Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déterminants environnementaux'
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Carpentier, Philippe. "Les déterminants cognitifs, génétiques et environnementaux du rendement scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69445.
Full textPace, Marion. "L'enfant autiste : déterminants physiologiques et environnementaux de sa condition physique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS022/document.
Full textAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments, with abnormal repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Cardio-respiratory, motor and autonomic disorders are found on autistic children and may limit them in a physical effort. This work has been done to evaluate the physical condition of children with autism compared to control children. Forty boys aged from 8 to 13 had participated in the study: 20 control children (CONT: 10.0±1.6 years) and 20 children with autism (AUT: 10.7±1.3 years; IQ> 70). A maximal effort on treadmill had measured the maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2max). The autonomic nervous system had been assessed by heart rate variability on an orthostatic test and nocturnal recordings. Motor abilities had been determined by using three batteries of additional motor tests (EUROFIT, M-ABC and PANESS). Sleep and physical activity had been collected by actigraphy and questionnaires, and linked with physical fitness. After the maximal effort, the result of this test had shown that autistic children had lower VO2pic values and shorter exercise duration. Evaluations of the autonomic nervous system also showed greater heart rate variability in autism, including a parasympathetic tone significantly higher compared to controls. The motor tests showed significant impairments in autism compared to controls on all motor skills and especially on static balance, dynamic balance and muscle strength. Finally, children with autism had lower physical activity level than control while sleep indices are similar between the two groups. Then, these results show specificities in the physical fitness for autism children that might limit them in a physical exercise. However, in our study, all children had shown an ability to perform a maximal exercise test. Autistic children seemed to be more limited to maintain this effort by the autistic features (motivation, restricted interests ...) that would lead to limit physical engagement. By this test, we may advance that children with autism may have barriers which must be lifted to adapt physical activity to their needs and abilities and then promote their integration
Marangon, Karine. "Marqueurs biologiques de l'oxydation des lipoprotéines : déterminants environnementaux et génétiques." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN12156.
Full textBarthélémy, Laure. "La relation citadin - eau et les déterminants des comportements pro-environnementaux." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H059.
Full textThere is an emergency for sustainable development issues and questions around water are among most sensitive, symbolizing the problematic Individual-Collective articulation. We used the ecological approach of Environmental psychology and a method of investigation applied to 2 cities in France to study the Urban-Water relationship and the determining factors of the behaviors (of consumption and economy). The results show that water consumption behaviors (of consumption and economy). The results show that water consumption behaviors are sensitive to the town of residence and the characteristics of the home. The behaviors of savings in water are insensitive to these effects but are on the other hand largely dependent on the personal normative beliefs, the link Self/Others becoming particularly strong in the inaction. The behaviors of saving in water are also related to a specific cognitive process: the diagnostic of a depletion of the quantity of water with time. This environmental diagnostic is itself in bond with the specific beliefs in the preservation of the environment like condition of progress. This belief is closely related to the ecocentric attitude, itself determining environmental concern, which doesn't seems to be a factor of influence on pro-environmental behaviors. The values and the beliefs required to the instauration of pro-environmental behaviors are Transparency, Affrodances, and Environmentql Diagnostic to transcribe at the behavioral level what is in place at the attitudinal one
Herbeth, Bernard. "Statut en vitamines de différents groupes de population déterminants biologiques et environnementaux." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0340_HERBETH.pdf.
Full textFlamand, Claude. "Etude des déterminants climatiques et environnementaux de la dengue en Guyane française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS256.
Full textDengue is the most prioritized infectious disease in French Guiana with an intense mobilization of public health authorities. In this context, the improvement of knowledge on the climatic, environmental and demographic determinants of dengue transmission is a necessary condition to the development of epidemic prediction model for the planning of control activities at each level of organization of the territory. This thesis had two objectives: i) assess the effect of climatic and environmental factors on dengue spread; ii) develop prediction models of epidemic to anticipate and plan prevention and control activities. We used complementary statistical, data mining and modeling tools to show that climatic and environmental factors interplay with dengue incidence differently at different territory scales. A predictive model with a good performance was developped considering the whole territory of French Guiana. This model indicates that a dengue epidemic is likely to occur in 2016
Dionne, Isabelle. "Déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de la dépense et de l'équilibre énergétiques chez l'humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/NQ43062.pdf.
Full textSaulnier, Pierre-Jean. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et environnementaux des complications du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1403/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health issue because of vascular and renal complications, which are complex diseases with interaction between genetic and environmental determinants.The objective of this work was to study these determinants in three independent populations of T2D patients by coupling cross-sectional (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) and longitudinal studies (SURDIAGENE and DIABHYCAR). Through a candidate-gene approach, we first focused on the natriuretic peptides system, NPR3 gene and sodium intake and then on the metabolic pathway of sex hormones, CYP19A1 gene (coding for aromatase) and sex steroid levels.Our first results showed that NPR3 rs2270915 G Allele was associated with high blood pressure (BP) and a reduced salt-sensitivity of BP. However, this SNP was not associated with any significant risk of cardio-vascular events (CVE) or death, at variance with rs6889608. Ultimately, CVE-free survival was impacted by salt intake with a reduced risk of morbi-mortality in those patients having the greatest intake, though a higher BP.In our second study, we confirmed that male gender was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also for the occurrence of CVE. In men, we showed higher levels of estradiol (E2) associated with a higher prevalence of ND but without any significant increase in renal or CVE during follow-up. CYP19A1 variants were not associated with either E2 levels or the prevalence of ND. However, 2 SNPs tested, were significantly associated with the occurrence of end stage renal failure. Altogether, we have identified 2 different metabolic ways contributing to the genetic determinants of complications associated with T2D including a gene-environment interaction
Khiar-Berrahmoune, Hind. "Les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de phénotypes intermédiaires de l'inflammation dans la cohorte STANISLAS." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12505.
Full textDahirel, Maxime. "Déterminants individuels et environnementaux de la dispersion chez une espèce hermaphrodite, l'escargot Cornu aspersum." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S068/document.
Full textDispersal behaviours, i.e. movements leading to gene flow in space, play a key role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. Terrestrial gastropods are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have an extremely high cost of locomotion, a seldom studied combination of traits which makes them very valuable to investigate the links between dispersal and other life-History traits. During this project, we investigated (i) the complex relationships and trade-Offs between dispersal behaviour, growth, male and female reproduction in the anthropophilous brown garden snail Cornu aspersum, (ii) how its dispersal and exploration vary as a function of competition and environmental heterogeneity, (iii) how dispersal ability coevolved with other traits at the interspecific level. This snail presents a male-Biased subadult phase of varying duration before reaching adulthood and hermaphroditism. Dispersal behavior was mostly expressed during this subadult stage, and its decrease in adults was linked to investment in the female function. Brown garden snail dispersal is highly density-Dependant: snails leave crowded sites and settle readily in low-Density patches, a strategy that facilitates colonization and persistence in spatio-Temporally variable environments. Their movement propensity increases in urban, fragmented habitats, despite the higher costs of movement. At the interspecific level, dispersal and ecological generalism are linked in a dispersal syndrome, which makes specialist species doubly vulnerable, but increases success odds of generalists in heterogeneous landscapes . This combination of traits is likely to have played a major role in the successful worldwide colonization of many anthropogenic landscapes by this species
Descamps, Elodie. "Greigite et magnétite : les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques contrôlant la biominéralisation chez les bactéries magnétotactiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0057/document.
Full textMagnetotactic bacteria represent a phylogenetically and ecologically diverse group of prokaryotes able to biomineralize magnetic nanocrystals composed of magnetite [an iron oxide (Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4)] or greigite [an iron sulfide (Fe(II)Fe(III)2S4)] in their magnetosomes, a prokaryotic organelle whose cytoplasmic alignement in chain allows the cell to navigate along the Earth’s magnetic field lines. Until recently, only magnetite-producing strains were available in pure culture. Thus, only the magnetite biomineralization has been studied. In 2011, a new bacterium able to form both magnetite and greigite, Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, was isolated from Death Valley, California and cultivated in pure culture. In this work, we propose to use an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to understand the mechanisms involved in greigite biomineralization in BW-1 strain. First, we determined the environmental and biological conditions in which magnetite and greigite are formed. This first part of my thesis also contributed to the physiologic and phylogenetic characterization of this bacterium. Secondly, we used global and targeted transcriptomic approaches to evaluate the transcription levels of genes putatively involved in magnetosomes formation (magnetite vs. greigite) under various growth conditions. A proteomic approach provided additional informations to this study.Results obtained during my thesis contribute to the understanding of in vivo biomineralization, particularly for greigite production in magnetotactic bacteria
Jaconelli, Alban. "Identification des déterminants dispositionnels, cognitifs et environnementaux de l’âge subjectif lors de l’avancée en âge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS017/document.
Full textGiven the exponential increase in the number of people aged 60 and more, the identification of the factors associated with the reduction of chronic disease risk and the maintenance of quality of life with advancing age is a major public health concern. Evidence accumulates about the implications of subjective age, i.e., how old a person perceives him-/herself, for older individual’s global functioning and mortality risk. Therefore, it appears crucial to identify the factors contributing to individuals’ tendency to feel younger or older than their chronological age, i.e., a younger or older subjective age. Although this question has stimulated a great deal of research, the present doctoral dissertation aimed to expand existing knowledge on the contribution of dispositional, cognitive and environmental factors on subjective age. Building upon a five studies research program, this work revealed a stronger role of personality on subjective age with advancing age (study 1), whereas cognitive functioning is not reflected in this dimension (study 2), this result being completed by the finding of a younger subjective age among Alzheimer disease patients comparable to healthy older adults (study 3). In addition, this research reveals that downward social comparison, leading to a contrast with same-aged peers, induces an increased younger subjective age when it occurs in the physical domain but is ineffective in the cognitive domain (study 4), whereas the assimilation to same-aged peers, illustrated by increase of age-group identification, do not translate into a reduced younger subjective age in the physical domain (study 5). Thus, this doctoral dissertation contributes to existing literature and revealed that subjective age reflects in part psychological and environmental factors
Ponthieux, Anne. "Déterminants génétiques et environnementaux de molécules d'adhésion impliquées dans l'athérosclérose : les sélectines et ICAM-1." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN12516.
Full textLapidus, Nathanaël. "Etude des déterminants individuels, collectifs et environnementaux du risque d'infection par le virus grippal pandémique A/H1N1." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066408.
Full textFactors associated with influenza virus transmission and susceptibility to infection still remain not well understood. The risk for infection can be considered as the result of an interaction between factors linked to the pathogen, the host (including the immune system) and the characteristics of exposure (environmental parameters and interhuman contacts). The emergence of the novel A/H1N1 virus, causing the 2009 pandemic, had offered a promising research opportunity to study the determinants usually associated with influenza infections in general and in particular regarding a virus for which the susceptibility of the population was very variable and linked with previous exposure of subjects to viruses that were genetically close. To study influenza infections and their determinants, a cohort of 601 households (1450 subjects) in the French general population was established in late 2009 using a multidisciplinary approach. The follow-up of this cohort, which involves the collection of biological samples and an active tracking of influenza-like symptoms, notably consists of a detailed collection of clinical and epidemiological data (including information regarding the subjects’ environment, their contacts, and their risk perception likely to impact their behavior). The analysis of this massive database offers a novel opportunity to study the risk of infection as a result of a complex interaction of factors which have previously been studied separately. This project implicated the use of new analytical methods, inspired by the “omics” approach already used for the simultaneous study of a large number of covariates
Traore, Amadou Sékou. "Étude des déterminants génétiques, physiologiques et environnementaux des rythmes journaliers d’activité chez les anophèles vecteurs du Plasmodium." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AGPT0005.
Full textThe appearance of new patterns in Anopheles biting behavior following the universal coverage of LLINs is worrying for malaria control. Indeed, the meticulous selection of vector populations that are able to escape the physical-chemical barrier of LLINs and bite when people are not protected is still ongoing. It is known that many Anopheles life rhythms are governed by an endogenous clock known as circadian which allows their temporal organization. In addition, several biotic (physiological resistance, nutritional status, parasitism, competition) or abiotic (light-dark cycle, temperature) environmental stimuli can modulate the insects’ behavioral rhythms. As part of a better understanding of the shifted aggressive behavior observed in the field among malaria vector, and the determinants that may be involved, we have undertaken experimental studies on the daily rhythm flight activity of population of vectors that are involved in the transmission of malaria in Burkina Faso
Adde, Antoine. "Télédétection et paludisme en Guyane : déterminants environnementaux de la distribution et de la densité des moustiques anophèles." Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0097/document.
Full textVector control is often seen as inefficient because it is not targeted to sites and times when mosquitoes are abundant. Tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems can access and process a wide range of environmental data. The linking of remote sensing data with entomological observations can establish knowledge on vectors ecological preferences and be used to develop predictive models of mosquitos‘ dynamics. No model of this type is currently available in French Guiana to assist vector control strategies. The general aim of the thesis was to identify environmental determinants of the distribution and the density of anopheles mosquitoes for the implementation of predictive tools. The research was conducted on two study sites: Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock and Cayenne region. First, a characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the anopheles fauna in Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock was conducted. This preliminary study confirmed the impact of environmental factors, especially land cover and rainfall, on the distribution and the density of anopheles mosquitoes. The second part of the work was aimed modeling and dynamic mapping of Anopheles darlingi densities, the main malaria vector in French Guiana. Among a panel of remotely sensed environmental variables and meteorological parameters, six accurate predictors have been identified. The implementation of these parameters in a statistical model and its extrapolation allowed producing predictive maps of An. darlingi densities in the municipality of Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock. The third part of the work has updated knowledge on the anopheles fauna of Cayenne region. Also, based on remotely sensed environmental data, a predictive model of the presence of An. aquasalis was implemented. Outcomes of this thesis highlight the interest of satellite imagery to monitor and control malaria vectors in French Guiana. This work offers predictive and decision support tools to assist vector control actions. In a context of need of new strategies and methods to improve entomological surveillance, this thesis is a major benefit for health authorities and fully meets the objectives of the quadrennial malaria control plan published in 2015 by the regional health agency of French Guiana
Simard, Marie Anouk. "Dynamique de population d'un ongulé nordique à haute densité. Les déterminants environnementaux de la démographie et des composantes biodémographiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27674/27674.pdf.
Full textBrunel, Thomas. "Analyse des déterminants environnementaux de la variabilité du recrutement : Approche macroécologique appliquée aux populations exploitées du Nord Est Atlantique." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARH065.
Full textRecruitment – the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock – has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitmentis a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a marcroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeasterm Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis make a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates fro cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinismis first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stodk size and recruitment is the presented based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability and the justification factors and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach
Baumann, Francine. "Le mésothéliome malin pleural en Nouvelle-Calédonie : analyse spatiale et déterminants environnementaux – facteurs de risque d’exposition à l’amiante naturel." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2010. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseFrancineBaumann2010.pdf.
Full textMouketou, Mouketou Marylène. "Etude des déterminants environnementaux du stress au travail : le cas de salariés français et gabonais exerçant en bureaux ouverts." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2014.
Full textThis thesis about on the links between the work environment and the stress related to these work environments in the specific case of the landscape offices. It seeks to show how variables related to the work environment (perceived control and privacy, comfort and functionality, attachment to the workplace ...) can contribute to the genesis of stress, beyond the effect simple psycho-socio-organizational variables (decision latitude, workload ...). To do this, three studies were conducted. The first qualitative study has for main objective to investigate the professional experience of the employees exercising in open space. The second study, conducted among 213 French employees, aims to assess the moderating effect of objective and subjective variables related to the environment on work stress on the one hand and attachment to the workplace on the other. The third study aims to compare a sample of French employees (213) with a sample of Gabonese employees (105) from the point of view of the role played by satisfaction with the work environment on attachment to the workplace. The results of these studies show that stress can be related to the characteristics of open work environments, in particular to the nuisances generated by these workspaces in terms of comfort and functionality. But also, that the relation to the workspace depends on the individual who occupies this space. The results also showed that the employees of the two culturally different countries have a distinct perception of the open spaces and the connection they have with this place
Simard, Marie-Anouk. "Dynamique de population d'un ongulé nordique à haute densité : les déterminants environnementaux de la démographie et des composantes biodémographiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22188.
Full textKengne, Talla Pascaline. "Déterminants psychosociaux et environnementaux de l'implantation des meilleures pratiques par les dentistes du Québec : cas du renoncement au tabac auprès des adultes fumeurs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33288.
Full textTraditionnaly, the predominant approach to healthcare services for dentists was strongly curative and less focused on preventive and promotion of health. Many conditions and diseases are caused by multiple factors. Thus, patient-centred, systemic, and common risk factor approaches are a promising avenue to address these health conditions and improve the quality of care. Dentists are encouraged to engage in general health promotion practices, including the oral health and in the knowledge translation activities. In this manner, targeted interventions are optimal strategies to overcome real and perceived barriers to change by dentists and to favour evidence-based dental practice. Grounded in these principles, this research is related to the science and practice of knowledge translation. Using an exploratory, sequential, mixed methods approach with theory-based underpinnings, this study aims to explore individual and environmental determinants influencing the implementation of Canadian smoking cessation guidelines (5As: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange) by dentists in private practice in Quebec. The first article used a qualitative design and an integrative conceptual framework composed of three theoretical perspectives, including Mintzberg’s Organizational Configuration Theory, Friedson’s Theory of Professions, and Meyer, Rowan, Dimaggio and Powell’ s Institutional Theory to understand organizational, contextual, economic, educational and political factors influencing the adoption of the 5As in private dental clinics in Quebec. Individual semi-directed interviews of 35 to 45 minutes were conducted with 20 private practice dentists. The audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim, followed by a directed content analysis. Findings indicated that the patient is at the heart of smoking cessation counselling in dental practice in Quebec. Dentists’ attitude and behaviour are affected by different factors including dentist’s leadership style; and the availability of community, human and material resources. Also, other variables include the culture of dental medicine, the compatibility of Canadian smoking cessation guidelines with the practice of dentistry, time constraints, and the lack of reimbursement of counseling practices. The second article was a study carried out to develop and test the psychometric properties of a questionnaire based on a modified version of Triandis’ theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB) for exploring the psychosocial determinants of Quebec dentists’ intention to use the Canadian clinical practice guidelines on smoking cessation. Using a mixed-methods exploratory sequential design, a quantitative questionnaire was developed from the results of a qualitative study. Twenty-seven dentists who had not been involved in other aspects of the research project participated in this test-retest. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to assess if items supported the predefined basis of TIB-constructs. The final version of the questionnaire has 40 items measuring psychosocial constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborates the theory. Reliability analyses indicate good results with standardized Cronbach alpha ranging from 0.74 to 0.94 and temporal stability coefficients from 0.69 to 0.94. The final article is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on a sample of 59 dentists who had not been involved in other aspects of the research project who were working in private practice between January and September 2016. The study was conducted using a validated and anonymous questionnaire based on a modified version of the Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying individual mechanisms supporting dentists’ intention to adopt the Canadian smoking cessation clinical guidelines in Quebec. Dentists had a positive intention to use the Canadian guidelines on smoking cessation. Four statements of smoking cessation guidelines like ask-advice-assist and arrange/referwere current in dental practice at the variables proportions. The main predictors of dentists’ intention were professional norm (β=0.85; p≤ 0.0001) and control beliefs (β=0.30; p=0.01), explaining 63 % of variance in dentists’ intention to adopt these guidelines in their practices. Mixed data analysis has shown the major fundamental factors included in the construction of dentists’ professional identity. The results strongly suggest the role of universities and professional dental associations in order to encourage dentists to take a more active role to counsel adult smokers and to have an evidence-based practice.
Mette, Anthony. "Normativité de l'acceptation de l'homosexualité dans le sport : étude des déterminants psychologiques, interpersonnels et environnementaux des attitudes des sportifs envers les gays et les lesbiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0225/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to study, among athletes, determinants of attitudes towards homosexuality. With respect to levels of Doise, it is expected the proposal of a predictive model of the determinants at different levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, positional and ideological.The work consists of 4 components: 1) a preliminary study of 322 people for the validation of a tool for measuring attitudes toward gays and lesbians, 2) a survey of 1002 athletes analyzing the determinants of attitudes toward homosexuals, distinguishing men's sports and women's sports, 3) a study on the discovery social norms towards homosexuality in sport, 4) a survey of 572 football players offering a predictive model of attitudes toward gays and lesbians, including the role of the trainer and group processes.Overall, the results indicate a clear difference between women and men athletes in the acceptance of homosexuality. Normativity is the main predictor of attitudes, tending towards a greater acceptance among women and preservation of heterosexism in men. Thus, in the masculine sport, homosexuality appears unprotected stigma directly related to group dynamics. In addition, heterosexism is closely related to sexism, racism and religion.In this sense, it seems important to develop awareness and training with athletes and coaches. These actions may be carried out under the general terms of the management of diversity in sport
Vystavna, Yuliya. "Déterminants environnementaux et socio-économiques, leur influence sur les métaux traces et les produits pharmaceutiques dans les cours d'eau : étude comparée sur deux rivières de France et d'Ukraine." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716793.
Full textMejri, Mohamed. "Le Comportement environnemental des entreprises industrielles tunisiennes : typologie et déterminants." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0193.
Full textThis thesis is a first exploration of the corporate environmental behaviour of the Tunisian corporations. A survey of a sample of 70 Tunisian industrial firms permitted to put in evidence three types of enterprises reacting differently to the environmental issues, “the passive-opportunist” firms, the “conventionalist” firms and the “avant-gardist” firms. The governemental pressures, consumers’ ecological awareness and the ethical and environmental responsabilities are the main antecedents of the corporate environmental behaviour
Leprieur, Fabien. "Les introductions d'espèces de poissons d'eau douce : distribution spatiale, déterminants et impacts sur les espèces natives." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/151/.
Full textAlthough non-native fish species are well identified, the determinants of their spatial distribution and their impacts on biodiversity are poorly documented, especially at large spatial scales. In that context, this thesis aims (i) at improving our knowledge on the potential impacts of non-native fish species and (ii) at identifying the factors controlling their spatial distribution. This was achieved by considering different spatial scales. The local-scale approach (stream reach within a river basin) first shows that local abiotic conditions can influence the spatial distribution of an invasive species (brown trout, Salmo trutta L. ) in a New Zealand river basin and hence can mediate its impact on a native species (Galaxias anomalus Stockell). Especially, anthropogenic disturbances (such as water abstraction for agricultural purposes) do not necessarily promote species invasions as reported by most previous studies. Therefore, the effective conservation of threatened native species implies the implementation of management strategies adapted to the local environmental context. Last, an experimental study reveals that a species considered as invasive (such as brown bullhead, Ameiurus melas Raff. ) should be systematically studied in regards to its impact on native species. This is necessary to set up management strategies that account for the behavioural and ecological characteristics of the impacted native species. The regional-scale approach (river basin) first shows that the introductions of non-native fish species in Europe led to (i) an increase of the size of the regional pool of species (i. E. An increase in alpha diversity) and (ii) a decrease of the taxonomic similarity between river basins (i. E. A decrease in beta diversity corresponding to a taxonomic homogenization). .
Racodon, Michaël. "Analyse de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient, des déterminants de santé environnementaux, influant la poursuite des activités physiques à distance de la prise en charge médicale chez les porteurs de maladies cardiovasculaires : mise en oeuvre et évaluation des conduites à tenir." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A018.
Full textTherapeutic Patient Education (TPE) programs are an integral part of the management of cardiac patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR). They allow patients to change certain lifestyle habits, such as being more active in daily life. Generally speaking, we seek to make the patient more active after rehabilitation by fighting against the harmful effects of physical inactivity. This research work aims to evaluate, in the short and long term, the effects of a new physical activity-based (PA) TPE strategy, and to observe the transformation of certain lifestyle habits of cardiac patients, but also to analyze the determinants of health. We studied 295 patients (71 women and 224 men) after cardiovascular rehabilitation management in which they participated in a TPE program. We compared three groups of patients: one group with traditional CR, one group with traditional CR and follow-up at 6/12 months, one group with CR including a new educational approach and follow-up at 6/12 months. For all these groups, we evaluated in pre/posttest: knowledge of PA, level of PA by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), follow-up of PA recommendations, a Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), maximum strength of different muscle groups, weight and body composition by impedance-metry. We have found that patients who have benefited from the new approach significantly improve their knowledge of physical activity by obtaining an average grade of 15.9 to 6 months and maintain what they have learned 1 year after the end of rehabilitation. These patients remain sufficiently active after rehabilitation with a 99% increase in weekly energy expenditure. The group with a new therapeutic education program maintains better physical abilities with stabilization of walking distance on the SMWT test and muscle strength.A patient-based PA education program during cardiovascular rehabilitation provides knowledge that can be used to maintain new lifestyles, including physical activity. This new program also helps to combat social inequalities in health
Leston, Araujo Itaua. "Facteurs environnementaux et génétiques déterminant la fonction thymique chez l'adulte sain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC092.
Full textThe thymus is a vital organ for homeostatic maintenance of the peripheral immune system. Age-associated thymic involution is associated with a reduction in tissue mass and thymic cellularity, loss of tissue structure and abnormal architecture leading to a decline in naïve T cell output. However, with the exception of age, the underlying parameters that govern thymic function in healthy humans remain to be defined. We characterized the variability of thymic function among 1000 age- and sex-stratified healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur cohort, using quantification of TRECs in peripheral blood T cells as a surrogate marker of thymopoiesis. Age and sex were the only nonheritable factors identified that affect thymic function. TREC amounts decreased with age and were higher in women compared to men of all ages. In addition, a genome-wide association study revealed a common variant (rs2204985) within the T cell receptor TCRA-TCRD locus, between the DD2 and DD3 gene segments, which associated with TREC amounts. This association was validated in a replication cohort (MARTHA cohort). Strikingly, transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells with the rs2204985 GG genotype into immunodeficient mice led to thymopoiesis with higher TRECs, increased thymocyte counts, and a higher TCR repertoire diversity. Our population immunology approach revealed a genetic locus that influences thymopoiesis in healthy children and adults, with potentially broad implications in precision medicine, especially in aging and vaccines, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and autoimmunity. This study leads also to further study the precise mechanisms of TCRA-TCRD rearrangements at early steps of thymopoiesis
Ben, Rhouma Amel. "Etude des déterminants de la divulgation environnementale et sociale des entreprises françaises." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0004.
Full textThe purpose of our study is to explore the evolution of the scope and patterns of corporate environmental and social disclosure of the French companies and to identify determinants likely to explain the strategies of communication of this type of information. Our study is based on three-tiered conceptual framework that weaves together three complementary perspectives: information costs and benefits, legitimacy theory and governance. We focus on annual and social reports of a sample SBF 120 French firms during three years2001, 2002 and 2003. We show that in spite of the promulgation of article 116 of law NRE of May 15, 2001, the environmental information disseminated by the French companies concerns a voluntary strategy. Environmental disclosure is measured using a coding instrument on a way that is similar to Wiseman (1982) and Cormier and Magnan (1999 and 2003) adapted to the legal and regulatory context French and taking account of the voluntary international initiative of standardization of these practices of reporting (the GRI). We study also the social aspect of the disclosure of French companies in order to explore its impact on the level of environmental reporting. Regarding the first purpose, results show that level and quality of corporate social and environmental reporting tend to converge over time. With respect to the second purpose, consistent with expectations, results show that information costs and benefits faced by capital market participants, governance and monitoring considerations as well as the need for firms to legitimise their activities all influence environmental disclosure. Moreover, the level of the social disclosure significantly assigns to the rise the level of environmental reporting
Mehamli, Amara. "Les déterminants de l'innovation environnementale : application au secteur des détergents et produits d'entretien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1047.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine the relevant factors of environmental product innovation. This new more complex innovation, which requires environmental and competitiveness performance for its development and diffusion, occupies a more and more central place in the firm. We have in this work particularly analyzed the effectiveness of voluntary approaches (namely the European Ecolabel certification) on the innovation of products in the firm and, at the same time, identified the key determinants to adoption of this ecolabel. We focused our analysis on the detergents and maintenance-products sector in France. This study is a part of an evolutionary approach and considers the process of technical change (development and diffusion of European Ecolabel certified product) to be a complex and uncertain process incorporating different factors in co-evolution, beyond a limited conception of the role of environmental policies. The case study shows the role of the firm strategy in the process of technical change. The empirical analysis confirms the role of this determinant (strategy of suppliers of bimolecular substances) and presents, moreover, the importance of regulation (REACH…), the benefits of certification (brand image) and demand as key factors in adoption of this ecolabel certification. Indeed, although this voluntary policy drives some firms to innovation, the environmental performance and accession by most firms in this sector remains a challenge. In the current context, firms which have used biomolecular substances, under suppliers' strategic influence, have developed green products but not systematically European Ecolabel certified products
Roy, Marie-Josée. "Cycle de vie de produits et performance environnementale, déterminants et incidences en milieu de PME." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65548.pdf.
Full textZramdini, Olfa. "Étude des déterminants de la communication environnementale des entreprises : cas de la Tunisie et du Maroc." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA0004.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to assess the corporate environmental reporting (CER) of Tunisian and Moroccan companies and to determine the factors likely to support it or constrain it. Relying on the stakeholder theory, we use the conceptual model of Ullmann (1985) to test the effect of the stakeholder power, corporate culture and the economic and financial performances on the extent of the CER. The sample comprises 18 Tunisian and 20 Moroccan companies listed respectively on Tunisian and Moroccan stock exchanges markets. The evaluation of the extent of CER is made on the basis of annual reports collected over the period from 2000 to 2007. The results of the quantitative analysis show that CER is made mainly to shareholders and investors. The influence of corporate culture, economic and financial performances, company's industry, size and country's origin is confirmed. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis is conducted on 10 companies selected from the initial sample. The results reveal that the company's level of internationalization, being a subsidiary of multinational renowned for its commitment to sustainable development, the size of the auditor and the composition of the Board explain the extent of the CER of Tunisian and Moroccan companies
Gribaa, Fafani. "Les déterminants de l'intention environnementale des dirigeants des PME : Cas de l'industrie du textile-habillement tunisienne." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10007/document.
Full textIn front of the increasing environmental problems that threaten human life, the question of the involvement of all mankind in the protection of the environment is strongly emphasized. At the managerial level and in the recent years, academic researchers have emphasized the need to change perceptions, values, attitudes, intentions and behavior leading to an environmental organization.By placing our research in the field of psychology of sustainable development, the subject of this thesis is to develop a model explaining the history of environmental leadership for industrial SMEs. Thus, based on the theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurial orientation, we propose a conceptual model showing the impact of contextual (political, cultural and economic) and individual variables (personal characteristics) on the formation of the environmental intention of SMEs managers.The empirical approach is similar to a process of methodological triangulation. It consists in a qualitative exploratory study nearly twenty SME, followed by a second qualitative study almost ten experts in sustainable development and CSR. Finally, a quantitative study in nearly 226 leaders is used to validate the research model. The results are very interesting and original. They show that environmental intentions of leaders are not the result of pressure from stakeholders. By contrast, the intention is the result of perceptions of the availability of financial resources and support, the expected results of the desired behavior concerning the public and financial institutions as well as personal characteristics of the leader (his degree of innovation and risk-taking)
Mosso, Rosine Addy. "Santé et mortalité des enfants en Côte d'Ivoire urbaine : vers une réduction de l’avantage urbain ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H047.
Full textImproving child survival remains at the core of health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa where the health transition is down since 1990. This health crisis is concomitant to an economic recession and a rapid urban growth. The rapid expansion of the urban population is now a major public health challenge. Like its African peers, Côte d'Ivoire, which has experienced a rapid urban growth since 1960 has failed to significantly reduce child mortality over the two past decades. The analysis of trends by area of residence reveals a decline in mortality, which is relatively larger in rural areas than in Ivorian cities. This raises questions about the factors explaining the evolution in the mortality of Ivorian city children. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the factors slowing the decline in the mortality of children who live in urban Ivory Coast. The analysis, based on demographic and health data collected between 1994 and 2005, assesses the effects of demographic, economic, contextual environment and health on the dynamics of mortality and examines the hypothesis of deterioration in the survival in poor urban area. Two conclusions emerge from the analysis. On the one hand, there is a real decrease in the progress regarding the improvement of child survival in Ivorian cities, mainly in Abidjan. On the other hand, if the socio-economic disparities lead to health inequalities, the degradation of child survival concerns more middle and upper classes than those of the poorest households. In addition, the social dimension plays a more important role in the maternal behavior regarding health care: the use of antenatal health services is relatively more frequent among mothers from large-size households or among migrants. The analysis also reveals an emphasis of the influence of environmental factors on child survival between 1994 and 2005 and precarious living conditions
Rakotosamimanana, Sitraka. "La peste à Madagascar : spatialisation, connaissances par la population et perception de l'accessibilité aux soins." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/20_24_S_Rakotosamimanana.pdf.
Full textThe plague is a pathogen complex with three main actors: the pathogen, the flea and the rodent. It is a major threat in the history of humanity. While in some parts of the world it has disappeared, in Madagascar it is endemic and a public health problem. This zoonosis, in its human form, affects about 400 individuals every year, particularly in areas located at an altitude of more than 800 meters above sea level, known as the central highlands. Even within the central highlands, the expression of the disease is not the same. This geography thesis aims to identify the different factors that can explain the endimicity, persistence and differences in the epidemiological expression of the disease, as well as the appearance of human cases of the plague on the island. Biological and ecological factors alone cannot explain the dynamics and circulation of the plague in Madagascar. Since health has both a social and biological aspect, the socio-spatial, behavioral and environmental factors that promote the appearance of human cases and the circulation of the disease have been explored in this thesis
Letellier, Noémie. "Déterminants sociaux et professionnels de la cognition." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT044.
Full textCognitive aging is a slow and progressive process influenced by many individual and contextual factors, including working conditions and residential environment characteristics. However, the impact of these environmental exposures on cognition remains largely under-studied. The main objective of this thesis is to study the role of social and occupational determinants on cognition, in the general French population. The implementation in 2012 of the Constances cohort allows us to study this issue on a population aged 45 to 70 years (~70,000 participants) in cross-sectional, while the 3C cohort (9,294 participants) allows us to analyze from a social perspective a population aged over 65 years followed since the 2000s. We have observed in these two different populations, an effect of socio-economic characteristics living environment on cognitive performances and risk of dementia, independently of individual socio-economic level and many other individual characteristics. In Constances, we have shown that cognitive performances is early associated with occupational exposure to chemicals (solvents and formaldehyde), regardless of individual characteristics and working conditions. These results suggest that living environments, socio-economic and/or work environment, have an impact on cognitive performances level and dementia, and can be a source of social health inequalities in cognitive aging
El, Amili Omar. "Les déterminants de la consommation socialement responsable : une application au cas du consommateur marocain." Corte, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CORT0005.
Full textThe concept of Socially Responsible Consumption (SRC) means to include social and environmental criteria in its purchases. This thesis aims to answer two fundamental research questions : (1) what are the social and environmental concerns of Maroccan consumers ? (2) what are the individual determinants of SRC ? To answer to the first question, we have built a new measuring scale of SRC including contingency factors specific to the context of Marocco. To answer to the second research question we tested a set of hypothesis about the predictive role of socio-demographic status and the role of religiosity regarding SRC
Etchevers, Anne. "Exposition au plomb des enfants en France : déterminants et dépistage." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B022.
Full textYoung children are most exposed to lead and the most susceptible to its health effects, notably on development. A nationwide representative survey on 3831 children in France has established the geometric mean of lead exposures at 14.9 (+/- 0.5) µg/L of blood with 76000 children beyond the mandatory action level of 50μg / L. The current screening criteria have proved insufficient to identify these overexposed children and new ones are proposed. In addition, an environmental investigation with lead measurements in housing was performed in 484 homes. Household floor dust and tap water are major factors of overexposure, and also the use of traditional dishes and cosmetics. Prevention policies must be pursued in light of the continuing sources of exposure and toxicity even at low doses
Bachelet, Delphine. "Biomarqueurs d'exposition aux composés organochlorés et risque de cancer du sein : analyse de l'étude cas-témoins en population générale CECILE basée sur l'utilisation de modèles pharmacocinétiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807245.
Full textPinget, Amandine. "Spécificités des déterminants des innovations environnementales : une approche appliquée aux PME." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA023/document.
Full textUnderstanding how companies innovate for positive environment impact and sustainable development is a crucial issue for business and society today. Yet,little is currently known about this particular kind of innovation. The objective of this thesis is to shed light on the specificities of environmental innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of determinants and perceived barriers.The theoretical framework is based on the Porter’s Hypothesis in order to examine the effect of regulation. It is enriched by the RBV and KBV approaches to better take into account SMEs’ capabilities and resources in the adoption of environmental innovation.This research is based on three empirical articles and on a quantitative approach which mobilizes several econometric methods.This thesis contributes to three key findings: (1) Environmentally innovative SMEs perceive more barriers, in more intense and numerous ways, compared to others innovative or non-innovative SMEs; (2) Environmentally innovative SMEs utilize more external knowledge sources than other SMEs; (3) SMEs, like large firms, can adopt environmental innovations proactively because they possess certain capacities.These results lead to public policy and managerial recommendations for more widespread and more effective environmental innovation in SMEs
Kedjar, Malia. "Essais sur les déterminants de l'éco-innovation : une application aux entreprises françaises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC020.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the factors that trigger the development of eco-innovations for the case of French firms. We have addressed this question in different contexts using original data. We contribute to the empirical literature by focusing on entrepreneurial and spatial aspects. The main results show that environmental policy instruments have a different impact on the types of eco-innovations (waste treatment, renewable energy and climate change mitigation technologies) and that eco-innovations are not always profitable for firms. Hence, it is essential to adjust public policy instruments in a way to improve the profitability of eco-innovations. After carrying out a survey on French start-ups, the results of the analysis have shown that there is a diversity of profiles of eco-innovators. Indeed, firms cluster into five main profiles and exhibit different eco-innovation drivers. We have shown empirically that the different categories of eco-innovators do not have the same difficulties in accessing funds. This led us to conclude that public policies must be designed taking into account the specificity of each profile. We have also shown that the recombination of environmental and non environmental technologies and environmental political support are the main factors explaining the location of eco-innovative firms. Moreover, by applying spatial econometrics we found that there is a clear spatial dependence on their creation while the impact of knowledge spillovers is quite local
Marrot, Pascal. "La sélection naturelle : contraintes méthodologiques et déterminants climatiques chez la mésange bleue (Cyanistes caeruleus)." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9898.
Full textBenjelloun, Anas. "Les déterminants des IDE polluants : application aux IDE espagnols en Amérique latine et en Europe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32052.
Full textWe have plotted a complex link between Economy and Environment, consequently we could determined the main objective of this thesis which was on one hand to highlight various papers and studies about the theory of contamination havens and about others competitive theories, and on another hand, to propose an empirical contribution to these theories. Thus, by evaluating the attractiveness of Latin America and Europe for Spanish manufacturing corporations involved in sectors known as contaminated, we focused on the fact that the determinants of this attract to both regions don’t follow the same way. In order to fulfill this specific study, we have used a gravity model developed using econometric panel data. Indeed, we have built our four main chapters of the thesis around these major points. The results obtained can argue that effects of contamination havens effectively exist in Latin America, strengthening conclusions put out by the defenders of this theory. Moreover, the place where are located Spanish contaminating manufacturing in thisregion are determined by the existence of agglomeration economies, skilled labor market, a weak engagement in environment issues united to a high level of corruption governmental institutions.In consequence, we can add that the Spanish government in this zone feels less concerned by the quality of way of life and liberty of citizens than by levels of taxes and size of domestic market. Concerning the Spanish implementation of strategies in these Europeans countries, the most relevant are horizontal strategies which seem to dominate internationalization process in Spanish contaminating manufacturing. These ones seem to pay attention to the quality of skilled labor forces, strength of infrastructure, agglomeration economies and access to the market more than the control of environmental local policies
Taoukif, Fatima Ez-Zahra. "Analyse perceptuelle des déterminants de l'engagement sociétal des entreprises marocaines labellisées RSE : de la performance au développement durable - cas du maroc." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL2004/document.
Full textThe Subject of this thesis is to analyze the determiners of the community involvement of a company (RSE) in an emerging country such as Morocco. The purpose of the present research is to analyze this relation empirically. In fact, the new international economic environment characterized by deep changes, particularly, economic and financial globalization as well as the important regulatory and technological modifications that are taking place nowadays tend to give the priority to other strategic orientations relating to the prospects of sustainable development, and clarifying the societal commitment in managerial practices. The main goal of any company is to ensure its sustainability to the benefit of its customers, its shareholders and its collaborators. A company can become a committed social actor and not simply content itself with being an economic agent generating wealth. It can also get involved and adhere to better positioning itself with regard to the sustainable development which requires the production and sale within the best economic conditions while keeping a good image, namely, its ethical behavior, and by guaranteeing that its products are socially humanly and ecologically correct. Thus it can reconcile the safeguarding of the environment, social equity and the financial and economic requirements. Therefore, two parts were devoted to elucidating the various questions raised in this respect: The first part presents a review of the theoretical and conceptual approaches of the social responsibility of a company and its overall Performance and the potential links between these two components. The second part is devoted to the epistemological and methodological positioning, to the presentation of the model and the research hypotheses, as well as the analysis of the results of the empirical study. The results make it possible to answer our question: What are the determiners of the community involvement of the certified Moroccan companies RSE?
Godard, Jean-Yves. "RECHERCHE EMPIRIQUE SUR LES DÉTERMINANTS DU CONSENTEMENT À PAYER POUR UNE AMÉLIORATION DE LA QUALITÉ DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT - cas d'application à la qualité des eaux de baignade du littoral aquitain." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554038.
Full textTagne, Fotso Romuald. "Imprégnation aux métaux et métalloïdes en population générale du Nord–Pas-de-Calais : niveaux, déterminants et liens avec le débit de filtration glomérulaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S031/document.
Full textHuman Biomonitoring allows us to evaluate our exposure to chemicals by measuring substances themselves or their metabolites or markers of health effects, from body fluids or tissues. The information collected through epidemiological surveys provide information on human exposure and are valuable databases in the research of exposure-response relationships in humans. This thesis is part of the cross-sectional IMePoGe survey conducted between 2008-2010 in the Nord–Pas-de-Calais region (in northern France), including 2,000 adult residents aged 20 to 59 years old, and aimed to quantify the impregnation levels of the population to 14 metals and metalloids (aluminum, antimony, total arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, thallium, vanadium, zinc) chosen for their toxic effects and the frequency of occupational and environmental exposure. The specific objectives of this thesis were, which a special interest for lead and cadmium, two nephrotoxic metals known in the literature: i) to establish the distribution of impregnation metals into the northern population of France and compare the exposure regional level to metals and metalloids with the national and international data; ii) to identify the major factors of variation of the impregnation and the sources of exposure to lead and cadmium in the general population; iii) to study the relationship between the change in glomerular filtration rate and the impregnation levels to metals. Overall, blood and urinary concentrations of most metals and metalloids were higher than those found in the national nutritional health survey conducted during the same period in the French population, with the exception of urinary vanadium and blood lead. The regional mean of blood lead level (geometric mean) was 18.8 μg/L. Several sources of lead exposure existed in the population and were link to the occupational, environmental and consumption parameters. Regarding cadmium, smoking was the main source of recent or chronic exposure to metal: the geometric mean of blood cadmium, reflecting a recent exposure, was 0.39 μg/L and increased from 0.26 μg/L in non-smokers to 0.84 μg/L in smokers; the geometric mean of urinary cadmium, reflecting the chronic exposure, was 0.37 μg/L (0.33 μg/g creatinine) and increased from 0.33 μg/L (0.29 μg/g creatinine) in non-smokers to 0.46 μg/L (0.37 μg/g creatinine) in smokers. Finally, as part of the study of the relationship between the metal levels and the glomerular filtration rate, our study showed that taking into account the multiple exposure to the other potentially nephrotoxic metals and metalloids upset considerably the previous associations specifically reported with lead and cadmium, in the context of low levels exposure in the general population
Sherpa, Stéphanie. "Histoire de la colonisation et déterminants du succès invasif des populations du moustique tigre Aedes albopictus en Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV049.
Full textThe Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is native to Southeast Asia and has colonized all continents but Antarctica in the last decades. However, the factors determining the invasive success of populations at the global scale remain to be elucidated. Focusing on the European invasion, we used a comprehensive framework and multi-source data for distinguishing the role of historical and contemporary processes, both neutral and adaptive, in structuring the genetic variability of invasive populations. Examining the genetic variability of 1,000 individuals from 150 invasive and native populations revealed three independent introduction events in Europe (in Albania, North Italy, and Central Italy), from the United States (previously invaded area) and from China (native range). Primary introduced populations constituted dispersal centers for the colonization of Europe, and migration routes correlate with the geography of human transportation networks. Several admixture events either during introduction or subsequent expansion, as well as high connectivity between invasive populations, promoted the maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity. Pre-existing cold adaptation within the native range of the species and niche conservatism between introduced populations and their sources suggest that these populations were already prepared for establishing under temperate European climate. Nonetheless, shifts in allele frequencies along environmental gradients within Europe suggest post-introduction adaptive changes. The adaptive potential of populations and long-distance human-aided dispersal facilitated the rapid expansion of populations. Although often neglected in the context of biological invasions, natural dispersal at the landscape scale further contributed to range filling in range edge populations. The study of the demo-genetic and environmental characteristics of the European invasion allows a better understanding of processes at play during two key stages of the invasion process: establishment and expansion
Poirier, Julie. "Quatre essais en Economie de l'Environnement empirique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22003/document.
Full textThis dissertation is interested in two areas of the environmental economics field: monetary valuation of environmental goods and services and environmental innovation. Even if those two fields are studied separately in this dissertation, they both aim at contributing to a common objective: fight against climate change. This dissertation ranges into five chapters. The first one is a general introduction, which depicts the two fields of the dissertation and their relevance towards climate change. Environmental valuation serves public decision through monetary valuation of environmental goods. This is useful not only for the implementation of projects directed to environmental protection, but also for the quantification of environmental damages. Environmental innovation may encourage technological transfers, but also a greener growth, in a will that our societies develop themselves following a sustainable path. Chapters 2 and 3 are interested in the choice experiments method in order to value local residents’ willingness-to-pay for water quality improvements at a specific river basin in France. Using a choice experiment with different management regimes for the river basin, we find that residents are willing-to-pay for an improved water quality. Despite this positive result, we observe a significant proportion (20%) of protest bids in our sample. Protest bids are respondents that state a zero willingness-to-pay, even though their true value for the good is positive. In order to take into account the existence of protest bids, we estimate a cross-nested logit model in chapter 3. We then obtain larger willingness-to-pay, which proves that the cross-nested logit model best fits the peculiarity of our data. Chapters 4 and 5 try to identify the drivers of environmental innovation. Using world patent data and data from the world economic forum survey, we study the impact of environmental public policies on innovation in clean technologies directed to water and air pollution, and waste. We find that both general innovative capacity and environmental policy stringency have a positive role on environment-related innovation. Chapter 5 looks at the influence of co-authorship of scientific publications on wind energy-related innovation. We use both the world patent database and the “Scopus” database, which contains lots of scientific literature references. We highlight the existence of knowledge spillovers between OECD and NON-OECD countries. Therefore, we show that knowledge transfers, regarding wind energy-related innovation, between OECD and NON-OECD countries contribute to improve NON-OECD countries' innovative capacity
Vanier, Mathieu. "La route qui mène au crime : déterminants de la mobilité des infracteurs de Gatineau en 2006." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3219.
Full textThis study focuses on the journey to crime of the offenders who have committed a crime in Gatineau in 2006. There are only a few recent Canadian studies on the subject. In addition there is a vacuum of knowledge on the journey to crime in smaller cities and suburbs. This research is designed to compare three different measures of distance, to check if the distance varies depending on the type of crime and see if the variables of time (day of week, time of day and season) as well as some characteristics of suspects (age, sex and place of residence) have an impact on the distance traveled. For each crime, the address of the suspect and the crime location were geocoded then, the distance between the two points was calculated. An analysis of the shapes curves pattern of the distances indicates that sexual assault is the only type of crime which possesses a buffer zone. The results of statistical analysis show that young people are more mobile than older suspects and that men travel a greater distance than women. Surprisingly, the distance does not differ significantly according to season and time of day. Finally, compared to the other criminal offenders, those who have committed a robbery traveled the greatest distances.