Relevant bibliographies by topics / Detergent powders

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Detergent powders'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Detergent powders"

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Stevens, Daryl, Peter Dillon, Declan Page, Michael Warne, and Guang Guo Ying. "Assessing environmental risks of laundry detergents in greywater used for irrigation." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2011.027.

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The objective of this study was to assess the environmental risk posed to Australian and New Zealand ecosystems by the presence of powdered laundry detergents in greywater used for irrigating gardens. Fifty powdered laundry detergents were assessed and all contained hazards which posed moderate to very high risks from increased alkalinity, sodicity and salinity to plants and soils when used at manufacturer-recommended doses and the resulting greywater used for irrigation. A number of detergents had phosphorus and boron concentrations considered to be a high risk for a number of plants. Risk to groundwater quality was also evaluated and found to potentially be a tighter constraint than risk to plants and soil where irrigation reuse is extensive in arid areas. A detergent environmental performance index was composed on risks assessed for three scenarios to compare with a washability performance index for the same powders. Only one detergent exceeded the 80% environmental index (100% = low risk from all hazards assessed) and maintained wash performance above 85%. The analysis suggests that for poorly drained soils greywater reuse is not recommended for most of the powdered laundry detergents evaluated. However the methodology may provide a basis for environmental labelling of detergents.
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Mer, Anjali, Rajesh Samant, and Prabha Padmanabha. "Characterization of commercial detergents and natural cleansing agents with comparison of their potential for biodegradability." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v6i1.8505.

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Background: Commercial detergents are chemical formulations designed to dissolve or disperse grease, grime, and dirt by making them water soluble or suspending it in water. They are best known for their wide use in laundry industry and household cleaning. After use, the wash waters along with the residual detergents are discharged into sewage system and are carried to water bodies, which result in damaging the biodiversity of aquatic environment due to the non-degradable nature of the active detergent matter present in these cleansing agents.Method: A critical analytical study was conducted on the quality of popular detergent powders sold in the Indian market viz. Ariel, Surf Excel, Rin and Tide with respect to their moisture content, active and total alkalinity, active detergent matter, water-insoluble matter, oxygen releasing capacity and pH. Two natural cleansing agents viz. Areetha and Shikakai were tested for the same parameters. Bacterial cultures were isolated from detergent-rich soil in Dhobighat, Mumbai and used to study detergent degradation over a period of time. Methylene Blue Photometric Assay was used to estimate the reduction in active detergent matter.Result and Conclusion: Areetha and Shikakai were found effective as detergents but with certain limitations. Degradation was seen in the commercial detergents over a period of time.
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Farshchi, Amin, Ali Hassanpour, and Andrew E. Bayly. "The structure of spray-dried detergent powders." Powder Technology 355 (October 2019): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.06.049.

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Babu, N. G. Ramesh, and Anupa Mary Aji. "Molecular Characterization of Alkaline Protease Gene Isolated from Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH10." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i2.29583.

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Alkaline protease enzymes are enzymes which can catalyze the process of proteolysis between the pH ranges from 8 to 12. Extracellular alkaline proteases are used as additives in detergent powders. In the present study, source of the organism was from a detergent contaminated area. The study has been carried out in Aeromonas hydrophila AH10 strain that produces protease enzyme with an alkaline pH optimum. The organism was a gram-negative rod with a protease enzyme activity of 0.385 ml/min. purification of the protease enzyme from the bacteria was carried out. This protease is suitable for use in alkaline detergent powders as well as in silver recovery process. The Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH10 gene encoding this high-alkaline protease was cloned and characterized. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 154-160
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Rathinamoorthy, R. "Performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2018-0155.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) – Chitosan composite dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) for household laundry. The developed composite DTI is tested against different commercial dyes and detergent powders normally used in the household laundry for its performance. Design/methodology/approach The DTI article is tested for its performance against five commercial dyes and five commercial detergent compositions. The dye re-deposition behaviour of the control fabric was measured in terms of the colour difference (ΔE) values. The influence of PVP on the washing efficiency of detergent was evaluated against tea, coffee and juice stains. Findings The results showed that there is an excellent performance of the developed product noted in terms of DTI performance against reactive, basic and sulfur dyes. The DTI product showed a significantly (p<0.05) less performance against acid and direct dyes. There is no significant differences noted in the stain removal efficiency of the detergent in the presence of PVP in the wash liquor (p>0.05). Originality/value The usage of DTI polymer in the household laundry has no significant influence on the detergents performance in terms of stain removing efficiency. The DTI polymer’s function in the wash liquor depends up on the type of polymer used, as they are sensitive to the type of detergent compositions used and the type of dyes bleeds in the wash liquor.
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Abojassim, Ali A., Hussain H. Abd, Dalal N. Hamed, and Anmar A. Abdullah. "Study of radioactivity levels in detergent powders samples by gamma spectroscopy." Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, no. 4 (October 2014): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.09.001.

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Siwayanan, Parthiban, Ramlan Aziz, Nooh Abu Bakar, Hamdan Ya, Ropien Jokiman, and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan. "Detergency Stability and Particle Characterization of Phosphate-Free Spray Dried Detergent Powders Incorporated with Palm C16 Methyl Ester Sulfonate (C16MES)." Journal of Oleo Science 63, no. 6 (2014): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess13200.

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Thakur, Subhash C., Hossein Ahmadian, Jin Sun, and Jin Y. Ooi. "An experimental and numerical study of packing, compression, and caking behaviour of detergent powders." Particuology 12 (February 2014): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2013.06.009.

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Khanmohammadi, Mohammadreza, Nahid Mashkuri, Masumeh Rostami, and Amir Bagheri Garmarudi. "Quantitative determination of sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate in detergent powders by infrared spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 4 (April 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934812040089.

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Maxfield, Lewis, Luis Martindejuan, and Andrew E. Bayly. "Prediction of self-heating in detergent powders for application to spray dryer wall accumulations." Drying Technology 38, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2019.1576727.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Detergent powders"

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Farshchi, Amin. "The influence of slurry formulation on the multi-scale structure and functional properties of spray dried detergent powders." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21912/.

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Globally, spray drying is the most commonly used process by which detergent slurries can be transformed into low-density and free-flowing powders. The structure and formulation of these granules have a profound effect on the functional properties, e.g. flow behaviour, storage stability and dissolution rate, of the final product. Nevertheless, little is known about the structure and functional properties of the spray-dried powders due to the lack of scientific works in the public domain. In this thesis, four simple model formulations based on linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (NaLAS) and sodium sulphate were used to probe the influence of initial slurry water content and binder, SiO2:Na2O molar ratio of sodium silicate, on the structure. Moreover, flow behaviour and water sorption characteristics were chosen to be investigated as the findings of these studied can provide a better understanding of the influence of slurry formulation on the granule structure. The complex multiscale structure of these granules was characterized using a complementary range of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image analysis, x-ray micro-tomography, wide angle and small angle x-ray scattering (WAXS, SAXS). A complex composite structure is revealed due to the multiphase nature of the starting slurry and its evolution during the drying process. The structure revealed can be viewed as a continuous matrix consisting of NaLAS, sodium sulphate and binder in which large, dense, crystals of sodium sulphate are embedded. These were initially undissolved in the slurry and are consequently reduced in number in the product made from higher water content slurry. Air is also dispersed in this matrix at two length scales, large vacuoles, at sizes of the order of the particle diameter which are the result of ‘puffing’ i.e. water boiling, and micro-scale porosity which evolved during the crystallisation of the drying matrix. The matrix is a composite structure of binder, dried surfactant liquid crystalline phase and sub-micron scale crystallites of sodium sulphate. Changes in the initial composition, water content or binder, of this phase are seen to change both the sulphate polymorphs present and the d-spacing of the NaLAS phase. Morphology and surface characteristics are also seen to change with the high initial moisture content particles producing more irregular structure and a rougher surface. The SAXS data were further analysed by reconstructing electron density profiles (EDP) of the one-dimensional repeat of bilayer stacking by Fourier analysis, and the parameters of lamellar d-spacing, bilayer thickness (dHH ) and water layer thickness (dW ) were determined. The relative humidity was found to be a critical factor determining the number of coexisting lamellar polymorphs. The greater the RH value, the fewer is the number of lamellar polymorphs. The presence of binders is another factor, due to its hygroscopic properties, controlling the short-range order structures of self-assembled surfactants. To investigate the influence of relative humidity on the microstructural evolution and moisture sorption behaviour of spray-dried detergent powders, the samples were stored at various relative humidity. The moisture sorption isotherms of the powders were gravimetrically determined using a dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) technique. The extent of moisture uptake in these samples was found to be determined by the solid state of sodium silicate. The powder flowability was investigated using a Schulze ring shear tester. The initial water content of the slurries was found to have a profound effect on the flowability of the resulting spray-dried powders. The powders produced from high-water content showed a better flow behaviour. This was attributed to the influence of water content on the matrix composition. The chemical composition of the detergent powders was also probed using Raman confocal microscopy techniques. The powders containing lower surface concentration of surfactant had a better flowability. Sodium silicates significantly improved the flow behaviour of the particles. The silicate is thought to form a glassy continuum linking sulphate crystals and surfactant domains, which consequently increases the apparent granule strength, and hence improves the flow behaviour.
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Hewitt, Christopher David. "Powder build-up in detergent packing lines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6851/.

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Build-up is a fouling process in which a small fraction of a powder becomes a film adhered to a surface. Specifically buildup in auger fillers which is the focus of this thesis is a significant problem for industry leading to equipment downtime for cleaning, drives tripping due to high torque and reduced powder quality. The work presented in this thesis shows that for a unblended powder with a particle size similar to that of the auger fillers auger/tube clearance, build-up will be formed when powders have b-1 Kawakita parameter of less than 0.5 MPa and tablet strengths below 0.6 MPa post compression to 58 MPa. It is proposed based upon results the work of Crutchley and Bridgewater [29] and Calvert et al. [30] that powders which form build-up due so due to the stresses they experience as they pass through the auger/tube clearance. Additionally this stress is a function of the ratio of the powder’s particle size to the magnitude of the auger/tube clearance C. Work presented in Chapter 8 supports this conclusion showing that once C/D90 is greater than 3.5, build-up is not formed.
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Lee, Patrick Seo Thin. "A feasibility study of a recycled paper scoop, a dosing device for synthetic powder laundry detergents /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11592.

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Salvi, Paulo Sergio. "A influência dos detergentes em pó comercial na solidez da cor à lavagem doméstica dos substratos têxteis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-19012018-165818/.

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A presente pesquisa consiste em analisar a solidez da cor dos substratos têxteis à lavagem, perante a utilização de detergentes em pó comerciais, e comparar com a utilização do detergente pó padrão previsto na norma ABNT NBR ISO 105-C06: Têxteis Ensaios de solidez da cor parte C06: Solidez da cor à lavagem doméstica e comercial. Para que as variáveis do substrato têxtil: a) composição; b) preparação para o tingimento; c) processo de tingimento; d) intensidade da cor; e) classe de corante. E as do processo de lavagem: temperaturas não comprometessem a conclusão da pesquisa, contemplou-se o controle de todas elas, de forma que, a única variável foi o tipo de detergente em pó utilizado, para tanto, levou-se em consideração: a) utilizado substratos 100% algodão, 100% poliéster, 100% poliamida e 100% acrílico; b) preparação para garantir a homogeneidade das amostras; c) substratos tintos em cores claras, médias e escuras; d) utilizadas classes de corantes que possuem boa solidez à lavagem; e) lavagem a 40ºC e a 60ºC. Foi utilizado um ambiente integrado contemplando equipamentos de laboratório para preparação, tingimento das amostras e para os ensaios de solidez da cor à lavagem, segundo a norma técnica específica. Os corpos de prova, após o processo de lavagem, foram submetidos à avaliação da alteração da cor, de acordo com a norma ABNT NBR ISO 105-A05: Têxteis Ensaios de solidez da cor parte A05: Avaliação instrumental da alteração da cor para classificação na escala cinza. Os resultados dos ensaios apontaram que somente os substratos 100% algodão e 100% poliamida, cor clara, lavados com detergentes comerciais apresentam resultados divergentes dos lavados com detergente padrão. Já os demais substratos não apresentaram alterações significativas quando comparados aos resultados obtidos na lavagem com o detergente padrão, o que aponta que o tipo de detergente utilizado no ensaio não influencia no resultado
The present research consists in analyzing the fastness of colors in textile substrates to washing, in relation to the use of commercial powder detergents, and compare it with the use of the standard detergent powder according to ABNT NBR ISO 105-C06: Textiles - color fastness of C06: Color fastness to domestic and commercial washing. So that the variables of the textile substrate: a) composition; b) preparation for dyeing; c) dyeing process; d) color intensity; e) dye class. And the of washing process: temperature, did not compromise the conclusion of the research, it was contemplated the control of them all, so that the only variable was the type of detergent powder used, for that, it was taken into consideration: a) used 100% cotton, 100% polyester, 100% polyamide and 100% acrylic substrates, because they are the most consumed fibers in Brazil; b) preparation to guarantee the homogeneity of the samples; c) red substrates in light, medium and dark colors; d) classes of dyes, which have good wash fastness, were used; e) washing at 40 ° C and at 60 ° C. An integrated environment was used, contemplating laboratory equipment for preparation, dyeing of the samples and the tests of color fastness to the wash, according to the specific technical standard. After the washing process, the specimens were submitted to the color change evaluation according to ABNT NBR ISO 105-A05: Textiles - Color fastness tests part A05: Instrumental evaluation of the color changing for Classification on the gray scale. The results of the tests indicated that only the 100% cotton and 100% polyamide substrates light colored washed with commercial detergents showed divergent results from the standard detergent washings. However, on the other substrates, did not present significant alterations when compared to the substrates obtained in washing with standard detergent, which indicates that the type of Detergent used in the test does not influence the result
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Gregorová, Martina. "Analýza ekonomických a environmentálních efektů kompaktace pracích prášků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149891.

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This master thesis studies environmental effects of a detergents' compactation project. The theoretical part describes negative environmental effects of detergents' use and foreign initiatives having successfully led to decrease of these effects. The analytical part evaluates the information campaign focused on customer behavior and detergent dosage through a market survey. Lower detergent consumption is a prerequisite of a decreased negative environmental impact. Market data showing real detergent consumption are compared to expected development. Results of the market survey and the market data analysis show that a change in consumer behavior was not sufficient; and therefore, the compactation project was not successful.
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Rahmanian, Nejat, M. H. Halmi, D. Choy, R. Patel, S. Yusup, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "An experimental investigation on seeded granulation of detergent powders." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18401.

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Yes
Granulation is commonly used as an enlargement process of particles produce granules with desirable characteristics and functionality. Granulation process transforms fine powders into free-flowing, dust-free granules with the presence of liquid binder at certain operating conditions. The main focus of this research is on seeded granulation of detergent powders, a new phenomenon of granulation in which a layer of fine powders surround the coarse particle. This is already proven for calcium carbonate (Rahmanian et al., 2011). Here, detergent granules were produced in a 5 L high shear Cyclomix granulator using different fine/coarse powder ratio (1/3, 1, 3) and different binder ratio of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %. The granules were then characterized for their particle size distribution, strength and structure. It was found that a high percentage (70 wt. %) of granules in the desired size range between 125 - 1,000 µm were produced using the powder ratio of 1/3 and a binder content of 10 %. Low mean crushing strength (3.0 N) with a narrow distribution was obtained using this condition. Structure characterization of the detergent granules produced in the granulator shows that consistent seeded granule structures are produced under the optimum process and formulation conditions of 1/3 powder ratio with 10 % binder.
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"A study of the importance of various elements of the marketing-mix in the purchase of laundry detergent powder." 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886342.

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by Monica Cheung Wai, Eppie Wong Yuen Yee.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaf 65.
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
ACKNOWLEDEGMENTS --- p.v
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter II. --- STUDY OF THE PURCHASE OF DETERGENT POWDER
Chapter 2.1 --- Market Situation for Detergent Powderin Hong Kong --- p.3
Chapter 2.2 --- Rationale of the Study --- p.4
Chapter 2.3 --- Scope of the Study --- p.5
Chapter 2 .4 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.6
Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 3.1 --- Relevance of Understanding Consumer Purchase Behaviour in the Marketing Concept --- p.8
Chapter 3.2 --- Howard Model of Consumer Behaviour --- p.8
Chapter 3.3 --- "Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model" --- p.9
Chapter 3.4 --- Definition of Detergent Powder Purchase --- p.10
Chapter 3.5 --- Research Findings : Hoyer --- p.11
Chapter 3.6 --- Choice Tactics in Detergent Powder Purchase --- p.13
Chapter 3.7 --- Product Information in Memory --- p.16
Chapter 3.8 --- Applicability of Hoyer's Research Findings --- p.17
Chapter 3.9 --- Relevance of Judgmental Models in Detergent Powder Purchase --- p.17
Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY AND FRAMEWORK FOR ATTACK
Chapter 4.1 --- The Pilot Study --- p.21
Chapter 4.2 --- The Observation Phase --- p.22
Chapter 4.3 --- The Questionnaire Survey --- p.23
Chapter V. --- SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS
Chapter 5.1 --- Observation Survey --- p.27
Chapter 5.2 --- Salience of Various Evaluative Criteria --- p.28
Chapter 5.3 --- Propensity for Brand Switching --- p.29
Chapter 5.4 --- Consumers' Evaluation of the Product Attributes of their Current Brand --- p.32
Chapter 5 .5 --- Attitude --- p.34
Chapter 5.6 --- Difference in Purchase Behaviour among Consumers across Demographic Profiles --- p.35
Chapter 5.7 --- Demographic Profile of the Sample --- p.38
Chapter VI. --- DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 6.1 --- Decision Process Behaviour and Advertising Strategy --- p.43
Chapter 6.2 --- Brand Switching Behaviour and Promotional Strategy --- p.45
Chapter 6.3 --- Satisfaction with Current Brand and Relevance of Promotional Efforts --- p.46
Chapter 6.4 --- Salience of Evaluative Criteria -- Pricing and Product --- p.47
Chapter 6.5 --- Purchase Behaviour among Consumers across Demographic Profiles -- and its Marketing Implications --- p.48
Chapter 6.6 --- Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Further Research --- p.49
APPENDICES
Chapter Appendix A: --- Observation Sheet --- p.51
Chapter Appendix B: --- Schedule of Questionnaire Survey --- p.52
Chapter Appendix C: --- The Questionnaire (English and Chinese versions) --- p.53
Chapter Appendix D: --- Research Data --- p.58
Chapter Appendix E: --- T-test Table- --- p.61
Chapter Appendix F: --- F-test Table --- p.63
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.65
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Wu, Cheng-Wang, and 吳政旺. "A Study on the Rheological Behavior of Detergents for Powders." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60071474253153872736.

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碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
99
With the increase in living standards, there has been an increase in the variety of detergents available in the market today. It is not only demanded that these products be sanitary and safe, but that they should also be effective in improving the appearance of our skin. For years, manufacturers have added powders, which are able to exfoliate the stratum corneum, to have anti-aging effects, and to give an appearance of beauty. However, if the powders are not evenly dispersed within the detergent, the efficacy and the appearance of the product is affected. This paper examined the proper way to disperse powders effectively in the detergents. The experiment was divided in two parts. The first part was to evaluate the suspension ability of the powders by adding them into different surfactant formulations. The second part was to evaluate powders that were in detergents currently in the market. The results of the two parts were then compared. Through centrifugation we were able to evaluate the amount of powders in the detergents that sunk within a given period of time, and we were able to assess the suspension ability of powders over a given time in different surfactant formulas. According to our results, the rheological behavior of the detergent formulations were shear-thinning and the viscosity was affected by attractiveness for opposite charges, hydrophobic chain effects, and swelling of polymers. NaCl, Xanthan gum, and Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were the thickening agents in the formulations, which increased the viscosity of the detergent. However, Sodium acrylates/acrylonitrogens copolymers did not increase viscosity, and upon further speculation it was observed that it was because the crystalline solid could not be dissolved in the detergents. As a result, NaCl was the best for increasing the viscosity of the detergents, and Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer was the best for increasing the suspension in the detergents. From the experiment, the suspension ability of the detergents was effected by the viscosity and the chemical structure. This research could be used as a reference point of how to add powders to detergents effectively.
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Books on the topic "Detergent powders"

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Minestroni, Laura. Dash: Più bianco non si può : storia, cultura e comunicazione di una marca che è cresciuta insieme a noi. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2010.

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Dash: Più bianco non si può : storia, cultura e comunicazione di una marca che è cresciuta insieme a noi. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2010.

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Waschmittel: Chemie, Umwelt, Nachhaltigkeit. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Byrne, M. S. Powder versus liquid: An exercise on the marketing of detergents : a role play exercise designed for the use of tertiary level science students. London: Education Division, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.

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1956-, Showell Michael S., ed. Powdered detergents. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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Powder Versus Liquid. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.

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Showell, Michael. Powdered Detergents (Surfactant Science). CRC, 1997.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Powder Detergents. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Powder Detergents in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Inc, ICON Group International. The 2000-2005 Outlook for Powder Detergents in Africa. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Detergent powders"

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King, Margaret M., and Evelyn M. Sabino. "An Overview of the Use of XRD as A Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 485–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9996-4_54.

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Showell, Michael S. "Powdered Detergents." In Powdered Detergents, 1–19. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-1.

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Boerefijn, Renee, Prasanna-Rao Dontula, and Reinhard Kohlus. "Chapter 14 Detergent granulation." In Handbook of Powder Technology, 673–703. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-3785(07)80049-2.

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Matzner, Edwin A. "Overview of Regulation and Environmental Issues Affecting Laundry Detergents." In Powdered Detergents, 313–44. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-10.

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Capeci, Scott, and Robert Gary Welch. "Compact Powdered Detergent Process Technologies." In Powdered Detergents, 21–42. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-2.

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Rieck, Hans-Peter. "Builders: The Backbone of Powdered Detergents." In Powdered Detergents, 43–108. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-3.

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Swift, Graham. "Polymeric Dispersants in Powdered Laundry Detergents." In Powdered Detergents, 109–35. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-4.

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Gormsen, Erik, Erik Marcussen, and Ture Damhus. "Enzymes." In Powdered Detergents, 137–63. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-5.

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Burns, Michael E., Gregory S. Miracle, and Alan D. Willey. "Bleach Systems for Compact Detergent Granules." In Powdered Detergents, 165–203. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-6.

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Gosselink, Eugene P. "Soil Release Agents in Powdered Detergents." In Powdered Detergents, 205–39. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742716-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Detergent powders"

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Tayfur, Sundus, Ayoub Al-bayti, and Asmaa Al-bayati. "Histopathological effect of powder detergent on the livers of laboratory mice Mus musculus." In Proceedings of the 1st International Multi-Disciplinary Conference Theme: Sustainable Development and Smart Planning, IMDC-SDSP 2020, Cyperspace, 28-30 June 2020. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-6-2020.2298169.

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Siikanen, Sami, Marko Savolainen, Michael Groombridge, Chandana Ratnayake, Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava, Timo Kauppinen, and Marko Paavola. "Examining short-wavelength infrared hyperspectral imaging for do-it-yourself-for-you laundry detergent powder fablab quality control." In Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIII, edited by Joseph N. Zalameda and Arantza Mendioroz. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2587631.

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Kauffman, Robert E. "Simple Analytical Techniques to Determine the Disperant Capacity and Metal Deactivator Additive Concentration of JP-8+100 and Other Jet Fuels." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-077.

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The US Air Force is developing an additive package to improve the thermal stability of JP-8 fuels by 100°F. Consequently, JP-8 fuels containing the developed additive package are referred to as JP-8+100 fuels. Field tests of the JP-8+100 fuels have shown that the additive package greatly reduces maintenance cost and labor in comparison to JP-8 fuels by minimizing fuel system malfunctions caused by fuel deposition, e.g., fuel control changeouts, combustor damage, etc. The developed additive package contains three components: antioxidant, dispersant/detergent, and metal deactivator. This paper presents simple analytical techniques that can be performed on-site or in the laboratory to determine the dispersant capacity and metal deactivator additive concentrations of JP-8+100 fuels. Since several dispersant/detergent candidates are being evaluated for use in the JP-8+100 additive package, the analytical techniques were developed to measure the dispersant capacity of the additive package instead of the concentration of one particular dispersant/detergent. The dispersant capacity test measures the ability of a fuel sample to suspend a metal oxide powder/water/isopropanol mixture. The dispersant capacity test can be used to identify jet fuels which contain the JP-8+100 additive package and to rate the dispersant capacity of a JP-8+100 fuel. In contrast to the dispersant capacity test, the metal deactivator additive (MDA) tests were designed to determine the concentration of N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine which is the primary MDA used in jet fuels. The MDA tests use fuel soluble compounds or aqueous extraction to chemically react MDA to form colored species. The color of the MDA compound is measured visually for qualitative determinations or spectrometrically for quantitative determinations. Combination of the different MDA tests allows MDA to be detected down to 0.1 ppm regardless of fuel color, age, or type.
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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soils With Chromium." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87552.

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Soil is a vital natural resource that regulates our environment sustainability and provide essential resources to humans and nature. Nowadays, with an increasingly populated and urbanized world, pollution is widely recognized as a significant challenge to soil and groundwater resources management. The most common chemicals found in soils and water plumb in a dissolved state and considered as potential pollutants are heavy metals, dyes, phenols, detergents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and others organic substances, such as organic matter. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms and many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Toxic heavy metals of particular concern zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium. Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage. In this study, the remediation of artificially chromium contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm−1 was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg−1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test. Results proved that the study of chromium mobility revealed the predominance in its transportation through the soil towards the anode, due essentially to the existence of chromium in the form of oxyanions (chromate and dichromate), which confers a negative charge to the molecule. Chromium removal by electrokinetic remediation was faster in low levels of concentration and the utilization of citric acid as buffer and complexing agent allowed to maintain pH of soil below the precipitation limit for this element. It was obtained high removal rates of chromium in both experiments, especially near the anode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.8 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of chromium of 55, 59 and 60% in initial chromium concentration of 500 mg kg−1, 250 mg kg−1 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively. The viability of the new coupling technology developed (electrokinetic with EGGIF permeable reactive barrier) to treat low-permeability polluted soils was demonstrated. Based on the proved efficiency, this remediation technique has to be optimized and applied to real soils in order to validate it as a large-scale solution.
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