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Journal articles on the topic 'Detergent Developments'
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1
Nguyen, Vu-Mai-Linh, Adama Ndao, Eric Charles Peterson, Jean-François Blais, and Kokou Adjallé. "Bacillus Species: Evolving Roles in Bio-Based Detergents." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061885.
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Enzymes and biosurfactants, often referred to as “green chemicals,” play pivotal roles in enhancing the washing performance of bio-based detergents—a growing trend driven by environmentally conscious consumers. However, the widespread adoption of such bio-based detergents faces challenges, including high costs, limited efficiency, and the need for ongoing innovations. Bacillus species have long been universally acknowledged and exploited for industrial applications, and Bacillus spp. are largely differentiated from other microorganisms for their enzymatic applications, particularly in detergent production. Recent developments in bio-surfactant production by Bacillus sp. support the adoption of green detergents, and these bacterial biosurfactants are a promising source for detergent manufacturing. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of promising Bacillus species and their potential to advance and accelerate the production of bio-based detergents.
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Shah, Raj, Richard Ashby, and Amanda Loo. "Performance enhancements in select industrial applications using surfactants, surfactant additives, and thermostable enzymes." INFORM International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 32, no. 10 (2021): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.11.2021.18.
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Household detergents have undergone many formulation updates to improve the cleaning power of surfactants and to adapt formulations to specific applications. This paper focuses on more recent developments in the use of surfactants for household as well as industrial use. Specific examples include the use of enzymes derived from moderately thermophilic bacteria as laundry detergent additives, the use of surfactants and surfactant additives in the manufacture of warm mix asphalt, and the use of foaming agents in chemical enhanced oil recovery.
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Jensen, G. "Neuere Entwicklungen bei Waschmittelenzymen / New Developments within Detergent Enzymes." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 27, no. 1 (1990): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1990-270112.
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Baker, Mariah R., Guizhen Fan, and Irina I. Serysheva. "Single-particle cryo-EM of the ryanodine receptor channel." European Journal of Translational Myology 25, no. 1 (2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2015.4803.
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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated Ca2+ release channels that are responsible for the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leading to muscle contraction. Our current understanding of RyR channel gating and regulation is greatly limited due to the lack of a high-resolution structure of the channel protein. The enormous size and unwieldy shape of Ca2+ release channels make X-ray or NMR methods difficult to apply for high-resolution structural analysis of the full-length functional channel. Single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is one of the only effective techniques for the study of such a large integral membrane protein and its molecular interactions. Despite recent developments in cryo-EM technologies and break-through single-particle cryo-EM studies of ion channels, cryospecimen preparation, particularly the presence of detergent in the buffer, remains the main impediment to obtaining atomic-resolution structures of ion channels and a multitude of other integral membrane protein complexes. In this review we will discuss properties of several detergents that have been successfully utilized in cryo-EM studies of ion channels and the emergence of the detergent alternative amphipol to stabilize ion channels for structure-function characterization. Future structural studies of challenging specimen like ion channels are likely to be facilitated by cryo-EM amenable detergents or alternative surfactants.
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Sarlo, Katherine, and Donald B. Kirchner. "Occupational asthma and allergy in the detergent industry: new developments." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2, no. 2 (2002): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200204000-00003.
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Mutushev, A. Zh, D. K. Mukhanov, A. M. Nuraly, and Ye Zh Rysbayeva. "Synthesis and production of new sanitary and hygienic products modified with nanocomposites." Novosti nauki Kazahstana, no. 2 (June 15, 2024): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53939/1560-5655_2024_2_42.
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The problem of maintaining high quality of manufactured products is crucial. A key factor in the food quality assurance system is industrial sanitation. In this regard, widely used drugs are detergents, but it is necessary to modify existing developments taking into account the concept of greening food production and safety in relation to humans. In addition, the problem is solved by selecting optimal conditions for cleaning process equipment using detergent compositions. To solve this problem, we propose adding additives to detergents that fix toxins and prevent their penetration. Also, to reduce the harmful effects of toxins, licorice root extract will be introduced into detergents as an antidote. The fixing additive is an innovative product – a nanostructured carbon-silicon composite with high sorption capacity. According to available data, the immobilization of biological products on carbonsilicon containing composites is carried out either by adsorption or chemical bonding. The retention of the adsorbed molecule occurs due to the van der Waals bond.
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HUHTANEN, P., J. NOUSIAINEN, and M. RINNE. "Recent developments in forage evaluation with special reference to practical applications." Agricultural and Food Science 15, no. 3 (2008): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960606779216317.
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The present re-evaluation of a dataset of systematically collected laboratory analyses and in vivo digestibility information for several types of silages gives convincing evidence of the biological weaknesses of feed characterisation based on the proximate feed analysis. The problems include intrinsic failures of the analysis in describing cause-response relationships between forage composition and digestibility, and heavy dependency of the equations on forage specific and environmental factors. It is concluded that proximate analysis is not suitable for characterisation of neither forages nor concentrate feedstuffs. In vitro pepsin-cellulase solubility of organic matter (OMS) and concentration of indigestible neutral detergent fibre (iNDF) predicted forage organic matter digestibility (OMD) with an acceptable accuracy for practical feed evaluation purposes provided that forage type dependent correction equations were employed. The revised detergent system dividing forage dry matter (DM) into almost completely available neutral detergent solubles (NDS), and insoluble residue (neutral detergent fibre, NDF) shows potential for future development. The combined use of long-term in situ ruminal incubation and NDF fractionation can be used to divide forage DM into three biologically meaningful fractions: NDS, iNDF and potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF). The summative models can then be used to predict forage D-value, i.e. apparently digestible organic matter in forage (g kg-1 DM). The models sum digestible NDS, which can be determined by Lucas equation, and digestible NDF (dNDF), which is the amount of pdNDF that is actually digested during any specific fermentation or retention time. Forage type specific summative models were as good as regression equations based on OMS or iNDF in predicting forage D-value and general summative models gave better results than general equations based on iNDF and especially OMS. If the goal is to reduce prediction error of D-value below 15 g kg-1 DM, forage type specific prediction equations should be used regardless of whether they are based on OMS, iNDF or summative models. Another option in the future may be dynamic models, which can incorporate simultaneously the two important dynamic processes constraining feed digestion in ruminants: the rates of NDF passage and degradation (kd). However, a vital prerequisite to employ dynamic models in practical feed evaluation is that iNDF and kd can be easily and reliably determined from on-farm forages. Although a NIRS prediction equation for iNDF will be adopted in practical use in the near future in Finland, the methodology for estimating kd warrants further research.;
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SUGINAKA, Shigeyuki. "Detergent Sanitizers as Tools of Harmful Microbe Measures in Food Factories, and Their Developments." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 108, no. 3 (2013): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan.108.141.
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Tasmin, Rumana, Meherunnesa Rifa, Shamima Nasrin Zarin, Mubarak Hossain, and Md Abdur Rahim. "Acute Toxicity of Two Detergents on the Juvenile Climbing Perch (Anabas Testudineus) And Stinging Catfish (Heteropneustes Fossilis)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 51, no. 1 (2023): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v51i1.68659.
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The two commercial household synthetic detergents were used to investigate the mortality and behavioural changes of juvenile Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis). Average weight 2.83 ± 0.10 g and 3.93 ± 0.09g for A. testudineus and average length 3.85 ± 0.12cm and 4.33 ± 0.09cm were recorded for H. fossilis respectively. Acute toxicity tests were determined according to OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines for 72 hours exposure. Lethal Concentrations (LC10, LC50 and LC95) of both of the test materials were ascertained using probit analysis software (SPSS version 25) at 95% confidence limit. The LC50 values of detergent 1 were 120.4, 87.3, 59.7 mg/L for A. testudineus and 55.5, 31.6 and 24.5 mg/L for H. fossilis at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. On the other hand, LC50 values of detergent 2 were 173.3, 90.2, 54.2 mg/L for A. testudineus and 44.8, 31.7, 22.0 mg/L for H. fossilis at 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. Toxicity was significantly increased along with exposure period for both fishes under two aquas conditions. H. fossilis was more susceptible than A. testudineus for both detergents. Comparative toxicity studies showed that detergent two was more effective than detergent one (detergent 2 ≥ detergent1). Physical changes such as discoloration in body and gill, damaged fin were also observed after 72h exposure of the both detergents. Behavioural responses in treated group were erratic swimming, restlessness, aggression, hyperactivity, more frequent movements at the bottom. Thus, adverse eco-toxicological impacts of synthetic detergents on fish mortality, behavioural pattern are suspected and suggested more elaborate research on physiological aspects for better understand the environmental impact in future. Bangladesh J. Zool. 51(1): 87-98, 2023
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Givens, D. I. "Recent developments in predicting the nutritive value grass silage for ruminants." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034802.
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Nutritive value 1n the context of this paper refers to metabolisable energy (ME) content. Silage composition and hence ME content 1s determined essentially by the composition of the ensiled crop, pre-ensiling treatments such as wilting or additive use and the conditions within the silo. Consequently the ME content of silage 1s very variable and means of predicting it are required for routine purposes.Until 1985 the prediction of ME was based on a series of digestibility trials carried out on MAFF EHFs between 1967 and 1972. A relationship between DOMD content and modified add detergent fibre (MADF) content (Clancey and Wilson, 1966) was calculated and the assumption that ME: (MJ/kg DM)= DOMD (%) X 0.16 was made. This did not take account of the energy contribution from volatile components.
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Esmaili, Mansoore, Mohamed A. Eldeeb, and Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi. "Current Developments in Native Nanometric Discoidal Membrane Bilayer Formed by Amphipathic Polymers." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (2021): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071771.
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Unlike cytosolic proteins, membrane proteins (MPs) are embedded within the plasma membrane and the lipid bilayer of intracellular organelles. MPs serve in various cellular processes and account for over 65% of the current drug targets. The development of membrane mimetic systems such as bicelles, short synthetic polymers or amphipols, and membrane scaffold proteins (MSP)-based nanodiscs has facilitated the accommodation of synthetic lipids to stabilize MPs, yet the preparation of these membrane mimetics remains detergent-dependent. Bio-inspired synthetic polymers present an invaluable tool for excision and liberation of superstructures of MPs and their surrounding annular lipid bilayer in the nanometric discoidal assemblies. In this article, we discuss the significance of self-assembling process in design of biomimetic systems, review development of multiple series of amphipathic polymers and the significance of these polymeric “belts” in biomedical research in particular in unraveling the structures, dynamics and functions of several high-value membrane protein targets.
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Fidela, Anissa Vivia, Dandi Ilham, Haris Haris, Ruzita Sumiati, Yuliarman Yuliarman, and Yuli Yetri. "Perancangan Mesin Pencuci Karpet Menggunakan Tabung Cairan Deterjen." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 15, no. 1 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.15.1.798.
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Carpet washer is a machine that is used to help complete work in the laundry industry. By using this carpet cleaning machine, cleaning carpets is fast and easy. The purpose of designing this carpet washing machine is a form of innovation and creativity based on technological developments. This machine is made with an additional tube of liquid detergent to make work easier and increase efficiency. The initial method of designing this carpet washing machine is to collect data. Next is the calculation and design. The results of the design of this carpet washing machine obtained a motor power of 1.5 HP and a rotation of 1400 rpm, with a height of 1020 mm, a length of 745 mm and a width of 345 mm using a type-A belt transmission, pulleys with a diameter of 2” and 6”, a shaft diameter of 19 mm, the type of bearing used is UCF F212 type, has a cleaning brush and uses a liquid detergent tube. The design of this carpet washing machine has been made based on the correct design and calculation and can be continued for production.
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Niyonzima, Francois N., Mater H. Mahnashi, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, et al. "Detergent-Compatible Amylases Produced by Fungal Species and Their Applications in Detergent Industry." Science of Advanced Materials 15, no. 5 (2023): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4476.
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Detergent enzymes are currently vital and important ingredients of modern powder and liquid detergents. They catalyze various biochemical processes intra-or extracellularly in the detergent industries. Microorganisms are the favored source of detergent compatible fungal amylases compared to plant or animal sources. Detergents cannot be produced in the developed countries without a mixture of detergent enzymes supplementation because they are essential components in the detergent industries. In countries under development, various produced detergents do not have enzymes. Amylases, proteases, pectinases, lipases, mannanases, and cellulases are generally the hydrolytic enzymes used in the detergent industries. They remove all soft, tough and stubborn starchy food, protein, pectin, fatty, mannane and cellulose-based stains attached to the various substrates like fabrics or glassware. A number of review articles on detergent-compatible bacterial and fungal enzymes exists, but none specifically covers detergent-compatible fungal amylases. In the present review, production and aspects of detergent fungal amylases are discussed with an emphasis on the stability of fungal amylases in the presence of detergent constituents. The article will help other worldwide research to study the properties of detergent pectinases and mannanases which are not extensively studied.
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Anobom, Cristiane D., Anderson S. Pinheiro, Rafael A. De-Andrade, et al. "From Structure to Catalysis: Recent Developments in the Biotechnological Applications of Lipases." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/684506.
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Microbial lipases are highly appreciated as biocatalysts due to their peculiar characteristics such as the ability to utilize a wide range of substrates, high activity and stability in organic solvents, and regio- and/or enantioselectivity. These enzymes are currently being applied in a variety of biotechnological processes, including detergent preparation, cosmetics and paper production, food processing, biodiesel and biopolymer synthesis, and the biocatalytic resolution of pharmaceutical derivatives, esters, and amino acids. However, in certain segments of industry, the use of lipases is still limited by their high cost. Thus, there is a great interest in obtaining low-cost, highly active, and stable lipases that can be applied in several different industrial branches. Currently, the design of specific enzymes for each type of process has been used as an important tool to address the limitations of natural enzymes. Nowadays, it is possible to “order” a “customized” enzyme that has ideal properties for the development of the desired bioprocess. This review aims to compile recent advances in the biotechnological application of lipases focusing on various methods of enzyme improvement, such as protein engineering (directed evolution and rational design), as well as the use of structural data for rational modification of lipases in order to create higher active and selective biocatalysts.
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Slyva, Yuliia, and Oleksiy Verenikin. "DEVELOPMENT OF DETERGENT RECIPE WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS." Environmental Problems 5, no. 4 (2020): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2020.04.223.
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The research on the development of an innovative formula of a synthetic detergent with improved environmental properties, which meet the environmental standard of SOU OEM 08.002.12.065:2016 "Detergents and cleaning products. Environmental criteria for life cycle assessment" is carried out. The accumulated theoretical and practical experience is generalized, the general scheme of designing and development of new goods taking into account features of detergents with the improved ecological characteristics is created.
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Karmanova, Svetlana, Sergey Melnikov, Alexey Shiryaev, and Anton Nurtdinov. "DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT WASHING TECHNOLOGY OF PARTS, MEETING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DUE TO THE APPLICATION OF WATER-BASED WASHING SOLUTIONS." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 64 (2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.64.01.
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In the manufacture of parts, surfaces are contaminated due to the peculiarities of the technology. Safe cleaning of these surfaces is an urgent problem. The article discusses non-refractory solutions for cleaning parts. The methodology for carrying out research on cleaning pollution is presented. The following contaminants were chosen: preservation oil K-17, Mobil 423 oil, SOZh-073, Vacuquench B244 quenching oil, Polishing paste, MPK emulsion. The quality of cleaning the contaminants was tested for the following detergents: Ardrox 6378 A, Ardrox 6333, Ardrox 6486. Detergent Ardrox 6378A washes away all investigated contaminants from the surface of the samples, except for conservation oil. Ardrox 6333 B detergent does not wash stubborn contaminants – K-17 conservation oil and polishing paste. The Ardrox 6486 detergent composition does not wash all investigated contaminants except the IPC emulsion. Of the Ardrox brand detergents, Ardrox 6378A is the most effective. Studies have been conducted to determine the optimal contaminant cleaning regime for the most effective detergent composition – Ardrox 6378A. The study showed that at a concentration of this composition of 15 % and a temperature of 65 °C, the surface is washed from all contaminants.
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Naghieva, E. A. "The history of formation and development of additives to lubricants." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 6-7 (July 15, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2021-6-7-43-48.
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The technological development led to the substitution of vegetable and animal oils for the mineral ones. With further development of engine manufacturing, the requirements to the quality of lubricants increased. It was revealed that the mineral oils, as though they are cleaned, do not satisfy the requirements. In this regard, the new method for the improvement of the quality of lubricants is the addition of organic compounds with various functional groups providing the lubricants with set properties into so-called “additives”. In 1945 on the offer of academician U. Mammadaliev a laboratory of the lubricants and additives had been established and leaded by academician A.M. Kuliev under AzNIINP named after V.V. Kuybyshev. Fundamental studies of this staff were considered a basis for the development of industrial production of efficient additives in the former Soviet Union. First developments of the staff related to the depressor and detergent, afterwards to the multi-functional additives. Based on carried out surveys by the laboratory staff the first local additives – depressors AzNII, AzNII-4, AzNII-5, AzNII-TSIATIM etc. have been developed in Azerbaijan. The success of the staff in the studies and developments, as well as the presence of qualified specialists in the chemistry of additives promoted the establishment of the single in our country profiled Institute for the chemistry of additives of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR under the leadership of A.M. Kuliev in 1965. The diapason of fundamental works, enabling to develop the scientific basis of synthesis of efficient additives of optimum structure has been dramatically increased. Numerous efficient additives of various purpose have been obtained. The lubricants are being used in all spheres of the economy.
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Ertawan Juliadi, Umi Salamah, Moestin Moestin, and Rimbun Natalael. "Pembuatan Eco Enzyme sebagai Upaya Pengolahan Sampah Organik Menjadi Detergent yang Berguna Bagi Masyarakat." Jurnal Naval Dedication : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat AAL 1, no. 1 (2025): 43–58. https://doi.org/10.59447/dedication.v1i1.38.
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Eco enzyme is a fermentation liquid from organic waste, namely fruit or vegetable peels, which are stamped with brown sugar or molasses and water. The ratio between brown sugar or molasses, organic matter (BO), and water is 1:3:10. There are many benefits of eco enzymes, from the results of research and testimonials of eco enzyme users in the field. The benefits of eco enzymes include soil fertilization, water purification, for disinfectants, hand soap, and detergents, to nourish hair, floor cleaners, healers for injuries, and so on. The implementation of this community service activity was carried out 2 times, namely: 1) Tuesday, July 19, 2022, with socialization material and the practice of making eco enzymes. 2) Thursday, November 10, 2022, with socialization material and practice of making Eco Enzyme Detergent. The results of the development of one of the benefits of eco enzymes are Eco Enzyme Detergents, which are followed up with research related to the quality test results of EE Detergent washing results, SEE Detergents, and Chemical Detergents. Development of community service activities related to eco enzymes to advanced eco enzyme products will continue to be developed and researched, to provide optimal benefits to the community.
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Salamah, Umi, Kustianing Sekar, and Ari Tri. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Bar Natural Eco Enzyme sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Kulit dengan Bahan Alami." Jurnal Naval Dedication : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat AAL 3, no. 1 (2024): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.59447/dedication.v3i1.47.
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Eco enzyme is a fermentation liquid from organic waste, namely fruit or vegetable peels stamped with brown sugar or molasses and water. The ratio between brown sugar or molasses, organic matter (BO), and water is 1:3:10. There are many benefits of eco enzymes, from the results of research and testimonials of eco enzyme users in the field. The benefits of eco enzymes include soil fertilization, water purification, for disinfectants, hand soap, and detergents, to nourish hair, floor cleaners, healers for injuries, and so on. The implementation of this community service activity was carried out 2 times, namely: 1) Tuesday, July 19, 2022, with socialization material and the practice of making eco enzymes. 2) Thursday, November 10, 2022, with socialization material and practice of making Eco Enzyme Detergent. The results of the development of one of the benefits of eco enzymes are Eco Enzyme Detergents, which are followed up with research related to the quality test results of EE Detergent washing results, SEE Detergents, and Chemical Detergents. Development of community service activities related to eco enzymes to advanced eco enzyme products will continue to be developed and researched, to provide optimal benefits to the community.
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Sarasua Miranda, Jon Ander, Leire Ruiz Rubio, Ander Trinidad Cristobal, et al. "Ultrasound and Eco-Detergents for Sustainable Cleaning." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072082.
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Green chemistry faces a major challenge imposed by the Sustainable Development Goals (6, 14 and 15) defined in the 2030 Agenda. In the case of cleaning products (detergents), the challenges often become a paradox: even if it is biodegradable, no surfactant is harmless to aquatic life. Compared to other studies in the field, this paper covers ultrasound–detergent interactions beyond the cavitation removal process. It also considers synergistic effects with regard to the initial wetting phase and final rinsing. It concludes that the best detergent–ultrasound combination is that which minimises receding and critical sliding angles. At the same time, detergent concentration should be reduced so as to just to capture grease in micelles and avoid reattachment during rinsing. In combination with ultrasound, the concentration of eco-detergents can thus be reduced by up to 10% of their nominal value while attaining the same results.
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Gumińska, Z., and T. Nowak. "Wpływ detergentów, humianu i ściółek na plonowanie goździków w uprawie hydroponicznej [Influence of detergents humate and seedbed materials on yield of carnations in hydroponic culture]." Acta Agrobotanica 28, no. 2 (2015): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1975.015.
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Addition of the detergent (DBSS + ASS) either .single or every eight weeks to the nutrient solution stimulates carnation development. Detergent addition every fourth week caused decreasing of flower diameter. The addition of humates to the nutrient solution did not interact significantly with detergents. Among three material combinations used in the seedbed: peat with coke-slag, peat with brown coal and sponge with coke-slag – the first proved the best.
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Konijnenberg, Albert, Jeroen F. van Dyck, Lyn L. Kailing, and Frank Sobott. "Extending native mass spectrometry approaches to integral membrane proteins." Biological Chemistry 396, no. 9-10 (2015): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0136.
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Abstract Recent developments in native mass spectrometry and ion mobility have made it possible to analyze the composition and structure of membrane protein complexes in the gas-phase. In this short review we discuss the experimental strategies that allow to elucidate aspects of the dynamic structure of these important drug targets, such as the structural effects of lipid binding or detection of co-populated conformational and assembly states during gating on an ion channel. As native mass spectrometry relies on nano-electrospray of natively reconstituted proteins, a number of commonly used lipid- and detergent-based reconstitution systems have been evaluated for their compatibility with this approach, and parameters for the release of intact, native-like folded membrane proteins studied in the gas-phase. The strategy thus developed can be employed for the investigation of the subunit composition and stoichiometry, oligomeric state, conformational changes, and lipid and drug binding of integral membrane proteins.
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Holichenkov, A. M., Yu S. Domaratska, L. Yu Hryhorenko, S. V. Stepanchuk, V. I. Liashenko, and Z. Yu Maistrenko. "Study of the sensitizing effect of detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children." Environment & Health, no. 1 (98) (February 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2021.01.060.
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Objective: We evaluated the sensitizing effect of various detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in guinea pigs. The sensitization of the animal’s organism was studied in the reaction of degranulation of peripheral blood basophils (after Shelley). Forthestudy, we selected 10% solutions of domestic and foreign products for washing children's dishes ("Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushastyi Nian", "Frosch Baby") purchased in the supermarkets of Kyiv. Results: In 21 days, the performed study made it possible to establish the development of sensitization of the organism of the animals in the experimental groups exposed to the solutions of the detergents "Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushasty Nian” for washing children's dishes, although the degree of its manifestation was different. The solution of the detergent "Ushastyi Nian" was shown to possess more pronounced sensitizing properties, as evidenced by the development of weak positive autosensitization and positive sensitization of the organism of the experimental animals. The impact of the detergents for cleaning children's products "Alionka" and "Karapuz"on the animals’ organism leads to the development of mild sensitization, and when using the solution of "Alionka" detergent, a development of the weakly expressed autosensitization of the organism is also observed in the animals. There was no increase in the degranulation of basophilic granulocytes in the presence of both tissue antigen and hapten in the group of animals where the solution of detergent "Frosh Baby" was used, which indicated the absence of auto- and sensitization of the organism of the animals of this group.
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Matveichuk, Yu V. "Development of chlorine-containing detergent and disinfectants based on ampholyte surfactant alkyldimethylamine oxide." Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 21 (October 30, 2023): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2023-21-82-88.
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Purpose. Compare the stability of sodium hypochlorite (according to the loss of active chlorine) in the presence of an ampholytic surfactant – alkyldimethylamine oxide (amine oxide) from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods. Determination of the mass fraction of active chlorine in the manufactured samples of detergents and disinfectants was carried out by the method of iodometric titration. Results. Three samples of a hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant using amine oxide from various manufacturers were studied: Aromox 14D-W970 (Nouryon company), Ammonyx LO (Stepan company), alkyl dimethylamine oxide (Monastyrikha Chemical Plant LLC). The initial content of active chlorine in all samples was 1.8% wt. The period of observation of the samples was 14 months. Hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant based on amine oxide produced by Monastyrikha Chemical Plant LLC can have a shelf life of not more than 6 months, based on Aromox 14D-W970 – 12 months, based on Ammonyx LO – 8 months. Conclusion. Thus, the stability of sodium hypochlorite (according to the loss of active chlorine) in the composition of detergents and disinfectants, which includes an ampholytic surfactant - amine oxide from various manufacturers, was studied. Taking into account the above factors, a hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant can be manufactured in two versions: the first is a cheaper product with a 6-month shelf life based on alkyl dimethylamine oxide LLC Monastyrikha Chemical Plant, the second is a product with a 12-month shelf life based on Aromox 14D-W970.
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Kholod, Marina, Nikita Mokrenko, Alberto Celani, and Valentina Puglisi. "Choice Modeling of Laundry Detergent Data for Sustainable Consumption." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (2023): 16949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416949.
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Consumer choice modeling takes center stage as we delve into understanding how personal preferences of decision makers (customers) for products influence demand at the level of the individual. The contemporary choice theory is built upon the characteristics of the decision maker, alternatives available for the choice of the decision maker, the attributes of the available alternatives and decision rules that the decision maker uses to make a choice. The choice set in our research is represented by six major brands (products) of laundry detergents in the Japanese market. We use the panel data of the purchases of 98 households to which we apply the hierarchical probit model, facilitated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) in order to evaluate the brand values of six brands. The applied model also allows us to evaluate the tangible and intangible brand values. These evaluated metrics help us to assess the brands based on their tangible and intangible characteristics. Moreover, consumer choice modeling also provides a framework for assessing the environmental performance of laundry detergent brands as the model uses the information on components (physical attributes) of laundry detergents. Through a comprehensive evaluation of product performance, including brand tangible estimation, we shed light on the sustainability attributes of laundry detergents, offering a roadmap for consumers and manufacturers alike to make more informed, environmentally responsible choices of laundry detergents based on their physical attributes. Knowing the estimates of the attributes for the laundry detergent products, manufacturers can modify their physical attributes, e.g., decrease the amount of the detergent needed for one wash while increasing the total weight of the laundry powder in the package. In this way, more ecology- and consumer-friendly decisions can be made by manufacturers of laundry detergents.
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Prof., Ashok Athalye. "Cationic Surfactants in Textile Processing." Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Engineering (IJFTE) 5, no. 1 (2025): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijfte.A2419.05010325.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Textile wet processing involves essential steps such as pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing to improve the quality and functionality of textile materials. Surfactants, with their amphiphilic nature, play a pivotal role in these processes. This review highlights cationic surfactants' unique properties and wide-ranging applications in textile wet processing. It examines their types, mechanisms of action, and specific uses in enhancing fiber performance. Additionally, the discussion includes their advantages, limitations, and recent technological advancements, offering insights into how these compounds contribute to improved process efficiency and product quality. The environmental implications of cationic surfactants are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and ecofriendly innovations in the textile industry. Cationic surfactants impart functionalities such as antimicrobial properties, moisture management, and self-cleaning capabilities. Structural correlation in terms of the function and the application performance of the quaternary ammonium compound-based products is elucidated. The economic implications of cationic surfactant usage in textile processing are significant. The economic implication can be derived based on the benefits of the efficient application, which can lead to reduced processing times, lower energy consumption, and improved product quality, all of which contribute to cost-effective manufacturing. Finally, the review explores future trends and potential research directions to balance industrial utility with environmental responsibility.
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Prof., Ashok Athalye. "Cationic Surfactants in Textile Processing." Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Engineering (IJFTE) 5, no. 1 (2025): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijfte.A2419.05010525.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract:</strong> Textile wet processing involves essential steps such as pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing to improve the quality and functionality of textile materials. Surfactants, with their amphiphilic nature, play a pivotal role in these processes. This review highlights cationic surfactants' unique properties and wide-ranging applications in textile wet processing. It examines their types, mechanisms of action, and specific uses in enhancing fiber performance. Additionally, the discussion includes their advantages, limitations, and recent technological advancements, offering insights into how these compounds contribute to improved process efficiency and product quality. The environmental implications of cationic surfactants are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and ecofriendly innovations in the textile industry. Cationic surfactants impart functionalities such as antimicrobial properties, moisture management, and self-cleaning capabilities. Structural correlation in terms of the function and the application performance of the quaternary ammonium compound-based products is elucidated. The economic implications of cationic surfactant usage in textile processing are significant. The economic implication can be derived based on the benefits of the efficient application, which can lead to reduced processing times, lower energy consumption, and improved product quality, all of which contribute to cost-effective manufacturing. Finally, the review explores future trends and potential research directions to balance industrial utility with environmental responsibility.
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Krüssmann, H., H. G. Hloch, J. Bohnen, and G. Knofe. "Gewerbliche Textilreinigung - Stand der Technik und Entwicklungen, Forderungen an die Reinigungschemie / Industrial Laundering - State of the Art and Developments, Challenges for the Detergent Chemistry." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 28, no. 6 (1991): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1991-280628.
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Thoma, Johannes, and Björn M. Burmann. "Fake It ‘Till You Make It—The Pursuit of Suitable Membrane Mimetics for Membrane Protein Biophysics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010050.
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Membrane proteins evolved to reside in the hydrophobic lipid bilayers of cellular membranes. Therefore, membrane proteins bridge the different aqueous compartments separated by the membrane, and furthermore, dynamically interact with their surrounding lipid environment. The latter not only stabilizes membrane proteins, but directly impacts their folding, structure and function. In order to be characterized with biophysical and structural biological methods, membrane proteins are typically extracted and subsequently purified from their native lipid environment. This approach requires that lipid membranes are replaced by suitable surrogates, which ideally closely mimic the native bilayer, in order to maintain the membrane proteins structural and functional integrity. In this review, we survey the currently available membrane mimetic environments ranging from detergent micelles to bicelles, nanodiscs, lipidic-cubic phase (LCP), liposomes, and polymersomes. We discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages as well as their suitability for downstream biophysical and structural characterization. Finally, we take a look at ongoing methodological developments, which aim for direct in-situ characterization of membrane proteins within native membranes instead of relying on membrane mimetics.
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Hemalatha.V, Kalyani.P Chandana Vineela.K Hemalatha.K.P.J*. "METHODS, APPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES-A MINI REVIEW." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 11 (2016): 523–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.168439.
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Reports on chemical immobilization of proteins and enzymes first appeared in the 1960s. Since then, immobilized proteins and enzymes have been widely used in the processing of variety of products and increasingly used in the field of medicine. Here, we present a review of recent developments in immobilized enzyme use in medicine. Immobilized enzymes are widely used for variety of applications. Based on the type of application, the method of immobilization and support material can be selected. The immobilized enzymes can be separated from the reaction mixture and reused and also immobilized in order to prevent the enzyme from being exposed to harsh conditions, high temperature, surfactants, and oxidizing agents etc. the immobilized enzymes are also widely used in food industry, pharmaceutical industry, bioremediation, detergent industry, textile industry, etc. Enzyme immobilization improves the operational stability and is also due to the increased enzyme loading which causes the controlled diffusion. Several hundreds of enzymes are immobilized and used for various large scale industries. Immobilization technique reduces the effluent treatment costs and this paper reviews the methods and applications of immobilized enzymes.
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Matveichuk, Yu V., Yu V. Shabeka, and D. V. Stanishevskii. "Development of the methods for determination of the active components in acidic and alkaline detergents." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 2 (2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-2-72-78.
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The goal of the study is to develop methods for determination of the active components in acidic and alkaline detergents of complex composition. The objects of analysis are acidic (KATELON 202 – 208) and alkaline (KATELON 111 – 115) detergents of complex composition, which, in addition to easily detectable components (KOH and/or NaOH, HNO3, and H3PO4), contain weak organic acids (lactic, glycolic, acetic), including polybasic acids — aminotrimethylenephosphonic and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic) acids or salts — tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid N,N-diacetate, trisodium salt of methylglycine diacetic acid. An acid-base potentiometric titration was carried out for each of the listed objects and calculation formulas were derived to determine the concentration of the active substances (except for KATELON 115) in terms of nitric or phosphoric acid for acidic detergents or sodium or potassium hydroxide for alkaline detergents, respectively. A specific titration procedure (with indication of the sample weight, the pH value at the end of titration and corresponding calculation formula) is given in the application data sheet for each detergent along with the metrological characteristics of the methods.
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Robinson, Carol V. "Mass spectrometry: From plasma proteins to mitochondrial membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 8 (2019): 2814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820450116.
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In this Inaugural Article, I trace some key steps that have enabled the development of mass spectrometry for the study of intact protein complexes from a variety of cellular environments. Beginning with the preservation of the first soluble complexes from plasma, I describe our early experiments that capitalize on the heterogeneity of subunit composition during assembly and exchange reactions. During these investigations, we observed many assemblies and intermediates with different subunit stoichiometries, and were keen to ascertain whether or not their overall topology was preserved in the mass spectrometer. Adapting ion mobility and soft-landing methodologies, we showed how ring-shaped complexes could survive the phase transition. The next logical progression from soluble complexes was to membrane protein assemblies but this was not straightforward. We encountered many pitfalls along the way, largely due to the use of detergent micelles to protect and stabilize complexes. Further obstacles presented when we attempted to distinguish lipids that copurify from those that are important for function. Developing new experimental protocols, we have subsequently defined lipids that change protein conformation, mediate oligomeric states, and facilitate downstream coupling of G protein-coupled receptors. Very recently, using a radical method—ejecting protein complexes directly from native membranes into mass spectrometers—we provided insights into associations within membranes and mitochondria. Together, these developments suggest the beginnings of mass spectrometry meeting with cell biology.
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Patrick, S. T. "The per capita output of phosphorus from domestic detergents in Ireland 1950-1982." Irish Geography 20, no. 2 (2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1987.697.
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Domestic sewage is a major source of phosphorus (P) to many Irish lakes. Domestic detergents comprise a significant source of P in such sewage. The change in the potential output of P from domestic detergents in Ireland between 1950–1982 is assessed in per capita terms. Per capita output in Northern Ireland levelled off at around 1.6 g person1 day1 from 1977. In the Republic output continued to rise (from a lower base! through 1982. The steady increase in P output from domestic detergents during this period facilitated an unequivocal increase in total domestic P output. In recent years the P content of detergents has declined. It is presumed that this source is now a less significant component of P loadings on lakes. Data derived during this study are considered a more suitable assessment of domestic detergent P output in Ireland than most published ‘assumptions’.
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Kabir, Fatima Mohammad, A. U. Uduma, and Maria B. Uduma. "An Overview of the Chemistry and Utilization of Detergents, both Soap and Non-Soap." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 1, no. 2 (2024): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2024.v1i2.62.
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This analysis explores the fundamental contrasts between detergent soaps and non-soap detergents, concentrating on their chemical makeup, cleaning methods, environmental impact, and applicability for diverse uses. Traditional soaps are made from natural fats and oils, which results in a biodegradable cleaning agent. Non-soap detergents, on the other hand, are made synthetically and frequently have better cleaning capabilities, but their limited biodegradability may cause environmental issues. In order to determine the best option depending on particular cleaning requirements, this study examines the trade-offs between these two cleaning chemicals, taking into account variables including water hardness, skin sensitivity, and sustainability consequences. According to this overview, the dynamic development, formulation, and use of soaps and soapless detergents are primarily driven by chemistry and chemical principles. The aim of this study therefore, is to conduct extensive survey on the chemistry and utilization of detergents, both soap and non-soap.
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Ohlenschlaeger, J., J. Friberg, D. Ramsing, and T. Agner. "Temperature dependency of skin susceptibility to water and detergents." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 76, no. 4 (1996): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555576274276.
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Exposure to water and detergents is an important factor for development of irritant contact dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of temperature on the damaging effects of water and detergents on the skin. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the study. Ten participants had right and left forearms immersed into a detergent (soap) solution for 2 days twice daily for 10 min. Another 10 participants had both forearms immersed into sterile water. Right and left forearms were randomized to immersion into 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C solutions, respectively. Reactions were evaluated clinically, and by measurement of transepidermal water loss, electrical capacitance and erythema. Immersions into 40 degrees C sodium lauryl sulphate solution caused significantly increased transepidermal water loss as compared to immersion into 20 degrees C sodium lauryl sulphate solution. Electrical capacitance and erythema were not significantly influenced by temperature. Immersion into water caused no significant changes in any observed parameter. Water temperature influences the irritant capacity of a detergent. Change of temperature may be a simple but important means for prevention of irritant contact dermatitis.
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Cayrou, Caroline, Katie Silver, Lucy Owen, Jake Dunlop, and Katie Laird. "Domestic laundering of healthcare textiles: Disinfection efficacy and risks of antibiotic resistance transmission." PLOS ONE 20, no. 4 (2025): e0321467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321467.
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Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are a major public health concern, with the evidence base for the potential role of textiles as fomites in microbial transmission growing. In the UK, domestic laundering machines (DLMs) are commonly used to clean healthcare worker uniforms, raising concerns about their effectiveness in microbial decontamination and role in AMR development. This study aimed to evaluate DLMs’ ability to decontaminate microorganisms and their potential impact on AMR. The performance of six DLMs was assessed using Enterococcus faecium bioindicators under various wash cycles and detergent conditions. Shotgun metagenomics was used to analyse the microbiome and resistome of DLMs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of domestic detergents were determined for Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and detergent tolerance and antibiotic cross-resistance were assessed. Results showed only 50% (3/6) of DLMs achieved sufficient decontamination (≥5 log10 CFU reduction) at 60°C during full-length cycles, with rapid cycles performing inconsistently. Microbiome analysis revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium sp. Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp.) and antibiotic resistance genes, including efflux pumps and target modification genes. Detergent tolerance assays showed increased bacterial tolerance to detergents, with cross-resistance to antibiotics observed in S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, including carbapenem and β-lactam groups. Whole genome sequencing identified mutations in genes encoding efflux pumps in S. aureus (MrgA) and K. pneumoniae (AcrB) after detergent exposure, which could impact efflux pump function. Findings suggest domestic laundering of healthcare uniforms may be insufficient for decontamination, posing risks for HAI transmission and AMR. Revising laundering guidelines to ensure effective DLM performance, detergent efficacy, and considering alternatives like onsite/industrial laundering are crucial to enhancing patient safety and controlling AMR in healthcare settings.
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Guo, Youzhong. "Detergent-free systems for structural studies of membrane proteins." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 1361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20201080.
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Membrane proteins play vital roles in living organisms, serving as targets for most currently prescribed drugs. Membrane protein structural biology aims to provide accurate structural information to understand their mechanisms of action. The advance of membrane protein structural biology has primarily relied on detergent-based methods over the past several decades. However, detergent-based approaches have significant drawbacks because detergents often damage the native protein–lipid interactions, which are often crucial for maintaining the natural structure and function of membrane proteins. Detergent-free methods recently have emerged as alternatives with a great promise, e.g. for high-resolution structure determinations of membrane proteins in their native cell membrane lipid environments. This minireview critically examines the current status of detergent-free methods by a comparative analysis of five groups of membrane protein structures determined using detergent-free and detergent-based methods. This analysis reveals that current detergent-free systems, such as the styrene-maleic acid lipid particles (SMALP), the diisobutyl maleic acid lipid particles (DIBMALP), and the cycloalkane-modified amphiphile polymer (CyclAPol) technologies are not better than detergent-based approaches in terms of maintenance of native cell membrane lipids on the transmembrane domain and high-resolution structure determination. However, another detergent-free technology, the native cell membrane nanoparticles (NCMN) system, demonstrated improved maintenance of native cell membrane lipids with the studied membrane proteins, and produced particles that were suitable for high-resolution structural analysis. The ongoing development of new membrane-active polymers and their optimization will facilitate the maturation of these new detergent-free systems.
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Zhou, Kaiyu, Vincent Maugard, Wenming Zhang, Joe Zhou, and Xuehua Zhang. "Effects of Gas Type, Oil, Salts and Detergent on Formation and Stability of Air and Carbon Dioxide Bubbles Produced by Using a Nanobubble Generator." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (2023): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091496.
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Recent developments in ultrafine bubble generation have opened up new possibilities for applications in various fields. Herein, we investigated how substances in water affect the size distribution and stability of microbubbles generated by a common nanobubble generator. By combining light scattering techniques with optical microscopy and high-speed imaging, we were able to track the evolution of microbubbles over time during and after bubble generation. Our results showed that air injection generated a higher number of microbubbles (<10 μm) than CO2 injection. Increasing detergent concentration led to a rapid increase in the number of microbubbles generated by both air and CO2 injection and the intensity signal detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) slightly increased. This suggested that surface-active molecules may inhibit the growth and coalescence of bubbles. In contrast, we found that salts (NaCl and Na2CO3) in water did not significantly affect the number or size distribution of bubbles. Interestingly, the presence of oil in water increased the intensity signal and we observed that the bubbles were coated with an oil layer. This may contribute to the stability of bubbles. Overall, our study sheds light on the effects of common impurities on bubble generation and provides insights for analyzing dispersed bubbles in bulk.
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Kohlstaedt, Martin, Iris von der Hocht, Florian Hilbers, Yvonne Thielmann, and Hartmut Michel. "Development of a Thermofluor assay for stability determination of membrane proteins using the Na+/H+antiporter NhaA and cytochromecoxidase." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 5 (2015): 1112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004715004058.
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Crystallization of membrane proteins is very laborious and time-consuming, yielding well diffracting crystals in only a minority of projects. Therefore, a rapid and easy method is required to optimize the conditions for initial crystallization trials. The Thermofluor assay has been developed as such a tool. However, its applicability to membrane proteins is still limited because either large hydrophilic extramembranous regions or cysteine residues are required for the available dyes to bind and therefore act as reporters in this assay. No probe has been characterized to discriminate between the hydrophobic surfaces of detergent micelles, folded and detergent-covered membrane proteins and denatured membrane proteins. Of the four dyes tested, the two dyes 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) and SYPRO Orange were systematically screened for compatibility with five detergents commonly used in the crystallization of membrane proteins. ANS showed the weakest interactions with all of the detergents screened. It was possible to determine the melting temperature of the sodium ion/proton antiporter NhaA, a small membrane protein without large hydrophilic domains, over a broad pH range using ANS. Furthermore, cytochromecoxidase (CcO) was used to apply the method to a four-subunit membrane protein complex. It was possible to obtain preliminary information on the temperature-dependent denaturation of this complex using the dye ANS. Application of the dye 7-diethylamino-3-(4′-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) to CcO in the Thermofluor assay enabled the determination of the melting temperatures of distinct subunits of the complex.
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Yeh, Vivien, Alice Goode, and Boyan B. Bonev. "Membrane Protein Structure Determination and Characterisation by Solution and Solid-State NMR." Biology 9, no. 11 (2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9110396.
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Biological membranes define the interface of life and its basic unit, the cell. Membrane proteins play key roles in membrane functions, yet their structure and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Breakthroughs in crystallography and electron microscopy have invigorated structural analysis while failing to characterise key functional interactions with lipids, small molecules and membrane modulators, as well as their conformational polymorphism and dynamics. NMR is uniquely suited to resolving atomic environments within complex molecular assemblies and reporting on membrane organisation, protein structure, lipid and polysaccharide composition, conformational variations and molecular interactions. The main challenge in membrane protein studies at the atomic level remains the need for a membrane environment to support their fold. NMR studies in membrane mimetics and membranes of increasing complexity offer close to native environments for structural and molecular studies of membrane proteins. Solution NMR inherits high resolution from small molecule analysis, providing insights from detergent solubilised proteins and small molecular assemblies. Solid-state NMR achieves high resolution in membrane samples through fast sample spinning or sample alignment. Recent developments in dynamic nuclear polarisation NMR allow signal enhancement by orders of magnitude opening new opportunities for expanding the applications of NMR to studies of native membranes and whole cells.
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Ma, Yuanqing, Elizabeth Hinde, and Katharina Gaus. "Nanodomains in biological membranes." Essays in Biochemistry 57 (February 6, 2015): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0570093.
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Lipid rafts are defined as cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-enriched membrane domains in the plasma membrane of cells that are highly dynamic and cannot be resolved with conventional light microscopy. Membrane proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid matrix can be grouped into raft and non-raft proteins based on their association with detergent-resistant membranes in biochemical assays. Selective lipid–protein interactions not only produce heterogeneity in the membrane, but also cause the spatial compartmentalization of membrane reactions. It has been proposed that lipid rafts function as platforms during cell signalling transduction processes such as T-cell activation (see Chapter 13 (pages 165–175)). It has been proposed that raft association co-localizes specific signalling proteins that may yield the formation of the observed signalling microclusters at the immunological synapses. However, because of the nanometre size and high dynamics of lipid rafts, direct observations have been technically challenging, leading to an ongoing discussion of the lipid raft model and its alternatives. Recent developments in fluorescence imaging techniques have provided new opportunities to investigate the organization of cell membranes with unprecedented spatial resolution. In this chapter, we describe the concept of the lipid raft and alternative models and how new imaging technologies have advanced these concepts.
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Bartman, Marcin, Sebastian Balicki, Lucyna Hołysz, and Kazimiera A. Wilk. "Surface Properties of Graffiti Coatings on Sensitive Surfaces Concerning Their Removal with Formulations Based on the Amino-Acid-Type Surfactants." Molecules 28, no. 4 (2023): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041986.
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Water-in-oil (w/o) nanoemulsions stabilized with amino acid surfactants (AAS) are one example of nanotechnology detergents of the “brush on, wipe off”-type for removing graffiti coatings from different sensitive surfaces. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process was used to obtain the nanostructured fluids (NSFs), including the non-toxic and eco-friendly components such as AAS, esterified vegetable oils, and ethyl lactate. The most effective NSF detergent was determined by response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. Afterwards, several surface properties, i.e., topography, wettability, surface free energy, and the work of water adhesion to surfaces before and after their coverage with the black graffiti paint, as well as after the removal of the paint layers by the eco-remover, were determined. It was found that the removal of graffiti with the use of the NSF detergent is more dependent on the energetic properties and microporous structure of the paint coatings than on the properties of the substrates on which the layers were deposited. The use of NSFs and knowledge of the surface properties could enable the development of versatile detergents that would remove unwanted contamination from various surfaces easily and in a controlled way.
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Tebyanian, Hamid, Ali Karami, Ebrahim Motavallian, et al. "A Comparative Study of Rat Lung Decellularization by Chemical Detergents for Lung Tissue Engineering." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (2017): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.179.
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BACKGROUND: Lung disease is the most common cause of death in the world. The last stage of pulmonary diseases is lung transplantation. Limitation and shortage of donor organs cause to appear tissue engineering field. Decellularization is a hope for producing intact ECM in the development of engineered organs.AIM: The goal of the decellularization process is to remove cellular and nuclear material while retaining lung three-dimensional and molecular proteins. Different concentration of detergents was used for finding the best approach in lung decellularization.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, three-time approaches (24, 48 and 96 h) with four detergents (CHAPS, SDS, SDC and Triton X-100) were used for decellularizing rat lungs for maintaining of three-dimensional lung architecture and ECM protein composition which have significant roles in differentiation and migration of stem cells This comparative study determined that variable decellularization approaches can cause significantly different effects on decellularized lungs.RESULTS: Results showed that destruction was increased with increasing the detergent concentration. Single detergent showed a significant reduction in maintaining of three-dimensional of lung and ECM proteins (Collagen and Elastin). But, the best methods were mixed detergents of SDC and CHAPS in low concentration in 48 and 96 h decellularization.CONCLUSION: Decellularized lung tissue can be used in the laboratory to study various aspects of pulmonary biology and physiology and also, these results can be used in the continued improvement of engineered lung tissue.
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Nisa, Adninda Huda, Mela Firdaust, and Bayu Chondro Purnomo. "DESKRIPSI KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS LIMBAH CAIR USAHA LAUNDRY DI KELURAHAN SUMAMPIR KECAMATAN PURWOKERTO UTARA KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2018." Buletin Keslingmas 38, no. 2 (2019): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v38i2.4875.
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Background The development of laundry business in the increasingly rapid in Sumampir village make the aquatic environment in the region to be foamy and overgrown with microalgae. Research purposes to describe and to know the quality and quantity of waste water of laundry in Sumampir Village. Type of research, descriptive research. The subjects 9 laundry business, parameters measured are phosphate content of waste water, detergent type, detergent composition, detergent dosage, volume of waste water, frequency of waste water disposal and waste water management from laundry business.The results 89% of laundry business with average phospate 0,76 mg/L (content appropriate) and 11% laundry business with phosphate level of 5.84 mg/L (did not appropriate), 67% of the laundry business used liquid detergent, soft and matic top load type and 33% of respondents used powder detergent, hard and matic front load, 44% of respondents did not use detergents according to the type of washing machine. Detergent composition used by laundry business that is 25% Total Surfactant, Antibacterial Agent, Sodium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate and Natrium Carbonate 20%. The majority of the detergent dosage used by the laundry business is 23 ml. The average volume of waste water produced from 9 laundry business 1038.57 liters/day. Average frequency of waste water disposal from 9 laundry business 13 times/day and 100% laundry business does not manage the waste water and does not have a waste water treatment facilities. Conclusion, the quality and quantity of wastewater at laundry business in Sumampir Village is at risk of environmental pollution
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Domingo, Jerónimo, Alfredo Iranzo, David Arnanz, Akhilesh K. Srivastava, Michael Groombridge, and Jared Hansen. "CFD Analysis of Mixing Process of Detergents in Rotational and Displacement Vessels." Processes 11, no. 1 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010029.
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As part of the European Commission research project DIY4U focused on the development of machinery to be installed in supermarket allowing customers to define their customized detergent according to their needs. These machines will mix the detergent components (surfactant, fatty acid, water, perfume, etc.) already in the detergent canister as sold to consumers. To avoid long waiting times for customers, and to obtain a product with good quality and consistency, mixing must be very efficient. A mixing process with rotation and displacement by means of rotating the canister around an axis below the canister bottom has been checked by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools after validation of one case with lab results. This is a new approach for liquid detergents, as commonly is a powder detergent production process. The mixing process has been simulated for 39 different combinations of components mass fraction percentages and the mixing quality observed during the mixing period. A response surface obtained from these simulations has been developed to be included in a Digital Twin, this being a task within this DIY4U project. The results show that this system is very efficient, taking a few seconds to develop a complete mixing. Also, the mixing time differences are quite small, requiring all customers to wait just few seconds independently of their detergent formulation.
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Lee, Sang Hyuk, William Kastor, Xiao Fu, et al. "Development and application of decontamination methods for the re-use of laboratory grade plastic pipette tips." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0301950. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301950.
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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a need for methods to decontaminate and reuse personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical plastics became a priority. In this investigation we aimed to develop a contamination evaluation protocol for laboratory pipette tips, after decontamination. Decontamination methods tested in this study included cleaning with a common laboratory detergent (2.5% Alconox® solution followed with steam decontamination), exposure of ozone vapor at 250 and 14400 PPM * minute, and exposure to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). All tips (control and experimental groups) were introduced to the methods described, while tips exposed to DNA extracts of Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC-23211) were assessed for experimental groups. Decontamination was determined by turnover ratio and log reduction in detectable genomic material on the contaminated products using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Our results showed, cleaning tips with lab detergents along with steam decontamination removed genetic material, resulting in the highest log reduction, compared with ozone or CAP treatments. Detergent/washing methods showed the second highest turnover ratio (95.9%) and log reduction (5.943). However, the excessive residue (post- cleaning) on the plastic, within inner filters, and tip boxes suggested that washing with lab detergents was not favorable for reuse. Ozone vapor at 14400 PPM * minute showed the highest turnover ratio (98.4%) and log reduction (4.511). CAP exposure with tips inverted (the tip end exposed closer to the plasma flame) for 1 minute showed a turnover ratio of (68.3%) and log reduction (4.002). Relatively, lower turnover ratio and log reduction of CAP could be improved by optimization, such as increasing the exposure time. Future testing would provide fine-tuned conditions for CAP-specific decontamination of plasticware. In this study we were able to provide fundamental insight into a non-traditional decontamination method for single-use plasticware that could render these products reusable.
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Wachendorf, M., and T. Astor. "THE BENEFIT OF SPECTRAL AND POINT-CLOUD DATA FOR HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GRASSLANDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W16 (September 17, 2019): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w16-267-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Grassland represents the largest single agricultural vegetation in Germany and provides a multitude of ecosystem services. Timely and accurate information about herbage yield and quality is essential for an efficient use of resources, e.g. to be able to match the actual available feed with a demand of animals or with other industrial uses. Grasslands frequently exhibit small-scale botanical and structural heterogeneity with pronounced spatio-temporal dynamics. These features present particular challenges for sensor applications, which, apart from limitations posed by high costs and low temporal and spatial resolutions of many available remote sensing (RS) systems, may be the reason for so far little commercial applications of RS in practical grassland farming. This paper considers recent developments in the use of spectral and point-cloud data for herbage yield and quality assessment of grasslands. Former research showed that single sensor systems mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles produce similar prediction errors in crude protein or acid detergent fibre concentrations as proximal sensing tools (e.g. field spectroscopy). However, further improvements are needed. Beside improvements of single sensor types, the development of systems with complementary sensors is seen as a promising research area. It will help to overcome the limitations of single sensors and provide better information about herbage yield and quality. From an agronomic point of view, thematic maps of farm fields are suggested as the central outcome of RS and data analysis. These maps are representing the relevant grassland features and therefore can be used as low-cost, appropriate and timely information to support farmers’ decision-making.</p>
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Petrovska, L.S., I. І. Baranova, and Yu.O. Bezpala. "THE EXPLANATON OF THE SELECTION OF BASIC DETERGENTS AND SECONDARY DETERGENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOAM MEANS WITH MINIMUM IRRITANT ACTION." Annals of Mechnikov Institute, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 17–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3265064.
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<strong>Introduction.</strong> Modern detergents are different from those products which satisfied the needs of consumers of the last century (for example, they had a stable foam, a bright color due to synthetic dyes, sometimes rich liquorice smells, etc.). At the present time, the consumer has became more selective when choosing foaming agents of different orientation. Analyzing the entire information space, we noticed that manufacturers develop foam materials on the basis of classical technology, that is, they combine anionic, amphoteric, nonionic detergents, and also add auxiliary substances such as viscosity regulators, corients, pH values, and others. We also noted that the modern manufacturer began to prefer detergents or even their combinations, which in turn would have less irritant activity on the skin and mucous membranes. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. As materials we used informational and literary sources that highlighted the main characteristics of modern basic and additional detergents. Also, we used conventional methods of research, namely historical, logical, comparative and structural.<strong> Results.</strong> Usually, in formulations of foaming agents, which are represented in the Ukrainian market, mostly detergents of anionic nature, such as sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, are presented. The washing properties in them provide a surface-active anion: a negatively charged particle of a molecule. It is the anions that give a massive foam. But since the surface of our skin has a polymozaic charge, the efficacy of cleaning with such a detergent is not the best one. Therefore, lately, modern manufacturers combine either nonionic and amphoteric detergents or combine them with mild anionic substances such as sodium mentresulfate, sodium laurylsarkosinate, magnesium laureth sulfate, and etc. After analyzing literary sources and taking into account the manufacturer's advice, we identified the main "soft" surfactants that are currently used: Magnesium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Sodium Myethyrsulphate, Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Ricinoleamido MEA-Sulfosuccinate, Sodium Laureth-11 Carboxylate, Laureth-7 Citrate. As additional detergents in foaming agents, various amphoteric, nonionic, some anionic and crypt-anionic detergents are commonly used. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The analysis of the nomenclature and characteristics of modern detergents of different nature of origin, namely anionic, amphoteric and nonionogenic, is carried out. It has been established that a wide range of detergents is currently used, which can be used in various applications, for example, from children's foam to shower gels. It is noted that due to the use of detergents with minimal irritant action, it is possible to create a group of sputum funds not only with satisfactory consumer and physicochemical indicators, but also with a limited interval of pH.
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Ito, Susumu, Tohru Kobayashi, and Katsuya Ozaki. "Development of Detergent Enzymes." Journal of Applied Glycoscience 47, no. 2 (2000): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5458/jag.47.243.
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Silva, Leonardo Mendes da, and Fábio Júnio da Silva. "Toxic Effects Promoted by a Commercial Detergent on the Germination and Initial Development of Cucumber Seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination 18, no. 2 (2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2023.02.02.
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Detergent is a significant pollutant that poses serious risks to natural ecosystems. Its components can penetrate soil and bodies of water from various sources, negatively impacting fauna and flora and causing eutrophication, foam formation, as well as altering important parameters such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, and pH. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic potential of a commercial detergent using cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as a model organism. Four concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 8 g L-1) were evaluated, and the toxicity test was carried out according to ISO 18763 standards with minor modifications. The parameters evaluated were: percentage of germination, germination speed index, root length, and shoot length of seedlings. The test results showed that the detergent had no toxic effects on seed germination percentage. However, all concentrations affected the germination speed index. Regarding root length, this parameter was affected from the concentration of 2 g L-1, with this concentration promoting an 11.26% reduction compared to the control. Shoot length was affected by all concentrations, being the most affected parameter by the different concentrations, as revealed by the calculation of the toxicity index. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) that reduced root length by 50% was 3.03 g L-1, while for shoot length, it was 1.56 g L-1. These results suggest that the excessive use or improper disposal of commercial detergents can have negative effects on living organisms, highlighting the importance of control and regulation measures to mitigate the environmental risks associated with their use.