Dissertations / Theses: 'Determinants of consumption'

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Mulenga, Ben. "Determinants of life insurance consumption: Evidence from Zambia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32877.

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Life insurance has over the years emerged as one of the drivers of financial sector development. The savings mobilisation and financial intermediation functions have backed the growing importance of this investment source. Low penetration levels in Zambia have pointed to a vast untapped market and a potential source of financial sector development. Life insurance growth prospects in the country remain optimistic on the back of a growing population and increasing urbanisation. This study examined the impact of selected macroeconomic variables, namely income, inflation and financial development on life insurance demand in Zambia using annual time series secondary data from the period 1995 to 2017. The study utilised the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) in conducting econometric investigations. Findings from the study show that financial development negatively influences life insurance, while inflation has a positive effect at a 5% significance level. Further, the study finds no significant long-term relationship between income and life insurance. However, in the shortrun, a unidirectional causal relationship between life penetration and income exist. In conclusion, the study recommends that the Government prioritises the expansion of the financial sector through the central bank and other regulators in the industry. Policy reforms should be aimed at increasing financial inclusion and deepening the financial sector, as well as increasing access to financial services and products. The study further recommends that life insurance companies should augment Government efforts by increasing sensitisation and marketing of life insurance products and services.

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Xue, Xiang. "Determinants of Consumer Behavior in an e-Commerce Environment." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/XueX2002.pdf.

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Chandorkar, Pankaj Avinash. "The determinants of UK Equity Risk Premium." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11860.

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Equity Risk Premium (ERP) is the cornerstone in Financial Economics. It is a basic requirement in stock valuation, evaluation of portfolio performance and asset allocation. For the last decades, several studies have attempted to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic drivers of ERP. In this work, I empirically investigate the macroeconomic determinants of UK ERP. For this I parsimoniously cover a large body of literature stemming from ERP puzzle. I motivate the empirical investigation based on three mutually exclusive theoretical lenses. The thesis is organised in the journal paper format. In the first paper I review the literature on ERP over the past twenty-eight years. In particular, the aim of the paper is three fold. First, to review the methods and techniques, proposed by the literature to estimate ERP. Second, to review the literature that attempts to resolve the ERP puzzle, first coined by Mehra and Prescott (1985), by exploring five different types of modifications to the standard utility framework. And third, to review the literature that investigates and develops relationship between ERP and various macroeconomic and market factors in domestic and international context. I find that ERP puzzle is still a puzzle, within the universe of standard power utility framework and Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model, a conclusion which is in line with Kocherlakota (1996) and Mehra (2003). In the second paper, I investigate the impact of structural monetary policy shocks on ex-post ERP. More specifically, the aim of this paper is to investigate the whether the response of UK ERP is different to the structural monetary policy shocks, before and after the implementation of Quantitative Easing in the UK. I find that monetary policy shocks negatively affect the ERP at aggregate level. However, at the sectoral level, the magnitude of the response is heterogeneous. Further, monetary policy shocks have a significant negative (positive) impact on the ERP before (after) the implementation of Quantitative Easing (QE). The empirical evidence provided in the paper sheds light on the equity market’s asymmetric response to the Bank of England’s monetary policy before and after the monetary stimulus. In the third paper I examine the impact of aggregate and disaggregate consumption shocks on the ex-post ERP of various FTSE indices and the 25 Fama-French style value-weighted portfolios, constructed on the basis of size and book-to-market characteristics. I extract consumption shocks using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) and investigate its time-series and cross-sectional implications for ERP in the UK. These structural consumption shocks represent deviation of agent’s actual consumption path from its theoretically expected path. Aggregate consumption shocks seem to explain significant time variation in the ERP. At disaggregated level, when the actual consumption is less than expected, the ERP rises. Durable and Semi-durable consumption shocks have a greater impact on the ERP than non-durable consumption shocks. In the fourth and final paper I investigate the impact of short and long term market implied volatility on the UK ERP. I also examine the pricing implications of innovations to short and long term implied market volatility in the cross-section of stocks returns. I find that both the short and the long term implied volatility have significant negative impact on the aggregate ERP, while at sectoral level the impact is heterogeneous. I find both short and long term volatility is priced negatively indicating that (i) investors care both short and long term market implied volatility (ii) investors are ready to pay for insurance against these risks.

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Josa, Csaba Szabolcs Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "International financial services: determinants of bancassurance demand and life insurance consumption." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Banking and Finance, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26127.

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This thesis is a pioneer study that examines the growing importance of global insurance markets and the factors that determine continued success and viability. A couple of issues relating to risk and insurance that have not been examined to such an extent in previous studies are represented through the examination of two of the fastest growing areas within international insurance services, namely those of global bancassurance and life insurance markets. Firstly, this thesis establishes what determines the demand for bancassurance using a sample of 73 companies from 28 developed and developing countries from across the globe. Methodological improvements are made on previous studies through the use of the advanced estimation technique known as Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) which helps account for such inconsistencies as measurement errors, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and endogeneity. The results obtained both extend and reconcile existing literature in the field of bancassurance. Secondly, the determinants that influence the level of life insurance consumption throughout the OECD are scrutinized with a particular focus on the influence of systems of law. Thus far no other study has attempted to discover the relationship between life insurance consumption patterns and the legal systems in place within a given nation. The key finding highlights the importance of systems of law on consumption patterns, and specifies that there is a significant positive relationship between the French and German civil-law systems and the level of life insurance consumption within the OECD. In addition, the findings in regards to other demographic, macroeconomic and social determinants extend as well as support the existing literature in the field of life insurance.

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Kolbe, Phillip Theodore. "The determinants of residential consumption as a consequence of interregional migration." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184383.

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The focus of this study was to further the understanding of the importance of household characteristics in the tenure (buy or rent) decision-making process. The links between behavior and household factors for in-migrants were examined and a behavior model was developed to explain the housing choices of renters who had recently migrated. Apartment renters with five years or less residency in Tucson, Arizona were surveyed to determine what factors explain their tenure decisions. The study sought answers to the question of why so few new arrivals were buying homes when affordability was at the best level it had been in five years. The methodology of the study involved two surveys: a preliminary personal survey to screen for newcomers and an in-depth self-administered survey. The mail-back survey was effectively utilized to obtain data on the characteristics, perceptions, and homebuying intentions of renting newcomers. The results of the survey supported four main hypotheses: (1) The tenure decision is directly related to residential history in prior locations and in the current city. (2) Socio-demographic determinants impose significant effects on the tenure decisions of in-migrants. In addition to the oft-researched population variables, leisure factors were incorporated in this analysis of life cycle. (3) Place ties exert influence as pull factors in the tenure decision. Place ties to past residences and to potential future destinations inhibit home purchasing decisions, while place ties to the current city retard migration and facilitate homebuying. (4) The tenure decision is impacted and restricted by economic constraints. The economic constraints go beyond income to include down payments, pricing, financing, and previous home sales.

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Nogare, Chiara Dalle. "Essays in fiscal policy : political determinants and effects on private consumption." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272920.

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Islam, Md Imranul. "Energy consumption determinants for apparel sewing operations: an approach to environmental sustainability." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32838.

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Doctor of Philosophy Department of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design Melody L. A. LeHew Fashion is the second most polluting industry and accounts for 10% of global carbon emissions. Consuming fossil fuel based electricity, the primary source of energy in the apparel production process, causes a great deal of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Due to ever-increasing apparel demand and population growth, this industry’s carbon footprint will only grow bigger. As attention on sustainability issues in our world intensifies, research on environmental sustainability in the apparel manufacturing industry is needed. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate energy consumption (EC) of the apparel sewing process. The objectives are to (a) identify the most influential EC factors and develop a model to capture EC levels, (b) determine factor interrelationships, (c) identify steps to reduce EC, and (d) explore experts' level of concern regarding EC of the apparel manufacturing and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A mixed method research study was employed in this study: a qualitative method was utilized to assess expert perceptions and a quantitative method was used to measure EC and build a regression model. This study determined dominant EC and GHG emissions factors from sewing process so that apparel manufacturers can understand which factors need to be controlled to reduce environmental damage. Findings from the study indicated sewing machine motor capacity, sewing speed, and standard allocated minute (SAM) were the most influential EC factors, and shortening the sewing time was found as the best solution to reduce energy consumption in the apparel sewing process. The energy consumption model was found as: Log (EC) = 9.283 + 0.771* log (SAM) + 0.386*knit fabric type + 0.260*sportswear fabric type + 0.080*SPI - 0.008*capacity + 0.004*seam length - 0.001* speed + 0.495. The EC model along with GHG calculator (a tool to convert GHG from EC) will help the industry to determine their EC and GHG emissions level to boost their awareness and to encourage greater impetus for environmental actions. Finally, this study will help designers, retailers, and consumers to pursue environmentally friendly actions in terms of decisions regarding apparel design, sourcing, and purchasing.

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Chau, Cecilia, and den Broucke Stephan Van. "Alcohol consumption and its determinants among Peruvian university students: A focus group study." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102067.

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A qualitative study was performed using the focus group methodology with first year university students in Greater Lima, to learn about their drinking habits and explore the main determinants of their alcohol consumption. Four homogeneous focus groups (by gender and social class) were organized, with group sizes between 5 and 9. Content analysis of the discussions revealed that the stressors experienced by these students are similar to those of other western adolescents, yet that economic difficulties and weight concerns (among females) provide additional stress. Expectancies towards alcohol were predominantly positive and partly reflected those of American adolescents (social enhancement, tension reduction and improved cognitive/motor abilities), although additional expectancies were mentioned (pleasure, diversion, loss of inhibitions, selfconfidence and group acceptance) and others were considered less important (sexual enhancement, increased arousal, and cognitive/motor impairment). Self-efficacy to refuse alcohol was not perceived as an important determinant of alcohol use. Se presenta un estudio cualitativo –focus group- para conocer los hábitos de consumo del alcohol y los principales determinantes de su uso entre estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se organizaron cuatro grupos homogéneos (por género y nivel socio económico) con 5 a 9 participantes. El análisis de contenido reveló que los estresores experimentados son similares a los reportados por los adolescentes occidentales, sin embargo, reportaron estrés adicional por las dificultades económicas y el control de peso (entre las mujeres).Las expectativas sobre el alcohol fueron positivas y reflejaron lo mismo que en los adolescentes norteamericanos (mejora social, reducción de la tensión y mejora de habilidades motoras/cognitivas), aunque también se mencionaron expectativas adicionales (placer, diversión, pérdida de inhibiciones, auto confianza y aceptación del grupo). Otras fueron consideradas menos importantes (mejora sexual, incremento de la activación y deterioro cognitivo/motor). La autoeficacia para rechazar el alcohol no fue percibida como un determinanteimportante entre los participantes.

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Das, Gupta Amlan. "Essays on some determinants of food-security and consumption of nutrients in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50671.

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This thesis is motivated by the unique experience of India regarding economic growth and the corresponding impact on nutritional status. Despite sustained periods of growth, malnutrition levels in India have shown modest improvement. Moreover, average calorie consumption in the country is going down even as consumption expenditure and incomes go up. The objective of this thesis is to shed light on some possible causes of this puzzling phenomenon. The second chapter is a theoretical exploration of the possibility that preference for conspicuous consumption could be a factor contributing to this decline in calorie consumption. This chapter starts by incorporating status seeking preferences in a dual-economy general equilibrium model and then demonstrates that, in such a setting, economic growth could lead to a fall in calorie consumption across the income distribution even with incomes rising at the same time. In Chapter 3 the implications of the main assumption of "keeping up with the Jones" preferences, from the theoretical model of Chapter 2, is tested in the data. This assumption implies that household calorie consumption should decline with peer group income. So the effect of peer group income on calorie consumption is estimated using World Bank data collected from rural India. Using these estimates it is roughly estimated that Veblen competition can account for more than a third of the missing calories. A unique source of variation in peer group income, based on caste-wise domination across villages, is used for identification. The fourth chapter looks at the impact of the public food distribution system (PDS) in India, on the household per capita consumption of calories and proteins. This effect is identified using random shocks introduced into the delivery system of PDS through the impact of rainfall on agricultural output in the state which is the largest supplier of grains to the system. The results suggest that a rise in PDS performance has different effect in different regions in the country. Yet, for those who benefit from this system, the impact on nutrient consumption and malnutrition is significant and large. Arts, Faculty of Vancouver School of Economics Graduate

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Kondeh, Sahr M'Gbenbo. "The determinants of household consumption expenditure patterns in Sierra Leone : an empirical investigation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336839.

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Roos, Daniel [Verfasser], and Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Hahn. "Understanding social-psychological determinants and effects of collaborative consumption / Daniel Roos ; Betreuer: Rüdiger Hahn." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142977641/34.

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Karuppusamy, Sadasivan. "The determinants and trends in household energy consumption in United States during 2001-2009." Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607575.

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Objective: The focus of this study is a broad examination of household energy consumption for appliance use, space heating, space cooling, and water heating in United States over the period 2001-2009 using Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) from the years 2001 and 2009. Methods: Linear Regression Analysis is used to identfy determinants of household energy consumption for each of the end uses. Regression based decomposition analysis is used to identify trends in residential energy consumption for each of the end uses. Results: The study identified current determinants of household energy consumption for each of the end uses. These determinants are employed in the study to predict trends in household energy consumption for each of the end uses. Based on the results policy interventions at local and federal level for energy conservation are suggested.

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Ngo, Anh-Thu. "Environmentally responsible consumption of ethanol blended gasoline : behavioural determinants, economic decisions and politics of intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27158/27158.pdf.

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Botha, Adriaan. "Financial behaviours of customers as determinants for risk aversion and insurance consumption in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64886.

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The aim of this research is to determine if there are significant relationships between individual level financial behaviours of customers and the demand for life insurance. The research addresses the gap in the academic literature on the understanding of which financial behaviours of individuals may be useful in determining risk aversion behaviours as assessed by the demand for life insurance. South African life insurance data is used to develop three logistic regression models that predict take-up, lapse and cancellations of insurance respectively. Ten predictor variables were developed to measure the effect of income, savings and debt on the propensity to take-up, lapse or cancel life insurance. The results showed that income, savings and debt were significant predictor variables and provide evidence that these measures may be useful to understanding customer preferences concerning insurance demand. The results show an increase in insurance consumption among low income consumers which is a finding unique to the South African context. The results also confirm that low income customers are at risk of both lapsing and cancelling their life insurance. Low levels of savings and debt may indicate an increase in the demand for life insurance but are also associated with increased risk of lapse. Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017. pa2018 Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) MBA Unrestricted

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Sully, James. "Identifying the determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption among individuals living in rural south west England." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553148.

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Fruit and vegetable consumption determinants among individuals living in two areas of rural south west England were identified using a retail survey, qualitative study and an individual survey. Fruit and vegetable items were assessed using a shopping basket methodology; results showed supermarkets were the cheapest and convenience stores the most expensive store-types with quality, range and availability best in supermarkets. Focus groups were used to elicit beliefs underlying intention to consume Government recommended quantities of fruit and vegetables each day and understand rural individuals' food shopping patterns. Based on these results a postal questionnaire was administered among 1000 rural individuals (response 40.6%) collecting information on TPB variables towards intention to consume five portions of fruit and vegetable each day, actual fruit and vegetable consumption behaviour, food shopping behaviour patterns and demographics. All TPB variables were found to be good predictors of intention with self-efficacy and attitude the strongest predictors: some support was found for the inclusion of self-identity and descriptive norm in healthy eating TPB models. Individual survey data were analysed using descriptive and regression techniques exploring relationships between socio-economic/demographic factors, food shopping patterns, underlying beliefs and fruit and vegetable consumption. Gender, socio-economic status, age, healthy eating knowledge and growing fruit and vegetables predicted fruit and vegetable consumption; groups at risk of under-consuming were men, low/middle socio-economic status, low healthy eating knowledge and younger. No food shopping behaviour patterns predicted fruit and vegetable consumption behaviour and the level of retail provision had no significant effect on consumption. It is suggested that rural 'food deserts' may not exist spatially; they are limited to individuals dependent on less than ideal local retail provision. Beliefs predicting increased fruit and vegetable consumption were: 'fruit and vegetables are inexpensive', 'have good storage capacity' and 'enough time to shop', 'five portions reduces heart disease risk' and 'is enjoyable'.

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Landais, Edwige. "Fruit and vegetable consumption and its determinants amongst Moroccan women, in the context of nutrition transition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12894/.

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Purpose: Morocco is undergoing a nutrition transition, characterised by increasing prevalence non-communicable diseases (NCD), including obesity. In that context, it is crucial to focus on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake as they may have a preventive effect on weight gain and NCDs. Objectives: The objectives of the present work were: to develop an objective measure of F&V intake and to provide a holistic understanding of factors that may influence F&V consumption, such as socio-demographic and psychosocial factors. Methods: The target population was Moroccan women (20-49 years), living in the urban area of Rabat-Salé. This PhD involved three different studies: the first was based on focus groups that yielded qualitative data of women’s views of F&V; the second study involved validating a quantitative F&V Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ); the third a cross sectional population survey-which incorporated findings from studies 1 and 2 to assess dietary intake and the factors influencing F&V consumption. Results: Validation analyses suggested that the quantitative FFQ developed was reliable and valid to measure F&V intake. The mean F&V intake was 213g per day. Women with higher education, higher economic status and better knowledge scores ate significantly larger amounts of F&V than others. Processed food consumption was inversely associated with vegetable intakes. In terms of psychosocial factors, the strongest predictor of intention to eat fruit was control beliefs. Normative beliefs were the strongest predictor of intention to eat vegetables. Intention was the strongest predictor of both fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: The data collected gave an overview of the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed by urban Moroccan women, and enabled a better understanding of the determinants of fruit and vegetable intake. As a consequence, data sheds light on possible avenues for policies and nutrition interventions to focus on in Morocco, in order to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.

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Silvia, Ginige Amala Chandini de. "The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy : a study of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262002.

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Shifren, Rena. "Sharing the Caring: Understanding Determinants and Consequences of Shared Social Responsibility." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293405.

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Shared social responsibility (SSR) has been increasingly promoted in sustainability research. While conceptual development has been expanded, empirical developments are still in their infancy. Extant SSR literature acknowledges that entities like industry, governments, consumers, and others must accept responsibility for achieving a common goal. However, a basic understanding of how consumers view this responsibility in the shared setting is lacking. Since collaborative efforts towards sustainability may be strategically more effective than individual efforts, this research investigates SSR from the consumers' perspective in order to determine how responsibility is assigned to the various entities involved in a specific form of sustainability, "green" product consumption. Perceptions of responsibility may influence future sustainability-minded consumer behavior; hence, this research offers relevant contributions for understanding the shared social dynamic. Utilizing elements of attribution theory, equity theory, and diffusion of responsibility, this research examined how ability, perceived consumer effectiveness, perceptions of equity, and group size influence consumer attribution of responsibility for future "green" product consumption. Three experiments were conducted; the first two used an online scenario-based approach while the third was administered primarily at the University of Arizona. Data was analyzed using various statistical techniques, including multivariate analysis of variance to address the study hypotheses. Results established that consumers share responsibility for future "green" product consumption with corporations, government, and other consumers - but this responsibility is not shared evenly. Under most of the conditions evaluated, corporations, and government to a lesser degree, were attributed significantly more responsibility than consumers assigned themselves. The amount of effort required to use a "green" product, ability to positively change the environment, and equity of an interaction between a consumer and a manufacturer did not affect consumer attribution of responsibility. Group size had some impact, such that consumers who were not made explicitly aware of being in a group and those interacting with one other entity evenly shared responsibility for future "green" product consumption with the others involved. Consumers in larger groups assigned more responsibility to corporations than to themselves. Social loafing was determined not to be a factor in how consumers assigned responsibility in groups of various sizes.

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Seinfeld, Janice, and Francisco Galarza. "Understanding Underage Drinking in Peru: Determinants of Its Frequency and Intensity." Economía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118057.

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Underage drinking is a serious problem worldwide. In the case of Peru, 50% of those who have ever used alcohol started doing so before the age of 13, and 90% before 16. In this study, we examine the correlations of frequency and intensity of underage drinking in Peru. We find that individual characteristics (smoking and carrying guns), exposure to traumatic events (sexual abuse and domestic violence), peer effects, and access to information are significantly correlated with drinking. This highlights the importance of addressing the problem in a comprehensive manner that includes students, parents, schools, and the government, especially considering that policies targeted at adolescents may have multiplier effects. El consumo de alcohol por menores de edad es un problema grave que afecta a todo el mundo. En el Perú, 50% de aquellos que consumieron alcohol alguna vez comenzó antes de los 13 años; y el 90%, antes de los 16. Examinamos las variables correlacionadas con la frecuencia e intensidad de consumo de menores de edad en el Perú. Encontramos que las características individuales (fumar y portar armas), la exposición a eventos traumáticos (como abuso sexual y violencia doméstica), los efectos de pares, y el acceso a la información, se correlacionaron significativamente con dichas decisiones. Este resultado subraya la importancia de abordar el problema de manera integral, incluyendo a los estudiantes escolares, los padres, las escuelas y el gobierno; en especial, si consideramos que las políticas dirigidas a los adolescentes pueden tener efectos multiplicadores.

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Emine, Özen Asli. "Assessment of functional food and beverage consumption among the Balearic Islands population: gender, socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97340.

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Aquesta tesi examina els determinants sociodemogràfics i d'estil de vida del consum d’aliments funcionals i el consum de begudes entre els adults i adolescents de la població de les Illes Balears. La població adulta preferí consumir aliments funcionals com llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. De la mateixa manera, la població adolescent també preferí consumir llet modificada (baixa en greixos o llet enriquida en omega-3), probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. El consum de molts aliments funcionals s’associà positivament amb la ingesta de certs components funcionals. L’aigua és la principal font de fluid en la població adolescent i adulta. Mentre que una major proporció de la població adulta consumí begudes com la llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, la majoria dels adolescents preferiren consumir begudes com el suc de fruita natural o la llet sencera. La ingesta de begudes contribueix d’un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energètica diària total (TEI) en adolescents, mentre que en els adults el consumo de begudes proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diària. La presente tesis fue estudiar los determinantes socio-demográficos y de estilo de vida del consumo de alimentos funcionales i consumo de bebidas entre los adultos y adolescentes de la población de las Islas Baleares. La población adulta prefirió consumir alimentos funcionales como leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. Del mismo modo, la población adolescente también prefirió consumir leche modificada (baja en grasas o leche enriquecida en omega-3), probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. El consumo de muchos alimentos funcionales se asoció positivamente con la ingesta de determinados componentes funcionales. El agua es la principal fuente de fluido en la población adolescente y adulta. Mientras que una mayor proporción de la población adulta consume bebidas como la leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, la mayoría de los adolescentes prefirieron consumir bebidas como el zumo de fruta natural o la leche entera. La ingesta de bebidas contribuye de un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energética diaria total (TEI) en adolescentes, mientras que en los adultos el consumo de bebidas proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diaria. The present thesis examined the socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of the functional food (FF) and beverage consumption among adult and adolescent population in the Balearic Islands. Adult population preferred to consume FFs like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, probiotics and breakfast cereals. Similarly, adolescent population also preferred to consume modified milk (low-fat or omega-3 enriched milk), probiotics and breakfast cereals. Consumption of many FFs was positively associated with the intake of several functional components. Water was found the main fluid source in adolescent and adult population. While a higher proportion of adult population consumed beverages like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, the majority of adolescents were preferred to consume beverages like natural fruit juice or whole fat milk. Beverage intake contributed 6 to 13% of the daily total energy intake (TEI) of adolescents, while in adults beverage consumption provided 9 to 18% of the daily TEI.

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Motau, Hlokammoni Grathel. "Determinants of unsecured lending : an empirical investigation of consumption, lending rates and deregulation in a South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97470.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has experienced a significant growth in household unsecured credit extension, igniting concerns around the potential negative impact of household indebtedness on the stability of the banking system. With the use of correlation and ordinary least squares, the study attempts to prove a relationship between growth in unsecured lending (dependent variable) and consumption, lending rates and de-regulation (independent variables). Although there is a correlation between growth in unsecured lending and interest rates, this was not statistically significant. The study also found a strong relationship between unsecured lending and the other independent variables. Due to income and wealth inequality exacerbated by the past political dispensations as well as continued rise in the cost of living, unsecured lending provides a source of supplementary income that allow households to smooth their consumption expenditure over their life-cycle. On a longerterm basis, the country needs to gear itself to focus primarily on channelling resources towards productive investments. Quality education and skills as well as a culture of entrepreneurship and wealth creation should be cultivated at a young age.

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Emine, ÖZEN Asli. "Assessment of functional food and beverage consumption among the Balearic Islands population: gender, socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97340.

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Aquesta tesi examina els determinants sociodemogràfics i d'estil de vida del consum d’aliments funcionals i el consum de begudes entre els adults i adolescents de la població de les Illes Balears. La població adulta preferí consumir aliments funcionals com llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. De la mateixa manera, la població adolescent també preferí consumir llet modificada (baixa en greixos o llet enriquida en omega-3), probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. El consum de molts aliments funcionals s’associà positivament amb la ingesta de certs components funcionals. L’aigua és la principal font de fluid en la població adolescent i adulta. Mentre que una major proporció de la població adulta consumí begudes com la llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, la majoria dels adolescents preferiren consumir begudes com el suc de fruita natural o la llet sencera. La ingesta de begudes contribueix d’un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energètica diària total (TEI) en adolescents, mentre que en els adults el consumo de begudes proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diària. La presente tesis fue estudiar los determinantes socio-demográficos y de estilo de vida del consumo de alimentos funcionales i consumo de bebidas entre los adultos y adolescentes de la población de las Islas Baleares. La población adulta prefirió consumir alimentos funcionales como leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. Del mismo modo, la población adolescente también prefirió consumir leche modificada (baja en grasas o leche enriquecida en omega-3), probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. El consumo de muchos alimentos funcionales se asoció positivamente con la ingesta de determinados componentes funcionales. El agua es la principal fuente de fluido en la población adolescente y adulta. Mientras que una mayor proporción de la población adulta consume bebidas como la leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, la mayoría de los adolescentes prefirieron consumir bebidas como el zumo de fruta natural o la leche entera. La ingesta de bebidas contribuye de un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energética diaria total (TEI) en adolescentes, mientras que en los adultos el consumo de bebidas proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diaria. The present thesis examined the socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of the functional food (FF) and beverage consumption among adult and adolescent population in the Balearic Islands. Adult population preferred to consume FFs like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, probiotics and breakfast cereals. Similarly, adolescent population also preferred to consume modified milk (low-fat or omega-3 enriched milk), probiotics and breakfast cereals. Consumption of many FFs was positively associated with the intake of several functional components. Water was found the main fluid source in adolescent and adult population. While a higher proportion of adult population consumed beverages like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, the majority of adolescents were preferred to consume beverages like natural fruit juice or whole fat milk. Beverage intake contributed 6 to 13% of the daily total energy intake (TEI) of adolescents, while in adults beverage consumption provided 9 to 18% of the daily TEI.

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Viglietti, Paola. "Maternal alcohol consumption and socio-demographic determinants of neurocognitive function of school children in the rural Western Cape." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33095.

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Background. Within the South African context there is a large body of research regarding the associations between maternal gestational drinking and diagnosable child FASDs. However, there remains a paucity of local research regarding the impacts of other kinds of maternal drinking behaviours (e.g. past and present maternal drinking) and related socio-demographic factors on developmentally sensitive areas of child neurocognitive functioning, such as executive functioning (EF). Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design, utilising a gender balanced sample of N=464 children between the ages of 9.00 and 15.12 (year.months) in three rural areas within the Western Cape. Information regarding maternal drinking behaviours (before, during and after pregnancy) and related socio-demographic factors was collected via structured interviews with mothers or proxy respondents. Six subtests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB), were used to assess three aspects of child EF namely: (1) processing speed, assessed by the MOT and RTI subtests, (2) attention, assessed by the MTT and RVP subtests and (3) memory, assessed by the SWM and PAL subtests. Findings. For all three maternal alcohol use behaviours examined, there was an apparent non-significant trend whereby children of mothers who reported alcohol use (before, during and after pregnancy) performed worse (on average) than children of mothers reporting non-alcohol use on the EF subtests. Several of the socio-demographic factors were found to act as significant predictors of subtest specific EF performance including child sex (RTI: B=.46, p<. 01; MTT: B=.05, p<.05), child age (RTI: B=.27, p<.05; MTT: B=.11, p<.01), home language (MOT: B=- .13, p<.05), maternal employment (MTT: B=-.04, p<.05) and household size (SWM: B=-1.29, p<.05). Conclusions. These study findings provide initial insights into the impacts of different types of maternal drinking behaviours and related socio-demographic factors on child EF outcomes within the context of an LMIC, South Africa.

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Shifa, Mhbuba Ahmad. "The determinants of off-farm employment and the impact of off-farm employment on food consumption in rural Ethiopia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11177.

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Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-30). This study analyses the determinants of off-farm employment in rural Ethiopia using a representative sample farm households from four regions of the country. Very few previous regional case studies assess the impact of off-farm employment on household food consumption. To fill this gap the study goes on to examine the impact of participation in off-farm employment on household food consumption controlling for possible endogenous treatment selection bias.

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Estima, Camilla de Chermont Próchnik. "Por que os adolecentes comem o que comem? Determinantes do consumo alimentar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-10092012-150402/.

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Introdução: Muitos são os estudos que avaliam o consumo alimentar na adolescência entretanto não se sabe quais fatores motivam esses jovens a se alimentarem de forma inadequada. Objetivo: Avaliar, de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, os fatores determinantes do consumo alimentar de adolescentes de escolas técnicas em São Paulo. Métodos: O presente estudo é parte de uma pesquisa matriz, que avaliou 1167 jovens de ambos os gêneros. Os fatores determinantes do consumo alimentar foram avaliados em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa quantitativa foram utilizados dois instrumentos que foram desenvolvidos para a pesquisa matriz, o primeiro um questionário de avaliar atitudes alimentares de adolescentes e o segundo avaliou o consumo alimentar através de um questionário de frequência alimentar baseado na pirâmide dos alimentos. O primeiro instrumento apresenta uma questão onde 15 fatores determinantes do consumo alimentar são apresentados e cada adolescente deveria escolher os 3 mais importantes. O peso e a estatura de todos os indivíduos foi mensurado e posteriormente o Índice de Massa Corporal foi calculado afim de classificar os adolescentes quanto à adequação de seu estado nutricional segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A avaliação qualitativa foi realizada com uma subamostra do projeto matriz (n=45) e contou com a realização de grupos focais. Os 15 fatores determinantes do consumo foram agrupados em 3 grupos a partir da realização da análise de cluster e esses grupos foram comparados com relação ao gênero, estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos e dos grupos alimentares baseados na pirâmide dos alimentos para adolescentes. Resultados: Os 3 fatores determinantes mais referidos pelos adolescentes na etapa quantitativa foram, em ordem de preferência, o sabor, o fato do adolescente gostar do alimento e tentar ter uma alimentação mais saudável, enquanto que a etapa qualitativa mostrou que os fatores de falta de tempo, conveniência e praticidade foram os mais referidos. Os adolescentes que preferiam os fatores determinantes relacionado às características dos alimentos, entre eles o sabor, consumiam significativamente mais alimentos com alto conteúdo de gorduras e açúcares. Conclusão: Conclui-se que para o grupo de adolescentes avaliados o sabor foi o fator mais importante e que ele pode explicar a inadequação dietética nesse grupo etário. Introduction: Many studies evaluate food consumption in adolescence however little is known about the factors that influence adolescent\'s food choices. Objective: To evaluate, in a quantitative and qualitative way, the factors that influence adolescent\'s food choice from technical schools from São Paulo. Methods: This study is part of a research which evaluated 1167 adolescents from both gender. Factors that influence adolescent\'s food choice were evaluated in two steps, the first one evaluated in a quantitative way used two surveys that were developed to the research. The questionnaire evaluated adolescent\'s eating attitudes and included a question which included 15 factors which the adolescents should select the 3 more important, and the second survey assessed food consumption through a food frequency questionnaire that was based on the food pyramid. Body weight and height were measured and the Body Mass Index calculated in order to classify their weight status according to the World Health Organization criteria. The second part of this study, the qualitative analyses, used a smaller sample from the main study (n=45) and focus groups were performed. The 15 factors were divided into groups using the cluster analyses method and compared between genders, weight status and food consumption. Results: Taste and liking the food and trying to have a healthier eating were the 3 most referred factors in the quantitative analyses, while in the qualitative research lack of time and convenience were the most reported factors that influence the adolescent\'s food choices. Adolescents who prefer factors related to the food characteristics, such as taste, eat significantly more high fat and sugar foods. Conclusion: In this group the taste of food was the most important factor and can explain the eating inadequacies seen in this population.

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Hammarlund, Ludvig, and Andreas Edhag. "Consumption of organic fruits among consumers in Sweden : Theroy of planned behavior and the role of the determinants of intention." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157074.

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The increased global consumption has a severe effect on the environment. In order to reduce the environmental impact, there is a need for more environmentally friendly consumption choices. Several studies have confirmed that consumers have a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly products, but that the attitude is, in most cases, not put in to practice. To increase the degree of explanation behind the gap between Swedish consumers intention and behavior regarding the consumption of organic fruits, this study used Ajzen’s (1985) theory of planned behavior. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to examine if attitude, social norms and experinced behavior control can explain the consumption behavior regarding organic fruits in Sweden. An online-survey with several Likert items was conducted in order to gather data. The respondents were asked about their age, income, education, attitudes, social norms and their experienced behavior control. A correlation test and a multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to see how the determinants of intention correlated with the behavior and how well they could influence the behavior. The results showed that attitude was the determinant that had the strongest correlation (0.522) and contributed the most to the behavior of buying organic fruits. Subjective norm (0.294) and perceived behavior control (0.245) had not as strong correlation as attitude and subjective norm could only influence the behavior to a minimal level. However, it was found that perceived behavior control could influence the behavior. The total rate of explanation for all determinants of intention on the behavior was R2 = 0.568 (56.8%). The conclusions that were made from this study were, firstly, that attitude can influence most of the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Secondly, subjective norm can to a minimal degree influence the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Thirdly, perceived behavior control can to a minimal degree influence behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Furthermore, there is a need for more studies who includes behavioral data and more added variables to the TpB model in order to deepen the knowledge about environmentally friendly consumption behaviors.

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Shin, Hyung-Cheol. "Determinants of an optimal exchange rate regime : production composition, economic size, shock structure, consumption habits, and presence of "original sin" /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Holste, Kelsey A. "Where is organic food produced and consumed? : The determinants of the location of organic food production and consumption in the U.S.A." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1126.

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Kunc, Dominik. "Analýza determinant vývoje spotřeby elektřiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220163.

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The aim of this thesis is to briefly introduce the reader to the problem of development of the electricity consumption, to show the possibilities of its prediction, and provide an example of electricity consumption analysis, which may serve as a basis for long-term forecast. The first part of this work is devoted to brief overview of the development of consumption of electrical energy in the Czech Republic and factors associated with that development. The main events of Czech electrification history are outlined, as well as factors influencing the magnitude of the demand for electricity in the recent times. There are described the possibilities of the influence of foreign exchange and price of the electricity, net losses, GDP, the consumption of gas, the number of inhabitants, or the structure of the economy. This work further describes the development of the consumption of electric energy abroad and comparison of the electricity consumption in the Czech Republic to its neighboring countries, in which there are apparently influence by variety of factors that affect the consumption development trend. For more complex overview, the electricity consumption of most of European states is being noted, and near the end of the chapter the development in poorest countries and in quickly growing economies is shown. The fourth chapter mentions methods for short and middle-term prediction of consumption of electricity. There also is more consistent description of possibilities useful for long-term prediction, for which the use of the results of statistics analysis is possible. The description of observed data that are used to find the dependences of different factors is made in the following part. Further the approach of the statistics analysis used in this thesis is shown, and the key terms are explained. The dates concerning the consumption of Czech Republic are analyzed, followed by the states with similar trend of the consumption and finally other European states. Sixth chapter examines the possible uses of the outcomes of statistical analyses for long-term prediction of electricity consumption. The conclusion sums up the knowledge acquired during the research concerning problem of electricity consumption and my own analysis of data.

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Wang, Xiaorui. "Can You Buy a Memorable Wedding? : How socio-economic determinants shape the consumption of wedding goods and services. A case study in China." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13809.

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The main purpose of the study is to explore how certain socio-economic determinants shape the way consumers behave in the consumption of wedding goods and services. These socio-economic determinants include: price, education, family tradition, social constraints and self-expression. A set of questions related to the main research question was raised in order to better illustrate the relationship between these determinants and the consumption action, as well as to discover, reveal and comprehend the complexity of the Chinese wedding industry. Both a self-completion web-administered online survey and electronic interviews were carried out to collect primary data in order to get a confirmatory set of results. The results from both of the survey and the interviews have shown that these socio-economic factors are related to the individual behaviour in the consumption of wedding goods and services. But the impact is not as strong and obvious as expected. Respondents’ perceived satisfaction differ from each other but not necessarily link to their consumption tendency according to the survey. It also revealed the fact that social convention and family tradition can help shaping the decision-making process to a certain extent. However, interviewees showed their enthusiasm to the concept of self-expression and autonomy. They found the self concept more important than tradition and convention when making choices, despite that they admitted that it would be impossible to completely discard the traditions.

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von, Schaewen Tobias. "Objective and Subjective Knowledge as Determinants for the Attitude towards and Consumption of Eco-labelled Food : The Case of Fairtrade Food." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227230.

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Eco-labels are increasingly important to certify food that is produced under sustainable conditions. In this paper variables are analysed that are important for consumers’ purchase decisions of eco-labelled food exemplified by the case of Fairtrade products. The focus lies on the distinction between people’s subjective (perceived) knowledge and objective knowledge (actual) about the Fairtrade label. The empirical data for the study was gathered by a survey, which involved a quota sampling of 203 people in Berlin. The results justify the distinction between subjective and objective knowledge. Subjective knowledge proved to be a strong predictor for both attitude and consumption towards the label, whereas objective knowledge did not show a significant influence. Further, attitude in general was confirmed to be a predictor for the consumption of Fairtrade products.

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Domke, Laura. "Understanding determinants of government and consumer behavior relative to product safety : an application of the theory of planned behavior to China and the United States /." Bergen : Norges Handelshøyskole, 2008. http://bora.nhh.no:8080/bitstream/2330/2030/1/Domke%202008.pdf.

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Vong, Weng Man. "Determinants of compulsive buying in adolescents and young adults in Macao : roles of personality factors and stress." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589462.

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Wessman, Anna. "Collaborative consumption for a sustainable future: What gets consumers on-board? : An investigation of the consumers' willingness to adopt PSS and its determinants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80595.

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The Circular Business Model (CBM) is one way to achieve a more sustainable future. Its goal is to reduce the use of natural resources which are becoming more scarce on our planet. The aim of the study is to investigate the consumer behavior and the determinants of the willingness to adopt Product Service System (PSS), one of the models of CBM. Through previous research, five main factors were identified: Economical Value, Flexibility, Trust, Desire to Own and Peer Influence. Furthermore, some literature argue that environmental awareness has an influence on the consumers’ choice of consumption. Therefore, this factor is considered and used as a moderating variable in the conceptual model. The primary data was collected through an online questionnaire and the hypotheses were tested through multiple regression analyses. Seven out of the twelve hypotheses were accepted. The study also concludes that environmental awareness does not have a high impact on the model. The environmental awareness did only have a positive moderating effect in the peer influence factor. It was determined in the study that economical value has the highest impact on the model.

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Teixidó, i. Compañó Ester 1983. "Explorant els determinants socials en el consum de substàncies en joves i adults a Espanya : un enfocament al consum d'alcohol." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671110.

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El consum de substàncies psicoactives té importants conseqüències sanitàries, socials, econòmiques i laborals. Tot i així, el seu consum i les seves conseqüències no es distribueixen homogèniament en tota la població, sinó que diferents factors determinen que hi hagi col·lectius més vulnerables. L’objectiu de la tesi és analitzar els factors socials individuals i contextuals relacionats amb el consum de substàncies psicoactives en persones joves i adultes a Espanya, posant un èmfasi especial en l’alcohol. S’han dissenyat tres estudis diferents, i cada un d’ells se centra en un grup d’edat: adolescents, joves adults i població adulta econòmicament activa. Dos d’aquests estudis ja han estat publicats en revistes científiques amb peer-review. Els resultats suggereixen que: 1) Variables individuals com la permissivitat i el control dels progenitors o la disponibilitat de diners per despeses personals, s’associen al “binge drinking” en la població adolescent, independentment de les variables contextuals; 2) La població adulta jove considera que hi ha diferents aspectes del seu entorn, com la pressió social o l’accés a l’alcohol, que influeixen en el seu consum d’alcohol; 3) La situació laboral i el nivell d’estudis s’associen al consum de risc d’alcohol, de cànnabis i al consum d’hipnosedants en la població econòmicament activa, haventhi diferències entre dones i homes.

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O'Quin, Karen. "Examination of County Level Differences in Drinking Consequences, Urbanicity, Poverty, and Alcohol Outlet Density among the Most-at-Risk and Least-at-Risk Counties in Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/71.

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Introduction: Adolescents in the United States use alcohol more than any other substance, including tobacco and marijuana. Continuing alcohol misuse has numerous adverse health effects and is linked to liver disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurological damage. Furthermore, alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for unsafe sexual behaviors, unintentional injuries, physical and sexual assaults, various types of illegal activities, and suicide (USDHHS, 2007). Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the individual social indicators from 4 categories that have been identified within the literature as being particularly associated with alcohol consumption in general, and underage alcohol consumption in particular. The categories used were: drinking consequences, urbanicity, poverty, and alcohol outlet density. The social indicators in these categories will be compared in the 10 most-at-risk counties (MAR) and the 10 least-at-risk counties (LAR), and the 20 MAR counties and the 20 LAR counties, as they relate to underage alcohol consumption. Methods: The counties were identified in and data was obtained from Governor’s Cooperative Agreement State Incentive Planning and Development Grant: Social Indicator Study to Assess Substance Use Prevention Needs at the State and County Levels in Georgia. An independent 2-tailed t-test was conducted to compare the means of groups in both the 10 MAR/LAR counties and the 20 MAR/LAR counties. Results: Significant differences were observed in all of the individual indicators in the poverty and alcohol outlet density categories for both the 10 MAR/LAR counties and the 20 MAR/LAR counties. Discussion: There needs to be a more accurate, specific and efficient methods of data surveillance concerning underage drinking behavior. Further research should focus on urbanicity, poverty, and alcohol outlet density as they relate to underage alcohol consumption. There were differences observed between the MAR and LAR counties in all of the poverty alcohol outlet density indicators, and researchers and policy makers should pay special attention to these two areas when designing further research and prevention policies.

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Castells, Ros Ramon. "Determinants de l'èxit cinematogràfic. Model d'anàlisi de la producció catalana 2008-2014." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405389.

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Cada divendres les cartelleres cinematogràfiques s’omplen de nous títols que cerquen atraure el màxim nombre d’espectadors al cinema. Poques pel·lícules aconseguiran mantenir-se a la gran pantalla durant algunes setmanes; la majoria seran reemplaçades ràpidament per deixar lloc a les noves produccions, que esperen ser estrenades. Des dels anys vuitanta del segle XX molts autors s’han interessat per determinar a partir d’un model matemàtic quins factors ajuden a aconseguir l’èxit d’una pel·lícula i, d’aquesta manera, mitiguen l’alt risc que suposa el negoci cinematogràfic. Algunes de les preguntes que s’han plantejat aquests autors de forma més recurrent són les següents: com responen els espectadors davant l’obtenció d’un premi?, com influeix en el públic incloure en l’elenc un actor reconegut? o quin efecte té la crítica professional en la decisió d’anar al cinema a veure una pel·lícula determinada? El repte principal d’aquesta recerca ha estat adaptar a la realitat del cinema català els criteris que fins ara s’han emprat per analitzar altres indústries cinematogràfiques, sobretot la nord-americana. La disparitat entre el model cultural i industrial d’aquestes dues cinematografies augurava uns resultats significativament diferents. S’ha recollit informació de 267 produccions catalanes estrenades entre els anys 2008 i 2014 i, seguint el treball dels autors consultats, s’ha realitzat una anàlisi multivariable per contrastar de forma conjunta tots els possibles factors que poden intervenir en l’èxit cinematogràfic. Només d’aquesta manera ha estat possible reduir considerablement el nombre de determinants de l’èxit per establir els que realment tenen influència en l’explotació en sala d’una pel·lícula. Els resultats que s’han assolit són reveladors i definidors de la realitat en la qual es desenvolupa la producció de cinema a Catalunya i refermen amb evidències científiques el coneixement subjectiu d’aquest sector. Per tant, el principal valor d’aquesta recerca radica en el contrast objectiu mitjançant una tècnica provada estadísticament, que, en refermar el coneixement subjectiu previ, aporta seguretat a l’hora de prendre mesures i d’actuar sobre la realitat examinada. Una primera conclusió general del treball realitzat és la poca connexió d’una part de la producció cinematogràfica catalana amb els espectadors ja que un terç de la producció catalana del període analitzat no ha estat vista per gairebé cap espectador. En segon lloc, i com a resum de les conclusions que s’han obtingut amb aquesta recerca es pot avançar que els aspectes pressupostaris i l’estructura empresarial del sector són els aspectes que més influeixen en l’èxit d’una pel·lícula catalana, seguits del reconeixement generat pels guardons principals dels premis Goya —i dels premis Gaudí a Catalunya—, que comporta una forta repercussió en el nombre d’espectadors que aconseguirà aquella pel·lícula. Per contra, la presència en festivals no té cap influència en l’èxit intern d’una pel·lícula, però és determinant en la internacionalització. Pel que fa als factors artístics, només s’ha trobat una relació directa entre l’idioma utilitzat per al rodatge i els resultats obtinguts en taquilla. La resta de factors que s’han introduït en l’anàlisi s’han descartat, atès que no aporten informació significativa al model. La comparació de l’anàlisi sectorial amb els resultats del treball empíric assenyala una peculiar coincidència entre els principals problemes que afecten el sector cinematogràfic català i els factors que intervenen en l’èxit de la seva producció: nivell de pressupost i estructura empresarial són factors que limiten la producció cinematogràfica catalana, però, alhora, apareixen com els determinants més influents en la consecució d’uns bons resultats d’explotació, tant al mercat interior (l’espanyol) com a l’exterior (l’europeu). Every Friday, movie listings fill up with new films seeking to attract as many moviegoers to the cinema as possible, but only a few movies will manage to stay on the big screen for weeks. During the 1980s, many researchers used mathematical models to attempt to determine the factors which help to make a film successful, and so mitigate the high risks involved in the movie business. The main challenge of this study has been to adapt to the Catalan cinema industry the criteria which have been used to analyze other film industries, above all the American industry. Following the work of the researchers consulted, data from 267 new Catalan productions from between 2008 and 2014 was obtained, and a multivariable analysis was carried out to evaluate all the possible factors which might contribute to the success of a film. The results obtained are revealing, and help to clarify the reality of film production in Catalonia, providing scientific evidence to back up the subjective knowledge of the sector. Thus the value of the study lies in employing a statistically proven method to reinforce previously subjective knowledge, and provide security when making key decisions in film-making. To summarize the conclusions obtained in this study, it can be stated that budgetary factors and production company characteristics are the aspects which play the most important role in the success of a Catalan film, followed by the recognition generated by the main awards, the Goyas – and the Gaudi awards in Catalonia – which also have a major impact on the number of moviegoers who choose to see the film. By contrast, movies’ presence at festivals has no influence on the national success of a film but is decisive in its international career. As for artistic factors, it has only been possible to establish a direct relationship between the language in which the film is made and the results at the box office. The rest of the factors introduced in the analysis have been discounted, given that they do not contribute any significant information to the model.

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Mello, Aline Veroneze de. "Qualidade da dieta e relação com determinantes sociais da saúde em residentes do município de São Paulo (2003 e 2015)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-02102018-130316/.

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Introdução - A qualidade da dieta é alvo de influência das desigualdades socioeconômicas. Entretanto, há ausência de evidências quanto ao nível de desigualdade na qualidade da dieta e, embora existam esforços abrangentes para promover dietas mais saudáveis, questões relacionadas à dimensão da equidade em saúde são negligenciadas. Assim, é essencial compreender essas questões para desenvolvimento e implementação apropriada de intervenções específicas em saúde pública. Objetivo - Avaliar a qualidade da dieta da população do município de São Paulo nos anos de 2003, 2008 e 2015 e sua associação com DSS. Métodos - Foram utilizados dados do estudo transversal de base populacional ISA-Nutrição de 2003, 2008 e 2015, com amostra probabilística de adolescentes, adultos e idosos residentes no município de São Paulo. Os dados socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida foram coletados por meio de questionário semiestruturado e o consumo alimentar, por recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada com base no Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Variáveis descritivas foram comparadas utilizando intervalo de confiança de 95%. Diferenças entre as médias dos escores total e dos componentes do IQD-R foram comparados em cada faixa etária, ano de estudo e DSS estruturais. A associação das desigualdades e DSS com a qualidade da dieta baseou-se em modelos de regressão linear múltipla e na estimativa do índice de concentração (IC), que permite identificar a desigualdade relacionada à renda na qualidade da dieta entre indivíduos com diferentes níveis socioeconômicos. Resultados - Observou-se melhora gradual da qualidade da dieta no período de 12 anos, sendo que os idosos foram o grupo etário com melhor pontuação global. O aumento na pontuação para população geral foi observado para frutas totais, frutas integrais, cereais integrais, óleos e sódio. O principal contribuinte para desigualdade socioeconômica na qualidade da dieta em 2003 foi grupo étnico e, em 2008 e 2015, foi renda domiciliar per capita; a idade mostrou-se como fator persistente de desigualdade na qualidade da alimentação ao longo do período estudado. Os IC indicaram que indivíduos de menor renda apresentaram maiores pontuações no IQD-R em 2003; no entanto, houve mudança em favor dos indivíduos de maior renda em 2008 e 2015. Em 2015, observou-se diferenças entre os componentes do IQD-R para escolaridade, renda, ocupação, sexo e etnia, sendo que os componentes cereais integrais, sódio e calorias provenientes de gordura sólida, bebida alcoólica e açúcar de adição estão entre os mais distantes dos valores ideais do índice. Os fatores associados positivamente à qualidade da dieta em 2015 foram número de doenças, renda e categoria \"outros\" de ocupação. Os associados negativamente foram consumo de energia, consumo de álcool, escolaridade, possuir etnia não branca e estar desempregado. Esses fatores explicam a qualidade da dieta em 54%. Conclusões - Os achados referentes às desigualdades observadas são úteis para subsidiar políticas públicas e ações específicas para diferentes níveis de escolaridade, renda, ocupação, sexo, grupo étnico e faixas etárias, além de incentivar ações voltadas ao estilo de vida saudável. Introduction - Diet quality is influenced by socioeconomic inequalities. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the level of inequalities in diet quality, and whilst there are wide-ranging efforts to promote healthier diets, issues regarding the dimensions of equity in health are neglected. Therefore, it is essential to understand these issues for development and appropriate implementation of specific interventions in public health. Objective - To evaluate diet quality of residents in São Paulo city of 2003, 2008 and 2015 and its association with SDH. Methods - Data from the ISA-Nutrition cross-sectional study of 2003, 2008 and 2015 were used, with a probabilistic sample of adolescents, adults and older adults residents in São Paulo city. Socioeconomic and lifestyle data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and food consumption, through 24-hour dietary recalls. The diet quality was assessed based on the Revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI-R). The descriptive variables were compared using a 95% confidence interval. Differences between BHEI-R means, and its components were compared across age group, year of study and structural SDH. The association of inequalities and SDH with diet quality was based on multiple linear regression models and on the concentration index (CI), which allowed the identification of income-related inequality in diet quality among individuals with different socioeconomic levels. Results - We observed that the BHEI-R scores gradually improved over 12-years, with older adults showing the greatest improvement. The increase in overall population score was observed for total fruits, whole fruits, whole grains, oils and sodium. The main contributor to socioeconomic inequality in diet quality in 2003 was ethnic group, and in 2008 and 2015, it was per capita household income; age was a persistent factor of inequality in diet quality over the years. Concentration indices indicated that individuals with lower income had higher scores on BHEI-R in 2003; however, there was a shift in favor of higher income individuals in 2008 and 2015. In 2015, there were differences among BHEI-R components for education, income, occupation, sex and ethnic group, and the components whole grains, sodium and calories from solid fat, alcoholic beverage and added sugar are among the furthest from the index reference values. Factors positively associated with diet quality of residents in São Paulo city in 2015 were number of diseases, income and \"other\" category of occupation. Factors negatively associated were energy, alcohol consumption, education, ethnicity nonwhite and being unemployed. These factors explain the diet quality in 54%. Conclusions - The observed inequalities are useful to subsidize public policies and specific actions for different levels of education, income, occupation, sex, ethnic group and age groups, as well as to encourage actions aimed at a healthy lifestyle.

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Tirone, Inês Worm. "Why buy green housecleaning products?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16562.

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Mestrado em Marketing Na sociedade atual a compra de produtos de limpeza ecológicos surge como uma alternativa sustentável aos produtos convencionais que são constituídos por químicos agressivos que afetam a saúde individual e o ambiente. Este estudo apresenta como principal objetivo a análise detalhada dos determinantes que compõem o processo de decisão de compra de produtos de limpeza de casa ecológicos. Com esta finalidade, foi desenvolvido um estudo em profundidade a compradores de produtos de limpeza de casa ecológicos, recorrendo a entrevistas semiestruturadas e a biografias de consumo. Todos os fatores determinantes em análise apresentam um impacto diferente no processo de decisão de compra, variando de comprador para comprador. Nowadays, buyers are looking for ecological housecleaning products as an alternative to conventional options made of harsh chemicals that harm their personal health and the environment. This study aims to analyse in detail the individual relevance of different determinants that influence the purchase of ecological housecleaning products. For this purpose and to gain the adequate knowledge, a qualitative study was made to ecological housecleaning product buyers, using semi-structured in-depth interviews and consumption biographies. The results suggest that the ecological housecleaning product purchase is based on determinants that are evaluated differently by each individual buyer forming a complex decision process. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Kar-Huisman, Angélique Gabriëlla Alberta van de. "Determinants of consulting the general practitioner." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5840.

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Horňáková, Petra Sofia. "Determinanty vzniku a vývoje čínské konzumní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360451.

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This study provides institutional and economic analysis of the phenomenom of consumerism in China. It identifies confucianism, maoism and dengism as key determinats of its development. As confucianism as well as maoism both declined consumerism as way of life from cultural point of view consumer society could develop in China only after ideological redefinition of what socialism is. As in 1979 chinese socialism was defined as system generating material wealth consumer society together with rapid economic growth started arising. From economic point of as China was agrarian economy with low rate of urbanization only after deep structural economic changes consumerism could arose. That happened after 1979. Deng Xiaoping reforms proved to be key break point for rising Chinese consumer society.

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Podešva, Jiří. "Co ovlivňuje snižující se spotřebu piva? Analýza determinant poptávky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198278.

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The per capita consumption of beer in the Czech Republic is one of the biggest in the world. However, in recent years the consumption has started to decrease. This thesis analyzes determinants of demand of beer and possible causes of decreasing of beer consumption. The whole market is analyzed using the time series models. In the next step, the market was separated into on-trade and off-trade part. No previous researches have dealt with this division. It was proved, that wine is a substitute of the on-trade beer, but a complement of the off-trade beer. On-trade beer is an ordinary good and if the price increases by one Czech crown, the consumption will decrease by 5 %. Spirits are complements of on-trade beer. No impact caused by price on the consumption of off-trade beer was proved. During the analysis of off-trade beer was found out, that the beer is the gross substitute of wine and that the good weather makes its consumption to increase. The future prediction for 2014 suggests that average person will consume 57,5 liters of on-trade beer.

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Miranda, Luiz Antonio Trotta. "Determinantes EconÃmicas do Consumo de Energia ElÃtrica no Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1839.

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O aumento do consumo de energia elÃtrica Ã considerado uma das condiÃÃes bÃsicas para o desenvolvimento econÃmico de um paÃs. O Brasil, nos Ãltimos anos, tem apresentado significativos aumentos em seu consumo de energia elÃtrica, e o Governo Federal nÃo dispÃe de recursos para investir adequadamente no setor. Assim sendo, o paÃs estÃ passando por profundas modificaÃÃes em sua estrutura energÃtica, buscando adequarse para garantir o futuro do setor. Conhecer bem a demanda de energia elÃtrica, atravÃs de anÃlises economÃtricas, Ã de fundamental importÃncia para possibilitar que investidores privados supram a deficiÃncia de investimentos do setor pÃblico. Esse trabalho utilizarÃ modelos economÃtricos, pelo mÃtodo dos mÃnimos quadrados e pelo mÃtodo dos mÃnimos quadrados em dois estÃgios para sugerir modelos que expliquem o consumo de energia elÃtrica no Estado do CearÃ. Para as anÃlises, foram considerados como variÃveis independentes o nÃmero de domicÃlios do Estado do CearÃ, o PIB do Estado do CearÃ e do Brasil, a tarifa mÃdia de energia brasileira, o consumo de energia elÃtrica do Brasil e uma variÃvel qualitativa dummy. Foram feitos 07 diferentes modelos utilizando o MÃtodo dos MÃnimos Quadrados e 02 modelos utilizando o MÃtodo dos MÃnimos Quadrados em Dois EstÃgios. Cada modelo foi analisado individualmente. Algumas variÃveis que inicialmente acreditava-se terem alta representatividade no consumo de energia elÃtrica, como por exemplo a tarifa de energia elÃtrica, demonstraram-se pouco significativas em diversos modelos, enquanto que outras, como por exemplo o nÃmero de domicÃlios, apresentaram alta significÃncia nos modelos. Por esse motivo, optou-se por fazer diversos modelos, permitindo com isso analisar a interaÃÃo das diversas variÃveis. Para o mÃtodo dos mÃnimos quadrados em dois estÃgios, considerou-se como endÃgenas as variÃveis PIB do Estado do CearÃ e o Consumo de Energia ElÃtrica do Estado do CearÃ. The increase of electric power consumption is considered one of the basic conditions for the economic growth of any country. Brazil, in the last years, has presented significant increases in its supply/demand of electric power, in spite of the Federal Government having lack of financial resources to invest adequately in this sector. Nevertheless, the country has experienced sharp modifications in its energy structure, trying to adjust itself to guarantee the future of the sector and sustain the country growth. To properly know how to estimate the demand for electric power, through econometrical analyses, it is to be considered of high importance to a country or a region development. It allows private investor to supply the deficiency of investments of the public sector. This work will use several econometrical models, by the method of the least square and the method of the two stages least square to suggest models that explain the consumption path of electric power in the State of the CearÃ The econometric analyses considered, as independent variables: the number of domiciles of the State of CearÃ, the GGP of the State of CearÃ and Brazil, the average Brazilian energy tariffs, the Brazilian electric power consumption, and a qualitative dummy variable. It was done 07 different models using the least square method and 02 models using the two stages least square method. Each model was then individually analyzed. Some variables that initially were given credit to have high representation in the power consumption of the state, as for example the tariffs of electric power, had been demonstrated during the work little significance in many models, while others, such as the number of domiciles, had showed high significance in the models. Thatâs the main reason why it was opted to make a large variety of models, allowing to analyze the interaction of all the variables. For the method of the two stages least square, it was considered as endogenous variables the GGP of the State of the CearÃ and consumption de electric power of the State of CearÃ.

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Vasconcellos, Juliana Parreira. "Determinantes do consumo de pescado na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-04022011-164223/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os determinantes de consumo de peixe na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP. Foram entrevistadas 482 pessoas em 49 feiras-livres. Aplicou-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas, semi abertas e fechadas destinadas a identificação e avaliação das características sócio-econômicas, fatores que facilitam e dificultam o consumo de peixe e os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do produto. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram aplicados testes para verificar associação e linearidade entre as variáveis com o consumo, com nível de significância de 5%. Os fatores que facilitam o consumo de peixe foram: renda, escolaridade completa, forma de apresentação do produto, aquisição em feiras livres, sabor, aparência, firmeza da carne e presença de crianças na família. Já os fatores que limitam o consumo foram: preço e espinhos. A perecibilidade, odor, etnia, proximidade dos pontos de venda da residência e do trabalho, sexo, idade, número de pessoas no lar e aquisição em supermercado não foram características que influenciaram a decisão de compra e consumo de peixe. Os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do peixe foram predominantemente visuais. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of fish consumption in the population that frequents the street markets of the Santo André municipality, State of São Paulo, by interviewing a total of 482 persons in 49 markets. A questionnaire constituted of open, semi-open and closed questions was applied in order to identify and evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the population, factors that make easy or difficult the fish consumption, and the aspects considered for the evaluation of the freshness of the products. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and subsequently statistical tests were applied to check the existence of association and linearity between the variables and the consumption, using a level of significance of 5 %. The factors that make easy the consumption of fish were: income, complete schooling, and presentation of the product, acquisition in free markets, taste, appearance, firmness of the flesh, and the presence of children in the families. On the other side, the factors that limit the consumption were the price and the fish thorns. The fact of being easily perishable, odor, ethnic, proximity of the points of sale from the residence and of the work, sex, age, number of persons in the home, and acquisition in supermarkets were not characteristics influencing the decision of purchase and consumption of fish. The aspects considered to evaluate the freshness of the fish were predominantly visual.

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Rodrigues, Luciano. "Políticas públicas e os determinantes da demanda por combustíveis leves no Brasil, 2003-2013." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-26052015-101707/.

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O entendimento da demanda por combustíveis tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de inúmeros trabalhos empíricos e recebido especial atenção do setor privado e de formuladores de políticas públicas nos últimos anos, pois está diretamente relacionado às discussões e decisões relativas à segurança energética das nações, às medidas de controle de emissões de gases de efeito estufa, à política econômica dos países e ao planejamento das empresas desta indústria. No Brasil, o consumo energético da frota leve apresentou crescimento surpreendente na última década, com trajetória e duração muito distintas de qualquer movimento observado anteriormente. Com base nisso e na ausência de estudos abordando especificamente o assunto, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo avaliar os determinantes da demanda por combustíveis leves no país entre 2003 e 2013. Além de uma análise lógica e sequencial sobre o tema, foram utilizadas técnicas de séries temporais para estimar dois modelos distintos, buscando identificar e quantificar o efeito das diferentes variáveis econômicas e das medidas de política pública adotadas nesse período sobre consumo energético da frota leve. O primeiro modelo elaborado para fundamentar a análise proposta seguiu estrutura amplamente utilizada na literatura internacional, tendo a renda e o preço dos combustíveis como variáveis essenciais para a determinação da demanda por transporte privado. A abordagem proposta a partir segundo modelo, por sua vez, ampliou a estrutura empírica tradicionalmente utilizada, incorporando à análise as transformações ocorridas no mercado creditício e automobilístico no Brasil. Essa estrutura permitiu a estimação das elasticidades preço e renda da demanda para o mercado nacional e para as principais regiões do país. Os valores obtidos evidenciaram a importância do preço dos combustíveis e da renda na determinação do consumo e, ainda, resposta distinta da demanda nas regiões Centro-Sul e Norte-Nordeste, que apresentou maior sensibilidade a alterações nessas variáveis. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicaram que além da melhoria na renda, a retração no preço dos combustíveis, associada especialmente à política de contenção de aumentos de preços da gasolina e de desonerações de tributos federais sobre os combustíveis para controle inflacionário, impactou positivamente o consumo. Por fim, a demanda por combustíveis leves no período também foi estimulada pela ampliação do crédito destinado à compra de veículos e pela queda no preço real desses bens, com destaque para a medida anticíclica de desoneração de IPI cobrado sobre automóveis novos em momentos de desaceleração da indústria automobilística. The understanding of fuel demand has encouraged the development of several empirical studies and drawn the attention of the private sector and policymakers in recent years, since it is directly related to discussions and decisions on the energy security of nations, to measures to control greenhouse gas emissions, to the macroeconomic policy of each country, and to the planning of companies in this sector. In Brazil, total energy consumption by the light-vehicle fleet has experienced a remarkable growth over the past decade, as its path and duration are very different from any previously recorded levels. Based on this fact and on the absence of studies on this subject in the domestic market, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the determinants of light-fuel demand in Brazil in the 2003-2013 period. Apart from a logical and sequential analysis of the topic, time series techniques were used to estimate two different models with the aim of identifying and quantifying the impact of different economic variables and public policy measures adopted during this period on the energy consumption by the light-vehicle fleet. The first model designed to support the proposed analysis followed a widely used framework in the international literature in which income and fuel prices are the key variables in determining demand for private transportation. The approach for the second model, in turn, expanded the traditionally used empirical framework by incorporating changes observed in the credit and auto market in Brazil into the analysis. This structure allowed estimating price and income elasticities of demand in the domestic market and in major Brazilian regions. The values obtained showed the importance of fuel prices and income in determining consumption and also different demand responses in the central-south and north-northeast regions, which exhibited the highest sensitivity to changes in these variables. Furthermore, the results suggest that in addition to a higher income, the decline in fuel prices, led mainly by a policy of preventing gasoline price increases and granting federal tax exemptions on fuels to keep inflation under control, also had a positive impact on consumption. Finally, demand for light fuels in the period was also stimulated by a higher availability of credit for buying vehicles and by a drop in the real price of those goods, with emphasis on countercyclical measures to waive the Tax on Industrialized Products (IPI) levied on new vehicles during economic downturns in the automotive industry.

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Dzelepovic, Dzenita, and Polina Dimitrova. "Investigating determinant factors of consumers’ sustainable consumption in Scandinavia : Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior model in clean and fabric care." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104547.

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The study aimed to explore the determinant factors that influence consumers’ sustainable consumption, or more specifically consumers living in Scandinavia. The study seeked to understand what influences Scandinavian people to purchase a sustainable product based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) including the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. To conduct a better approach, a case company was involved in the working process, with the help of which, the focus became more specific into fabric and clean care appliances such as dish machines, washing machines and dryers. To provide an exhaustive answer to the research questions, three hypotheses were conducted which were built based on the TPB model. The study used a quantitative approach where an online survey was made. The survey was shared with people living in the Scandinavian countries Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark, where 291 answers were collected. To analyze all the answers, SPSS statistics was used where each country was individually analyzed. The results showed that an individual’s attitude and perceived behavioral control have a significant influence on the behavioural intention to perform sustainable consumption in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark while the subjective norm does not affect the sustainable consumption in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Finland was the only country that had an accepted hypothesis on the subjective norm which means that finish people get influenced by the subjective norms.

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Pedroso, Luciana Pereira 1976. "Estudo das variaveis determinantes no consumo de agua em escolas : o caso das unidades municipais de Campinas, São Paulo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257703.

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Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Oliveira Ilha Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedroso_LucianaPereira_D.pdf: 2946475 bytes, checksum: 08b0911a08df33b246d30034b687025c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Resumo: A questão da água nas cidades envolve a carência/escassez de recursos associada à crescente poluição e também grandes índices de desperdícios, que ocorrem tanto na fase de uso e operação, com perdas devido a vazamentos e mau uso desse insumo, quanto na fase de projeto e execução, com o emprego de indicadores de consumo e vazões de projeto inadequadas, que podem levar ao superdimensionamento dos componentes do sistema predial, vazões excessivas nos pontos de consumo, entre outros. A estimativa do consumo de água em edifícios é usualmente feita a partir da consideração do indicador de consumo (IC) que consiste na relação entre o volume de água consumido em determinado período e o número de agentes consumidores neste mesmo período. A despeito da facilidade de sua determinação, o IC não retrata a influência que determinadas variáveis têm sobre o consumo, principalmente em um país com uma extensão territorial tão grande quanto o Brasil e, com isso, o seu emprego em diferentes situações de projeto pode conduzir a valores inadequados do consumo de água. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho apresenta um estudo das variáveis determinantes do consumo em escolas públicas, tendo como objeto de estudo treze unidades da rede municipal de Campinas, São Paulo. A partir do monitoramento remoto do consumo por um período de oito meses, em média, foi efetuada uma análise de regressão múltipla para a determinação de modelos para a estimativa do consumo de água em duas categorias de escolas: creches e escolas de ensino infantil e escolas de ensino fundamental. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a temperatura máxima diária, a área impermeável total e o número de bacias sanitárias com válvula de descarga foram as variáveis mais representativas do consumo nas creches e escolas de ensino infantil. No caso das escolas de ensino fundamental, as variáveis mais representativas foram a temperatura máxima diária, as áreas permeável e impermeável total e o número de salas de aula. Abstract: The issue of water in cities involves the lack / shortage of resources associated with growing pollution and major indices of waste, which both occur during the use and operation, with losses due to leaks and misuse of water, as at the stage of project and implementation, with the employment indicators of consumption and flow rates of inadequate design, which can lead to supersize components of the building system, excessive flow rates at the consumption point, among others. The estimative of water consumption in buildings is usually made from the use of consumption indicator(IC) which is the relationship between the volume of water consumed in a established period and the number of consumers in this same period. Despite the easy of their determination, the IC does not showy the influence that some variables have on consumption, especially in a country with a large territorial extension as Brazil and thus, its use in different situations of design can lead the inadequate values of water consumption. On this way, this work presents a study of determinants variables of consumption in public schools, having as the object of this study thirteen units of the Campinas public school. From the remote monitoring of consumption for a period of eight months, on average, it was done a multiple regression analysis for the determination of models to estimate water consumption in two categories of schools: children daycare and kindgarden and middle schools. The results indicate that the daily maximum temperature, the total impermeable area and the number of close water with sanitary waste-gate variables were the most representative of consumption in children daycare and kindgarden. In the case of middle schools, the most representative variables were the daily maximum temperature, the permeable and impermeable total areas and the number of classrooms. Doutorado Saneamento e Ambiente Doutor em Engenharia Civil

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Brožová, Dominika. "Vyvíjí se prodeje nových osobních automobilů procyklicky? Analýza determinant korporátní a retailové poptávky v ČR a SR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201856.

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The thesis is focused on verifying the pro-cyclical relationship of sales of new passenger cars in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the subsequent evaluation of the impact of macroeconomic variables in the period from the first quarter of 2005 to the third quarter of 2015. In total, there are four different models estimated of multiple linear regressions of car sales, where for the Czech R. the estimation of different sectors of households and firms is available as well. By comparing the Czech R. and Slovakia regarding aggregate sales, fuel prices and gross domestic products are especially crucial and the pro-cyclical relationship is successfully verified. The economic crisis at the turn of 2008-2009 hit especially Slovakia, while the effect in the Czech R. was offset by a positive shock to fuel prices. For the model of households the procyclical relationship is denied unlike from the model of firms, shock to GDP therefore only deviate sales to firms. For Czech R. is also confirmed a significant relationship of the sales with interest rate or population growth.

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Enes, Carla Cristina. "Consumo alimentar e padrão de atividade física como determinantes do estado nutricional: um estudo longitudinal com adolescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-14052010-090834/.

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Introdução - O aumento da prevalência de obesidade entre a população jovem, motivou o crescimento do número de pesquisas que buscam identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência desse distúrbio nutricional. Objetivo - Identificar os fatores dietéticos e de atividade física associados à mudança do estado nutricional de adolescentes. Métodos - Trata-se de um estudo de coorte realizado com 256 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 17 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas de Piracicaba, São Paulo. Os adolescentes foram entrevistados em dois momentos, respeitando-se o intervalo médio de um ano. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional a partir do Índice de Massa Corporal, consumo alimentar habitual (questionário de freqüência alimentar para adolescentes - QFAA), padrão de atividade física (prática de atividades físicas e de atividades de baixa intensidade), maturação sexual e variáveis demográficas. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para identificar as possíveis associações. Definiu-se como variável dependente a variação anual do escore z do IMC e como variáveis independentes a variação anual do consumo de grupos alimentares de interesse e da prática de atividade física. Resultados - Verificou-se, para ambos os sexos, um aumento do uso de computador e consumo de bebidas artificiais adoçadas. Houve redução do consumo de lipídios, sucos naturais adicionados de açúcar e alimentos com elevado teor lipídico. O consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes aumentou no intervalo de um ano entre as meninas. Na análise múltipla, observou-se que o maior consumo de alimentos com elevado teor lipídico (=0,036, p=0,048) e de sucos naturais adicionados de açúcar (=0,053, p=0,034) associaram-se positivamente ao aumento do escore z do IMC. Conclusão - A variação do escore z do IMC de adolescentes no período de um ano mostra-se direta e independentemente associada a variações no consumo de alimentos ricos em lipídios e de sucos naturais adicionados de açúcar. 8 Novos estudos prospectivos com maior tempo de seguimento são necessários para que sejam produzidos resultados que esclareçam a complexa etiologia da obesidade Introduction - With the rise of obesity prevalence among young people, is increasing the number of researches to identify factors associated with the occurrence of this nutritional disorder. Objective - To identify the dietary and physical activity factors associated with nutritional status change of adolescents. Methods - This is a cohort study conducted with 256 adolescents of both genders, with ages ranging from 10 and 17 years, from public schools of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo. Adolescents were interviewed on two occasions, with the average interval of one year. Nutritional status from body mass index, usual food intake (food-frequency questionnaire for adolescents-FFQA), physical activity pattern (physical activity and inactivity), sexual maturation and demographic variables were assessed. Multiple regression was used to identify possible associations. It was defined as dependent variable the annual BMI z-score change and as independent variables, the annual change in consumption of food groups of interest and practice of physical activity. Results - An increase of computer use, and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was verified for both genders. The consumption of fat, sweetened fruit juices and fatty foods decreased. Among girls, the consumption of fruits and vegetables increased in an interval of one year. In the multiple analyses, it was observed that increased consumption of fatty foods ( = 0.036, p = 0.048) and sweetened fruit juices ( = 0.053, p = 0.034) was positively associated with the rise of BMI z-score. Conclusion - Change in adolescents BMI z-score over a year is directly and independently associated with changes in fatty foods and sweetened fruit juices. Further prospective researches with longer follow-up are necessary to better understand the complex etiology of obesity

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Fouto, Nuno Manoel Martins Dias. "Mercado de consumo brasileiro : evolução e determinantes do volume de vendas. Uma análise do período pós real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-14052008-120126/.

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O varejo brasileiro vem num processo de profissionalização e que começa a fazer jus ao porte desse mercado. Passados os anos de ajuste inicial pós-Plano real, o período de 2000 a 2007 oferece dados mais apropriados para desenvolver-se um estudo da dinâmica das vendas de varejo no Brasil. Este trabalho procura contribuir com uma análise empírica adicional sobre as relações entre o consumo, mais notadamente as vendas de varejo e o seu comportamento em relação à renda do trabalho assalariado, características sazonais, juros e condições de crédito ao consumidor da economia brasileira. O alicerce teórico utilizado é o da Teoria do Consumo, desenvolvida na intersecção dos campos da macro e microeconomia. A partir de um conjunto de perguntas direcionadoras sobre o comportamento agregado das vendas no varejo, são propostas cinco hipóteses a respeito da relação entre as vendas do varejo e a renda do consumidor, a reação das vendas a inovações no ambiente de crédito para o consumidor, comportamento das vendas em relação a juros, sazonalidade, prazo de pagamento e um indicador de alavancagem que relaciona volume de crédito e renda do consumidor. São desenvolvidos e testados modelos econométricos de séries temporais em sistemas de uma equação, equações simultâneas, inclusão de termos auto-regressivos e variáveis defasadas. As séries de índices de dados de vendas do varejo, renda do trabalho e condições de crédito são formadas a partir de séries disponibilizadas pelo IPEADATA. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de longo prazo entre as vendas do varejo e o rendimento do trabalho assalariado, confirmam a forte sazonalidade do quarto trimestre e Natal sobre o ano todo. Apontam também para um consumidor sensível a juros, prazo e, em menor grau, à alavancagem de crédito. Uma análise da função de resposta a impulso indica um tempo de reação das vendas de aproximadamente cinco meses para juros e alavancagem e tendência à estabilização numa posição inferior ao patamar anterior ao choque. The Brazilian retail has been experiencing a professionalization process that gradually is getting in line with its market importance. Several years after the initial adjustments post Real Plan, the period between 2000 and 2007 offered more appropriate information to conduct a thorough analysis on the Brazilian retail sales dynamics. The purpose of this study is to contribute with an additional empirical analysis about the consumption relationships, especially those related to retail sales and its connection with wage income revenues, seasonal variables, interest and the conditions of access to consumer credit in the Brazilian economy. This study is based on the consumption theory which derives from the intersection of micro and macro economy. Starting with a set of driving questions about the aggregate behavior of retail sales, the study presents five hypothesis about the relationships between the consumer income and retail sales; the association between sales trends and the innovations in the consumer credit market, interest , seasonality and payment terms and a leverage index that associates credit volume and consumer income. The study developed and tested econometric models of time series in single and multiple equation systems, simultaneous equations, that used the inclusion of self-regressive terms and retarded variables.The time series of retail sales indexes, wage income revenues and credit conditions have been pulled out of the time series available from IPEADATA. The result analysis indicates a long term relationship between retail sales and the wage income revenue, confirming a strong fourth quarter seasonality and Christmas season over the whole year period. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the consumer is sensitive primarily to interest and payment terms and secondly to credit leverage. An evaluation of the feedback function to impulse indicates a sales reaction trend period of approximately five months in regard to interest and leverage and a stabilization trend towards a lower position after the interest impact.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Determinants of consumption'

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