Academic literature on the topic 'Detergent products'
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Journal articles on the topic "Detergent products"
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Johnson, Mary B., Elaine Cella, Amanda Pessler, Dan B. Dillard, and Andy Sullivan. "Enhancing Patient Compliance for Usage of Laundry Detergents Free of Dyes and Perfumes: Potential Impact of Better Cleaning Performance." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 3 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.3.4.
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Sensitive skin, an often self-reported condition, is characterized by an unpleasant sensory experience to a variety of consumer products. Certain ingredients in consumer products, such fragrances and dyes, are believed to exacerbate skin sensitivities. Due to an increased prevalence of people reporting sensitive skin, a variety of consumer products are formulated for people with this condition. A segment of commercially marketed laundry detergents, commonly known as free detergents, have been formulated without dyes and perfumes to accommodate skin sensitivities. In the US and Canada respectively, 80% and 97% of dermatologist recommend the use of free detergents for their patients with sensitive skin. However, consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with free detergents, with 39% reporting they are not satisfied with their free detergent’s cleaning performance. When people switch from the leading free laundry detergent, they will switch to a non-free detergent 60% of the time, going against dermatologist recommendations and potentially further aggravating their skin sensitivities. Recently, a survey of US households with sensitive skin showed that 98.8% said that they would be more likely to consistently use a detergent that cleans better. Herein are reported data showing Tide Pods Free & Gentle outperformed other free detergents in cleaning across a wide variety of laundry stains and in SEM visual analysis of soil residues on fibers. It is postulated that the better cleaning detergent may help drive patient compliance with dermatologist recommendations for usage of a free detergent for their patients with sensitive skin.
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S., Mageshwar* M. K. Lavanya &. N. M. Gnanaprakash. "RETAILERS' PERCEPTION TOWARDS REGIONAL BRANDS' DETERGENT PRODUCTS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 9, no. 6 (2022): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6854275.
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In today’s situation, every one of us is concentrating more on health aspects and prefers the most hygienic and unharmful products. Usage of best detergents is the identification of seeking fundamental health. I carried out a study on “Retailers’ perception towards the regional brands’ detergent products” in 4 districts of Ramnad, Pudhukottai, Sivaganga, and Dindugal. As the population of the retailers is unknown, 154 retailers are considered as the respondents. They have been surveyed with the help of a structured questionnaire to understand the movement pattern of the detergent products of regional brands, their influencing factors on product, price, place, and promotions along with their overall satisfaction towards the regional brands. The data collected has been surveyed and involved in percentage analyses for all the multiple-choice questions and mean for the 5-point rating scale questions. I hope this research will help regional brands of detergent products to identify their best and where to concentrate more to improvise further.
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Vasilyeva, L. A., M. I. Boychuk, Yu A. Glazunova, and S. A. Mikaeva. "INNOVATIVE WASHING TECHNOLOGY IN PIEZOTECHNICS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 298 (January 2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.01.pp.003-007.
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The analysis of known detergents used for cleaning electronic products: electrical and optical parts, printed circuit assemblies is carried out. Developed and patented a universal detergent for cleaning piezo products. The detergent is recommended for wider applications in the electronics industry.
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Sulfa, Devi Mariya, Dinar Arsy Arsy Anggarani, Hendra Susanto, and Ajeng Daniarsih. "Synthesis of Eco Enzyme as a Technology for Making Biodegradable Detergent Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) in Supporting Green Antibacterial Products." EXSACT-A 2, no. 1 (2024): 43. https://doi.org/10.36722/exc.v2i1.2283.
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<p>The organic waste from plants is currently increasing and has not been optimally processed. One of the solutions to save the earth from waste by processed the organic waste into eco enzymes. Eco enzyme is processed through fermentation of a mixture of leftover organic waste which can be used in the manufacture of biodegradable detergents. The manufacture of biodegradable detergents requires natural surfactants as materials that are safe for the environment and humans to replace the chemical compounds. Moringa leaves contain saponins as surfactants which have function as antibacterial and antioxidants. The purpose of this research is to produce biodegradable detergents which are processed through the synthesis eco enzymes and mix the moringa leaf surfactants, as well as to determine the antibacterial compounds found in biodegradable detergent. The method used is experimental research. Detergent biosurfactant is obtained from the process of maceration and evaporation of moringa leaves. The result of mixing detergent with eco enzyme is light brown color, has a distinctive fruity scent, and has a pH value of 10. The liquid detergent produced is according to SNI standard with strong antibacterial power. The results showed that biodegradable detergent can effectively remove bacteria and stains on clothes.</p><p>Keywords— Liquid detergent, Eco enzyme, evaporation, fermentation</p>
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Nur Azira Tukiran and Raihanah Badrul Hisham. "Halal Laundry Detergents: Ingredients and Regulations in Malaysia." Halalsphere 4, no. 1 (2024): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/hs.v4i1.86.
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Cleaning products are necessary for our daily lives since they are highly effective in cleaning and washing. They assist in personal hygiene by loosening and removing soil and dirt from the surface, diminishing germs or bacteria that are the source of infectious diseases and making the surroundings comfortable. There are three most common detergents in various places: laundry, dishwashing, and household cleaning. Hence, this review paper focuses on laundry detergent to clean the dirt on fabrics and clothes. This paper aims to provide general knowledge for consumers, particularly Muslims, of the ingredients used in laundry detergents and the halal-related regulations in Malaysia. Ingredients used in detergent products, such as enzymes derived from animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, have issues with where the sources were obtained, which subsequently become one of the reasons many productions have issues fulfilling the halal certification requirement. Other than enzymes, many other ingredients are added to detergent products to provide specific properties and characteristics, such as surfactants, builders, alkalis, bleaches, colourants, and fragrances, which consumers should know before purchasing. Manufacturers must inform Muslim consumers about the purity and impurity of the ingredients used in laundry detergents to make wise decisions in purchasing halal products.
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Lashkhi, V. L., A. L. Chudinovskikh, and I. R. Tatur. "SOLUBILIZATION OF WATER WITH DETERGENTS." World OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 7 (2023): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2023-0-7-32-33.
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The issue of solubilization of water by various detergents is considered. It has been established that with an increase in the base number of the detergent, the solubilization of water increases. The influence of the steric factor, determined by the structure of the detergent, on the efficiency of neutralization of acidic products by the latter is noted. Solubilization is proposed to be considered as an intermediate stage in the general reaction of the interaction of water with detergents, leading to destabilization of the system.
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Dhakite, Dr Pravin A. "Alternative Raw Materials for Detergent Industry." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. IV (2025): 555–58. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.10040046.
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In global scenario detergent industry is using conventional active material like soft acid slurry, alfa olefin sulphonate (AOS) and sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) in various detergent compositions. We have synthesized and characterized polymeric surfactants based on malenized oil1, starch, liquid glucose, polyethylene glycol and sugar. All theses polymers are of vegetable origin and can replace 80 – 100% of conventional active material used in various formulations. Some commercial compositions like liquid and powder detergents2, floor cleansers, hand washes, dish washing liquids, water thinnable paints3, electro deposition paints4 water thinnable primers5 and printing inks6 have been prepared based on polymer and tested for performance characteristics. Selected compositions have been compared with commercial products. Our compositions are ecofriendly based mainly on vegetable products and are techno-economically viable products.
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Kholod, Marina, Nikita Mokrenko, Alberto Celani, and Valentina Puglisi. "Choice Modeling of Laundry Detergent Data for Sustainable Consumption." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (2023): 16949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416949.
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Consumer choice modeling takes center stage as we delve into understanding how personal preferences of decision makers (customers) for products influence demand at the level of the individual. The contemporary choice theory is built upon the characteristics of the decision maker, alternatives available for the choice of the decision maker, the attributes of the available alternatives and decision rules that the decision maker uses to make a choice. The choice set in our research is represented by six major brands (products) of laundry detergents in the Japanese market. We use the panel data of the purchases of 98 households to which we apply the hierarchical probit model, facilitated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) in order to evaluate the brand values of six brands. The applied model also allows us to evaluate the tangible and intangible brand values. These evaluated metrics help us to assess the brands based on their tangible and intangible characteristics. Moreover, consumer choice modeling also provides a framework for assessing the environmental performance of laundry detergent brands as the model uses the information on components (physical attributes) of laundry detergents. Through a comprehensive evaluation of product performance, including brand tangible estimation, we shed light on the sustainability attributes of laundry detergents, offering a roadmap for consumers and manufacturers alike to make more informed, environmentally responsible choices of laundry detergents based on their physical attributes. Knowing the estimates of the attributes for the laundry detergent products, manufacturers can modify their physical attributes, e.g., decrease the amount of the detergent needed for one wash while increasing the total weight of the laundry powder in the package. In this way, more ecology- and consumer-friendly decisions can be made by manufacturers of laundry detergents.
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Slyva, Yuliia, and Oleksiy Verenikin. "DEVELOPMENT OF DETERGENT RECIPE WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS." Environmental Problems 5, no. 4 (2020): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2020.04.223.
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The research on the development of an innovative formula of a synthetic detergent with improved environmental properties, which meet the environmental standard of SOU OEM 08.002.12.065:2016 "Detergents and cleaning products. Environmental criteria for life cycle assessment" is carried out. The accumulated theoretical and practical experience is generalized, the general scheme of designing and development of new goods taking into account features of detergents with the improved ecological characteristics is created.
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Nia, Budi Puspitasari, Ika Rinawati Dyah, Suliantoro Hery, and Dwi Sutrisno Bayu. "The Effect of Green Purchase Intention Factors on The Environmental Friendly Detergent Product (Lerak)." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306007.
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Preference of influence of green purchase intention factor to environmentally friendly detergent product (lerak). Awareness of the current world community of the importance of environmental sustainability is increasing, this behaviour can be seen from the consumption patterns of people who start wanting environmentally friendly products. This condition makes many manufacturers adapt environmental problems in each of its products. Products that adapt to green product environmental issues can pave the way for manufacturers to enter eco-friendly markets as well as environmentally friendly detergents lerak. In this study using survey methods to determine the extent of influence of each factor to the intention of purchasing to environmentally friendly product. Factors studied are environmental concern, social influence, self-image, environmental knowledge, and perceived product price and quality against green purchase intention. From the results of this study found that all these factors have a significant influence on the green purchase intention of environmentally friendly detergent, but the most influential factor is the environmental knowledge which is the most important dimension and has the most significant influence on the intention of purchasing environmentally friendly detergent.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Detergent products"
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Bravo, Gutierrez Karen Nathalie, Tantahuillca Alessandra Muriel Chalco, Anaya Rubén Edmundo Gamarra, Huamán Rocío Del Pilar Quispe, and Guelac Elionnes Aldahir Vicente. "Detergente Ecológico Biosaqta." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651856.
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El presente proyecto se desarrolló con el objetivo de analizar la viabilidad de negocio en crear un detergente ecológico elaborado con insumos naturales, en donde se utiliza como principal materia prima la saqta, una raíz andina utilizada por los incas para el lavado de textiles. De esta manera, buscamos contribuir con la conservación del medio ambiente frente un escenario actual de degradación de los recursos naturales. Este modelo de negocio se dirige principalmente a personas interesadas en el cuidado del ambiente, basándonos en la situación actual del incremento de la cantidad de personas que tienden a adquirir productos eco amigables, que se reflejó en el concierge efectuado durante el desarrollo de la idea de negocio.
Actualmente llegamos al público objetivo a través de redes sociales, ferias ecológicas y ventas directas, en donde por medio de anuncios en plataformas digitales, demostraciones en las ferias y flyers publicitarios buscamos que el cliente conozca la saqta y sus propiedades para poder incentivar la venta y crear recordación de marca en nuestros clientes.
La conclusión a la que se llegó de este proyecto es que el modelo de negocio planteado tiene aceptación en el público objetivo y que, además, genera rentabilidad para los accionistas que se refleja en los estados de resultados.<br>The present project was developed with the objective of analyzing the business viability in creating an ecological detergent made with natural inputs, where saqta is used as the main raw material, an Andean root used by the Incas to wash textiles. In this way, we seek to contribute to the conservation of the environment against a current scenario of degradation of natural resources. This business model is mainly aimed at people interested in caring for the environment, based on the current situation of the increase in the number of people who tend to acquire eco-friendly products, which was reflected in the concierge made during the development of the idea of deal.
Currently we reach the target audience through social networks, ecological fairs and direct sales, where through advertisements on digital platforms, demonstrations at fairs and advertising flyers we seek that the client knows the saqta and its properties in order to encourage sales and create brand reminder in our customers.
The conclusion that came from this project is that the proposed business model has acceptance in the target audience and generates profitability for shareholders that is reflected in the income statements.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Betts, Mark Justin. "Hydroformylation of high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthol products for the production of detergent alcohols." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21830.
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Bibliography: p. 289-309.<br>The use of Synthol High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTF-T) products as an inexpensive and alternative hydroformylation feedstock for producing Oxo alcohols has been investigated. These alcohols are precursors for biodegradable detergents. The HTF-T product targeted as a feedstock source was Synthol Light Oil (SLO), in the C₈ to C₁₂ range. The aim of the work was to identify a suitable hydroformylation catalyst system for use with SLO feeds. Process variables such as feed composition, temperature, pressure and contact time were investigated. Emphasis was placed on the determination of feed-catalyst compatibility; the development of a "working" kinetic model on a batch micro-reactor scale; and extrapolation of the results to a continuous catalyst testing unit. An integral part of the work therefore involved characterization and quantification of these complex hydroformylation systems, as well as the development of methods to achieve this goal.
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Coomer, James. "Studies on I) Dry Matter and Nitrogen Disappearance of Six Soybean Protein Products In Situ and II) Contamination of In Situ Dry Matter and Nitrogen Disappearance with Acid Detergent Fiber." TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1923.
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In experiment I), dry matter disappearance (DMD) and nitrogen disappearance (ND) of raw soybeans (RAW), solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM), heat treated whole soybeans (HT), mechanically extracted soybean meal (MEX), dry extruded soybeans (DEX), and wet extruded soybeans (TEX), were studied in situ for times of 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of rumen exposure. Five gram, air dry, samples were suspended in the rumen of a lactating Holstein cow fed a total mixed ration twice daily. The percent DMD for 24 h was as follows: RAW-85.9; SBM-56.6; HT-39.0; MEX-40.2; DEX-28.0; TEX-43.3. The greatest DMD was observed with RAW and was greater than all others (P<.01), followed by SBM which was significantly greater than all but Raw (P<.01). DEX presented the lowest DMD when compared to all other (P<.01). Percent ND values for 24 h for the soy products were: RAW-90.8; SBM-47.0; HT-32.7; MEX-23.7; DEX-16.5; TEX-23.0. The ND for RAW was significantly greater (P<.01) than all others, while the ND for SBM was similar P>.01) to HT but greater (P<.01) than MEX, DEX and TEX. ND for HT, MEX, DEX and TEX were similar (P>.01). Significant differences were observed in DMD and ND of various soybean products. As expected a high degree of degradation and ND was observed with raw soybeans. The application of heat decreased DMD and ND in SBM and application of greater heat (HT, MEX and DEX) and application of heat with moisture (TEX) resulted in products with lower DMD and lower ND.
In experiment II) wheat straw acid detergent fiber (ADF) was subjected to in situ DMD and ND studies. Effects of time (612-24 h) and sample weight (1-2-3 grams) were evaluated. A lactating Holstein cow being fed a mixed ration was used. ADF dry matter (DM) weights (after incubation) expressed as a % of the original sample, were as follows: one gram: 101, 110 and 136; two grams: 99, 106 and 110; and three grams: 97, 110 and 114 for 6, 12 and 24 h respectively. The ADF DM weights of the one and two gram samples were significantly higher (P<.05) for 12 and 24 h than 6 h. When sample sizes were combined for each time, comparisons found 24 h to be significantly higher (P<.01) than 6 h. The DM changes were also reflected and magnified in the % N changes in the ADF residues. The amount of N of the one gram ADF samples increased 32% after 6 h, 122% after 12 h and 287% after 24 h (24>12>6-P<.01), and for two grams 29%-6 h, 97%-12 h and 117%-24 h (24>12>6-P<.05), and for three grams 34%-6 h, 140%-12 h and 142%-24 h (24 and 12>6-P<.01). Potential problems with DM and N contamination of ADF residue with in situ studies were demonstrated with small increases in DM weights and larger increases in N content.
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MIOTTO, Fabríca Rocha Chaves. "Farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu na produção de bovinos de corte." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1142.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-18<br>This study aimed to evaluate intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance (NB) of diets containing babassu mesocarp bran (BMB) in replacement of elephant grass silage (0, 21, 38, 62 and 78%). Twenty sheep were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Were collected and recorded food intake and excretion of feces and urine.
The intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ash, neutral detergent fibrous (NDF), acid detergent fibrous (ADF), hemicellulose and total
carbohydrates were not affected by experimental diets. Change was observed in the intakes of non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and reduced intake of ether extract (EE) as % of live weight (%LW) and grams per unit of metabolic weight (g/UMW). The total digestible nutrients TDN intake had a quadratic response with maximum points at 37.3
and 37.9% of BMB when expressed in % LW and g/UMW, respectively. The apparent digestibilities of OM, NDF, ADF, CP and NFC reduced to the extent that the BMB has increased in the diets. The digestibility of DM, EE, and NFC had a quadratic response, where the maximum digestibility of DM was estimated at 10% BMB. TDN decreased 0.28% for each percentage point of inclusion in the diets of BMB. The BMB use
reduces the fibrous fractions digestibility, but increases the NFC and TDN intake, indicating that this byproduct can be used as an energy source for ruminant diets. Note: Thesis w/seven chapters. Presented summary and abstract of the 2nd chapter<br>Objetivou-se avaliar consumo, digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e balanço de nitrogênio (BN) de dietas contendo farelo de mesocarpo de babaçu (FMB) em substituição à silagem de capim elefante (0; 21; 38; 62 e 78%). Utilizaram-se 20 ovinos alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetições. Foram coletados e registrados o consumo de alimentos e excreções de fezes e urina. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína brutua (PB), cinza, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose e carboidratos totais não foram influenciados pelas dietas experimentais. Foi observada alteração nos consumos de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e redução nos consumos de extrato etéreo (EE) em % do PV e em gramas por unidade de tamanho metabólico (g/UTM). O consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) teve comportamento quadrático com pontos de máximo em 37,3 e 37,9% de FMB expressos em %PV e g/UTM, respectivamente. As digestibilidades aparentes da MO, FDN, FDA, PB e CNF reduziram na medida em que o FMB aumentou nas dietas. A digestibilidade da MS, EE e CNF tiveram comportamento quadrático, em que a máxima digestibilidade da MS foi estimada com 10% de FMB. O NDT reduziu 0,28% para cada ponto percentual de inclusão de FMB nas dietas. O uso do FMB reduz a digestibilidade de frações fibrosas, contudo aumenta o consumo de CNF e o consumo de NDT, o que indica que esse subproduto pode ser utilizado como fonte energética para dietas de ruminantes. OBS: Tese c/ sete capítulos. Apresentado resumo e abstract do 2° capítulo.
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Landreat, Carol. "Glycosidation des pentoses sans solvant : application a la synthese de tensioactifs glycosidiques a partir de co-produits agricoles." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP212.
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Espinoza, Puente Luz Jaqueline, Chunga Wendy Yurema Mendoza, Castillo Javier Moisés Mucha, Falcon Junior Eduardo Samán, and Ueuten Kenji Yamakawa. "Detergente ecológico de bajo precio que tiene como ingrediente principal el aceite reciclado." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624172.
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El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo principal brindar un producto de calidad y precio accesible para la de limpieza y cuidado de la ropa en la familia.
En tal sentido, se ha desarrollado el proyecto empresarial Eco Wash sustentada bajo el concepto de precios bajos y contribución en reducción de la contaminación en medio ambiente.
Eco Wash es un nuevo concepto de detergente líquido, el cual está dirigido al público en general, que le dé la experiencia de no dañar sus prendas de vestir, ni manos, tenga un precio accesible y sea eco amigable. En cuanto, a este último punto, se está considerando usar como materia prima principal el aceite reciclado, para la elaboración del detergente, pues esta representa un peligro para el medio ambiente y tiene un bajo costo.
Finalmente, se ha detectado la necesidad de los consumidores y vemos que estamos frente a un mercado atractivo, que está dispuesto a comprar productos que satisfagan sus requerimientos y brinden valor agregado, cada vez que lavan sus prendas de vestir.<br>The main objective of this work is to provide a quality product and affordable price for the cleaning and care of clothes in the family.
In this regard, the Eco Wash business project has been developed under the concept of low prices and contribution to reducing pollution in the environment.
Eco Wash is a new concept of liquid detergent, which is aimed at the general public, which gives the experience of not damaging their clothing, hands, have an affordable price and be eco friendly. As for this last point, it is being considered as the main raw material the recycled oil, for the elaboration of the detergent, because it represents a danger for the environment and has a low cost.
Finally, we have detected the need of consumers and we see that we are facing an attractive market, which is willing to buy products that meet their requirements and provide added value, every time they wash their clothing.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Sanmiya, Inge Vibeke. "Consumer and producer opposition to the elimination of synthetic laundry detergents in Canada, 1947-1992." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ28654.pdf.
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Saal, Alvin. "Investigating the determinants of brand equity: a verification approach in the detergents industry in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80641.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2018.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Creating brand equity, that is, building a strong brand is a successful strategy for differentiating a product from competing brands (Aaker, 1991: 256). Brand equity provides sustainable competitive advantages, because it creates meaningful competitive barriers. Brand equity is developed through perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand associations, which cannot be either built or destroyed in the short run; but can be created only in the long run through carefully designed marketing investment.
This study aims to examine the practicality and application of a customer-based brand equity model, based on Aaker’s (1991: 256) well-known conceptual framework of brand equity.
The study investigates the causal relationships between the 4 dimensions of brand equity and brand equity itself. It specifically measured the way in which consumers’ perceptions of the dimensions of brand equity affected the overall brand equity evaluations. Data were collected from a sample of house-wives in South Africa.
The study concludes that brand loyalty and perceived quality is the most influential dimension of brand equity. Support was also found for the brand awareness and brand association dimensions. Implications for marketing managers and marketing planners are discussed.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die skep van handelsmerkekwiteit “brand equity”, wat die bou van sterk handelsmerke impliseer, is 'n suksesvolle strategie om 'n produk van mededingende produkte te onderskei (Aaker, 1991: 256). Handelsmerkekwiteit voorsien volgehoue mededingende voordele omrede dit betekenisvolle mededingende hindernisse skep. Dit is ontwikkel op grond van kwaliteitsherkenning, handlesmerklojaliteit, kwaliteitsbewustheid en kwaliteitsassosiasies. Handelsmerkekwiteit kan geskep word deur omsigtige bemarkingsinvestering.
Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die toepaslikheid en praktiese toepassing van 'n kliëntgebasseerde ekwiteitsmodel te ondersoek en is gebaseer op Aaker (1991: 256) se bekende konseptuele handelsmerk-ekwiteitsraamwerk.
Die studie ondersoek die kousale verwantskap tussen die vier handelsmerkekwiteitsdimensies en die algehele ekwiteitsevaluasie. Dit meet die wyse waarop die verbruiker se persepsie van die dimensies ekwiteit beïnvloed en die algehele ekwiteitsevaluasie. Data-insameling is gedoen onder huisvrouens in Suid-Afrika.
Die resultate bevestig dat handelsmerklojaliteitlojaliteit en kwaliteitherkenning die mees invloedryke dimensies van handelsmerekwiteit is. Ondersteuning is ook gevind vir die kwaliteitsbewustheid en assosiasie dimensies. Hiervolgens is implikasies vir bemarkingbestuurders en -beplanners geformuleer.
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Cavero, Brújula Sandra. "Competencia Estratégica entre Marcas Nacionales y Marcas de Detallista en el Mercado de Detergentes Domésticos. Teoría y Evidencia Empírica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7423.
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Fabricantes y detallistas pueden decidir permanecer separados verticalmente por motivos de eficiencia o estratégicos. Esta tesis se centra en analizar bajo qué circunstancias la decisión de integración vertical es más eficiente o más beneficiosa desde el punto de vista estratégico, en mercados en los que existe diferenciación horizontal o vertical entre detallistas. Se estudia el impacto de estas decisiones sobre los procesos de formación de precios y sobre la intensidad de la competencia entre detallistas en diferentes tipos de canales de distribución. Se presenta un análisis del efecto de las características del mercado final sobre las decisiones de fabricantes y detallistas acerca de la estructura contractual que dirige las relaciones entre ambos. Se plantean modelos de comportamiento de los agentes basados sobre la teoría de juegos que permiten proponer hipótesis de comportamiento de las empresas. Los resultados teóricos se contrastan empíricamente en el mercado de detergentes de Barcelona.<br>Manufacturers and retailers may choose to remain vertically separated either for strategic or for efficiency reasons. This doctoral dissertation focuses on analyzing under which circumstances the vertical integration decision is the most efficient or the most interesting from the strategic point of view. The impact of these vertical structure decisions on the processes of prices formation and on the strength of competition among retailing firms in the different types of channels of distribution is analyzed in a context in which vertical or horizontal differentiation among competing firms exists. The effect of the final market features on the agents' decisions about the contractual structure which regulates their vertical relationships is also performed. Each chapter presents a game theoretical model which represents the decision problems and constitutes the base for the formulation of hypotheses. The theoretical results are empirically tested in the laundry detergents market of Barcelona.
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Seiffert, Neumann Nicole Gabriela. "Análisis de ciclo de vida de la industria de detergente de lavado textil con estudio de caso empresa Envatec." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116867.
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Ingeniero Civil Industrial<br>La creciente conciencia por la protección ambiental ha generado la necesidad de desarrollar formas de medición que evidencien las alteraciones causadas por la actividad humana. En este contexto se enmarca este trabajo, el cual pretende caracterizar mediante la utilización de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), el impacto ambiental generado por el detergente de lavado textil. Para cumplir con este objetivo se analiza la huella causada por el ciclo de vida de los detergentes de las empresas Envatec, productora de la marca propia de Walmart, y Unilever.
Con el deseo de contextualizar a Chile frente a la realidad internacional, se realiza un benchmark de la normativa y los ACV realizados en otros países. Además de una regulación considerablemente más estricta, se halla que el mayor impacto del ciclo de vida se concentra en la etapa de uso, y en menor medida, durante la elaboración de las materias primas. Los resultados de este trabajo, sin embargo, arrojan resultados distintos. La diferencia radica en el consumo energético durante el proceso de lavado; los consumidores nacionales utilizan agua fría, mientras que en los otros países ésta se calienta.
Para la empresa Envatec se realiza un ACV de los productos en formato en polvo y líquido. Con un par de diferencias, ambos arrojan que la última etapa del ciclo de vida, el desecho, tiene asociado significativamente el mayor impacto, generando el 82% para el caso del polvo, y el 95% para el líquido. El impacto que resalta es ecotoxicidad, causada por el descarte del químico Nonilfenol Etoxilado utilizado en la formulación. Este químico, debido a su alta toxicidad para el ambiente, es fuente de análisis y regulación en el extranjero.
El caso de Unilever es distinto, asemejándose al resto de los ACV examinados. El mayor impacto de su producto en polvo está asociado a la etapa de elaboración y transporte de materias primas, generando el 39% del total. Le sigue la etapa de uso, la cual conlleva el 29% del impacto por conceptos de consumo hídrico.
Adicional a la evaluación de la huella actual de Envatec, se estudian escenarios de mitigación, donde se analizan cambios en materias primas, empaque y concentración del producto. Al considerar las medidas propuestas, se logra una reducción total de un 86% en el producto en polvo, y un 96% para el líquido.
Books on the topic "Detergent products"
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Babington, Mary F., Anna Docktor, Margaret K. Strekal, and Tonia P. Bell. Cleaning products. Freedonia Group, 2000.
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(Firm), Packaged Facts. The U.S. market for household cleaning products. Packaged Facts, 2005.
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Inc, Wardrop Engineering, and Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Industry Conservation Branch., eds. Guide to resource conservation and cost savings opportunities in the soap, detergents and related products sector. The Branch, 1998.
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Lehtonen, Markku. Criteria in environmental labelling: A comparative analysis of environmental criteria in selected labelling schemes. United Nations Environment Programme, 1997.
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(Firm), Knovel, ed. Formulating detergents and personal care products: A [complete] guide to product development. AOCS Press, 2000.
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Flick, Ernest W. Advanced cleaning product formulations. Noyes Publications/William Andrew Pub., LLC, 1999.
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Kikō, Nihon Bōeki Shinkō. Specifications, standards and testing methods for foodstuffs, implements, containers and packaging, toys, detergents. Japan External Trade Organization, 2009.
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Ltd, Mintel International Group, ed. Adult soft drinks: Clothes-washing detergents and laundry aids ; coffee ; household paper products ; stockings and tights ; take-home ice-cream. Mintel International, 2000.
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Javorcik, Beata K. Smarzynska. Openness and industrial responses in a Wal-Mart world: A case study of Mexican soaps, detergents and surfactant producers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
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Javorcik, Beata K. Smarzynska. Openness and industrial response in a Wal-Mmart world: A case study of Mexican soaps, detergents, and surfactant producers. World Bank, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Detergent products"
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de Groot, W. Herman. "Application of Sulphonates as Anionic Surfactants in Household Products." In Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7918-6_1.
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Myers, E. Gary. "Soap and Detergents." In Inedible Meat by-Products. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7933-1_7.
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Sayar, M. Salih. "Crude Protein Content and the Other Forage Quality Traits in Some Annual Plant Species From Different Families and Assessments with Biplot and Correlation Analysis." In Alternative Protein Sources. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359289.2.
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High-quality forage in livestock feeding will significantly enhance both the yield and quality of animal products. In this respect, it is crucial to know in advance the forage quality traits to make the right choice. Accordingly, the research was fulfilled to determine forage crude protein content and the other forage quality traits in some annual plant species from different families. According to the variance analysis, it was determined that there were statistically highly significant (P<0.01) differences between the species in terms of all the of the examined traits, and the examined traits were found to be in the following ranges; dry matter content (DMC) 15.67–26.97%, crude protein (CP) content 11.93–24.11%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content 29.54–46.488%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 38.30–62.89%, digestible dry matter (DDM) contents 52.33–65.89%, dry matter intake (DMI) 1.91–3.14%, metabolizable energy (ME) 7.67–10.27 MJ kg-1 DM, relative feed value (RFV) 77.5–160.2, calcium (Ca) content 6.72–18.72 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus (P) contents varied from 3.59–5.35 g kg-1 DM, magnesium (Mg) content 2.25–4.35 g kg-1 DM, potassium (K) content 28.58– 44.40 g kg-1 DM, Ca:P ratio 1.50–4.91 and K/(Ca+Mg) (tetany) ratio 1.34–3.94. Additionally, as a result of comparing the research results with the literature knowledge, it was understood that the Ca, P, Mg and K contents of the examined species were sufficient for the livestock needs. However, due to relatively higher-level K content and lower Ca and Mg contents, the tetany (K/(Ca+Mg) ratios of grasses species, Lolium multiflorum and Triticum aestivum, were found to be over the critical value (2.2) for grass tetany illness. Thus, when livestock intensively feed forages of the grass species, risk of getting grass tetany disease would be higher than the other species. On the other hand, the biplot analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between CP, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV traits, and legume family species, Lathyrus sativus, Trifolium nigrescens and Pisum sativum spp. arvense came to fore in terms of these five traits. These legume species with having higher level the most important forage quality traits, their forage quality was found quite better than the other species.
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Hout, Sam A. "Product Handling." In Manufacture of Quality Synthetic Detergents. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596219-10.
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Hout, Sam A. "Finished Product Quality." In Manufacture of Quality Synthetic Detergents. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596219-13.
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Coons, D., M. Dankowski, M. Diehl, et al. "Performance in Detergents, Cleaning Agents and Personal Care Products." In Surfactants in Consumer Products. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_5.
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de Groot, W. Herman. "Product Quality, Storage, Handling and Safety." In Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7918-6_6.
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Hout, Sam A. "Behavior of Product in the Market." In Manufacture of Quality Synthetic Detergents. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596219-14.
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Weinert, W. "The Use of Synthetic Detergents in Oral Hygiene Products — Effects on the Gingiva." In Skin Cleansing with Synthetic Detergents. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50146-3_6.
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Saka, Gunay. "Preservation and Storage of Food." In Food Safety. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358787.36.
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In order to meet their nutritional needs, people have developed methods to store food without spoiling since time immemorial. Today, different methods are being developed with new technologies. In this article, it is aimed to examine food preservation and storage methods and to make suggestions to consumers. The World Health Organisation states that safe food is the primary determinant of human health and access to safe, nutritious and healthy food is a basic human right. Unsafe food leads to infectious diseases and poisoning, creating a vicious cycle of disease, malnutrition and disability, especially affecting vulnerable groups. To ensure food safety, food should take measures to prevent contamination during storage, transport and delivery.The characteristics and types of foods are important in the processes to be applied to foods and in the selection of storage conditions. Food preservation is a behavioural strategy used to store food for future use. Food preservation involves different food processing steps to maintain food quality at the desired level in order to obtain maximum benefits and nutritional values. When deciding on food preservation methods to be applied at different stages of the food chain, the process should be analysed and the correct method should be determined according to the characteristics of the products. It is also necessary to know who will consume the food after storage. While determining the storage methods of foods, attention should be paid to the knowledge and behaviour of consumers. When selecting the method to be used in the storage of foods, care should be taken to ensure that the method has the ability to eliminate the spoilage factors and the method that will least affect the natural elements, flavour, smell, appearance and structure of the food. There are chemical, biological and physical methods for food preservation / storage. In addition to traditional methods such as boiling, pasteurisation, sterilisation, freezing, drying, fermenting, there are new technological methods such as freeze drying, irradiation, high pressure, High Electric Field Drying Method, smart packaging, controlled atmosphere. During storage, no packaged or unpackaged foodstuffs should come into contact with the floor. In food stocks, ""first in, first out principle"" should be followed. Cooked and raw products should not be together during cold storage. During storage, foods should be stored in closed boxes to preserve freshness. Purchased foods should be used first according to the order of purchase. There should be no pests, rodents and pets in the warehouses. Cleaning tools, detergents, etc. chemicals should not take place in these warehouses. Food should be stored in a way to prevent contact with any surface.
Conference papers on the topic "Detergent products"
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Venturini, Targ, and Nicholas Duncan. "The Chemical Cleaning of Boilers in Australia." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03589.
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Abstract This paper discusses the reasons for chemically cleaning a boiler at both the pre-operation (pre-commission) stage and the post-operation (post-commission) stage. The internal surfaces of a steam boiler can be chemically cleaned to remove contaminants which effect the efficiency of heat transfer and may ultimately result in failure of the plant. Contaminants may be present inside the boiler as a result of the manufacturing and installation of the boiler, process contamination, poor quality feedwater, poor maintenance or ineffective water treatment. The most common type of pre-operation cleaning conducted in Australia is a two-stage process involving alkaline detergent cleaning to remove oil and grease, and ammoniated citric acid cleaning to remove mill scale and corrosion products. The most common type of post-operation cleaning conducted in Australia is hydrochloric acid cleaning.
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Agarwal, D. C., and Michael Eckhardt. "Nickel Alloys and Newer Super-Austenitic Alloys Contributions in the CPI and Petrochemical Industries." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06233.
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Abstract In the CPI and petrochemical sectors basic raw materials, both organic and inorganic, are converted into products for use in other industries and/or direct use by consumers. The vast majority of chemicals are produced from a very limited number of simple chemicals which are derived from about ten raw materials. These are hydrocarbons (oil, natural gas, coal), minerals, rocks, salts, sulfur, phosphorus, air, water, inorganic acids and halogens. The first stage in the CPI/petrochemical industry is the conversion of the raw materials into base chemicals such as ethane, propane, butane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, synthesis gas, ammonia, methanol, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, chlorine plus some other compounds. In the second stage of chemical operation, various elements such as oxygen, chlorine, sulfur etc. are introduced in the base chemicals to form chemical intermediates, which could number in 100’s of chemical compounds such as acetic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and monomers like acrylonitrile, terephthalic acid etc. The third and final step consists of a series of operations to obtain consumer products such as plastics (PVC), synthetic fibers (polyesters, nylon-6), elastomers (polybutadiene), pesticides and insecticides, fertilizers(ammonium nitrate),vitamins, pharmaceuticals, detergents and others. In all these industrial operations, corrosion is an ever-present entity, 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Hence suitable materials of construction have to be selected to mitigate / minimize / control corrosion. Principal materials of construction typically are carbon & low alloy Cr-Mo steels, stainless steels (ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, precipitation hardened & duplex stainless steels), copper & aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, zirconium & titanium / titanium alloys. In very specific cases tantalum has also been used. Other corrosion mitigation technologies such as electrochemical protection (cathodic and anodic), non-metallics (polymers, ceramics), coatings and paints and use of inhibitor technology also play a major role in combating corrosion. This paper briefly describes the contributions and impact of various nickel alloy systems developed and in use during the last 100 years on the CPI and petrochemical industrial segments with comments as to what the future holds for the newer alloys developed in the last 20 years and the competition faced by these alloys in the new millennium. The impact of the newer super-austenitic alloys developed in the last few years is also discussed.
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Agarwal, D. C., and Helena Alves. "Applications of Alloy 59 (UNS N06059) and Alloy 31 (UNS N08031) in Mitigating Corrosion Problems in CPI and Petrochemical Industries." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07186.
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Abstract CPI & Petrochemicals constitute a huge, complex and highly diverse industry which forms an integral part of the US economy. It covers converting various raw materials (about 10 of them), the most important ones being organic in nature such as oil, natural gas and coal whilst others are inorganic in nature such as ores / elements taken from the earth (phosphates, sulfur, potash etc), air (nitrogen, oxygen) and water (chlorine, hydrogen). Conversion of these base materials produce about 300 different “intermediates” which then go into production of about 30.000 plus consumer products. The first stage in petrochemical industry is conversion of raw materials into base chemicals (such as syn-gas, ammonia, methanol etc.), lower alkenes such as ethane, propane, butadiene and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylenes. The second stage of petrochemical industry consists of various chemical operations with the aim of introducing various hetero-atoms (oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur etc) into the molecules of base chemicals. This leads to the formation of chemical “intermediates”, such as acetic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and monomers like acrylonitrile, terephthalic acid etc. The third and final step consists of a number of steps to produce consumer goods such as plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers, insecticides, fertilizers, vitamins, pharmaceuticals, detergents etc. Greater details on these are presented in open literature (1-4). Corrosion is an ever-present entity in all these three stages operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 365 days a year. Hence suitable materials of construction (MOC) have to be selected to mitigate / minimize / control corrosion. Principal materials of construction typically are carbon & low alloy Cr-Mo steels, standard stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, copper & aluminum alloys, nickel alloys &titanium. In specific cases zirconium and tantalum have also been used. Other corrosion mitigation technologies such as electrochemical protection, non-metallics, coatings and paints and use of inhibitor technology also play a major role in combating corrosion. This paper concentrates on presenting the metallurgy, corrosion resistance characteristics of two alloys and their many diverse applications in the industry. One of the alloy belongs to the high performance Ni-Cr-Mo alloy family, alloy 59 (UNS N06059) whereas the other belongs to the advanced high Cr 6% Mo alloy family, alloy 31 (UNS N08031).
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Kang, Namgyu, and Nishiya Kaito. "Kansei Analysis of Liquid Laundry Detergent Bottle's Shape and Packages Design." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001771.
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Nowadays, there are various bottles and packages of liquid laundry detergents in Japan. Many companies have tried to create not only more powerful detergency of the products but also the new value of design in the laundry detergent bottle and package. And our lifestyle is changing like an increasing nuclear family and single life and enjoying a shopping using the internet in recent. Since selecting a detergent might be linked depending on such lifestyle, we need to survey the relationship between the design of detergents such as a bottle shape or package and the user's lifestyle. Therefore, we focused on the shape of bottles and packages of liquid laundry detergents in this study. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the difference in impressions of the bottle's shapes and packages of laundry liquid detergent based on Kansei engineering.So, we have experimented with ten bottles and packages using the ranking evaluation method to clarify the relationship between participants' decision to want to use bottles and the following items; 1) Luxury feeling level, 2) Easiness level to grip, 3) Fit feeling level to the laundry space, 4) Easiness level to store the bottle up, 5) Fleeing level of detergency power, and 6)Preference level to want to use. As a result, the item of "Preference level to want to use" had a stronger relationship with the bottle's packages of liquid laundry detergents than the bottle's shapes concerned with the usability of liquid laundry detergents. Even though the handle helps grip the bottles, participants preferred these bottles that do not have any handles with a luxury feel. Moreover, for the "Preference level to want to use," the Kansei factors of the bottle's shape, such as "Luxury feeling level" and "Fit feeling level to the laundry space," are more critical than the Usability factors, such as "Easiness level to grip" and "Easiness level to store up." Also, in the bottle packages situation, the item "Preference level to want to use" had a more substantial relationship with the item of "Luxury feeling level" than "Fleeing level of detergency power." This "Preference level to want to use" and packages differ depending on the participants' lifestyle, such as 'living style' and 'number of washes clothes per week.' For example, the participants who live alone want to use the bottle with a luxury feeling and easy to store. In contrast, the participants who live with family want to use the bottle with a luxury feeling, which fits their laundry space. These participants who live with family showed a similar tendency as the number of washes increased. Moreover, there are different characteristics in evaluating liquid laundry detergent depending on each one's lifestyle. Also, these results mean we need to survey more the condition of laundry space in Japan to propose a new bottle package design as future work.
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Phaodee, Parichat, David Sabatini, and Jeffrey Harwell. "Advanced detergent formulation design by progressing from hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) to hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD)." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qwtm2212.
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Laundry detergent products generally contain 10-30% surfactants as active ingredients and detergency is an essential worldwide activity that the global market is anticipated to reach over $200 billion by 2027 (Research and Market, 2021). While the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) concept was initially utilized to design detergency formulations, it does not take into consideration important formulation variables (e.g., salinity, target soil, and temperature). Detergency formulation based on microemulsion phase behavior was then widely employed as an improved formulation design but is time-consuming. More importantly, optimal formulations (optimal salinity (S*) for ionic surfactants and phase inversion temperature for nonionic surfactants) varied widely depending on surfactant systems and the nature of the soil being cleaned. The hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) method advances the HLB approach by incorporating formulation variables and has been extensively utilized for microemulsion formation and more recently as a unifying detergency formulation design approach. HLD-based detergency results demonstrated that surfactant formulation approaching HLD of 0 (specifically, between -3 and 0) showed significant detergency improvement for oily and waxy soils with widely varying equivalent alkane carbon numbers (EACNs). Thus, the HLD approach is recommended as a unifying approach for designing effective detergency formulations for a range of surfactant systems and soils.
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Kundari, Noor Anis, Sugili Putra, and Umi Mukaromah. "Biochemical process of low level radioactive liquid simulation waste containing detergent." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938288.
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Filin, S. A., V. E. Rogalin, and I. A. Kaplunov. "Creation of aerosolized detergent compositions with protecting properties for cleaning high-precision metal products." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH WORKSHOP ON METALLIZATION AND INTERCONNECTION FOR CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106042.
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Fatriansyah, Jaka Fajar, Anisa Rahmania Putri, Fernanda Hartoyo, Agrin Febrian Pradana, and Andrian Fauzi. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) score prediction using deep learning on detergent plastic packing products." In INTELLIGENT BIOTECHNOLOGIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES: XIV Narochanskie Readings. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0179523.
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Piët, M. P. J., S. Chin, A. M. Prince, and B. Horowitz. "INACTIVATION OF VIRUSES IN PLASMA ON TREATMENT WITH TRI(N-BUTYL) PHOSPHATE (TNBP) DETERGENT MIXTURES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644149.
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Treatment of plasma with organic solvent/ detergent mixtures at the time of plasma collection or plasma pooling could reduce the exposure of technical staff to infectious virus and enhance the viral safety of final product. Treatment of plasma for 4 hours with 2% TNBP at 37°C or with 1% TNBP and 1% Tween 80 or Triton X-45 at 30°C resulted in the rapid and complete inactivation of ≥104 tissueculture infectious doses (TCID-50) ofvesicularstomatitis and Sindbis viruses, used as surrogates. TNBP and TNBP/Tween treatment of plasma was shown to inactivate ≥104 TCID-50 of human immunodeficiency virus. TNBPtreatment of plasma contaminated with 106 chimpanzee infectious doses (CID-50) of HBV and 105 CID-50 of NANBHV prevented the transmission of hepatitisto chimpanzees through 6 months follow-up.Immediately following treatment with 2% TNBP, the recovery of AHF, factor IX, factor V, and antithrombin IIIwas 75%,90%, 65% and 100%,respectively. A ⊕90% recovery of AHF was observed with TNBP/detergent mixtures. Treated plasma was fractionated intoAHF and prothrombin complex concentrates, immune globulin, and albumin by published techniques. Prior treatmentwithTNBP or TNBP and detergent did not affect the separations of desired proteins. Therefore, it appears possible to inactivate viruses in plasma prior to execution of standard fractionation procedures. If desirable, products prepared from TNBP-treated plasmacan be subjected to additional procedures to further insure virus safety.
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Horowtz, M. S., M. W. Hilgartner, R. A. Lipton, C. Rooks, and B. Horowitz. "VIRAL SAFETY OF SOLVENT/DETERGENT-TREATED AHF IN PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644151.
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The safety of an Antihemophilic Factor concentrate (Factor VIII-SD) treated with the organic solvent tri(n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and sodium cholate is being assessed with respect to transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (NANBHV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). TNBP/cholate treatment has been previously shown to inactivate at least 10,000 infectious doses each of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and NANBHV using a chimpanzee model, and 30,000 tissue culture infectious doses of HIV.Patients enrolled in the study have had no previous exposure to blood products made from plasma pools, although some have received small quantities of single-donor products. They have normal alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels and no markers of prior HIV infection and have all been vaccinated against HBV. Each has been treated, as required, with an individual lot of Factor VIII-SD prepared at the New York Blood Center by an FDA-licensed procedure. ALT levels and HIV antibody have been monitored bi-weekly for two months and monthly until the end of six months. Seven patients who have received 475 -20,000 units of AHF(total units 38,255, median dose ∽3400 units) have been followed for at least three months. There has been no indication in these patients ofinfection with either NANBHV or HIV. An eighth patient who had an elevatedALT level prior to enrollment was followed for HIV antibody only. He remains HIV antibody negative through fivemonths of follow-up. Six additional patients have entered the study, but have not yet required treatment or have been followed for only a short time. These results suggest that the risk of virus infection associated with the use of AHF concentrates is significantly diminished by solvent/detergenttreatment.
Reports on the topic "Detergent products"
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Javorcik, Beata Smarzynska, Wolfgang Keller, and James Tybout. Openness and Industrial Responses in a Wal-Mart World: A Case Study of Mexican Soaps, Detergents and Surfactant Producers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12457.
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Baires, Sara Oneida, and Arline Carolina Carballo Henríquez. Caracterización de placas de concreto incorporando polímero reciclado PET (2020). Universidad Gerardo Barrios, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.70097/rep-2020-005.
Full textAbstract:
Debido a la alta utilización de materiales plásticos para productos de consumo diario, en El Salvador se generan 3,676 toneladas diarias de residuos sólidos, únicamente dispuesto a reciclaje el 5% y del cual el 22.21% aproximadamente [1] es plástico, entre los que figuran desechables de un solo uso, de baja densidad y de alta densidad [2]. La disposición final del plástico es un reto, en ese sentido se plantea la incorporación del polímero reciclado PET en un sistema constructivo ya conocido como lo son las placas de concreto, verificando y garantizando el comportamiento de las mismas que cumplan con los requerimientos de una placa de concreto estándar. Esta es una alternativa para incorporar estos residuos de plásticos utilizados en la elaboración de botellas de agua, refrescos y otras bebidas, recipientes de detergentes y otros productos para la limpieza utilizadas por la población salvadoreña. Este proyecto se enmarcó en la línea de investigación que desarrolla la Universidad Gerardo Barrios en temas de innovación de la construcción, contribuyendo a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), específicamente al ODS 11: Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles. [3]. Específicamente este trabajo contempla la caracterización de placas de concreto incorporando polímero reciclado PET en la elaboración, realizando pruebas de laboratorio de resistencia al desgaste, a la compresión, a la flexión, ensayo estándar para la absorción, densidad, contenido de humedad y ensayo a la temperatura para conocer a detalle las propiedades mecánicas y físicas en el funcionamiento del desarrollo de este sistema de la placa de concreto incluyendo el polímero. La obtención de los diferentes ensayos mencionados anteriormente, nos aportan la información para la categorización de los elementos dentro de la mezcla de concreto utilizando polímero reciclado, garantizando la calidad de las mismas y la implementación como material de construcción para los salvadoreños.