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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Determinants and dynamics of infectious diseases'

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1

Eames, K. "Dynamics of infectious diseases on mixing networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598725.

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This thesis describes the development of models designed to capture the dynamics of infections taking place within mixing networks. These models, formulated as systems of differential equations using pair-wise moment closure techniques, are investigated for a wide variety of situations and shown to be highly flexible and often very different from traditional approaches. When compared to full stochastic simulations on computer-generated networks they are remarkably accurate, giving excellent agreement both to the initial growth and the equilibrium behaviour of epidemics. The models are used to
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2

Okonna, Ime Udo. "Time-delayed models of infectious diseases dynamics." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/73551/.

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This research work is on time-delayed models of infectious diseases dynamics. The dynamics of infectious diseases are studied in the presence of time delays representing temporary immunity or latency. We have designed and analysed time-delayed models with various parameters to simulate disease dynamics, in a view to gaining insight into the behaviour of a population in the presence of infectious diseases, and the reaction of the population to changes in the management procedure of such infections.
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3

Gupta, Sunetra. "Heterogeneity and the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309107.

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4

Russell, Colin Andrew. "Dynamics of acute infectious diseases in heterogeneous environments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614196.

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5

Rudd, Matthew Francis, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Virulence determinants of infectious bursal disease virus." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.103742.

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The very virulent (vv) pathotype of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has spread rapidly throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Although Australia is currently unaffected, there remains the potential for incursion of an exotic isolate. The aim of this study was to identify putative virulence determinants of IBDV to facilitate the development of improved diagnostic assays for detection and characterisation of vvIBDV isolates. Sequencing of Indonesian vvIBDV Tasik94 revealed a unique substitution [ A¨S222] in the hypervariable region (HVR) of viral protein (VP) VP2, which did not a
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6

Song, Wei Ash, and 宋威. "Demographic determinants of risk perception of newly emerging respiratory infectious diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46941617.

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7

Gaythorpe, Katherine. "The impact of natural disasters on the dynamics of infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681058.

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Over the course of this thesis we will build and develop a model for the dynamics of an environmentally transmitted disease such as cholera. We will also develop methods to analyse and understand that model. The dynamics of a disease in a heterogeneous developing world city have not yet been fully explored, particularly when those dynamics are affected by a natural disaster. Yet, natural disasters such as floods alter infrastructure and population characteristics in a manner that affects disease transmission. Therefore, we shall address this omission from the literature. We will also develop a
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8

Wilson, David. "The mathematical modelling of the cellular dynamics of human infectious diseases." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37155/8/David%20Wilson%20Thesis.pdf.

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9

Gabel, Michael [Verfasser], and Ursula [Akademischer Betreuer] Kummer. "Quantifying CD8+ T cell dynamics in infectious diseases / Michael Gabel ; Betreuer: Ursula Kummer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177251787/34.

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10

O'Connor, Daniel. "Genetics determinants of vaccine responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e529d46-4a1a-423e-87e1-eaee8977791d.

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Vaccines have had a profound influence on human health with no other health intervention rivalling their impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious disease. However, the magnitude and persistence of vaccine immunity varies considerably between individuals, a phenomenon that is not well understood. Recent studies have used contemporary technologies to correlate variations in the genome and transcriptome to complex phenotypic traits, and these approaches have started to provide fresh insight into the intrinsic factors determining the generation and persistence of vaccine-in
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11

Alkaitis, Matthew S. "Biochemical determinants of nitric oxide synthesis in severe malaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dde50b9c-fea1-432a-8c5f-35e97e641061.

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Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) signalling may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe malaria. This thesis examines the impact of Plasmodium infection on three key determinants of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) biochemistry: substrate availability, substrate/inhibitor homeostasis and cofactor availability. Arginine, the NOS substrate, is depleted in human patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. Using heavy isotope tracer infusions to quantify arginine metabolism in infected mice, we found no evidence of increased catabolism by the enzyme argina
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12

Godfrey, Elinor. "Social and environmental determinants of changing distribution and incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in Western Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd0a7241-b85f-4d49-abe4-a5ec4057c96e.

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In Western Europe the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased over the last 30 years, coupled with changes in distribution. Modifications in the TBE enzootic cycle, through a combination of changes in temperature, vertebrate abundance and habitat suitability may have increased the risk of TBE in recent years. In Switzerland, analysis using satellite-derived climate data demonstrated that the environment of areas with TBE since the 1980s and areas that recently became endemic for TBE have become more similar between 2001 and 2009. This was coupled with an increase in April, May
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13

Earnhart, Christopher G. "Dynamics of the host-parasite interaction: in vitro correlates of Crassostrea-induced modulation of Perkinsus marinus function." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616637.

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Perkinsus marinus is an alveolate protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) which is responsible for much of the decline in United States oyster populations. Perkinsus marinus can be cultured in vitro, but is rapidly attenuated in the process. Supplementation of a protein-free medium with oyster products altered proliferation, changed protease expression in the parasite extracellular products (ECP), induced morphological forms typically seen in vivo, and partially reversed parasite attenuation. Supplements derived from dissected oyster tissues were used to determine if
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14

Cavanagh, Rachel. "Interactions between population dynamics, body condition and infectious diseases (cowpox virus and Mycobacterium microti) of wild rodents." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250372.

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15

Jones, Darbi Rae. "The Effect of Vaccination and Host Genetics on Transmission Dynamics of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus and Flavobacterium Psychrophilum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1582642565.

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Globally, infectious diseases are responsible for major conservation and economic losses in wild and farmed fish populations. Prevention tools, including vaccination and breeding for genetic disease resistance, are used in many systems to prevent mortality by such diseases. Studies are often done to evaluate the efficacy of a preventative method at reducing disease, but the impact on transmission is rarely studied. Protection under diverse field conditions, such as variable pathogen exposure dosages, is also not fully understood. Furthermore, there is little information on how preventative met
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16

Cuny, Gérard. "Les crises épidémiques de l'empire romain, 27 av. J.-C. - 476 ap. J.-C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MON30036.

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De nombreuses sources attestent d’épidémies, et divers récits font référence à des « pestes », noms génériques pour désigner de graves maladies infectieuses épidémiques qui ont marqué l’Empire Romain. Les récits qui nous sont parvenus ne donnent pas ou très rarement des indications sur l’épidémiologie, les symptômes, les signes ou l’évolution des maladies responsables, mais à défaut de pouvoir poser un diagnostic précis il parait plausible, compte-tenu de nos connaissances actuelles, d’avancer des hypothèses sur leur nature. Pour chaque épidémie, l’identification des agents pathogènes potentie
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17

Ramamoorthy, Divya. "Design of Novel Inhibitors for Infectious Diseases using Structure-based Drug Design: Virtual Screening, Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4393.

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The main aim of the study in this thesis was to use structure-based protocols to design new drugs for enzymes, DXS and DXR in the non mevalonate pathway. Another aim of this study was to identify the dimer interface in E.coli FabH as an allosteric binding site for designing new class of anti-infective drugs. We have attempted to identify potential inhibitors for DXS by docking the NCI Diversity set compounds, compound libraries available from GSK-MMV and St. Jude's Children's research center. FabH dimer interface has been identified as a potential target using SiteMap, Alanine mutagenesis and
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18

Neal, Aaron T. "Identifying genetic determinants of impaired PfEMP1 export in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0cc3f09c-9178-448b-92f8-8f9564398585.

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The virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is largely attributed to the ability of asexual blood-stage parasites to cytoadhere to the microvascular endothelium of the human host. This pathogenic behavior is mediated by the primary parasite virulence factor P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), an understanding of which is crucial to develop interventions to ameliorate the morbidity and mortality of P. falciparum malaria. The work presented in this thesis describes the application of a phenotype-to-genotype experimental approach to identify novel parasite proteins involved in the t
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19

Athri, Prashanth. "Application of Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Methodologies Towards the Rational Design of Drugs Against Infectious Diseases." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/20.

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Computer-aided drug discovery involves the application of computer science and programming to solve chemical and biological problems. Specifically, the QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships) methodology is used in drug development to provide a rational basis of drug synthesis, rather than a trial and error approach. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies focus on investigating the details of drug-target interactions to elucidate various biophysical characteristics of interest. Infectious diseases like Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (TBR) and P. falciparum (malaria) are responsible for m
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20

Rosenbloom, Daniel Scholes. "Dynamics of infection, mutation, and eradication, in HIV and other evolving populations." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10791.

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This work uses mathematical models of evolutionary dynamics to address clinical questions about HIV treatment, public health questions about vaccination, and theoretical questions about evolution of high mutation rates.
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21

Moreno, Torres Karla Irazema. "The Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Infectious Disease Dynamics: A One Health Approach." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460896947.

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22

O'Bryan, Joel M. "Telomere Length Dynamics in Human T Cells: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/568.

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Telomere length has been shown to be a critical determinant of T cell replicative capacity and in vivo persistence in humans. We evaluated telomere lengths in virus-specific T cells to understand how they may both shape and be changed by the maintenance of memory T cells during a subsequent virus re-infection or reactivation. We used longitudinal peripheral blood samples from healthy donors and samples from a long-term HCV clinical interferon therapy trial to test our hypotheses. To assess T cell telomere lengths, I developed novel modifications to the flow cytometry fluorescence in situ hybri
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23

Rosà, Roberto. "The importance of aggregation in the dynamics of host-parasite interaction in wildlife : a mathematical approach." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/50.

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This study examines, from a modelling point of view, the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife caused by macroparasites and by tick-borne infections. The overall aim was to investigate the important role played by parasite aggregation in the dynamics of both systems. For macroparasites we first developed some deterministic models that incorporate explicit mechanisms for generating aggregation in parasite distribution, specifically multiple infections and host heterogeneity. We explored the role of aggregation in host regulation and in determining a threshold value for parasite establishm
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24

Sundqvist, Martin. "Antibiotic Resistance and Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Relation to a Large Scale Antibiotic Consumption Intervention." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112190.

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Antibiotic resistance challenges the practice and development of modern medicine. The aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that antibiotic resistance is reversible once the selection pressure of an antibiotic is removed. A decisive reduction (85%) in trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole over 24 months in Kronoberg County, Sweden, is described. The resistance baseline prior to the intervention and the effects of the intervention on resistance levels, trimethoprim resistance genes (dfr-genes) and population structure in Escherichia coli were studied. The effects of different a
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25

Lourenço, José. "Unifying the epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary dynamics of Dengue." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb4db8dd-5467-4c6e-8d3e-3e0fe738bc0a.

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In under 6 decades dengue has emerged from South East Asia to become the most widespread arbovirus affecting human populations. Recent dramatic increases in epidemic dengue fever have mainly been attributed to factors such as vector expansion and ongoing ecological, climate and socio-demographic changes. The failure to control the virus in endemic regions and prevent global spread of its mosquito vectors and genetic variants, underlines the urgency to reassess previous research methods, hypotheses and empirical observations. This thesis comprises a set of studies that integrate currently negle
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26

Ramirez, Ramirez Lilia Leticia. "On the dynamics of infectious diseases in non-homogeneous populations." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4054.

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The principal motivations for studying epidemics and their dynamics are understanding the biological characteristics of the epidemic agents and reducing the economical and social costs originating from epidemic outbreaks. The most commonly used epidemic models have important assumptions such as the law of mass action, and the latent and infectious periods being exponentially distributed with xed parameters. Under this kind of suppositions the models are analyzed with well known algorithms as the Euler and Euler-Maruyama, and methodology and results from the theory of Markovian processes. How
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27

"Structural and Biophysical Studies of Pathological Determinants in Cancer and Infectious Diseases." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62824.

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abstract: This work advances structural and biophysical studies of three proteins important in disease. First protein of interest is the Francisella tularensis outer membrane protein A (FopA), which is a virulence determinant of tularemia. This work describes recombinant expression in Escherichia coli and successful purification of membrane translocated FopA. The purified protein was dimeric as shown by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, with an abundance of β-strands based on circular dichroism spectroscopy. SAXS data supports the prese
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28

Kgasago, Tshepo Matenatena Blessings. "Modelling the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases with vaccination and temporary immunity." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/347.

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Thesis (M.Sc.) (Applied Mathematics) --University of Limpopo, 2008.<br>In this dissertation, two non-linear mathematical models are proposed and analyzed to investigate the spread of infectious diseases in a variable size population through horizontal transmission in the presence of preventive or therapeutic vaccines which are capable of inducing temporary immunity and wane in time. In modeling the transmission dynamics, the population is divided into three subclasses namely; Susceptibles, Infectives and Vaccinated groups. It is assumed that both Vaccinated and Susceptible individuals are recr
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29

"On the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases in Modern Landscapes: Urban Settings and Drug Resistance." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24917.

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abstract: Extraordinary medical advances have led to significant reductions in the burden of infectious diseases in humans. However, infectious diseases still account for more than 13 million annual deaths. This large burden is partly due to some pathogens having found suitable conditions to emerge and spread in denser and more connected host populations, and others having evolved to escape the pressures imposed by the rampant use of antimicrobials. It is then critical to improve our understanding of how diseases spread in these modern landscapes, characterized by new host population structure
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30

"Understanding the Impact of Social Factors on the Transmission Dynamics of Infectious Diseases Across Highly Heterogeneous Risk Environments." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49368.

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abstract: This dissertation explores the impact of environmental dependent risk on disease dynamics within a Lagrangian modeling perspective; where the identity (defined by place of residency) of individuals is preserved throughout the epidemic process. In Chapter Three, the impact of individuals who refuse to be vaccinated is explored. MMR vaccination and birth rate data from the State of California are used to determine the impact of the anti-vaccine movement on the dynamics of growth of the anti-vaccine sub-population. Dissertation results suggest that under realistic California social dyna
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31

Alakesh. "Delineating the dynamics of neutrophil response in multiple inflammatory stimuli and its consequences." Thesis, 2023. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6141.

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In this thesis, we investigate the regulation of neutrophils, an important component of the immune system, and its implications on inflammation and pathological conditions. We use biomaterial implants to induce chronic sterile inflammation in mice and examine the effects on neutrophil production rates, maturation times, and lifespan in various tissue compartments. We demonstrate that in case where inflammation leads to emergency granulopoiesis (EG), we observe increased neutrophils progenitors, reduced maturation time in the bone marrow, reduced lifespan in circulation, and prolonged residence
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32

Ogut, Hamdi. "Biological and mathematical modeling of dynamics of furunculosis in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32662.

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A series of experiments with Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were carried out to determine dynamics of the spread of infection in chinook salmon (1.2-1.98g) and rainbow trout (1.2-3.1g). It was found in experiments with A. salmonicida that fish infected by bath immersion became infectious at 4 days postexposure (dpe), one day prior to dying from furunculosis. In cohabitation experiments with a single infected fish donor, an average of 75% disease specific mortality was obtained. There was suggestive evidence that there is a positive relationship between
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