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Academic literature on the topic 'Détermination de structure à l’état solide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Détermination de structure à l’état solide"
Friesen, Gerald. "2005 Discours du président de la S.H.C." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2007): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015726ar.
Full textDentz, C., B. Bizot, A. Richier, and A. Schmitt. "Taphonomie et diagnose sexuelle primaire à partir de l’os coxal : du terrain au laboratoire." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/bmsap-2020-0094.
Full textLefèbvre, Mathieu, and Pierre Pestieau. "Numéro 152 - novembre 2019." Regards économiques, November 7, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/regardseco/2019.11.07.01.
Full textKilani, Mondher. "Culture." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.121.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Détermination de structure à l’état solide"
Dujardin, Nicolas. "Vitrification à l’état solide du glucose et maîtrise de la mutarotation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10087/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the solid state vitrification of glucose by mechanical milling and the control of its mutarotation. All the results have been obtained by XRD, DSC, TGA and Raman experiments. Our results show that crystalline a and ß glucose can be amorphized upon high energy ball milling. This route to the glassy state leads to remarkable anomerically pure amorphous states which cannot be obtained by the usual amorphisation processes (thermal quench…). We use this unique opportunity: 1. To show that the amorphisation upon milling occurs directly in the solid state through mechanisms which are fundamentally different from those implied in the quench of the liquid. 2. To form amorphous molecular alloys a-glucose / ß-glucose by co-milling on the whole concentration range. Furthermore, the control of the anomeric concentration gives the possibility to study, for the first time, the phase diagram of an anomeric binary mixture. 3. To study, from original way, the kinetics of mutarotation directly in the solid state. This study revealed the existence of an unexpected coupling between the mechanism of mutarotation (local process), and, the slow structural relaxation around Tg (cooperative process). Moreover, the microstructural evolution of glucose upon milling shows that amorphisation results from two mechanisms: an amorphisation on the crystallite surface area induced by violent shocks during milling and a spontaneous amorphisation of crystallites when their size becomes smaller than a critical size
Girard, Guillaume. "Caractérisation structurale de systèmes désordonnés par RMN de l’état solide et calculs DFT." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10081.
Full textThe combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy with GIAO/GIPAW-DFT calculations is nowadays a well-established method to characterize the atomic structure of simple molecular and crystalline compounds. The present work is dedicated to the application of this methodology to more complex systems, in particular those with local disorder. In a first part, this manuscript is dedicated to the structural characterization of niobiophosphate based materials by 31P/93Nb solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. The cationic disorder of one of these phases has been identified and characterized by the use of a combinatory approach associating 31P solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. In parallel, a new methodology combining 17O solid-state NMR and DFT-GIAO calculations has been proposed in order to characterize the structure of one oxo-tungsten based precatalyst supported on amorphous silica. This approach was initially validated by studying molecular oxo-tungsten based molecular compounds. The 17O-NMR response of each oxo group is, in fact, specific to the studied compound and the related anisotropic NMR parameters can be reproduced with high accuracy by DFT-GIAO calculation. Finally, this methodology allowed us to verify the nature and structure of the supported species by taking into account different grafting pathways
Märker, Katharina. "Détermination structurale de systèmes organiques par polarisation dynamique nucléaire et RMN solide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV082/document.
Full textSupramolecular structure determination of organic solids is of utter importance for understanding their properties and function. Structural insights at the atomic level can be provided by magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. However, this technique faces strong limitations in sensitivity due to the low natural isotopic abundance (NA) of the key nuclei 13C and 15N (1.1 % and 0.37 %, respectively). Sensitivity enhancement by several orders of magnitude can be achieved with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which is based on polarization transfer from electron to nuclear spins. The recent progress in the practical implementation of DNP opens up new and exciting possibilities for structure determination of organic solids which are explored in this thesis.The first step for structural studies with NMR is resonance assignment. The complete assignment of 13C and 15N resonances at NA is demonstrated here to be feasible based on DNP-enhanced 13C-13C and, for the first time, 13C-15N correlation spectra.The focus is then laid on obtaining structural information in the form of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen distances from the buildup of polarization in dipolar recoupling experiments. Several strategies are discussed for recording such polarization buildup curves at NA. A decisive advantage of these measurements is that dipolar truncation is reduced to a great extent in samples at NA, enabling undisturbed polarization transfer over long distances and a simple description of the spin dynamics by numerical simulations. This is demonstrated experimentally on the self-assembled cyclic diphenylalanine peptide (cyclo-FF). The 13C-13C and 13C-15N buildup curves obtained are indeed sensitive to long distances (up to ~ 7 Å) and are in excellent agreement with the crystal structure of cyclo-FF. Moreover, each buildup curve represents a superposition of multiple intra- and intermolecular distance contributions and can therefore provide a wealth of structural information.It is subsequently shown that the high information content and the simple theoretical description of such polarization buildup curves enables determination of both the molecular and the supramolecular structure of cyclo-FF. This is achieved with the help of a dedicated computational code which creates structural models based on a systematic grid-search and ranks them according to their agreement with the experimental data.The thesis concludes by presenting improvements for the homonuclear dipolar recoupling pulse sequence SR26 which is a powerful sequence for use in NA samples. These improvements enable increased recoupling efficiency and the acquisition of 2D correlation spectra with large spectral widths.Overall, this thesis demonstrates that clear advantages lie in the use of NA samples for structural studies of organic solids, and that MAS-DNP enables structure determination which is mainly based on distance information from NMR data
Masson, Pierre. "Applications de la vaporisation électrothermique couplée à la technique ICP-AES pour la détermination élémentaire dans les végétaux : une stratégie permettant l’analyse directe des échantillons à l’état solide." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3027/document.
Full textAmong the systems dedicated to the direct analysis of the solids, electrothermal vaporization takes up a place of choice. It offers several advantages. The preparation time of the samples is considerably reduced. There is no dilution induced by the digestion and the risks of losses or contaminations during this stage are eliminated. Its functioning consists to convert, by heating, a few milligrams of sample into an aerosol which is then transported in an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, where the elemental composition of the sample is determinate. A first fundamental study allowed to better understand the dynamics of the formed aerosol and to define the best operating conditions. However, the use of this technique to determine the elemental composition of solid plant samples presented additional difficulties: difficulty of calibration, matrix effects and important imprecision on the measured concentrations. The use of a cellulose support for the standard solutions allowed to harmonize the formation of the aerosol between the sample and the standard, and to obtain accurate results. The matrix effects can be considerably reduced by a preliminary dry-ashing of the samples. The variability of measurements, caused by the lack of homogeneity of the samples, was limited by reducing significantly the size of the solid particles. These results, obtained on powders, allowed other applications as the analysis of whole plant samples or the imaging of the chemical composition of plant organs
Truflandier, Lionel. "Détermination de paramètres RMN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : application aux éléments 3d en RMN de l'état solide." Nante, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2083.
Full textBesides Zeeman levels perturbation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) applied to solid state allows the observation of numerous coupling interactions that are not accessible in liquid state. Despite sequential developments for high resolution measurements, interpretation of resonance spectra remains delicate. .
Kunjir, Shrikant. "Study of new porous materials by NMR." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC211/document.
Full textThe zeolites are ‘molecular sieves’ known for their numerous applications in adsorption, ion exchange, and catalysis. In this thesis, we focused on the study of some questions related to zeolite synthesis and post-synthesis, which are not yet resolved by other techniques. NMR was the primary tool in this work, as it gives access to local structural information on nanocrystals even when diffraction techniques found their limits. NMR can also be used to study porosity using probe molecules adsorption, and in particular, xenon is known as a good molecule for this purpose. Indeed, the isotope 129Xe can be hyperpolarized to increase the detection sensitivity, and interestingly it presents a wide chemical shift range depending on its confinement and thus the porosity of studied material. Two studies are reported in this manuscript: (i) In the first study, the initial steps during the crystallization of nano-faujasite (FAU) type materials were investigated using classical NMR (mainly by 29Si and 23Na MAS NMR) and advanced NMR (129Xe HP NMR). It was shown that crystallization starts at much earlier synthesis stages than those observed by other classical techniques (XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption…). The first SBU seems to be the hexagonal prisms, prior to the sodalite cages, which rapidly form confined environment and then supercages. Moreover, it has been proved by 129Xe HP NMR and 2D EXSY that nano-faujasite zeolite presents opened sodalite cages and a more flexible structure than in micro-faujasite zeolite. (ii) The second study is an investigation on the recrystallization phenomena occurring during hierarchization process of zeolite and which could explain the homogenous distribution of the mesopore sizes. As a remarkable result, it has been shown in this work that during the hierarchization of beta zeolite with TPAOH, the recrystallization lead to the formation of tiny MFI particles, formed at the surface of the mesopores (1H MAS NMR, 129Xe HP NMR and 2D EXSY)
Paramelle, David. "Synthèse de nouveaux agents chimiques pour la détermination de structures tridimensionnelles à basse résolution de protéines." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20195.
Full textThe three-dimensional structure determination is essential for understanding biological functions of proteins. Alternative strategies to X-Ray crystallography and NMR have been developed to avoid some constraints (e. G. The need of a large quantity of pure crystallized protein). These strategies are based on the use of chemical reagents for protein modification followed by mass spectrometry analysis providing efficient low-resolution protein structure data (e. G. Solvent accessibility, distance constraints, position of post-translational modifications). However, the main difficulty to provide these data is the detection of low concentration of peptides of interest in a complex mixture. During this PhD study, three projects have been initiated to improve this detection by mass spectrometry. - Project 1 provided a new method using a light-absorbing label derived of -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and a suitable MALDI matrix. A significant spectral discrimination effect was obtained, enabling detection of peptides of interest by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. New mono and bifunctional chemical reagents were synthesized and used for the study of solvent accessibility and to measure constraint distances in two model proteins. - During the project 2, a new strategy to isolate peptides of interest after enzymatic digestion of a protein captured on resin beads was developped. This method relies on the use of solid supports loaded by different mono and bifunctional chemical reagents. - In the project 3, new chemical reagents bearing a light-absorbing label were synthesized to facilitate determination of phosphorylation sites by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Nagendrachar, Garaga Mounesha. "Structure locale autour d’hétéroatomes dans des matériaux alumino- et borosilicates pour la catalyse." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2013/document.
Full textWhile alumino- and borosilicate materials have paramount importance in catalysis, the molecular origin of their activity is not completely understood. This is mainly because the incorporation of heteroatoms into the silicate framework deteriorates the molecular order by generating local disorder that is particularly difficult to establish. Because of its local vision of ordered and disordered environments, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can play a key role to solve this long-standing issue. Surfactant-directed layered silicate materials with short-range molecular order are particularly interesting model systems to study the local structures around Al or B heteroatoms because the synthesis, molecular structures, and simple 29Si NMR signatures of their pure-silicate forms are well understood. Various amounts of Al and B atoms were incorporated into their frameworks, and their consequences on the local structure were investigated by state-of-the-art multidimensional NMR measurements probing spatial proximities or bonding interactions between 29Si, 11B, 27Al, and 1H nuclei, an approach that could be extended to atomic substitution in an aluminosilicate clay and a new calcium borosilicate. These results were combined with molecular modeling to build and evaluate structural models that capture the local framework distortions and sometimes profound rearrangements resulting from the atomic substitutions. This reveals remarkable differences between the consequences of the incorporation Al or B in two distinct frameworks of otherwise strongly-related materials, and offers a unique opportunity to understand the properties that drive heteroatom incorporation
Berruyer, Pierrick. "Three-Dimensional Structure Determination of Surface Sites with Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN042/document.
Full textThe ability to understand the properties of chemical systems relies on their detailed description at the molecular level. Over the last century, several methods based on X-ray diffraction have allowed a structure-based understanding of many materials. However, several key questions often remain unanswered. In particular when the system under investigation is located on a surface. Although an extensive range of surface-sensitive methods are available for surface science and give valuable information, they only lead to a partial understanding of surfaces at the molecular level. Moreover, these methods are not compatible with all kinds of materials and usually require the use of a model and pristine surface. Solid-State NMR would be a method of choice to characterize surfaces. However, the approach suffers from its intrinsically low sensitivity and this is strongly emphasize in the case of surfaces where the atoms of interest are diluted in the matrix. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) applied to surfaces (SENS) recently emerged as a very promising method to characterize surface sites. It offers a dramatic enhancement of NMR sensitivity and DNP applied to materials has led to many examples in the last ten years. In the present thesis, I have shown that DNP SENS, in combination with EXAFS, allowed the detailed 3D structure determination of the silica-supported organometallic complex determined with a precision of 0.7 angstroms. In parallel, some experimental aspect of DNP SENS have been explored. A spin diffusion has been developed to understand diffusion of hyperpolarization in porous media. A new aqueous DNP matrix, coined DNP Jelly, has been developed to characterize nanoparticles and thus expanding experimental range of DNP SENS. Finally, the first experiment of DNP NMR at fast magic angle spinning (up to 40 kHz) and high field are reported
Habenstein, Birgit. "Structural insights into fibrillar proteins from solid-state NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10212.
Full textSolid-state NMR is the method of choice for studies on insoluble proteins and other high molecular weight protein complexes. The inherent insolubility of fibrillar proteins, as well as their complex architecture, makes the application of x-ray crystallography and solution state NMR difficult. Solid-state NMR is not limited by the molecular weight or by the absence of long-range structural order, and is thus a powerful tool for the 3D structural investigation of fibrillar proteins. The assignment of the NMR resonances is a prerequisite to obtain structural information at atomic level. The first part of this thesis describes the development of solid-state NMR methods to assign the resonances in large proteins. We apply these methods to assign the 33 kDa C-terminal domain of the Ure2p prion which is up to now the largest protein assigned by solid-state NMR. Our results provide the basis to study high molecular weight proteins at atomic level. This is demonstrated in the second part with the first high-resolution solid-state NMR study of Ure2 and Sup35 prion fibrils. We describe the conformation of the functional domains and prion domains in the full-length fibrils and in isolation. The third fibrillar protein addressed in this work is the Parkinson’s disease related α-synuclein whereof we demonstrate the NMR resonance assignment and the secondary structure determination of a new polymorph. Thus, the studies described here provide new insights in the structural diversity of fibril architectures, and plead to view fibrils as individuals from a structural point of view, rather than a homogenous protein family