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Journal articles on the topic 'Determinants – Ethiopia – Tigray (Region)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Kassie Tesema, Ayenew, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Yigizie Yeshaw, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, and Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale. "Spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age women of Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0257664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257664.

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Introduction Malnutrition is one of the most devastating problems in Ethiopia and is inextricably linked with poverty. Women in the reproductive age group and children are most vulnerable to malnutrition due to low dietary intakes, inequitable distribution of food within the household, improper food storage and preparation, dietary taboos, infectious diseases, and care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age of Ethiopia. Methods The study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total sampled weight of 15,139 women aged 15–49 years. The ArcGIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software were used for exploring the spatial distribution of undernutrition. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the individual and community level factors associated with women undernutrition. Finally, the factors which were significant at 95% confidence interval were reported. Result The spatial analysis revealed that women undernutrition was significantly varied across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 144 significant hotspot areas of maternal undernutrition with three significant spatial windows. Of these, 134 clusters were primary. The primary spatial window was identified in the southeast Tigray, northwest Afar, central and north Amhara regions (LLR = 57.48, P<0.01, RR = 1.51). Age at first marriage (AOR = 1.57: CI 1.33, 1.99), middle wealth index (AOR = 3.15: CI 1.4, 6.97), rural residence (AOR = 2.82: CI 1.22, 6.52), being in Afar region, Tigray region and Harari region (AOR = 4.88: CI 1.71, 13.91), (AOR = 4.17: CI 1.57, 11.06) and (AOR = 3.01: CI 1.05, 8.68) respectively were significantly associated with women undernutrition. Conclusion In Ethiopia, undernutrition had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, age at first marriage, wealth index and region were significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, public health interventions that reduce reproductive age women undernutrition and enhance women awareness towards undernutrition in hotspot areas of undernutrition is crucial.

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Gebre, Hadgu, Tesfaye Kindie, Mamo Girma, and Kassa Belay. "Farmers climate change adaptation options and their determinants in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 9 (February 26, 2015): 956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2014.9146.

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Ahmed, Kedir, Kingsley Agho, Andrew Page, Amit Arora, and Felix Ogbo. "Mapping Geographical Differences and Examining the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia: A Bayesian Geostatistical Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062104.

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Understanding the specific geographical distribution of stunting is essential for planning and implementing targeted public health interventions in high-burdened countries. This study investigated geographical variations in the prevalence of stunting sub-nationally, and the determinants of stunting among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset for children aged 0–59 months with valid anthropometric measurements and geographic coordinates (n = 9089). We modelled the prevalence of stunting and its determinants using Bayesian geospatially explicit regression models. The prevalence of stunting among children under five years was 36.3% (95% credible interval (CrI); 22.6%, 51.4%) in Ethiopia, with wide variations sub-nationally and by age group. The prevalence of childhood stunting ranged from 56.6% (37.4–74.6%) in the Mekelle Special zone of the Tigray region to 25.5% (10.5–48.9%) in the Sheka zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region. Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of stunting in Ethiopia included non-receipt of breastmilk, mother’s BMI (overweight/obese), employment status (employed), and higher household wealth, while the enablers were residence in the “arid” geographic areas, small birth size of the child, and mother’s BMI (underweight). The prevalence and determinants of stunting varied across Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce the burden of childhood stunting should consider geographical heterogeneity and modifiable risk factors.

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Tsegay, Yalem, Tesfay Gebrehiwot, Isabel Goicolea, Kerstin Edin, Hailemariam Lemma, and Miguel Sebastian. "Determinants of antenatal and delivery care utilization in Tigray region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal for Equity in Health 12, no. 1 (2013): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-12-30.

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Ebuy, Yirga, Mussie Alemayehu, Mengistu Mitiku, and Gelila K. Goba. "Determinants of severe anemia among laboring mothers in Mekelle city public hospitals, Tigray region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2017): e0186724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186724.

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Abraha, Atakelti, Anna Myléus, Peter Byass, Asmelash Kahsay, and John Kinsman. "Social determinants of under-5 child health: A qualitative study in Wolkayit Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): e0218101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218101.

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Kiross, Girmay Tsegay, Catherine Chojenta, Daniel Barker, and Deborah Loxton. "Individual-, household- and community-level determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): e0248501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248501.

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Introduction People living in the same area share similar determinants of infant mortality, such as access to healthcare. The community’s prevailing norms and attitudes about health behaviours could also influence the health care decisions made by individuals. In diversified communities like Ethiopia, differences in child health outcomes might not be due to variation in individual and family characteristics alone, but also due to differences in the socioeconomic characteristics of the community where the child lives. While individual level characteristics have been examined to some extent, almost all studies into infant mortality conducted in Ethiopia have failed to consider the impact of community-level characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to identify individual and community level determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia. Method Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey in 2016 were used for this study. A total of 10641 live births were included in this analysis. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to examine both individual and community level determinants while accounting for the hierarchal structure of the data. Results Individual-level characteristics such as infant sex have a statistically significant association with infant mortality. The odds of infant death before one year was 50% higher for males than females (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.25–2.20; p-value <0.001). At the community level, infants from pastoralist areas (Somali and Afar regions) were 1.4 more likely die compared with infants living in the Agrarian area such as Amhara, Tigray, and Oromia regions; AOR = 1.44; 95% CI; 1.02–2.06; p-value = 0.039). Conclusion Individual, household and community level characteristics have a statistically significant association with infant mortality. In addition to the individual based interventions already in place, household and community-based interventions such as focusing on socially and economically disadvantaged regions in Ethiopia could help to reduce infant mortality.

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Girmalem Nirea, K., S. Negussie, and G. Degye. "Determinants of Mangoes and Red Peppers Market Supply in Ahferom and Kola-Tembien Districts of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." SocioEconomic Challenges 3, no. 4 (2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(4).39-51.2019.

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The major aim of this paper was to examine the factors that determine market supply of mangoes and red peppers by smallholder growers in Ahferom and Kola-Tembien Districts of Tigray National Regional State, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from a sample of 192 mango growers and 191 red pepper growers. Both descriptive statistics and econometric analysis applied for analyzing the collected data. The multiple linear regression model was applied to identify the factors determining mango and red pepper market supply. The result of the descriptive analysis showed that level of mangoes and red peppers production has been raised owing to high intervention and follow up of the regional government on the sector through increasing level of accountability and building competitive sprite among agricultural extension workers. 53.6% of the sample mango growers and 27.6% of the sample red pepper growers sold their produces to retailers. The result of the estimated parameter also indicated that level of mango production, sex of the household head, household family size, access to credit and total land size were the factors that determine marketable supply of mangoes by smallholder growers. Similarly, distance to nearest market, access to market information, total land size, cooperative membership and selling price were found to be determinants of the market supply of red peppers. Finally, the study recommended intervention in appropriate distribution of inputs, improvement in rural infrastructure, promoting and expanding mango and red pepper production for export and ensuring fair trade. The current market oriented agricultural system has to be supported by mechanisms of gathering and distributing market information, appropriate crop pricing and market linkages, which enhance market supply and improve the economic and social bargaining power of growers. Keywords: determinant, market supply, production, smallholder growers.

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Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Dawit Tefera Fentie, Seblewongel Tigabu Yigizaw, Asnakew Asmamaw Abebe, and Kassahun Alemu Gelaye. "Spatial distribution and geographical heterogeneity factors associated with poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children age 6–23 months in Ethiopia: Geographical weighted regression analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): e0252639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252639.

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Introduction Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in poor societies. Dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and spatial determinants of dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Methods Ethiopian 2016 demographic and health survey dataset using a total of 3055 children were used to conduct this study. The data were cleaned and weighed by STATA version 14.1 software and Microsoft Excel. Children who consumed foods rich in vitamin A (Egg, Meat, Vegetables, Green leafy vegetables, Fruits, Organ meat, and Fish) at least one food item in the last 24 hours were declared as good consumption. The Bernoulli model was fitted using Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distributions for poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A. Geographical weighted regression analysis was employed using MGWR version 2.0 software. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant predictors spatially. Results Overall, 62% (95% CI: 60.56–64.00) of children aged 6–23 months had poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A highly clustered in Afar, eastern Tigray, southeast Amhara, and the eastern Somali region of Ethiopia. Spatial scan statistics identified 142 primary spatial clusters located in Afar, the eastern part of Tigray, most of Amhara and some part of the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Children living in the primary cluster were 46% more likely vulnerable to poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A than those living outside the window (RR = 1.46, LLR = 83.78, P < 0.001). Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area of Ethiopia were spatially significant predictors. Conclusion Overall, the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low and spatially non-random in Ethiopia. Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area were spatially significant predictors for the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Policymakers and health planners should intervene in nutrition intervention at the identified hot spot areas to reduce the poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months.

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Desta, Abraham Aregay, Kibriti Mehari Kidane, Yemane Weldu Bahta, Kiros Fenta Ajemu, Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel, Asfawosen Aregay Berhe, Nega Mamo Bezabih, Awtachew Berhe Woldu, and Tewolde Wubayehu Woldearegay. "Determinants of immunological recovery following HAART among severely immunosuppressed patients at enrolment to care in Northern Ethiopia: a retrospective study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e038741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038741.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify determinants of immunological recovery following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among severely immunosuppressed patients at enrolment to care in Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective study.SettingThe study was done in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study was done among severely immunosuppressed (<200 CD4 cells/mm3) individuals at initial enrolment to care and whose samples were sent for viral load determination from April 2015 to March 2019 in Tigray Health Research Institute.Main outcomesThe main outcome variable was immunological recovery, modelled using binary logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 9687 patients with severe immunosuppression at enrolment, 2746 (28.35%, 95% CI 27.45% to 29.26%) had immunological recovery following HAART for at least 6 months. Male gender (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.50, p<0.001), age 20–34 years old (AOR=0.33, p<0.001), age ≥50 years old (AOR=0.26, p<0.001), WHO clinical stage III (OR=0.68, p=0.036) and viral non-suppression (AOR=0.38, p<0.001) were strong predictors of immunological failure.ConclusionsImmunological recovery following HAART was low among severely immunosuppressed individuals at enrolment to care. Gender, age, WHO stage III and viral non-suppression were determinants of immunological recovery. Male patients, adolescents and virally non-suppressed patients should be identified as groups at higher risk for immunological failure. Therefore, greater support and intensive counselling should be prioritised among adolescents, men and virally non-suppressed patients for better immunological recovery.

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Dagne, Samuel, Yonatan Menber, Yosef Wassihun, Gedefaw Dires, Atitegeb Abera, Seteamlak Adane, Melese Linger, and Zelalem T. Haile. "Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8850241.

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Background. The prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is still remarkably high. Undernutrition during adulthood is a greater risk factor for low productivity, poor health, and mortality. There is limited information on the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults aged 18–59 years in Ethiopia. Method. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique, and the analytic sample consisted of 9,280 adults aged 18–59 years. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used, and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 9280 adults aged 18–59 years were included in the study and 2911 (28.7%) (95% CI: 27.0%–30.4%) of whom were chronic energy deficient. Adults who have no work (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72), male adults from Tigray region (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.09), Afar region (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.36), Somali region (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.19, 4.52), Gambella region (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), Harari region (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19), Amhara region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19), Dire Dawa (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.05), adults live lonely (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.71), and adults residing in poor wealth index households (AOR = 1.26 : 95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) were significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency. Conclusion and recommendation. Chronic energy deficiency among male adults in Ethiopia was a high public health problem. Marital status, wealth index, occupation, and region were significant predictors of chronic energy deficiency. The Ministry of Health with other partners should strictly monitor and evaluate interventions that are being applied and should give focus to adult men to prevent malnutrition.

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Gebremedhin, Merhawi, Ayele Belachew, and Demeke Desta. "Determinants of modern contraceptive preference among mothers (15-49 years) in central zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia; qualitative study finding." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i2.7791.

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Contraceptive method choice is a fundamental indicator of quality of care in a family planning program. Contraceptive choice is one component of quality in family planning and offering minimum of three modern methods of contraceptives is a critical indicator. One-third of developing countries have many skewed method mixes, which is a risky for discontinuation, contraceptive dissatisfaction and unintended pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of contraceptive is highly skewed, 76% for injectable. Therefore, the purpose of qualitative study was to assess determinants of modern contraceptive preference among reproductive age (15-49 years) in Central Zone of Tigray.Methodology: the study was conducted in the central zone of Tigray and community, and facility based qualitative cross-sectional study was applied. Six focus group discussion entails of reproductive age mothers and 15 In-depth Interview with health workers constitutes the sample. Data was first transcribed and then translated into English language. Open code software was applied to analyze data and data was coded segment by segment then categorized using thematic analysis to give meaning.Result: community’s awareness and acceptance to use modern contraceptives have improved from time to time. Contraceptive preference is determined by community acceptance, health care system problem, individual context and socio-cultural problem. For majority of respondents, preference to long acting contraceptive is mainly influenced by husband.Conclusion: currently, women are preferring short-acting contraceptive preferably injectable than long acting.Implanon is preferred next to injectable. A strong information, education and communication that address all portions of the population and able to change the community’s attitude should do at the grass root level.

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Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Yeaynmarnesh Asmare Bukayaw, Seblewongel Tigabu Yigizaw, and Dessie Abebaw Angaw. "Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244642.

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Introduction Hypertension is a major public health problem globally and it is a leading cause of death and disability in developing countries. This review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted at the electronic databases (PubMed, Hinari, and Google Scholar) to locate potential studies. Heterogeneity between studies checked using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test statistics and small study effect were checked using Egger’s statistical test at 5% significance level. Sensitivity analysis was checked. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in Ethiopia. Results In this review, 38 studies that are conducted in Ethiopia and fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total number of 51,427 study participants were reviewed. The overall pooled prevalence of hypertension in the country was 21.81% (95% CI: 19.20–24.42, I2 = 98.35%). The result of the review also showed that the point of prevalence was higher among males (23.21%) than females (19.62%). When we see the pervasiveness of hypertension from provincial perspective; the highest prevalence of hypertension was observed in Addis Ababa (25.35%) and the lowest was in Tigray region (15.36%). In meta-regression analysis as the mean age increases by one year, the likelihood of developing hypertension increases by a factor of 0.58 times (β = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.31–0.86, R2 = 36.67). Male sex (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61, I2 = 81.35%), age > 35 years (OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 2.57–5.02, I2 = 93.48%), overweight and/or obese (OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 2.12–5.26, I2 = 95.41%), khat chewing (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: I2 = 62%), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.21–1.85, I2 = 64%), family history of hypertension (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.64–3.99, I2 = 83.28%), and family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.85–7.59, I2 = 89.9%) are significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion Hypertension is becoming a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Nearly two out of ten individuals who are older than 18 years living with hypertension. Sex, age, overweight and/or obese, khat chewing, alcohol consumption, and family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus are statistically significant determinant factors for hypertension in Ethiopia. Primary attention should be given for behavioral risk factors to tackle the alarming increase of hypertension in Ethiopia.

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Aregawi, Hailay Gebretnsae, Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwot, Yamane Gebremariam Abebe, Kidanu Gebremariam Meles, and Alem Desta Wuneh. "Determinants of defaulting from completion of child immunization in Laelay Adiabo District, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study." PLOS ONE 12, no. 9 (September 27, 2017): e0185533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185533.

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Ajemu, Kiros Fenta, Abraham Aregay Desta, Asfawosen Aregay Berhe, Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel, and Nega Mamo Bezabih. "Latrine Ownership and Its Determinants in Rural Villages of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2123652.

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Background. Open defecation was largely a rural phenomenon most widely attributed to poor latrine ownership at community level. We aimed at examining latrine ownership and its determinants in rural villages of the Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018. A total of 756 randomly selected households were involved in the study. The multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select study households. Data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-Info version 7. Besides, it was exported to SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was involved to estimate the net effect size of factors associated with latrine ownership. Results. The proportion of households owning latrine was 35.7%. The majority (84.4%) of constructed latrines were utilized by household families. Households advocated latrine IEC by Health Extension Workers (HEWs) (AOR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.269–2.852), living in their private house (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.528–6.401), and the occupation status of government employees (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: 0.586–21.397) are more likely to lead to the construction of latrines. The availability of latrine made on slab floor (AOR = 1.790, 95% CI: 0.297–3.102), having a latrine constructed inside the household compound (AOR = 4.463, 95% CI: 1.021–19.516), and delivery of latrine IEC by Women Development Armies (WDAs) (AOR = 2.425, 95% CI: 0.728–8.083) may lead to better latrine utilization at the household level. Conclusion. Households owning latrine at the community level were low. The desired level of latrine ownership will be realized if all sanitation and hygiene components are kept on eye side by side in line with identified predictor factors.

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Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, and Temesgen Yihunie Akalu. "Spatial Pattern and Associated Factors of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Modeling of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2020 (August 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4676591.

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Background. Although there is an increase in having antenatal care (ANC), still many women lack recommended ANC contacts in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining spatial patterns and associated factors of not having ANC visits using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data. Methods. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed based on EDHS data from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A total of 7,462 women were included in the study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize the spatial distribution. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for not having ANC visits in Ethiopia. A multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify individual- and community-level determinants of not having antenatal care. Model comparison was checked using the likelihood test and goodness of fit was assessed by the deviance test. Results. The primary clusters’ spatial window was located in Somalia, Oromia, Afar, Dire Dawa, and Harari regions with the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of 133.02, at p<0.001 level of significance. In this study, Islam religion (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.7 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.52,0.96)), mother education being primary (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI (0.49,0.71)), distance from health facility being a big problem (AOR = 0.76, CI (0.65,0.89)), second birth order (AOR = 1.35, CI (1.03, 1.76)), richer wealth index (AOR = 0.65, CI (0.51,0.82)), rural residence (AOR = 2.38, CI (1.54,3.66)), and high community media exposure (AOR = 0.68, CI (0.52,0.89)) were determinants of not having antenatal care in Ethiopia. Conclusion. The spatial distribution of ANC in Ethiopia is non-random. A higher proportion of not having ANC is found in northeast Amhara, west Benishangul Gumuz, Somali, Afar, north, and northeast SNNPR. On the other hand, a low proportion of not having ANC was found in Tigray, Addis Ababa, and Dire Dawa. In Ethiopia, not having antenatal care is affected by both individual- and community-level factors. Prompt attention by the Federal Ministry of Health is compulsory to improve ANC especially in rural residents, uneducated women, poor households, and regions like Oromia, Gambella, and Somalia.

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Haftom, Mekonnen, and Pammla M. Petrucka. "Determinants of Face Mask Utilization to Prevent Covid-19 Pandemic among Quarantined Adults in Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia, 2020." Clinical Nursing Research 30, no. 7 (May 6, 2021): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10547738211013219.

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A face mask is a vital component of personal protective equipment to prevent potentially contagious respiratory infections. There was a lack of evidence showing the proportion and determinants of face mask use in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify face mask utilization determinants to prevent spread of the Covid-19 pandemic among quarantined adults in Tigrai region, northern Ethiopia. A total of 331 participants selected using a systematic random sampling method were included in the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed. After describing the variables using frequencies, means, and standard deviations, multivariable logistic regression determined factors associated with face mask utilization to prevent COVID-19 spread. The study participants were primarily males (70%) and mean age was 30.5 ( SD = 11) years. Nearly half of the participants reported they did not wear a face mask when leaving home. Face mask utilization was significantly associated with knowledge score, employment status, gender, age, and educational status of the study participants.

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Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Selamawit Gebeyehu, Peter Memiah, and Melaku Desta. "Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245252.

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Background The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Dimensions and Summon per country online databases. Search terms used were; breast self-examination, breast cancer screening, early detection of breast cancer and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15 software. The pooled meta-analysis was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We identified 2,637 studies, of which, 40 articles (with 17,820 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of breast self-examination in Ethiopia was 36.72% (95% CI: 29.90, 43.53). The regional distribution breast self-examination ranged from 21.2% (95% CI: 4.49, 37.91) in Tigray to 61.5% (95% CI: 53.98, 69.02) in Gambela region. The lowest prevalence of breast self-examination was observed among the general population (20.43% (95% CI: 14.13, 26.72)). Women who had non-formal educational status (OR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77)), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.39)), good knowledge of breast self-examination (OR = 4.8 (95% CI: 3.03, 7.6)) and favorable attitude toward breast self-examination (OR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.66, 4.55)) were significantly associated with practice of breast self-examination. Conclusions Only a third of women in Ethiopia practiced breast examination despite WHO guidelines advocating for this practice among all women of reproductive age. Intervention programs should address the factors that are associated with breast self-examination. Population specific programs are needed to promote breast self-examination.

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Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Anna Ziersch, Sara Javanparast, and Lillian Mwanri. "Relapse into Undernutrition in a Nutritional Program in HIV Care and the Impact of Food Insecurity: A Mixed-Methods Study in Tigray Region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020732.

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The relapse into undernutrition after nutritional recovery among those enrolled in a nutritional program is a common challenge of nutritional programs in HIV care settings, but there is little evidence on the determinants of the relapse. Nutritional programs in HIV care settings in many countries are not well designed to sustain the gains obtained from enrolment in a nutritional program. This study examined relapse into undernutrition and associated factors among people living with HIV in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative and qualitative studies. Among those who graduated from the nutritional program, 18% of adults and 7% of children relapsed into undernutrition. The mean time to relapse for adults was 68.5 months (95% CI, 67.0–69.9). Various sociodemographic, clinical, and nutritional characteristics were associated with a relapse into undernutrition. A considerable proportion of adults and children relapsed after nutritional recovery. Food insecurity and poor socioeconomic status were a common experience among those enrolled in the nutritional program. Hence, nutritional programs should design strategies to sustain the nutritional gains of those enrolled in the nutritional programs and address the food insecurity which was reported as one of the contributors to relapse into undernutrition among the program participants.

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Tukue, Desta, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Lemlem Gebremariam, Bereket Aregawi, Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos, Tsega Gebremichael, Haben Nuguse Tesfay, and Zekarias Gessesse Arefaine. "Prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among women in the reproductive age group in Edaga-hamus Town, Eastern zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia, June 2017." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): e0227795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227795.

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Addisu, Eshetie Gizachew, Abiot Sinamo Boltena, and Samson Yohannes Amare. "Case-Based Reasoning Framework for Malaria Diagnosis." International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 12, no. 6 (December 8, 2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2020.06.04.

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Malaria is life threatening disease in Ethiopia specifically in Tigray region. Having common symptoms with other diseases makes it complex and challenging to diagnose effectively. In this paper case based reasoning framework for malaria diagnosis has been designed to diminish the challenges faced by inexperienced practitioners during malaria diagnosis and to solve the problem on shortage of health professionals. The required knowledge for this study was collected through interview and document analysis from domain experts, malaria patient history cards and other related relevant documents. In the case acquisition process the manual format of cases makes the process too challenging. Decision tree is used to model the acquired knowledge. The case structure was then constructed using the selected most determinant attributes. Machine learning approach is applied to select the most relevant features. Feature-vector case representation technique is applied to represent the collected malaria cases. Jcolibri programming tool integrated with Eclipse and Nearest Neighbor retrieval algorithm are used to design the framework. To the end based on the results we can say that the machine learning approach can be used to select most relevant attributes in diseases having several common symptoms and designing case-based diagnosis frameworks could overcome the main problems observed in health centers of Tigray. As an artifact the framework is evaluated by statistical analysis, comparative evaluation, user evaluation and other evaluation techniques. Averagely 79 % precision, 89 % recall, 91.4% accuracy and 78.8% domain expert’s evaluation was the results scored.

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Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Desta Abraha Weldegeorges, Yared Hailesilassie, Weldu Mammo Werid, Mulu Gebretsadik Weldemariam, Fissaha Tekulu Welay, Senait Gebreslasie Gebremeskel, et al. "Determinants of Uterine Rupture and Its Management Outcomes among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Public Hospitals of Tigrai, North Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case Control Study." Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8878037.

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Introduction. Uterine rupture is a leading cause of maternal death in Ethiopia. Despite strengthening the health care system and providing basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care closer to the communities, uterine rupture continues to produce devastating maternal and fetal outcomes. Although risk factors of uterine rupture are context specific, there is lack of clarity in our context towards the contributing factors and untoward outcomes of uterine rupture. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of uterine rupture and its impacts in public hospitals of Tigrai. Objective. This study would identify determinant factors of uterine rupture and its management outcomes among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals in Tigrai region, North Ethiopia. Method. A retrospective hospital-based unmatched case control study design was implemented with 135 cases of women with uterine rupture and 270 controls of women without uterine rupture. Cases were enrolled consecutively from case notes of women who gave birth from 1/9/2015 to 30/6/2019, while charts (case note) of women without uterine rupture found following the cases were selected randomly and enrolled. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was used to identify the determinants of uterine rupture. Result. Mothers referred from remote health institutions (AOR 7.29 (95% CI: 2.7, 19.68)), mothers who visited once for antenatal care (AOR 2.85 (95% CI: 1.02, 7.94)), those experiencing obstructed labor (AOR 13.33 (95% CI: 4.23, 42.05)), and birth weight of a newborn greater than four kilograms (AOR 5.68 (95% CI: 1.39, 23.2)) were significantly associated with uterine rupture. From 135 mothers who develop uterine rupture, 13 (9.6%) mothers died and 101 (74.8%) fetuses were stillborn. Obstetrical complications like abdominal hysterectomy in 75 (55.6%) of mothers and excessive blood loss in 84 (57.8%) were additional untoward outcomes of uterine rupture. Conclusion. Referrals from remote health institutions, once-visited antenatal care, obstructed labor, and birth weight of newborns greater than four kilograms were significant determinants of uterine rupture. Maternal death, stillbirth, hysterectomy, and hemorrhage were adverse outcomes. The findings of this study suggest early identification of factors that expose to uterine rupture during antenatal care, labor, and delivery must be attended to and further prospective studies are needed to explore predictors of untoward outcomes. Knowing the determinants of uterine rupture helps prevent the occurrence of a problem in pregnant women, which reduces maternal morbidity and mortality, and would have a tremendous help in identifying the best optional strategies in our current practices. This assertion was added to the abstract concluding session.

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Defar, Atkure, Yemisrach B. Okwaraji, Zemene Tigabu, Lars Åke Persson, and Kassahun Alemu. "Distance, difference in altitude and socioeconomic determinants of utilisation of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia: a geographic and multilevel modelling analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e042095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042095.

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ObjectiveWe assessed whether geographic distance and difference in altitude between home to health facility and household socioeconomic status were associated with utilisation of maternal and child health services in rural Ethiopia.DesignHousehold and health facility surveys were conducted from December 2018 to February 2019.SettingForty-six districts in the Ethiopian regions: Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples.ParticipantsA total of 11 877 women aged 13–49 years and 5786 children aged 2–59 months were included.Outcome measuresThe outcomes were four or more antenatal care visits, facility delivery, full child immunisation and utilisation of health services for sick children. A multilevel analysis was carried out with adjustments for potential confounding factors.ResultsOverall, 39% (95% CI: 35 to 42) women had attended four or more antenatal care visits, and 55% (95% CI: 51 to 58) women delivered at health facilities. One in three (36%, 95% CI: 33 to 39) of children had received full immunisations and 35% (95% CI: 31 to 39) of sick children used health services. A long distance (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.57; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.96) and larger difference in altitude (AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.59) were associated with fewer facility deliveries. Larger difference in altitude was associated with a lower proportion of antenatal care visits (AOR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.74). A higher wealth index was associated with a higher proportion of antenatal care visits (AOR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.75) and health facility deliveries (AOR=2.11; 95% CI: 2.11 to 6.48). There was no association between distance, difference in altitude or wealth index and children being fully immunised or seeking care when they were sick.ConclusionAchieving universal access to maternal and child health services will require not only strategies to increase coverage but also targeted efforts to address the geographic and socioeconomic differentials in care utilisation, especially for maternal health.Trial registration numberISRCTN12040912.

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Manukonda, Rajeev Varma, Enyew Debash, S. Esen Tsegaye, and Dharmaraya Ingale. "Lightning Deaths in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 1 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-083x.2018.00003.1.

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Tefera, A. S., J. O. Ayoade, and N. J. Bello. "Drought Occurrence Pattern in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i7.23.

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Adugna, Aynalem. "Regional Economic Favoritism and Redistributive Politics as a Public Good: The Case of Tigray Region in Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n1p1.

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The study investigated whether or not misdirection of public resources to a favored region brings material improvements in the lives of the population that is alleged to be receiving the resources.  In this study, the region in question is Tigray province in northern Ethiopia.  Economic data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) are examined with a focus on Tigray Region.  The neighboring Amhara Region is used as control. Sample data on 1734 households from Tigray and 1902 households from Amhara Region were analyzed without weighting using the statistical software SAS 9.4 and the Geographic Information System software ArcGIS 10.4.1. We found evidence of a statistically significant advantage for Tigray Region in ownership of four modern amenities – radio, mobile phones, refrigerator, and access to electricity by individual households (p< 0.001). However, we did not find evidence of greater wealth in Tigray for the general population when the analysis was rerun based on DHS’ wealth index. On the contrary, the data for sampling clusters in Tigray appeared to show the region as being poorer than Amhara when viewed through the lens of DHS’ wealth index which is a more comprehensive measure of economic wellbeing than owning a radio or possessing a mobile phone.  A one-tailed Wilcoxon Man-Whitney U statistic of DHS’ wealth index for Tigray and Amhara Regions showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) with a higher mean score for Amhara Region (1870.3) than for Tigray Region (1761.6) suggesting a better economic standing for the population of Amhara Region than Tigray Region. We also found Amhara Region to be more egalitarian and Tigray Region less so on the scale of livelihoods captured by DHS’ economic indicators. Evidence for this comes from a Geographic Information System (GIS) Kernel Density analysis of DHS’ wealth index which showed what appear to be significant geographic concentrations of both poverty and wealth in Tigray Region.

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Gebrehiwot, Tagel, and Anne van der Veen. "Climate change vulnerability in Ethiopia: disaggregation of Tigray Region." Journal of Eastern African Studies 7, no. 4 (August 2, 2013): 607–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2013.817162.

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Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros, Tesfamariam Alemayehu, Andrea Bosma, Karen Hanna Witten, and Awash Teklehaimanot. "Community participation in malaria control in Tigray region Ethiopia." Acta Tropica 61, no. 2 (April 1996): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(95)00107-p.

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Finneran, Niall. "The Archeological Landscape of the Shire Region, Western Tigray, Ethiopia." Annales d'Ethiopie 21, no. 1 (2005): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2005.1091.

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Berhe, Gebretsadik. "Abattoir survey on cattle hydatidosis in Tigray Region of Ethiopia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 41, no. 7 (February 28, 2009): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-009-9320-0.

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Haileselasie Gebru, Gebregziabher. "Financing preferences of micro and small enterprise owners in Tigray: does POH hold?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 16, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000910956083.

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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the determinants of financing preferences of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) owners in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia in light of the Pecking Order Hypothesis (POH).Design/methodology/approachStructured questionnaires were used to collect data from 120 MSEs in six zonal towns of Tigray regional state. Logistic regression model was used to empirically test the literature‐driven hypotheses.FindingsKey findings include that POH holds true for MSE owners in Tigray regional state as the educational level of owners decreases and there is less intrusion in the form of ownership. On the other hand, MSE owners with a higher degree of entrepreneurial skills are found to conform with the predictions of POH. Furthermore, factors such as ownership type, acquisition type, level of education of the owner/s and reason for business startups are found to be major determinants of MSE owners' financing preferences.Research limitations/implicationsThere are of course elements that could determine MSE owners' financing preferences that require better understanding before a reliable prescriptive position on SME financing can be reached. At the same time, in this paper, data were collected from one regional state of Ethiopia that limits the generalization power of the conclusions reached. A need for more in‐depth qualitative investigation is further pointed out.Originality/valueThe research shows significance of ownership structure, entrepreneurability and MSE owners' education level in financing decisions of MSEs. The paper empirically tests POH in MSEs in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia.

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Kebede, Hagos Zeray, and Glen Schmidt. "Organisational Response to Child Trafficking in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia." Social Change 48, no. 4 (December 2018): 616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718801445.

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Organisations such as the United Nations and the United States Department of State have noted that child trafficking in Ethiopia is a very serious problem. Famine, war and disease have devastated many Ethiopian families and children are particularly vulnerable to human trafficking that is internal and external in nature. This qualitative exploratory research examined the perceived effectiveness of the agency and organiational responses to the problem of child trafficking in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. A total of 13 child care organisational managers and directors were recruited from the Tigray regional capital of Mekelle. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interview transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis pointed to challenges and difficulties in funding childcare organisations, problems in identifying victims, poor coordination between agencies, and a lack of leadership from the Mekelle Child Centre Forum.

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Belay, Gebrekiros Hagos, Kebede Abrha Mengstu, Hassen Mehammedberhan Kahsay, Gholamhossein Hosseininia, Ahsen Işık Özgüven, Ants-Hannes Viira, and Hossein Azadi. "Determinants of smallholder commercialization of livestock: A case study from Tigray, Ethiopia." Cogent Food & Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1921950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1921950.

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BERHE, K., G. WELDESELASSIE, J. BETTRIDGE, R. M. CHRISTLEY, and R. D. ABDI. "Small ruminant pasteurellosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia: marked serotype diversity may affect vaccine efficacy." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 7 (January 23, 2017): 1326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600337x.

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalentBibersteinia, MannheimiaandPasteurellaserotypes, risk factors and degree of serotype co-infections in sheep and goats in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Serum was collected from 384 sheep and goats from the Tanqua-Abergelle district of Tigray region using cross-sectional random sampling. An indirect haemagglutination test was used for serotyping. Risk factors for infections were evaluated by logistic regression. Potential clustering of multiple serotypes within individual animals due to common risk factors was evaluated by redundancy analysis. Eight serotypes were identified: all studied animals were serologically positive for at least one serotype. Overall, 355 (92·45%) of the animals were infected by four or more serotypes. Of the five risk factors studied, peasant association (PA), animal species, age (serotype A1), and bodyweight (serotype T15) were significantly associated with infection, but sex was not significant. Only PA explained a significant proportion of the variation (adjustedR2= 0·16) in the serological responses. After the effect of PA was accounted for, T3 and T4; A7 andPasteurella multocidaA; and A7 and T10 were positively correlated for co-infection, while T4 and T10 were less likely to be found within the same animal. Diverse serotypes were circulating in the Tigray region and could be a challenge in selecting serotypes for vaccine.

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Berhe, Abera Aregawi, Abraham Desta Aregay, Alemnesh Araya Abreha, Asfawosen Berhe Aregay, Ataklti Weldegebrial Gebretsadik, Degnesh Zigta Negash, Equbay Gebru Gebreegziabher, Kiros Ghebremedhin Demoz, Kiros Ajemu Fenta, and Nega Bezabih Mamo. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene among Rural Residents in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5460168.

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Background. Poor hygienic practices, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitary conditions play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. Lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on WASH is one of the most imperative causes for transmission of infectious diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural residents on water, sanitation, and hygiene in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 759 households in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and practice on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Descriptive data analysis was done to present the study findings. Results. The response rate was 99.6%, and 574 (75.9%) of the respondents were females. Good knowledge, favorable attitude, and good practice on WASH were observed in 42.2% (95% CI: 38.7%, 45.7%), 48.5% (95% CI: 44.9%, 52.0%), and 49.2% (95% CI: 45.6%, 52.7%) of the respondents, respectively. Conclusions. Poor knowledge, unfavorable attitude, and poor practice on WASH were common amongst the residents in rural Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Therefore, the health extension programs at primary health care should be revitalized in a way that can enhance the interventional measures to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice on WASH.

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Tefere, Mulu, Dambush Hadush, and Leake Abrha. "The Effect of Tourism Growth on Job Creation and its Determinants in Tigray Region." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 10(3) (June 30, 2021): 1013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-146.

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The objective of this study is to examine the effect of tourism growth on job creation and its determinants in Tigray. Descriptive research design was used in the study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire from purposively selected 102 hotels, tour guides, handicraft producers and sellers, and tourism offices. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation and regression. The results of the study showed, limited infrastructure hinders stimulation of tourism and employment. Tourism growth has great contribution to employment creation in Tigray. The result indicates more effort is required to improve the factors that can affect tourism growth. Significant positive correlation exists between tourism growth and employment creation. Moreover, the proportion of the variation in tourism growth is explained by expanding infrastructure, accommodations, and education and training. The number of employees under star hotels, tour guides, handicraft producers and sellers, and tourism offices were growing in the last four years. Implications from this study indicate that Tigray Culture and Tourism Bureau should work in collaboration with private and governmental local stake holders and international development organizations to improve the infrastructural facilities of tourism and tourism promotional capability.

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Dagne, AW. "Household Storage Of Medicines And Associated Factors In Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Value in Health 20, no. 9 (October 2017): A663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.08.1599.

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Lyons, Diane, and Andrea Freeman. "‘I'm not evil’: materialising identities of marginalised potters in Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 44, no. 1 (April 2009): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00671990902795772.

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Birhane, E., T. Mengistu, Y. Seyoum, N. Hagazi, L. Putzel, M. Mekonen Rannestad, and H. Kassa. "Exclosures as forest and landscape restoration tools: lessons from Tigray Region, Ethiopia." International Forestry Review 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554817822330498.

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Katabarwa, Moses N., Tekola Endeshaw, Aseged Taye, Zerihun Tadesse, and Richards O. Frank. "The disappearance of onchocerciasis without intervention in Tigray Region in Northwest Ethiopia." Pathogens and Global Health 108, no. 3 (April 2014): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047772414z.000000000198.

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Hailelule, Aleme, and G/meskel Yibrah. "Retrospective study on rabies at selected districts of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 9, no. 3 (March 31, 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jphe2015.0743.

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Gebretinsae, Teweldemedhn, and Yayneshet Tesfay. "Honeybee Colony Marketing Practices In Werieleke District Of The Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Bee World 91, no. 2 (January 2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2014.11417590.

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Gebregziabher, Dawit, and Arezoo Soltani. "Exclosures in people’s minds: perceptions and attitudes in the Tigray region, Ethiopia." Forest Policy and Economics 101 (April 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.012.

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Wondimu, Abrham, Fantahun Molla, Birhanu Demeke, Tadele Eticha, Admassu Assen, Solomon Abrha, and Wondim Melkam. "Household Storage of Medicines and Associated Factors in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2015): e0135650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135650.

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Machado, Maria J., Alfredo Pérez-González, and Gerardo Benito. "Paleoenvironmental Changes during the Last 4000 yr in the Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Quaternary Research 49, no. 3 (May 1998): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1965.

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In the Tigray region at the northern Ethiopian Highlands, paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on several infilled valley deposit sequences suggests that the past 4000 yr comprised three major wetter periods (ca. 4000–3500 yr B.P., 2500–1500 yr B.P., and 1000–960 yr B.P.), during which soils were formed, and two degradation episodes (ca. 3500–2500 yr B.P. and 1500–1000 yr B.P.), during which there was an increase of sediment yield from the slopes into the valleys. For the past 1000 yr, and in particular since the early 17th century, stratigraphic records together with historic chronicles suggest increasing aridity. Although difficulties arise in distinguishing between natural and human impacts, particularly in a region with a long established agricultural background, stratigraphical and proxy paleoclimatic data have indicated climate as the main controlling factor responsible for the environmental changes in the Tigray.

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Paff, Kirsten E., Senthold Asseng, A. Araya, J. Davison, A. Getu, and Okubay Giday. "Experimental field data for modeling the growth response of tef to nitrogen fertilizer and water stress." Open Data Journal for Agricultural Research 5 (April 21, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/odjar.v5i0.16228.

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Field data from six experiments covering a wide range of growing conditions were organized for tef growth and cropping systems modeling. The data included (i) an irrigation experiment in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, (ii) a cultivar trial at Fallon, NV, USA, (iii) a nitrogen fertilizer experiment in the Jamma District of Ethiopia, (iv) a nitrogen fertilizer experiment in the Ofla District of Ethiopia, (v) a nitrogen fertilizer experiment in the Ada area of Ethiopia, and (vi) a nitrogen fertilizer experiment at Gare Arera, Ethiopia. The combined data set covered 40 experimental treatments and 131 observations. Time series data were limited to biomass data from two treatments from the Tigray region experiment. All other crop related data was measured at maturity. Daily weather data was taken primarily from satellite weather databases for Ethiopia, and from weather stations in the USA. These data have been used in various agronomic studies, as well as the calibration of the DSSAT Tef model. The results of this model calibration are also included in this paper. The objective of this paper was to present and preserve all of the field data used for calibrating the DSSAT Tef model, as well as the tef model’s simulations of the field data.

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Yohannes, Mekonnen, Zerihun Abebe, and Eline Boelee. "Prevalence and environmental determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural communities in Tigray, northern Ethiopia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13, no. 9 (September 26, 2019): e0007722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007722.

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Fanta, Fassil, and Mukti P. Upadhyay. "Determinants of household supply of labour in food-for-work programme in Tigray, Ethiopia." Applied Economics 41, no. 5 (February 2009): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840601007419.

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Padovese, Valeska, Rosalia Marrone, Federica Dassoni, Pascal Vignally, Gebre A. Barnabas, and Aldo Morrone. "The diagnostic challenge of mapping elephantiasis in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia." International Journal of Dermatology 55, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13120.

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Woldenhanna, T., and A. Oskam. "Income diversification and entry barriers: evidence from the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia." Food Policy 26, no. 4 (August 2001): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9192(01)00009-4.

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