staff stress. Implications of these findings for developing a more realistic view of the nature and impact of the detention center experience for both detainees and staff are drawn.
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Smith, Murray, Rian O’Regan, and Rainer Goldbeck. "Detaining patients in the general hospital – current practice and pitfalls." Scottish Medical Journal 64, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036933019836054.
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Aims Much has been written about the use of the Mental Health Act in psychiatric settings. There is, however, little written on its use to detain patients with mental disorder in general hospitals. Method and results We therefore carried out a survey of the use of the Mental Health Act in general hospital settings in Aberdeen, and also posted a questionnaire to Scottish Liaison Psychiatrists, asking about their experience of the use of the Mental Health Act in general hospitals. Over a six-month period in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, we identified 39 detentions. Out of hours, the use of Emergency Detention Certificates was more common than use of Short Term Detention Certificates – the latter is recommended by the Mental Welfare Commission, as patients are afforded more rights. When psychiatric staff were not directly involved, procedural and administrative errors were more likely to occur. Liaison psychiatrists elsewhere in Scotland reported similar observations. Conclusion General hospital clinicians are unfamiliar with the Mental Health Act and its use. Errors in its application therefore arise, and are more common when psychiatric staff is not involved. Better education, including the provision of written information and consideration of an electronic system, may improve current practice.
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Breuls, Lars. "Understanding immigration detention." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 9, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-01-2019-0003.
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Purpose A reflexive ethnographic account of the practical and emotional challenges encountered by the researcher during fieldwork is too often separated from the analytical research results, which, as argued by this paper, downplays or even ignores the analytical value of the encountered challenges. Drawing on personal examples from ethnographic research in immigration detention, the purpose of this paper is to show that these challenges have an intrinsic analytical value. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic research was carried out in two immigration detention centres in Belgium and one in the Netherlands. Observations, informal conversations with detainees and staff, and semi-structured interviews with detainees were triangulated. Extracts from fieldnotes are presented and discussed to demonstrate the analytical value of the challenges experienced during fieldwork. Findings Three important challenges are presented: distrust from organisational gatekeepers and research participants, disruptions of the organisational routines, and witnessing and experiencing feelings of powerlessness. The analytical value of these challenges is strongly connected to theoretical and analytical themes that emerged during the research. Originality/value Ethnographic researchers are encouraged to explicitly treat the reflexive accounts of practical and emotional challenges as “data in itself” and as such nested within their analytical results.
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Rezzonico, Laura. "(Re)producing Boundaries While Enforcing Borders in Immigration Detention." Migration Letters 17, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i4.692.
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Immigration detention centres can be conceptualised as sites of bordering that separate the wanted from the unwanted and reify the boundary between citizens and non-citizens. Using boundary making as an analytical lens that allows getting insights into the work of borders, this paper addresses the relationship between staff and detainees in these ambiguous sites, asking how staff members engage in boundary work to distance themselves from the pains of detainees and to legitimise their work in an institution of exclusion. It considers boundary making based on three kinds of categories – race, ethnicity and culture; (il)legality and (un)deservingness; and unknownness and criminality – that are morally charged. Through the construction of detainees as culturally and morally different, illegal and undeserving, as well as potentially dangerous, prison staff contribute to the reinforcement of borders, legitimating their exclusionary dimension.
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Van Hout, Marie-Claire, Cassie Lungu-Byrne, and Jennifer Germain. "Migrant health situation when detained in European immigration detention centres: a synthesis of extant qualitative literature." International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2019-0074.
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Purpose Many migrants are detained in Europe not because they have committed a crime but because of lack of certainty over their immigration status. Although generally in good physical health on entry to Europe, migrant detainees have complex health needs, often related to mental health. Very little is known about the current health situation and health care needs of migrants when detained in European immigration detention settings. The review aims to synthesize the qualitative literature available on this issue from the perspectives of staff and migrants. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertook a synthesis of extant qualitative literature on migrant health experience and health situation when detained in European immigration detention settings; retrieved as part of a large-scale scoping review. Included records (n = 4) from Sweden and the UK representing both detainee and staff experiences were charted, synthesised and thematically analysed. Findings Three themes emerged from the analysis, namely, conditions in immigration detention settings, uncertainties and communication barriers and considerations of migrant detainee health. Conditions were described as inhumane, resembling prison and underpinned by communication difficulties, lack of adequate nutrition and responsive health care. Practical implications It is crucial that the experiences underpinning migration are understood to respond to the health needs of migrants, uphold their health rights and to ensure equitable access to health care in immigration detention settings. Originality/value There is a dearth of qualitative research in this area because of the difficulty of access to immigration detention settings for migrants. The authors highlight the critical need for further investigation of migrant health needs, so as to inform appropriate staff support and health service responses.
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Ryo, Emily. "Understanding Immigration Detention: Causes, Conditions, and Consequences." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042743.
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During the summer of 2018, the US government detained thousands of migrant parents and their separated children pursuant to its zero-tolerance policy at the United States–Mexico border. The ensuing media storm generated unprecedented public awareness about immigration detention. The recency of this public attention belies a long-standing immigration enforcement practice that has generated a growing body of research in the past couple of decades. I take stock of this research, focusing on the causes, conditions, and consequences of immigration detention in the United States. I also discuss critical tasks for future research, including ( a) examining the role of local governments, the private prison industry, and decision makers responsible for release decisions in maintaining the detention system; ( b) extending the field of inquiry to less-visible detainee populations and detention facility guards and staff, for a fuller understanding of detention conditions; and ( c) investigating not only direct but also indirect consequences of detention.
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Ahonen, Lia, and Jürgen Degner. "Working with complex problem behaviors in juvenile institutional care: staff's competence, organizational conditions and public value." International Journal of Prisoner Health 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-04-2013-0018.
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Purpose – Institutional staff encounter juveniles with complex problems (externalizing and internalizing) which calls for adequate formal education/training and professional experience to deliver quality treatment, contributing to an effective organization and increasing public value. The purpose of this paper is to investigate staff's formal education, professional experience and the institutions’ organizational strategies providing knowledge and clinical training to staff. Design/methodology/approach – The study includes staff questionnaires from eight wards (n=102). In addition, 39 in-depth interviews were conducted with management and staff members. Findings – Results show that institutions lack clearly defined target groups, 70 percent of staff members lack college education, 30 percent has never been offered education within the organization, and the vast majority of staff does not feel competent in performing their daily work. Practical implications – The results from this study shed light on an overlooked area in institutions, detention centers and prison settings, and are important to policy makers and governmental organizations responsible for coercive care of juveniles. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies, treatment and detention organizations are emphasized as similar to manufacturing industry and profit organizations, and the results are discussed with departure in organizational theory.
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Udell, Wadiya, Selina Mohammed, and David Breland. "Barriers to Independently Accessing Care Among Detention Youth." Journal of Adolescent Research 32, no. 4 (June 21, 2016): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558416653219.
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Youth in juvenile detention suffer from various health disparities that warrant access to health and mental health care. Although adjudicated youth receive health care while detained, many are disconnected from youth-serving institutions that may facilitate access to care when in the community. Examining the unique challenges impacting detention youth’s independent access to health services has the potential to improve health care services for this high-risk population. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 detention youth, and five health professionals serving justice-involved youth to identify barriers preventing detention youth from independently accessing care. Individual-level and structural barriers were identified. Individual-level barriers included youth’s lack of knowledge in a variety of areas, including fear, disinterest, and instability. Structural barriers included clinic restrictions on when patients can access services, challenging scheduling processes, and difficult interactions with clinic staff and providers. Several barriers limiting detention youth’s ability to independently access care were identified. Based on study findings, programs fostering health care utilization among detention youth should address both individual-level factors and structural factors.
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Bendelow, Gillian, Claire A. Warrington, Anna-Marie Jones, and Sarah Markham. "Police detentions of ‘mentally disordered persons’: A multi-method investigation of section 136 use in Sussex." Medicine, Science and the Law 59, no. 2 (April 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419830882.
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This research was conducted in response to governmental and public concern regarding the escalating use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) nationally and of the excessive use of police custody as a place of safety in Sussex in particular. A retrospective analysis of all detentions in Sussex during 2012 was combined with qualitative data from 37 people with lived experience of detention, as well as police, National Health Service (NHS) and allied staff and volunteers. Predominantly, police used s136 as suicide prevention (80%) when no other services or help were available. During the period of study (2013–2016), effective joint working strategies, such as the street triage pilot, were able to reduce the overall rates of s136 detentions and to increase access to NHS place of safety suites markedly. Although the research acknowledges idiosyncratic local factors which contribute to the high rate of detentions across Sussex, the results have wider implications for national policy and practice.
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Palmer, Neal A., and Emily A. Greytak. "LGBTQ Student Victimization and Its Relationship to School Discipline and Justice System Involvement." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817704698.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students experience higher rates of school-based victimization than their peers, and this victimization contributes to higher risk of suicide, substance misuse, mental disorder, and unsafe sexual experiences. In addition, these experiences may increase LGBTQ students’ interactions with school authorities and, subsequently, increase their risk of school discipline and involvement in the justice system. Using a sample of 8,215 LGBTQ middle and high school students in the United States surveyed online in 2015, this article explores the relationships between peer victimization and higher school disciplinary and justice system involvement among LGBTQ youth. Results indicate that LGBTQ youth who are victimized at school experience greater school discipline, including disciplinary referrals to school administration, school detention, suspension, and expulsion; and greater involvement in the justice system as a result of school discipline, including arrest, adjudication, and detention in a juvenile or adult facility. Moreover, school staff responses to victimization partially explain this relationship: Students reporting that staff responded to victimization in a discriminatory or unhelpful fashion experienced higher rates of school discipline and justice system involvement than those reporting that staff responded more effectively. Schools must confront pervasive anti-LGBTQ victimization and ineffective or biased responses from school staff to reduce unnecessary disciplinary involvement.
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Gradin Franzen, A., and K. Aronsson. "Teasing, laughing and disciplinary humor: Staff-youth interaction in detention home treatment." Discourse Studies 15, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445612471469.
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Dobrin, Adam, Justin J. Smith, Jennifer H. Peck, and Ken Mascara. "Perceptions of Gender Bias in the Promotional Process of a Detention Staff." American Journal of Criminal Justice 41, no. 3 (November 6, 2015): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-015-9312-8.
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Kronick, Rachel, Janet Cleveland, and Cécile Rousseau. "“Do you want to help or go to war?”: Ethical challenges of critical research in immigration detention in Canada." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v6i2.926.
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In a time of mass displacement, countries across the globe are seeking to protect borders through coercive methods of deterrence such as immigration detention. In Canada, migrants—including children—may be detained in penal facilities having neither been charged nor convicted of crimes. In this paper we examine how we dealt with the series of ethical dilemmas that emerged while doing research in immigration detention centres in Canada. Using a critical ethnographic approach, we examine the process of our research in the field, seeking to understand what our emotional responses and those of the staff could tell us about detention itself, but also about what is at stake when researchers are faced with the suffering of participants in these spaces of confinement. The findings suggest that field work in immigration detention centres is an emotionally demanding process and that there were several pivotal moments in which our sense of moral and clinical obligations toward distressed detainees, especially children, were in conflict with our role as researchers. We also grapple with how the disciplinary gaze of the detention centre affects researchers entering the space. Given these tensions, we argue, spaces of critical reflection that can consider and contain the strongly evoked emotions are crucial, both for researchers, and perhaps more challengingly, for detention centre employees and gatekeepers as well.
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Bazemore, Gordon, Todd J. Dicker, and Ron Nyhan. "Juvenile Justice Reform and the Difference it Makes: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Policy Change on Detention Worker Attitudes." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 1 (January 1994): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040001003.
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Despite increasing interest in policy implementation and reform, few studies have examined the impact of criminal justice reforms on staff attitudes. This article compares several dimensions of staff attitudes in two similar juvenile detention facilities: one that has undergone significant reform in policy and practice governing staff/detainee interaction and one that has not. Based on survey data gathered from workers in both facilities in the fall of 1991 (N = 109), exploratory findings reveal significant differences between workers in the two facilities in punitive attitudes, but few differences in other attitudes. Implications for understanding both behavioral and cognitive impacts of reforms are discussed.
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Wästerfors, David. "Things Left Unwritten: Interview Accounts versus Institutional Texts in a Case of Detention Home Violence." Social Inclusion 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i1.1824.
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To write about clients is an established routine in countless institutional settings, regardless of the fact that clients themselves seldom feel that the produced texts mirror or summarize their experiences. But what, more specifically, is left unwritten when staff starts typing on the keyboard to insert a piece of daily life into the computer? This article draws on data on violent events in Swedish detention homes, covering, on the one hand, interview accounts collected by ethnographic researchers and, on the other hand, formal journal reports on the “same” event written by staff. The analysis of one case exemplifies what written versions of a violent ward drama omit or transform: staff members’ “separation work” of the fighting actors and their local manufacturing of accountability, the involved actors’ conflict explanations in terms of ethnicity, gang culture, and “the first blow”, young people’s way of linking their self-control to the institution’s privilege system, and moral emotions as well as the significance of crucial details in the depicted course of events. The argument is not that staff should merely improve their routines of documenting events to really cover these or other facets of social life that are left behind at a detention home. Rather, the article attempts to explore why and in what sense institutional writing is incompatible with more informal, personal, and local accounting procedures.
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Marsh, Shawn C., and William P. Evans. "Predictors of Staff Responses to Problematic Youth Behavior in Detention and Correctional Settings." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 44, no. 1 (October 2006): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v44n01_04.
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Gibbs, Anita, and Denise King. "The Electronic Ball and Chain? The Operation and Impact of Home Detention with Electronic Monitoring in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 1 (April 2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.1.1.
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In New Zealand, Amendment No. 9 (1999) of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 introduced Home Detention Orders as an early release from prison option, implemented on the 1st October 1999. The orders, with electronic monitoring,were available to convicted offenders who had not committed serious offences and who were sentenced to, or serving, varying lengths of imprisonment.The purpose of the new scheme was to ease the transition of prison inmates back into the community. It was also hoped that home detention would result in a reduction in overall time spent in prison, as well as addressing offending behaviour through the intensive supervision and programs accompanying the home confinement. After reviewing the literature on home detention, and outlining the development and operation of home detention in New Zealand, we will discuss research undertaken by the authors during 2001. The research aimed to ascertain the impact of home detention on offenders, and their families, and to explore the views of other stakeholders, for example, probation officers and prison board members.We interviewed 21 offenders, 21 sponsors, 6 probation officers, 2 security staff and observed over 20 members of district prison boards. Eleven key findings were identified: including factors of suitability, impacts on behaviour and relationships, gender issues and the effectiveness of home detention.We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of the research: the need to support families and sponsors, ongoing ethical and legal issues, and the acceptance of surveillance as the norm in New Zealand.
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Kaal, Hendrien L., Henk L. I. Nijman, and Xavier M. H. Moonen. "Identifying offenders with an intellectual disability in detention in The Netherlands." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 6, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-04-2015-0008.
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Purpose – The Dutch Custodial Institutions Agency has commissioned a number of research projects on offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) in prison. A continuing problem has been that it is not known what the prevalence of ID in Dutch prisons is, and how to identify ID in individual detainees. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – With this in mind a screening instrument (screener for learning disabilities and intelligence (SCIL)) has been developed that screens for IQ < 85. This instrument has been piloted in four different penitentiary institutes. Findings – The papers briefly describes the results of the studies preceding the pilot before turning to the pilot itself. The pilot shed light on what considerations need to be taken into account when implement screening for ID in the current prison system, and on the potential added value for prison staff of knowing whether a detainee possibly has an ID. In addition, the pilot gave some insight into the characteristics of Dutch prisoners. Originality/value – The main conclusion is that the SCIL can be successfully implemented within these settings, provided that sufficient attention is being paid to the advance instructions to staff and to the introduction of the screening to the detainees.
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Apakama, Dorothy C. "Emergency department as a ‘place of safety’: reviewing the use of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 in England." Medicine, Science and the Law 52, no. 1 (October 28, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/msl.2011.010154.
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Section 136 provides the lawful authority for the removal, by the police, of the person to whom the provision applies, from a place to which the public have access. There has been a longstanding debate as to the most appropriate place of safety for these patients. The aim of this article is to review the literature and determine the ideal place for the detention and assessment of these patients and clarify the responsibilities of the staff of the agencies involved in the detention. It concludes that there is no single most appropriate place of safety for all groups of patients. Rather, there should be a range of options to enable the assessment in the most suitable environment for individual cases according to their needs at the time.
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Hollis, Jake. "The psychosocial experience of UK immigration detention." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2018-0024.
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Purpose Existing quantitative research demonstrates negatively impacted mental health outcomes for people detained in immigration removal centres (IRCs) in the UK. However, there is limited qualitative research on the phenomenology of life inside UK IRCs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial stressors experienced by people in detention, the psychological impacts of being detained and the ways in which people express resilience and cope in detention. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with nine people who had previously been held in UK IRCs. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Participants experienced incredulity and cognitive dissonance at being detained, and found themselves deprived of communication and healthcare needs. These stressors led participants to feel powerless, doubt themselves and their worldviews, and ruminate about their uncertain futures. However, participants also demonstrated resilience, and used proactive behaviours, spirituality and personal relationships to cope in detention. Antonovsky’s (1979) theory on wellbeing – sense of coherence – was found to have particular explanatory value for these findings. Research limitations/implications The sample of participants used in this study was skewed towards male, Iranian asylum seekers, and the findings therefore may have less applicability to the experiences of females, ex-prisoners and people from different geographical and cultural backgrounds. Originality/value This study offers a range of new insights into how detention in the UK impacts on people’s lives. The findings may be useful to policy makers who legislate on and regulate the UK immigration detention system, as well as custodial staff and health and social care practitioners working in IRCs.
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Elzubeir, Khalifa, and Stephen Dye. "Capacity to consent to admission of patients detained under Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act." Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20299/jpi.2020.021.
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Background: Little is known regarding capacity to agree to admission of informal patients later detained under Section 5(2) of the UK Mental Health Act.<br/> Aim: To evaluate how frequently such capacity is assessed and to discover associations related to length of time from admission until imposition of Section 5(2).<br/> Method: Patients detained under Section 5(2) on acute inpatient general adult and old age psychiatric wards in one UK location between June 2016 and March 2018 were identified. Their admission records were scrutinized.<br/> Results: Capacity was assessed in 97 of 124 patients. Fewer assessments were performed immediately prior to admission, especially upon patients admitted from residential settings. On admission, medical staff assessed for capacity less than non-medics, but found an individual lacked capacity more frequently. Time until detention was less upon a first admission, in absence of pre-admission capacity assessment, when medical staff assessed, or when any inpatient clinician detected incapacity.<br/> Conclusion: Routine capacity assessment immediately prior to and at psychiatric admission should be formalized and offers potential to reduce use of Section 5(2), unlawful detention and negative sequalae.
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Puthoopparambil, Soorej J., and Magdalena Bjerneld. "Detainees, staff, and health care services in immigration detention centres: a descriptive comparison of detention systems in Sweden and in the Benelux countries." Global Health Action 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2016): 30358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.30358.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Predicting Burnout Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419831352.
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The purpose of our study is to extend the existing literature by assessing the predictors of burnout among juvenile justice staff. We assess the impact of individual, job/role-related, and organizational factors on burnout among juvenile probation and juvenile detention officers. Also, given recent research in the institutional and community corrections field, we evaluate which set of variables (e.g., individual, job/role related, and organizational) has a greater impact on burnout. Results indicate that the only individual-level variable affecting burnout is contact hours, and only for emotional exhaustion. Role overload is also significant only for emotional exhaustion, whereas work–family conflict is significant for both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Furthermore, input into decision making and lack of opportunities are both significant for depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Finally, job characteristics appear to have a greater impact than organizational variables on both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but organizational variables have a stronger influence on personal accomplishment.
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Toblin, Robin L., Sylvie I. Cohen, and Liesl M. Hagan. "SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Correctional Staff in the Federal Bureau of Prisons." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 6 (June 2021): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306237.
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Objectives. To examine SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) epidemiology and risk factors among Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) staff in the United States. Methods. We calculated the SARS-CoV-2 case rate among 37 640 BOP staff from March 12 to June 17, 2020, using payroll and COVID-19–specific data. We compared occupational factors among staff with and without known SARS-CoV-2 using multiple logistic regression, controlling for demographic characteristics. We calculated relative risk among staff in stand-alone institutions versus complexes (> 1 institution). Results. SARS-CoV-2 was reported by 665 staff across 59.8% of institutions, a case rate of 1766.6 per 100 000. Working in dorm-style housing and in detention centers were strong risk factors, whereas cell-based housing was protective; these effects were erased in complexes. Occupational category was not associated with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 infection was more likely among staff working in institutions where physical distancing and limiting exposure to a consistent set of staff and inmates are challenging. Public Health Implications. Mitigation strategies—including augmented staff testing, entry and exit testing among inmates, limiting staff interactions across complexes, and increasing physical distancing by reducing occupancy in dorm-style housing—may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among correctional staff.
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Sondhi, Arun, and Emma Williams. "Police and health operational staff perspectives on managing detainees held under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act: A qualitative study in London." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.112.
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Detention under section 136(1) of the Mental Health Act 1983 allows for the police to detain a person from a public place and “remove [them] to a place of safety” if it is “in the interests of that person or for the protection of other persons in immediate need of care or control.” This study examines the interface between police and health professionals covering the conveyance and transfer of detainees to a place of safety and on completion of the assessment prior to inpatient admission. One hundred ninety-six professionals were interviewed across police (n=38), London Ambulance Service (n=2), Mental Health or Emergency Department staff (n=63), and Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs)/Section 12 doctors (n=93). The data was analyzed thematically using a Framework analysis. The conveyance and transfer of detainees was framed by various elements of detainee risk. Healthcare professionals cited clinical risk, risk associated with substance misuse, professional safety, culture of risk aversion, staffing issues, and fear of certain detainee groups as the main issues. For police, risk was discussed within the context of institutional or professional fear of negligence due to an adverse incident. It is argued that the negative framing of risk at this point of the detention process by all professionals creates a negative therapeutic environment for detainees. Whilst safety is an essential part of the detention process, these distinctions problematize the process for a detainee. The article argues for a more balanced framing of risk to establish a more therapeutic interaction between detainees and police and healthcare providers.
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Richardson, Michael Ernest. "Rooming-in: An Alternative to Involuntary Detention." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076104.
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Objective: To provide, via ‘rooming-in’, a local, less coercive and less frightening alternative to involuntary detention. Rooming In is the voluntary participation of so-called ‘confidants’, who may be chosen family members or trusted friends, in the management of acute, severe psychiatric disturbance by their providing a 24 hour vigil with the patient in a single, safe hospital room. Method: There were 73 admissions to the rooming-in program at the Manning Base Hospital, Taree, New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 5 August 1986 and 21 September 1992. During the same period 78 patients were remitted from the hospital on an involuntary basis to urban detention centres: ‘scheduled’ under the NSW Mental Health Act. Demographic and diagnostic characteristics of the two populations, both of whom met identical criteria for involuntary detention, are compared in this retrospective, case report study. These two groups constituted only 6% of total psychiatric consults carried out at the hospital over the same 6 year period and those roomed-in represented only 12% of the psychiatric admissions. A quality assurance study evaluated the acceptability of the program. Results: The scheduled patients were more likely to be single, of no fixed abode and without a local family. They were more likely to have a schizophrenic disorder, compounded by polysubstance abuse, than a mood disorder. The average inpatient stay for those roomed-in was 10 days. Seventy per cent of confidants were required for 4 days or less. The rooming-in program was valued highly by nursing staff, patients and their families. Conclusion: A search of the world literature would suggest that rooming-in, as a model of care, is unique, at least in the developed world. It allows some seriously disturbed patients to be provided with a local and less restrictive general hospital alternative.
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Tran, Nguyen Toan, and Hans Wolff. "Upholding confidentiality in the preparation and distribution of medication in prisons: implementing recommendations of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." F1000Research 9 (February 6, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21895.1.
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Confidentiality must be ensured even in the preparation and distribution of medications in detention settings. In this respect, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment found during recent prison visits several instances where prison staff, and at times detainees, dispensed prescribed treatments and supervised their intake. Such a practice compromises medical confidentiality requirements and the establishment of a trusting doctor-patient relationship. To respect medical confidentiality and ensure safety and quality of care, the authors argue that only qualified healthcare personnel should prepare and distribute prescribed medications, all of which require specialized training. They call for robust research that examines the operational barriers and facilitators as well as the respect of human rights related to various approaches to medication preparation, distribution, and intake so that people in detention can access their treatment with safety, confidentiality, autonomy, and dignity.
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Ford, Skye-Blue, Terry Bowyer, and Phil Morgan. "The experience of compulsory treatment: the implications for recovery-orientated practice?" Mental Health and Social Inclusion 19, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-05-2015-0017.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper to contribute to discussions on improvements to acute mental health services by increasing the awareness of the experience of being compulsorily detained. Design/methodology/approach – A thematic analysis of a literature review was undertaken, exploring patients’ experiences of compulsory detention, and is presented here alongside a lived-experience commentary. This leads into a discussion of the implications for practice. Findings – There are three key themes identified: people’s views on the justification of their compulsory detention; the power imbalance between patients and staff; and the lack of information or choice. The lived-experience commentary adds weight to these findings by citing personal examples and making suggestions for improving services. The discussion centres on the potential of co-production between people who access services, their supporters, and professionals to improve treatment for people who may need compulsory detention. The paper also raises questions on whether current legislation and service provision can effectively deliver recovery-orientated practice. Originality/value – Through bringing together research evidence and personal perspectives this paper contributes to the discussion on how services for people in crisis can be improved and raises important questions about current service provision and the legislation that underpins it.
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Lederman, Edith, Andria Blackwell, Gina Tomkus, Misty Rios, Brent Stephen, Ada Rivera, and Philip Farabaugh. "Opt-out Testing Pilot for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Immigrant Detainees at 2 Immigration and Customs Enforcement Health Service Corps–Staffed Detention Facilities, 2018." Public Health Reports 135, no. 1_suppl (July 2020): 82S—89S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920928491.
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Objectives Correctional settings (prisons, jails, detention facilities) provide a unique opportunity to screen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among correctional populations with a high prevalence of infection. Immigrant detainees are a distinct and poorly described correctional population. The main objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a national STI screening program for immigrant detainees. Methods and Materials We developed an opt-out STI testing program that included electronic health record integration, patient education, and staff member training. We piloted this program from June 22 through August 19, 2018, at 2 detention facilities with different operational requirements and detainee demographic characteristics. We assessed STI test positivity rates, treatment outcomes, estimated cost to conduct testing and counseling, and staff member perceptions of program value and challenges to implementation. Results Of 1041 immigrant detainees approached for testing, 526 (50.5%) declined. Of 494 detainees who were tested, 42 (8.5%) tested positive for at least 1 STI; the percentage positivity rates were 6.7% (n = 33) for chlamydia, 0.8% (n = 4) for syphilis, 0.8% (n = 4) for gonorrhea, 0.6% (n = 3) for hepatitis B, and 0.2% (n = 1) for HIV. The estimated cost to detect any STI ranged from $500 to $961; the estimated cost to identify 1 person infected with HIV ranged from $22 497 to $43 244. Forty of 42 persons who tested positive began treatment before release from custody. Medical staff members had positive views of the program but had concerns about workload. Practice Implications STIs are prevalent among immigrant detainees. A routine screening program is feasible if operational aspects are carefully considered and would provide counseling, education, and treatment for this vulnerable population.
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Ballon, Vincent. "Overcrowding: Nobody's fault? When some struggle to survive waiting for everyone to take responsibility." International Review of the Red Cross 98, no. 903 (December 2016): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383117000583.
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AbstractVisiting an overcrowded prison is a journey into the private life of each person deprived of his or her freedom, into the community of the detainees and of the staff working in such a place. Using the senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch, combined with empathy and time for observation, helps ICRC delegates to explore vulnerabilities, discover how detainees and staff cope, and grasp the intricate complexity of such a prison system. Beyond what is left of human dignity in these places of detention, when coping mechanisms become survival mechanisms, the suffering shows that overcrowding is wrong. It follows that if overcrowding is “nobody's fault”, it is the responsibility of every individual and every institution of the criminal justice system to create solutions.
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Hall, A. D., B. K. Puri, T. Stewart, and P. S. Grahame. "Doctors' Holding Power in Practice: Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983." Medicine, Science and the Law 35, no. 3 (July 1995): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500310.
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Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.
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Howard, Robert. "Useful or useless architecture? A dimension of the relationship between the Georgian schizophrenic James Tilly Matthews and his doctor, John Haslam." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 10 (October 1990): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.10.620.
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James Tilly Matthews, a paranoid schizophrenic admitted to Bethlem on 28 January 1797, was to become the most colourful and controversial inmate of the hospital in the years up to his death in 1815. Influential relatives and friends campaigned for his release and attempted to demonstrate his sanity, on two occasions, in 1797 and 1809, having him examined before high court judges. The hospital medical staff, in particular John Haslam, the apothecary (in post 1795–1816), were obliged to demonstrate repeatedly Matthews' continued insanity, and to this end his case was published (Haslam, 1810). Bethlem was under political pressure to continue Matthews' detention. His admission followed an attempt to disrupt a sitting of the House of Commons in December 1796, which occurred as the climax of a campaign of deluded lobbying during which he had made threats against the safety of senior politicians, including Lord Liverpool, the Home Secretary (Matthews, 1796). Under in-patient care, Matthews continued to express threats against the lives of the Royal Family, politicians, and the staff of Bethlem (Matthews, 1804). Transferred to the incurable ward in 1798, his continued detention was at the specific request of the Home Secretary, a fact revealed by Haslam at the 1809 hearing (Haslam, 1809). In May 1813, Matthews, having developed a spinal abscess, was transferred to a private madhouse in Hoxton, where it was felt country air might improve his medical condition. He died there in January 1815.
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Kozhokaru, Vladimir. "On the issue of penitentiary institutions classification." International penitentiary journal 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2712-7737.2020.02(1-3).3.182-189.
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The penitentiary system of the Republic of Moldova has entered a stage of reform since it was transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of Justice. For about 20 years under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice, similar to the European penitentiary systems, the national system has been experiencing the same difficulties: a high rate of recidivism, overcrowding in places of detention, an increase in cases of detection of prohibited items and substances in penitentiary institutions, lack of staff and insufficient financial resources. The situation at the national level differs from the general European practice in terms of separate detention of persons sentenced to imprisonment. The penalty of imprisonment is executed in penitentiary institutions of the following types: open, semi-closed, for juveniles (in which conditions correspond to semi-closed penitentiary institutions) and for women, in which the regime of detention corresponds to the regime established for open, semi-closed or closed type of penitentiary institutions, depending on the category of penitentiary institutions assigned by the sentence. The rigidity of the established system is determined by the clear definition in the law of the categories of prisoners and types of penitentiary institutions for serving sentences. It is not allowed to change the type of penitentiary institution. Such a system of imprisonment execution, established by mandatory norms of criminal law, not only creates a problem for the effective implementation of criminal justice (individualization of punishment), but also determines the need to organize three modes of detention in each type of penitentiary institution. Consequently, most penitentiary institutions should have at least 12 separate detention sectors, corresponding to each type of penitentiary and detention regime. At the same time, the problem of choosing the categories of sectors that should be present in a penitentiary institution becomes very relevant. This is due to the fact that the regime of a sentence execution in the form of imprisonment in a penitentiary institution does not consist in simple isolation, but in a regime with a rich content consisting of various aspects of life and activities of convicts during execution of sentences. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests revising the content of the concept “type of penitentiary institution”. This concept should include not only the level of accessibility within the penitentiary institution, but also the restrictions necessary for the detention of persons deprived of their liberty, depending on the assessment of their psychological profile, behavior and individual execution plan.
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Ly, Alison, Aleta Sprague, Brianna Pierce, Corina Post, and Jody Heymann. "Immigration Detention in the United States: Identifying Alternatives That Comply With Human Rights and Advance Public Health." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 8 (August 2021): 1497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306253.
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Under international law, the United States is obligated to uphold noncitizens’ fundamental rights, including their rights to health. However, current US immigration laws—and their enforcement—not only fail to fulfill migrants’ health rights but actively undermine their realization and worsen the pandemic’s spread. Specifically, the US immigration system’s reliance on detention, which precludes effective social distancing, increases risks of exposure and infection for detainees, staff, and their broader communities. International agreements clearly state that the prolonged, mandatory, or automatic detention of people solely because of their migration status is a human rights violation on its own. But in the context of COVID-19, the consequences for migrants’ right to health are particularly acute. Effective alternatives exist: other countries demonstrate the feasibility of adopting and implementing immigration laws that establish far less restrictive, social services–based approaches to enforcement that respect human rights. To protect public health and realize its global commitments, the United States must shift away from detaining migrants as standard practice and adopt effective, humane alternatives—both amid COVID-19 and permanently.
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Ишков, Юрий Владимирович, and Yuriy Vladimirovich Ishkov. "Medical, social and organizational bases of staff security in penitentiary institutions of Russia." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2019, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2019-2-43-51.
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The article discusses various aspects of ensuring the safety of employees of the penal and correctional system in prisons of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development
of society. Particular attention is paid to the influence of a criminogenic environment on the penal and correctional system staff performing their official duties in pre-trial detention centers and cor-rectional facilities. The regulatory framework governing the procedure and conditions of service by the employees of the Russian penitentiary system has been characterized. Three main objects of security are distinguished: personality (its rights and freedoms), society (its material and spiritual values), state (its constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial value). The shortcomings in the work of the penal and correctional system, which have a negative impact on the safety of personnel of institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, have been analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the need to ensure medical safety for prison staff and persons held in prisons
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Puthoopparambil, Soorej J., Beth M. Ahlberg, and Magdalena Bjerneld. "“It is a thin line to walk on”: Challenges of staff working at Swedish immigration detention centres." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 25196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.25196.
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Weyand, M. "Monitoring runoff conditions in a combined sewer system: experience and results of ten years' application." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0025.
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To get knowledge about the runoff, storage and combined sewer overflow (CSO) conditions since 1985 a measuring and monitoring system is working in the sewer network of the community Ense-Bremen (near Dortmund). Within this semi-urban catchment seven detention facilities are fitted out with devices for monitoring information about basin outflow, grade of volume and CSO. Since October 1986 the determined data are also used for the real-time control of that sewerage. Since its installation the monitoring system works rather satisfyingly. Especially the operating staff use its possibilities to get information about the actual condition of the sewer system. Thus, differences to the normal runoff conditions can be realised in very short time. That allows an immediate reaction in order to clear malfunctions or errors as well. However, within the ten years there have also occurred some failures at the measuring devices caused by different reasons up to a complete breakdown of the whole system during thunder-storms. All in all the results of that pilot project have been positive and are now the basis for the equipment of further detention facilities in other sewer systems with monitoring devices.
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Spolverato, Giorgia. "The Implementation of the European Prison Rules Regarding Education in Belgium and Ireland." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 29, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-bja10020.
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Abstract Reintegration of prisoners into community life is more than one of the desired outcomes of detention; it is a right. A long-standing tradition of international standards has been developed over time to regulate individualised reintegration plans, based on learning and working activities, relations with the outside world and assistance post-release. The European Prison Rules – adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe – are an outstanding result of this normative production. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the implementation of international standards on prison education in Belgium and Ireland. The analysis of law, practices and domestic data points out the features of the prison education services in the two countries. Eventually, interviewing experts in the field allowed illustrating the initiatives that Belgium and Ireland are undertaking to respond to some current obstacles that the delivery of educational activities is facing. This research shows that despite the efforts of the two countries to comply with international standards on prison education, inadequate detention conditions – characterised by scarcity of resources and lack of specialised staff – hamper the reintegration of prisoners.
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FADEEVA, SVETLANA A. "New approaches to the professional development of specialists of the bodies and institutions of the penal system: experience and opportunities." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 230, no. 7 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-230-7-74-78.
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The article analyzes the relevance of the problem of professional development of specialists of the penal system in the field of educating juvenile convicts in the conditions of the penal system; emphasis is placed on professional deficiencies and manifestations of the employee's subjective stand when working with juvenile convicts in a pre-trial detention center or an educational colony. The subject of the article is an analysis of the main documents of educational policy in the field of upbringing of juveniles, the results of a control snapshot of the organization of educational work in colo- nies, as well as a quantitative analysis of additional professional training programs for employees implemented in the penitentiary system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the importance of updating the content of training for prison staff, showing the inadequacy of educational programs on the education and socialization of juvenile convicts. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the analysis, synthesis and formal-logical methods. The value and practical significance of the study lies in identifying a list of issues that are relevant for inclusion in additional professional training programs when training an employee of the penitentiary system; in focusing attention on ensuring the formation of universal pedagogical actions of an employee working with juveniles. The work makes a conclusion on the need to search for modern approaches to improving the qualifications of pedagogical personnel of the penal system when working with juveniles in educational colonies and pre-trial detention centers. Key words: juvenile convicts, education, staff, professional development, subject’s stand, training programs for penitentiary institutions, universal pedagogical actions.
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Leonard, Peter, John Hillery, and Mary Staines. "The challenge of applying mental health law reform to the intellectual disability sector in Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670001020x.
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The full implementation of the Irish Mental Health Act 2001 brings about the introduction of an altered legal definition of mental disorder, mandatory review of involuntary detention within a 21-day period and new statutory rules regarding the use of seclusion and mechanical means of bodily restraint. This legislation came into full effect on November 1, 2006. The implications of this for the intellectual disability psychiatry sector are profound and the full ramifications of these changes will only become fully apparent over time.This also occurs at a time when we are facing unprecedented developments in government mental health policy, major changes to postgraduate training in psychiatry, difficulty recruiting appropriately skilled staff and increasing legal requirements on employers to ensure staff safety. Several of these drivers for change may appear at face value to be in conflict and a complex balance will be required if these changes are to be blended to ultimately improve the care provided to clients of our services.
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Cudak, Sławomir. "SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SUICIDE THREATS AS ELEMENTS OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR OF PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas w Sosnowcu. Pedagogika 21 (November 24, 2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5660.
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Suicidal ideation and suicide threats as elements of suicidal behaviour may occur in every social group, to a small extent though. Negative behaviour of this type increases among people in penal institutions. 112 prisoners took part in a study conducted in a detention center. The results of the study show that suicidal ideation is present among people in prison to a large extent and range. The length of the prison sentence causes a higher frequency of suicidal ideation. Suicide threats occur among prisoners, however, with a much lower frequency than suicidal ideation. They are manifested for the purpose of manipulating the prison staff and gaining better living conditions in penal institutions.
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Walden, Angela L., and Nicole E. Allen. "Examining Correctional Staff Members’ Engagement in Rehabilitation as Part of Their Everyday Practices in Short‐term Juvenile Detention." American Journal of Community Psychology 64, no. 3-4 (August 2, 2019): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12369.
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Wiseman, Martin, and Shannon O’Gorman. "Seeking Refuge: Implications when Integrating Refugee and Asylum Seeker Students into a Mainstream Australian School." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dcse-2017-0004.
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Abstract This article describes one school’s response to the inclusion and education of refugee and asylum seeker students within a mainstream educational setting. Australian government statistics released on 31 March 2016 stated that there were presently 50 children being held on Nauru, 17 children held in detention on the mainland and 317 children held in community detention on the mainland (ChilOut, 2016). Refugee and asylum seeking students are subject to the impact of war and conflict; the cumulative time spent in detention may severely limit a young person’s access to formal education. Whilst it is understood that children will benefit from access to education, the reality is that “little appears to have been written on asylum seekers” in an educational context (Reakes, 2007, p. 94). This represents a concern when it is acknowledged that “sustaining teachers in culturally and linguistically diverse schools has been a prominent issue for years” (Williams, Edwards, Kuhel, & Lim, 2016, p. 17). This article responds to the limitations of current literature by articulating considerations that would likely assist other schools seeking to establish similar inclusive frameworks. Specifically, the thematic grouping of staff observations seek to articulate the cultural considerations that likely influence the sustainability of an inclusive and liberating approach to integrative school enrolment. This paper draws on the authors’ observations and experiences in schools, the published literature and the observations of the two authors – specifically, drawing on their educational and therapeutic expertise. These observations are then grouped into themes outlined by Akinsulure-Smith and O’Hara (2012) as key reasons for therapeutic referral, namely: employment barriers, medical challenges, language barriers, social services and legal challenges.
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Corcoran, Tim, Julie White, Kitty te Riele, Alison Baker, and Philippa Moylan. "Psychosocial justice for students in custody." Journal of Psychosocial Studies 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/147867319x15608718110899.
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Availability to quality education is significantly beneficial to the life prospects of young people. In particular, for young people caught up in the justice system, it is argued that involvement in education reduces risk of further criminality and improves a person’s prospects for future community engagement. This paper overviews a recent study undertaken in the Australian state of Victoria. The study worked with project partner, Parkville College, the government school operating inside the state’s two detention centres, to examine what supports and hinders education for students in custody. Amongst other purposes, education should be about the pursuit of justice and if accepted as an ontological opportunity, education can invite the pursuit of a particular kind of justice ‐ psychosocial justice. Subsequently, psychosocial theory applied to educational practice in youth detention is inextricably linked to issues concerning justice, both for how theory is invoked and ways in which practice is enacted. The paper first introduces the concept of psychosocial justice then hears from staff connected to Parkville College regarding issues and concerns related to their work. As shown, education for incarcerated young people, not just in Australia but internationally, is enhanced by contributions from psychosocial studies providing a means to pursuing justice informed by a politics of psychosocialism.
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PETROV, A. M., A. S. KISELEV, and E. V. GERASIMOVA. "Legal basis for the activities of the Main Directorate of Places of Detention of the Ministry of Justice of the Provisional Government." Ius Publicum et Privatum 2, no. 12 (June 30, 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811-2021-2-31-40.
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The article reveals the legal foundations of the activities of the Main Directorate of Places of Detention of the Ministry of Justice created by the Provisional Government of Russia on April 26, 1917. The authors examine in detail the process of drafting the General Prison Instruction by the General Directorate of Places of Detention. Its peculiarity was the fact that this work was delegated to employees of the penal system and prosecutors in a number of regions, therefore, the interests of prison staff and the problems they faced in practice were taken into account. As a result on the basis of local lawmaking the development of the main normative legal act regulating the regime and conditions for the execution of sentences in the country as a whole was carried out. The strategy for preparing a new version of the General Prison Instruction with the help of the initiatives of the regional prison officials was of great importance. At present the problem of improving the institution of social patronage over released convicts is urgent. The accumulated experience of introducing measures of public patronage and patronage during the period of the Provisional Government’s activity should be studied in detail with a view to possible borrowing into the activities of the bodies of the Russian penal system.
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Grigolin, Valentina, Massimo De Mari, Elena Dinelli, Laura Marcolongo, Salvatore Montalto, Giordano Bruno Padovan, Gjergji Pojani, Fabiola Zorzi, Patrizia Orcamo, and Felice Alfonso Nava. "Prison health is a public health: Management of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak in an Italian prison." MISSION, no. 55 (July 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mis55-2020oa12160.
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The Covid-19 emergency in prisons is a public health warming due to overcrowding, poor structural conditions,and life promiscuities.Worldwide a lot of prisoners were Sars-CoV-2 positive and in Italy several outbreaks occurred in many prisons.This paper examines, using a clinical audit, a Covid-19 outbreak occurred in an Italian prison during the spring2021.The study showed that the best measures to mitigate the outbreak negative consequences both in prisoners andin the staff are the preventive actions, the hygiene and disinfection of the common detention areas; the reductionof overcrowding; the stop of the working activities during the quarantine period.Only an improvement of living conditions inside the prisons may reduce the risk of infection among inmates.