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1
Siregar, Sakinah. "STIMULASI VERBAL LINGUISTIK ANAK MELALUI METODE BERMAIN PERAN." BUHUTS AL-ATHFAL: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/alathfal.v1i2.3826.
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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the verbal linguistic development of young children through the application of the role playing method. This research was conducted based on the findings of the low verbal linguistic intelligence of children due to lack of interaction with teachers and peers this is due to the dominant learning activity of calistung and the use of learning methods that are less effective in stimulating all aspects of children's development, especially children's verbal linguistics. The research design used was a post test only control design, using two groups that had the same characteristics. While the determination of the class is done randomly with a total sample of 33 children in each group. The instrument of data collection was observation with t-test data analysis. . With a significance level of = 0.05. Based on these results, the hypothesis states that stimulation using the role playing method has a significant effect on children's verbal linguistics, namely from the results of hypothesis testing, it is obtained that tcount t table is 11.39 1.671 at level = 0.05. Thus the role playing method has a significant effect on the development of verbal linguistic intelligence in early childhood.Keywords: verbal linguistics, role playing, early childhood.
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B., M. Asri, Tamrin Tamrin, Nursyamsi Nursyamsi, and Deni Karsana. "KOMPARASI HASIL KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK ANTARA PARADIGMA LAMA DAN PARADIGMA BARU TERHADAP PENANGANAN KASUS PENGHINAAN DAN/ATAU PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL DI POLDA SULAWESI TENGAH." Prosiding Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya (KOLITA) 20, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/kolita.20.3796.
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One of the cases handled by the Central Sulawesi Regional Police Investigators was the language crimes case in cyberspace, namely insult and/or defamation cases. In handling defamation cases on social media, such as: Facebook and WhatsApp, the Central Sulawesi Police investigators involved linguists or expert witnesses to reveal the meaning of language through forensic linguistic studies. Forensic linguistics was a linguistics branch which analyzed and researches language used as a tool of evidence in courts and the legal field. The linguistic methods application to legal issues was one of the forensic linguistics functions as an applied science where various linguistic theories could be applied in the linguistic samples analysis on the investigative process. The results study showed that it’s stated in the criminal procedure evidence form (BAP). Furthermore, in determining the articles to be charged by the language crimes perpetrators, the police investigators were guided by Law Number 19 of 2016 amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning ITE (as the old paradigm). Furthermore, a joint decree (SKB) by the Communication and Information Minister, the National Police Chief, and the Attorney General would serve as a guideline for the implementation criteria for the 2021 Electronic Information and Transaction Law (as a new paradigm). The study purpose was to reveal the results of the comparative analysis of linguists who still use the old paradigm with the new paradigm for handling cases of insults and/or defamation through social media at the Central Sulawesi Regional Police. The method used was descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique used was a documentary study. The four copies form data of the BAP results from the forensic linguistic study would be compared or compared based on the old paradigm and the new paradigm. The BAP four copies which included five cases insult and/or defamation through Facebook as referred to in Article 27 paragraph (3) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (3) of the Republic of Indonesia Law no. 16 of 2016 amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and transactions, (a) Cases reported to the Central Sulawesi Regional Police based on police report number: LP/129/III/2017/SPKT, dated March 12 2017, (b) Cases reported to Central Sulawesi Regional Police based on police report number: LP/247/IV/2017/SPKT, dated May 08 2017, (c) Cases reported to Central Sulawesi Police based on police report number, LP/478/X/2017/SPKT, 28 October 2017, (d) Cases reported to Central Sulawesi Regional Police based on police report number LP/109/IV/2019/SPKT, 08 April 2019. The study results indicated that there were differences between the old paradigm and the new paradigm in determining legal policies (articles determination) on insult and/or defamation cases handling of five cases which had been handled by Central Sulawesi Regional Police investigators.
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Setyadi, Ary. "Pemaknaan Afiks Ter- dalam entuk Polimorfemis (?)." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.15.1.65-75.
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The ability to combine affixes with other morphemes in the form of polymorphism is interesting to study, because the ability to join with other factors influences the determination of various meanings. The determination of the meaning of an affixed lingual unit must start from the (existing) form and then to the meaning.The study of the form of affixes polymorphic morphemes is based on the application of linguistic theory in the field of morphology, because the data problem is related to the complex morpheme shape. Sources of data depart, both from oral data sources and written data sources, so that existing data are primary and secondary.The results of the data analysis show that the initial data is not data that is directly used as a basis for determining, but must first consider the sentence structure pattern (for the sake of structuring the logic elements and structuring grammatical elements).Keywords: Affixes; shape; morpheme; polymorphism. IntisariKemampuan daya gabung afiks ter- dengan morfem lain dalam bentuk polimorfemis menarik dikaji, sebab dari kemampuan bergabung dengan morfem lain berpengaruh atas penentuan bermacam makna. Penentuan makna satu satuan lingual berunsur afiks ter- harus bermula dari bentuk (yang ada) baru kemudian ke makna.Pengkajian bentuk morfem polimorfemis berunsur afiks ter- bertolak pada penerapan teori linguistik bidang morfologi, sebab persoalan data berkait dengan bentuk morfem kompleks. Sumber data bertolak, baik dari sumber data lisan maupun sumber data tulis, sehingga data yang ada bersifat primer dan sekunder.Hasil analisis data menampakkan bahwa data awal bukan merupakan data yang secara langsung dipakai sebagai bahan pijakan penentuan maka, tetapi harus terlebih dahulu perlu diperhatikan pola struktur kalimatnya (demi kebenaran penataan unsur logika dan penataan unsur tata bahasa).Kata kunci; Afiks; bentuk; morfem; polimorfemis.
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Nilufar, Najmidinova. "INNOVATIVE PROGRAM FOR DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL DISCREDIT." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-42.
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Today, serious attention is being paid to the practical significance of language, how easily and fairly it solves problems in human life. This article deals with the cases of discrediting a person and his linguistic examination, the circumstances in which a person is discredited, its linguistic and legal basis, as well as the role of linguists and jurists in ensuring the inviolability of the honor, dignity and dignity of every member of society. thought about.
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Eyal-Salman, Azmi. "Factors Directing Linguistic Change in External Linguistics." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Language Sciences and Literature, no. 29 (February 10, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ll19582449.
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The structuralist movement distinguished between the two types of linguistics: internal linguistics and external linguistics. This classification aimed at determining and naming clear distinctions between the factors in which the linguistic determination process is distributed in modern linguistics. There are internal factors, motivated by subjective principles, which are the fixed forces that direct and balance the language system at the same time. There are also external factors, more dynamic factors that direct the language system and control its change. According to the model adopted by the study, the external factors are confined to two groups: one relates to the expelling forces of the language, and the other relates to the attractive forces of the language. The importance of this determination lies in its display of an aspect of the law of equilibrium that governs the development of all languages. There are two opposing tendencies that direct the language in two contrasting paths: one of them tends the language toward disorder, and the other tends to stabilize it. This study adopted the attractive forces of language as its subject, detailing three external factors that had a major impact on steadying and stabilizing the language and in reducing the speed of change and disturbance. These factors were represented in three main institutions: the scientific domain, the cultural domain, and the political domain. The study concluded that these three domains or contexts have a prominent role in forcing speakers to adopt a unified linguistic identity that imposes a kind of stability on the language in use. All of them have contributed, with their hierarchical functions, after each other, in creating a safe environment that preserves the language’s balance and gives it a measure of relative stability in order to enable the language preserving its essential function, which is to remain a valid tool for communication between people.
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Zaffi, Davide. "Sprachgruppen und die Selbstbestimmung Wilson’scher Prägung." Europäisches Journal für Minderheitenfragen 12, no. 3-4 (2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/ejm-2019-0002.
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Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 2. Identification." Discourse 5, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-5-99-113.
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Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter R-linguistics) and is devoted to the origin of signs, their independence and determination of the dimension of linguistic spaces.Methodology and sources. The article is devoted to the continuation of the axiomatic approach, but for the identification process. Research methods are to develop the necessary mathematical concepts for linguistics in the field of identification. Results and discussion. The concept of a sign is defined and its interrelation with decomposition of linguistic spaces is established. This radically changes the attitude to signs in linguistics, where the “external” origin of signs is assumed. It is shown that the decomposition of linguistic spaces into signs spaces entails the independence of signs and the possibility of decomposition of objects of identification. It is fundamentally distinguished by the signs on the parameters. On the basis of the independence of signs it is possible to formulate the notion of dimension of linguistic spaces, which is defined as the smallest number of signs describing the linguistic space. In the lattice of linguistic spaces there is a division operation, which allows to simplify the selection of signs.Conclusion. The main conclusions are as follows. Signs, on the basis of which the identification of objects in the category, are abstract mathematical objects associated with the decomposition of linguistic spaces. Signs are independent from each other and allow not only to make decomposition of spaces, but also to decompose on parts objects of identification. Their origin is not related to their presence in the “outside world”, so it, as will be shown later, creates the basis for the emergence of language.
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Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 2. Identification." Discourse 5, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-55-99-113.
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Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter R-linguistics) and is devoted to the origin of signs, their independence and determination of the dimension of linguistic spaces.Methodology and sources. The article is devoted to the continuation of the axiomatic approach, but for the identification process. Research methods are to develop the necessary mathematical concepts for linguistics in the field of identification. Results and discussion. The concept of a sign is defined and its interrelation with decomposition of linguistic spaces is established. This radically changes the attitude to signs in linguistics, where the “external” origin of signs is assumed. It is shown that the decomposition of linguistic spaces into signs spaces entails the independence of signs and the possibility of decomposition of objects of identification. It is fundamentally distinguished by the signs on the parameters. On the basis of the independence of signs it is possible to formulate the notion of dimension of linguistic spaces, which is defined as the smallest number of signs describing the linguistic space. In the lattice of linguistic spaces there is a division operation, which allows to simplify the selection of signs.Conclusion. The main conclusions are as follows. Signs, on the basis of which the identification of objects in the category, are abstract mathematical objects associated with the decomposition of linguistic spaces. Signs are independent from each other and allow not only to make decomposition of spaces, but also to decompose on parts objects of identification. Their origin is not related to their presence in the “outside world”, so it, as will be shown later, creates the basis for the emergence of language.
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Juodkaitė - Granskienė, Gabrielė, Gintarė Herasimenkienė, Anelė Žalkauskienė, and Raimundas Jurka. "Problem of Definition of Plagiarism and Features of Usage of Other Texts Identified in Forensic Linguistics Examinations." Pedagogika 126, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.29.
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The article presents definition of plagiarism used by academic society. Authors also present legal practices used in forensic linguistic examinations to determine breaches of authorship determined in Criminal code. The analysis presented reveals that the fact of determination of breach of author rights reflects also the plagiarism, but no always determinations of plagiarism leads to the determination of offence under Criminal code. Nevertheless, authors define main features of plagiarism, used for determination of breach of authorship which may be used in other academic procedures by different Universities and related institutions.
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Swiggers, Pierre. "XXth-century theories of language: an epistemological diagnosis." Linguistica 36, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.36.1.3-16.
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This article id intended as a study in the methodology and epistemology of linguistics, a field which developed out of theoretical linguistics in the past thirty years.Methodology and epistemology (or philosophy) 1 of linguistics can be subsumed underthegeneral domain of "philosophical linguistics" (cfr. Kasher - Lappin 1977), whichalsoincludes a theory of meaning and reference, a theory of linguistic (or, moregenerallysemiotic) communication, and - in some cases - a formalization of linguisticsubsystems. The specific contribution of methodology and epistemology of linguistics liesinthe definition of the object of linguistics, in the determination and justification of itsre search techniques, in the appreciation of its results with respect to a broader field ofin vestigation, in the reflection on the nature, status, and variability of approaches tolan guage.
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Zakharova, Nataliya Egorovna. "Linguistic consciousness of the bilingual Evenks of Yakutia (on the material of adjectives denoting character traits of a human)." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.12.34745.
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The subject of this research is the content of images of linguistic consciousness of the Evenks who do not have a command of the native language. The goal consists in determination of the peculiarities of linguistic consciousness of the Evenks of Yakutia who do not have a command of the native language. Methodological framework of this research is comprised of the relevant works in the area of language contacts of modern linguists, as well as the works dedicated to the Evenki-Yakut and Yakut-Russian interaction. Works by the scholars of the Moscow Psycholinguistic School became fundamental in describing the worldview of the Evenks. The conducted sociopsycholinguistic comparative research of the ethnocultural specificity of adjectives denoting character traits of a human in the Evenki language allows determining the general and the particular, indicating the differences between the cultures and their ethnic specificity. The reconstructed via associative experiment model of lexicon represents the system of intersecting associative fields. The associative ties between the units of human lexicon are based on the main types of linguistic relations (paradigmatic, syntagmatic, derivational), as well as o extra-linguistic experience of a person, are the basis of associative relations between the units of the human lexicon. For example, associative fields is the method of externalization of consciousness, which helps in the analysis of linguistic consciousness, processes of production and perception of speech. The content of associative fields in different languages points at either similarity or discrepancy of the worldviews of different cultures. The acquired results of may be valuable for further comparative and area studies of languages of the peoples of the North that are under risk of extinction, as well as in studying linguistic consciousness, cross-cultural communication, linguoculturological research, theory of translation, and in special courses on problems of linguistics.
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Batyushkina, M. V. "LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE IN LEGAL DISCOURSE: TYPES AND ASPECTS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-2-164-172.
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The article is devoted to the relevance of special linguistic knowledge in legal discourse and the determination of the competence of an expert linguist. It features the analyses of the basis for the use of linguistic expertise in the aspect of the legal discourse. Special attention is given to the analysis of the relation between the concept of juridical discourse and the legislative discourse, law enforcement discourse, court discourse. The problem of classification of linguistic expertise with application of methods of the theory of classification and an example of subsumption classification division of linguistic expertise are considered. The problem of classification of linguistic expertise can be solved only through a systematic approach. It is shown that one of the most important issues of modern linguistic expertise is the problem of the choice from a wide range of experts as well as the interdisciplinary competence of the forensic linguist. The article includes analysis of the requirements to the experts. It is demonstrated that integrated (inter-disciplinary) investigations may be carried out, as it often happen in current practice, by a single examiner possessing all the necessary qualifications. The study is based on the general scientific dialectical method. The author uses the following special methods: systemstructural method, logical method, comparative method, as well as induction and analysis. The presented results provide ideas for further discussion on the problem of classification of linguistic expertise and interdisciplinary competence of the linguist-expert.
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Pallades, Victor V. "Taboo Words as a Component of Invective Vocabulary and Their Determining in Arabic against the Background of Russian and English Languages." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 2 (2022): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.209.
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The paper is devoted to understanding of the taboo phenomenon in language as a component of invective vocabulary on the example of Arabic, English and Russian languages, and also to study of the borders of this phenomenon and methods of its determination. In his study of conceptual features of forbidden words the author of the article refers to the works of K. Allen and K. Burridge, as well as M. Ljung. In addition to the theoretical works of linguists, the author analyzes the existing practice of implementing linguistic prohibitions in Russian, English, which affects such areas as legislation and media. Especially valuable material that was analyzed, was studies of English-speaking media regulators and major broadcasting companies. The main purpose of these surveys was to identify the list of words that audience considered unacceptable on the air, i.e. taboo. As for Arab law, there is no separation of vocabulary on permissible and unacceptable, as well as there is no obvious border and in Arabic language standards or usage. However, this does not mean the lack of prohibited words and the author clearly demonstrates the presence of taboos on examples from Arab media. In addition, the article discusses the works of Arab linguists M. A. Khatyab and N. Ya. Kanbar, dedicated to taboo vocabulary. Nevertheless, the problem of reliable determination and identification of language taboos has not been solved yet, and the author of the paper proposes a relevant criterion to determine the taboo words on the basis of the approaches existing in modern linguistics.
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Shatalova, Alena Vladimirovna. "Comparative and superlative degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs as a means of representation of the center of the functional-semantic field of comparativity (based on modern publicistic texts of in the German and Russian languages)." Филология: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2022): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2022.1.35944.
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The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by rapid development of the functional vector in modern linguistics and its impact upon the nature of contrastive research. Shift in the focus of attention is associated by the scholars’ pursuit to view the linguistic phenomena and facts from the perspective of their functionality in speech. The characteristic feature of the research conducted by modern linguists is the application of field approach towards studying the linguistic phenomena. The starting point within the framework of this approach is certain common meaning; it is followed by determination of the various linguistic means for expressing this meaning. A number of scholars, including L. G. Popova, L. M. Shatilova, I. S. Kalyatin, and A. V. Shatalov, in their works conduct a linguistic analysis of linguistic means that function within the boundaries of functional-semantic field of comparativity based on the material of cognate and non-cognate languages. The object of this research is the grammatical means of expressing comparativity in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the semantics and structure of the central components of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the languages under consideration. The goal lies in revealing the common and distinctive features in the formation and use of comparative and superlative forms in the German and Russian languages. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the category of comparativity on the material of German and Russian languages, and the representative grammatical means that form the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity, using the texts of modern journals and newspapers. It is determined that the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the German and Russian languages lies in comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.
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Nardi, Antonella. "Zur Übertragung funktional-pragmatischer Begrifflichkeit vom Deutschen ins Italienische. Übersetzungsvorschläge am Beispiel von Determinativkomposita zu Handlung." Fachsprache 38, no. 3-4 (November 15, 2016): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v38i3-4.1269.
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This paper sets out to investigate specific issues when translating from German to Italian with reference to linguistic terms. Firstly, general problems concerning the translation oflinguistic terms are discussed, then specific aspects of translation from German into Italian are analyzed. Finally, proposals for the translation of German terms which are determinative compounds receive attention and comment. The analyzed terms belong to the conceptual system of Functional Pragmatics. The latter is a theoretical approach to linguistics rooted in the German linguistic tradition.
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Murray, Stephen O. "Network Determination of Linguistic Variables?" American Speech 68, no. 2 (1993): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455675.
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Lanović, Nina. "Expressão do valor genérico nos provérbios portugueses e croatas." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 2 (2022): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/ling2022v2a12.
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Starting from the hypothesis that proverbs represent prototypes of generic sentences and considering that, in our view, they have not been properly studied in the field of linguistics (especially Croatian linguistics), we propose in this work to reflect on the mechanisms that convey the generic value of proverbs. We believe that the generic interpretation in a proverbial context arises from the interaction of several factors – from the linguistic (semantic-pragmatic) ones to certain conceptual mechanisms. At the linguistic level, genericity is actualized in the behavior of several grammatical categories, from nouns and noun phrases, adverbial adjuncts, determiners and quantifiers, and temporal, aspectual and modal values, to the interpropositional relations that represent “type-situations”. For the purposes of this work, we focused on the noun phrase (in the subject position), an aspect that we find relevant even in terms of comparing Portuguese and Croatian proverbial texts, due to the differences between these two languages in the expression of the category (in)determination. The problematization of the properties of the subject noun phrase necessarily requires considering the semantic nature of predications. Since genericity is a linguistic, but also a logical and conceptual “universal”, we propose to investigate the mechanisms in which it is actualized in (European) Portuguese and Croatian proverbs
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Akhmedovna, Allanazarova Mamura. "Basic Concepts And Principles Of Cognitive Linguistics." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 09 (September 29, 2020): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-61.
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That it is done in the framework of new anthropocentric linguistic trends-Cognitive linguistics and Linguoculturology; by the absence of researches of this concepts in the English language; by the importance of concepts Water and Fire in representing linguistic and national world pictures. Aim and tasks of research are the determination of linguocognitive, national-cultural value of concepts Water and Fire and specific features of its verbalization in lexical, word-formational, phraseological units, particularly in paremiologic, aphoristic texts in the English language. The degree of novelty of the research is determined by the fact that is the first investigation devoted to the cognitive and linguocultural study of concepts Water and Fire in the English language. The material of the research can be used in delivering lectures and practical lessons on General Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Stylistics, Text linguistics, Text Analysis, Linguocultural Studies, in writing research works, text books and manuals. The results are complex method of cognitivecultural analysis has been worked out, the cognitive and linguocultural value of concepts Water and Fire has been determined, the cognitive interpretation of metaphorical nominations that represent concepts Water and Fire has been done and national-cultural specificity of concepts Water and Fire has been defined. The conceptophere Water and Fire plays a great role in linguistic world pictures of the English linguoculture and represented by lexical, word formation, phraseological units as well as texts. The research can be continued in the framework of the following topics: comparative study of this concept in different languages; taxonomical analysis of concepts and conceptospheres in different languages; investigation of gender factors reflected in different concepts.
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Zimman, Lal. "Trans self-identification and the language of neoliberal selfhood: Agency, power, and the limits of monologic discourse." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 256 (February 25, 2019): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-2016.
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Abstract Sociocultural linguists share with transgender communities a strong interest in the power of individuals to assert agency over linguistic patterns. For trans people, a key principle of activism is gender self-determination, which treats each individual as the ultimate authority on their own gender identity. This article explores some of the ways gender self-determination and self-identification surface in transgender people’s linguistic practices. Three particular manifestations are highlighted: gendered identity labels, third person pronouns, and body part terminology. The observations offered on these subjects are based on a series of ethnographic projects carried out from 2006–2016 in transgender communities across several metropolitan areas in the United States and in online spaces frequented by trans people. However, the analysis goes beyond mere description by treating this kind of individualized linguistic agency as the product of cultural practice rather than an asocial given. Such a perspective introduces questions concerning why this form of agency arose in the time and place that it has. This article frames gender self-identification as an enactment of neoliberal personhood, in which individuals are framed as the driver of their destiny. What the ideology of neoliberal agency obscures, however, is that agency is not an equally distributed resource.
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Novak, I. P. "Basic vocabulary of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-1-90-101.
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Introduction: Karelian and Vepsian vocabulary has been collected and studied by linguists from Russia and Finland for two centuries. An invaluable source for research in the dialectology of the North-East group of the Baltic-Finnish languages is the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (2007). The dictionary was prepared by staff of the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences using field research data from 1979–1981. The article reports the main results of applying the statistical method of cluster analysis to the dictionary entries. Objective: the analysis of the basic vocabulary of the dialects of the Karelian and Vepsian languages in the linguistic and geographical aspect using the statistical method of cluster analysis (dialectometry method). Research materials: pre-encoded for being uploaded to the clustering software database lexical data from the «Comparative and Onomasiological Dictionary of the Karelian, Vepsian and Sami Languages» (about 43 thousand units). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the research is the application of the statistical method of cluster analysis to large volumes of pre-encoded lexical dialect material. The results of the calculation confirm the conclusions made by linguists earlier regarding the unity of the Vepsian and Karelian languages, as well as the presence of a clear border between them. The question of determination of the linguistic status of the Ludic dialects, which has been the subject of discussions among Russian and Finnish linguists for decades, is resolved in favor of the Karelian dialect on the basis of the material involved in the analysis. The boundaries between clusters outlined by the clustering program for the Vepsian language coincided with its dialect classification. On the Karelian part of the final map, the main bundle of isoglosses shifted north of the border between the dialects of the language, which indicates a more mobile character of its lexical level. The results presented in the article and the method of obtaining them will be later used to develop a linguistically grounded classification of Karelian language dialects.
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Besedina, Yelena I., Anastasia I. Dudkina, and Maria Y. Kopylovskaya. "LEARNING DISCOURSE STRATEGIES FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Методички видици 8, no. 8 (January 12, 2018): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/mv.2017.8.355-372.
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The article deals with the issue of facilitating learning the specific features of spoken professional communication for International Relations through discourse analysis. The authors present an EFL methodology solution to the problem of teaching ESP to International Relations students based on a strong determination to use the latest advancements in linguistics, i.e. discourse analysis for the purposes of ESP teaching at the university level of education, namely the bulk of linguistic research into the rhetoric of discourse strategies. The paper considers the very concept of discourse and discourse strategies, provides examples of discourse strategies used by IR VIP persons in publicly open interviews on TV and outlines the methodology applied to structure the educational process to help students use their linguistic knowledge to achieve efficiency in spoken professional intercultural communication.
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Otsomieva, Zabikhat Magomedovna. "Female image in the Avar toponymy." Филология: научные исследования, no. 11 (November 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.11.34749.
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This article examines the female image within the national linguistic worldview based on the Avar toponymic lexicon. The subject of this research is the semantics of toponymic units with the content “characteristic of a woman”, methods of their formation and ability to reflect perception of the world of the Avar dialect speakers. The author explores the following aspect: 1) determination of the reasons for toponymization of female anthroponyms; 2) establishment of the role of the Avar anthroponymy in toponymic research; 3) clarification of the role of unit, which reflects different aspects of woman’s personality, that determine behavior and lifestyle within the toponymy of Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Kazbekovsky and Khunzakhsky districts of Dagestan. The conclusion is made that the experience of combining obtained and systematizing toponymic units for describing the representations on the female image contributes to the formation of geographical proper names. It emerged that toponymic lexemes reflect the transition from immanent linguistics, which studies language within and for itself, towards anthropocentric (or anthropophilic) linguistics, which focuses on the study of human with all the characteristics. The article examines the linguistic aspects of toponymy; analyzes and classifies toponymic units that contain female names, taking into account the semantics and peculiarities of their use. The acquired linguistic conclusions can be valuable for further research within the framework of studying female image in different aspects.
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Abisheva, Klara M., Rimma G. Seidakhmetova, and Zhazira M. Iskakova. "Abai as a precedent onym and the problem of his linguocognitive, cultural and pragmatic essence." Neophilology, no. 22 (2020): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-22-302-307.
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This work is devoted to the research of onym's essence as a linguocognitive, linguocultural and pragmatic sign. The problem of the research is relevant due to the insufficient knowledge about the essence of proper name, determination of its place in the system of nominative and cognitive signs, and incomplete identification of its speech and language nature. The purpose of the work is to consider the proper name “Abai” as a precedent phenomenon. We establish and present the linguocognitive, cultural and pragmatic essence of the phenomenological personality's name, which allows us to reveal various knowledge about the Kazakh enlightener, assess his personality, analyze of the language and culture native speakers’ attitude to the poet. We use an integrated methodological paradigm based on anthropocentric, cognitive and functional principles. Within its framework we use knowledge from various sciences (cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, pragmatics, communicative linguistics). We prove the verbal and linguistic, cognitive and culturological essence of the onym “Abai”. We draw conclusions about the precedent of this onyme. Applicable scope – linguistics, cognitive linguistics.
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Batyushkina, Marina. "On Linguistic Expert Examination of Draft Laws." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18684.
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The article is devoted to the problem of determination of the subject of linguistic expert examination of draft laws on the basis of the current legislation analysis in the aspect of theoretical and applied linguistics. In this research the author uses the comparative, statistical methods, as well as induction, analysis and synthesis. The article analyzes different types of definitions of linguistic expert examination of draft laws, and examines some problems related to the expert analysis of draft laws. The author of the article notes certain features of correlation between linguistic expert examination of draft laws and legal expert examination of draft laws. The author expresses her own position in relation to the concept and content of linguistic expert examination of draft laws, on the basis of the current practice in the rule-making sphere. The author pays attention to the criteria for evaluation of the text of the draft law: “consistency of presentation” (allows analyzing and evaluating linguistic units and the text of the draft law as a voice unit), “literacy” (allows checking the draft law text for grammar, spelling, punctuation, slips, factual or technical mistakes) and “matching style” (allows analyzing and evaluating the draft law text talking into account the compliance to stylistic features of drafting legislative texts).
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Karpilovska, Ievheniia. "Terms–Aspectual Synonyms in the Cognitive Space of Language." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-2.
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The article deals with the Ukrainian linguistic terms – aspectual synonyms. They are considered as a kind of conceptual synonyms that have common or different features of the same concept. Groups of homogeneous aspectual synonyms which form facets in the cognitive space of contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system are determined as well as groups of heterogeneous aspectual synonyms, which are organized into clusters. The operational function of such synonyms for the forming of classes of equivalents of one- and multi-lingual terms in the informational-retrieval language of the keywords of the Base of the World Slavic Linguistics iSybislaw is emphasized. Determination of certain feature in the cognitive structure of multilingual terms creates the base for revealing the degree of their content closeness and the validity for the inclusion of terms-keywords to the certain classes of equivalence in the information-retrieval language of iSybislaw. The determination of common cognitive features for terms in different languages enables the structuring of their classes of equivalents in the iSybislaw system and, therefore, to organize searching of information within certain facets of aspectual synonyms within such classes; to search equivalents to foreign linguistic terms with the same features of the nomination concept common for them in certain national linguistic traditions. The analysis of aspectual synonyms in the contemporary Ukrainian linguistic terminological system will provide a solid basis for studying the state and perspectives of understanding the linguistic concepts which today are in the focus of attention and active work of specialists, as well as to find their links with the nominations of the same concepts in other languages and the forming of classes of equivalents for the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw system. Such structuring of the classes of equivalents on the basis of the commonality of the features of multi-lingual coreferential terms will help to optimize the searching of information in the database of system iSybislaw, as well as to create on its basis a new thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology as a hypertext system.
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Novikova, Elina. "Linguacultural Determination of German Scientific Linguistic Discourse in the Genre “Scientific Article”." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (August 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2022.4.6.
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The research focuses on the relevant linguistic problem of scientific texts genre organization analysis aimed at identification of their common and distinctive features in different languages, and specifics of their linguistic means determination. The article represents the peculiarities of research paper carried out in the frameworks of German scientific discourse by a native German speaker and a non-native one. The research material is comprised of the German-language scientific articles on linguistics published in the collection of scientific works of an international conference. Three categories of scientific articles underwent the analysis: the article written by a native German speaker; the article written by a non-native German speaker; the co-authored article by native and non-native German speakers. The text array of the considered discourse has been studied in order to identify structural and verbal peculiarities of the text of scientific article, written by the representatives of different linguacultures – a native or a non-native speaker. Similarities and differences in dictum and modus components, thematic affiliation, research paradigm are established. The communicative purpose, the image of the author and the addressee, the elements of formal organization of the scientific text are determined. The most frequent verbal means, which indicate discursive parameters of a scientific article, are revealed. The analysis showed significant divergences in the use of linguistic means. The author argues that the articles of non-native German speakers demonstrate grammatical and genre interference of their native language: the author of a scientific publication in a foreign language applies linguistic means peculiar to the language system of the native language and adjusts their use to the genre conventions of the native language. It signifies linguacultural determination of scientific discourse and holds out prospects for further studies.
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Vicente, Agustín, and Marta Jorba. "The Linguistic Determination of Conscious Thought Contents." Noûs 53, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 737–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12239.
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Slocum, B. G. "Linguistics and 'Ordinary Meaning' Determinations." Statute Law Review 33, no. 1 (January 16, 2012): 39–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmr025.
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Kurchinskaya-Grasso, Natalia. "The problematic of translation of legal texts." Филология: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.31362.
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This article explores the translation of legal texts, as it is usually fraught with a variety of challenges of linguistic and extralinguistic nature. The translator must have a strong command of linguistics, translation skills and profound knowledge of national and international criminal-procedural of civil-procedural law. Focus is made on the one hand on determination of typology of general linguistic and translation problems pertaining to legal documents, and on the other – on identification of peculiarities of these problems depending on qualification of a specialist doing legal translation. The main characteristics of legal texts are viewed from the perspective of applied comparative legal science. Interdisciplinary approach towards research in the area of legal translation is a logical solution for the analysis of emerging problems. The article demonstrates some mistakes in translation of legal terms on the example of English, Polish, and Italian languages. The author comes to the conclusion that for a translator without the background of legal practice it is difficult to do the translation of legal texts; as well as submits a proposal on comprising methodological recommendations.
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Tekavčić, Pavao. "Horst Geckeler - Dieter Kattenbusch, Einführung in die italienische Sprach wissenschaft, Romanische Arbeitshefte hrsg. von Gustav Ineichen und Bernd Kiel hofer vol. 28, Tübingen 1987, Max Niemeyer Verlag, IX+ 163 pp." Linguistica 28, no. 1 (December 1, 1988): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.28.1.160-163.
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Un'introduzione allo studio di una lingua, che sia possibilmente completa e che nel contempo non superi determinati limiti, è un'impresa molto meno facile di quanto possa sembrare ai «non addetti ai lavori», soprattutto con il rapido sviluppo della linguistica modema. Se a questa considerazione generale aggiungiamo che nel caso concreto si tratta di introduzione allo studio di uno dei due più noti e più studiati idiomi romanzi e che finora mancavano manuali introduttivi per l'italiano, abbiamo delineato il compito che si sono assunti i due linguisti tedeschi, offrendo agli italianisti in Germania il citato Arbeitsheft, che in seguito recensiamo.
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Aghamaliyeva, Jamila. "The Determination of the Linguistic Status of Ellipsis." International Journal of English Linguistics 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v11n2p85.
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The article deals with the study of ellipses in the English language. It states the importance and urgency of the investigation of ellipsis. The urgency of the investigation and its importance in the science of linguistics are substantiated and the direction of investigation and the methods used for the study of the problem are determined in the article as well.
A special attention is paid to the revelation of theoretical views and the author’s attitudes to these viewpoints are discovered. Another problem to be paid worth of attention is considered structural and semantic peculiarities of sentence and utterance in the investigation because in the determination of the status of linguistic ellipsis this problem plays an important role. Determination of which viewpoint on being ellipsis a sentence or an utterance is considered as one of the main purposes of the investigation in the article, for in the determination of ellipsis as a sentence or an utterance, there is not a unanimous opinion. In the theoretical part of the article all these views are distinguished and highlighted for the successful achievement of the purpose. For the first time, in the article the status of ellipsis is considered on the ground of sentence and utterance.
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Chuquet, Hélène. "Qualitative determination in literary texts: a linguistic approach." Études anglaises 55, no. 4 (2002): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etan.554.0472.
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Boroch, Robert. "Do czego konieczny jest język? – kilka uwag w kontekście ewolucji języka i antropologii słowa." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 5 (2018): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2018.5.01.
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The article refers to the hypotheses concerning the evolution of language presented in an article by Magdalena Danielewiczowa and entitled What is language needed for? What is necessary in language? The hypotheses proposed by Danielewiczowa have far-reaching methodological consequences for cultural studies, especially those that strike a balance between general linguistics, linguistic semantics, anthropological linguistics, and philosophy of language. The organisation of research on cultural phenomena requires methodological planning enabling the minimum conditions of modern research methods to be met. These conditions are: (1) the definition of cognitive goals; (2) the determination of methods for the identification of variables (methodology); (3) research hypotheses formulated in affirmative (not interrogative or negative) sentences; (4) the existence of a relationship between the logical or analytical implications of variables and hypotheses; (5) the negation of hypotheses (counter-argumentation); (6) the substantiation of hypotheses. In this article I develop Danielewiczowa’s remarks on ways of using the term evolution, while also indicating the consequences of disregarding the conditions of correct reasoning within the framework of the research programme called anthropology of the word.
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Bulankina, Nadezhda, Коnstantin Umbrashko, Li Nan, and Sun Yumen. "Axiological component of professional readiness of a modern teacher to work in the aspect of the cross-border region." SHS Web of Conferences 70 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197002002.
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The article deals with some features of the value component of the teacher’s professional readiness to solve urgent problems of modern school in the aspect of new educational guidelines. The authors’ project explores the possibility of cultivating humanitarian practices to renovate the professional educational space of the Siberian cross-border region on the basis of training and retraining of foreign language teachers. The conclusion is based on the positive results of the introduction of culture-oriented practices of interactive interaction and mutual influence of linguists, allowing to create favorable conditions for cultural self-determination of students in a socio-cultural situation that requires understanding and respect for the cultural identity of others while preserving their own cultural identity by means of linguistic culture.
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Buerki, Andreas. "Furiously fast: On the speed of change in formulaic language." Yearbook of Phraseology 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2019-0003.
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Abstract Addressing a topic that has been marginal to discussions within historical linguistics, this study looks at how extent and speed of language change can be quantified meaningfully using corpus data. Looking specifically at formulaic language (understood here as word sequences that instantiate typical phrasings), a solidly data-based assessment of the speed of change within a 100-year time window is offered. This includes both a relative determination of speed (against the speed of change in lexis which is generally thought to be the fastest type of linguistic change, cf. Algeo 1980: 264; Trask and Millar 2010: 7) as well as a new independent measure of speed which is easy to interpret and therefore of high validity, while also robust and potentially applicable to any linguistic feature that can be counted in corpus data. Using data from a diachronic reference corpus of 20th century German, it is shown that change in formulaic language is very notably faster than lexical change, that the extent of change over a century is comparable in extent to contemporary inter-genre variation and that overall, the rate of change does fluctuate somewhat at the level of temporal granularity employed in this study. It is also argued that quantifying the speed of linguistic change can play an important role in building a deeper understanding of language change in general.
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A. Khuzina, Ekaterina, and Rezeda Yo. Mukhtarova. "Determination of Specifics of Semantics of Phraseological Units with a Gender Component in the English and Tatar Languages." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI 1 (November 29, 2018): 458–551. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.548.551.
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The gender field in linguistics the subject of which is the language-gender correlation as a social factor studies the concepts such as gender, femininity, masculinity. Gender is expressed in semantics and in grammar of the language, forming a linguistic world image, which, in turn, depends on the conceptual image. The gender view of the world is not biologically determined in different cultures and language communities, the concepts of femininity and masculinity are determined by cultural and historical factors, in particular, by language stereotypes. Gender metaphor also influences the formation of conceptual and linguistic view of the world. The gender metaphor is understood as the transfer not only of physical features but also of the totality of spiritual qualities and properties united by the nominations of femininity and masculinity to the objects that are not related to gender. In different language communities the referents of femininity and masculinity often do not coincide, which creates difficulties in intercultural communication and translation. Phraseological unit is a peculiar unit of language, complex and contradictory as language and culture. Phraseological units (PhU), like a sponge, absorb all the original in language. It is in them, where, alongside vocabulary and aphorism, the cumulative function of language is manifested first.
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Sushkova, Aigul R., and Albina A. Bilyalova. "DENOTATION OF DISCOURSE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 13, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-507-519.
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Background. Over the past thirty years, the concept of “discourse” has been closely integrated into many scientific disciplines, and therefore its determination is complicated. Researchers cannot come to a common opinion regarding this linguistic category. An overview of discourse in a diachronic perspective allows us to explore diverse approaches to its study and identify the most relevant definition of this linguistic term.
Purpose. In this paper, an attempt is made to interpret the term discourse by examining it in a diachronic aspect.
Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods (generalization, analysis) and a descriptive method.
Results. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical material, the authors summarize that there is no generally accepted interpretation of this linguistic category in the linguistic literature. The researchers agree and disagree in some ways, which is reflected in the inconsistency of their opinions. However, the review of scientific papers offered in this study makes it possible to get a summary view of linguists on this issue. Summarizing the data gained, the authors give their interpretation of the concept of “discourse”. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that a wide range of scientific applications of the term and the vector of scientific integration that is gaining popularity makes a significant contribution to the development of discourse theory as an interdisciplinary field of research.
Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied by researchers of scientific discourse, as well as in the preparation of textbooks on academic writing, the style of scientific text.
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Lavitski, Anton. "THE TERM SYSTEM OF MODERN JURIDICAL LINGUISTICS: A CATEGORY OF PREMEDITATION." Terminological Bulletin, no. 6 (2021): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2021-6-24.
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The need to form one’s own conceptual and categorical framework is an obligatory condition for the stable development of any research area of focus. The arrangement of the term system is 1) complex manifestations of indicators of accumulated scientific experience and applied research data, as well as 2) the most important tool for conducting cognitive and research activities. That is why this task is on the current agenda of modern juridical linguistics. Legal linguistics actively uses the definitions of both linguistic theory and its directions, and jurisprudence. However, a complete calquing of the meaning of terminological units does not allow solving problems associated, first of all, with the construction of expert procedures for analyzing a text for the presence of signs of delinquent speech behavior in its content. The article gives proof of the necessity of introducing the category of premeditation into the terminological thesaurus of jurisprudence. The significance of this concept is due to the following factor: intention is not only one of the forms of guilt, but also an identification feature of some crimes committed verbally. Expert determination of this feature of speech activity is impossible in the absence of a juristic terminological definition. The principle of trans-terminologization, which is the basis for the arrangement; of the formulization of the category of premeditation, implies the acquisition of previously unusual characteristics in a new scientific and research vocabulary. In the legal linguistic direction, these characteristics include the intensional dependence of speech activity, as well as the absence of markers for the expression of subjective opinion in the text, in other words, factolagy. On this basis, we understand premeditation as speech activity determined by intention and not subjectified by evaluative characteristics. The proposed terminological definition does not only enter into dissonance with the legal interpretation of premeditation, but also allows, using verified methods, to conduct a special linguistic study for the acquisition of appropriate signs in the text.
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Shuiskaya, Yuliya Viktorovna, Ol'ga Viktorovna Murzina, and Ernest Sergeevich Karpov. "Linguistic peculiarities of text component of the creolized Internet memes." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.12.37123.
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The object of this research is the text component of Internet meme as a signifier of special type. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of text captions to the images posted in the Russian-speaking and English-speaking segments of the Internet. The authors dwell on such aspects as the syntactic, theme-rhematic, and orthographic peculiarities of the text component of Internet memes. Special attention is given to the problem of intentional misspellings in text captions. In most cases, namely the text actualizes the image; the memes usually involve film stills, drawings, and photo images, and text captions turn these images into the relevant Internet memes. The main conclusions lies in determination of the peculiarities of the text part of creolized Internet memes on all linguistic levels. Due to the specificities of Internet memes, the texts usually represent short sentences. The syntactic structure of used phrases often resembles a marked construction, and in a number of instances with intentional misspellings. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of Internet memes from the perspective of linguistics. Although there are Russian and foreign research dedicated to semiotic and communicative components of the Internet memes, as well as their evolution and transformations, the analysis of linguistic component is carried out for the first time.
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Paolucci, Sandro. "Strategia estraniante e strategia addomesticante nella traduzione dei testi giuridici." Linguistica 53, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.53.2.73-89.
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Il traduttore, ogni volta, prima di intraprendere la traduzione di un testo da una lingua ad unʼaltra, da una cultura ad unʼaltra, è chiamato a dar vita a una macro-scelta ovvero a decidere se adottare una strategia tesa al mantenimento e al rispetto delle strutture linguistiche, del lessico, dello stile della lingua di partenza, oppure una strategia volta a commutare determinati aspetti morfosintattici, lessicali e stilistici per rendere così il testo di arrivo più vicino alla lingua e alla cultura di arrivo (cfr. Schleiermacher 1813). Nel presente contributo, dopo una breve illustrazione della problematica dellʼapproccio estraniante e dellʼapproccio addomesticante nella traduzione in generale (Schleiermacher, Venuti, Eco, Ožbot ed altri eminenti studiosi), si passa a individuare e valutare una possibile applicazione di tali strategie nella traduzione giuridica. In particolare, si tenta di distinguere determinati casi in cui, a nostro modo di vedere, sia preferibile, auspicabile o persino necessaria una traduzione principalmente estraniante e determinati altri casi in cui, invece, sia più opportuna o efficace una traduzione principalmente addomesticante.
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Kharchenko, Svetlana. "Orthographic Norm and Grammatical Homonymy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2019): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.19.
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The article deals with the relevant linguistic issue of correlation between word spelling and the distinction of units belonging to different grammatical classes. The concepts of word and part of speech are contrasted. The author has revealed the peculiarities of lexical units functioning in written speech, which enables their part-of-speech status identification. The analysis of criteria, suggested by the linguists for differentiation of homonymous adverbs, preposition-and-case-form combinations, and derivative prepositions resulted in proposing a procedure of consecutive operations, accomplished to identify the part-of-speech status of grammatically homonymous words. The results of the linguistic experiment show how in speech practice native speakers solve the problems of part of speech determination and establishing the spelling of such words. It was revealed that the methods for distinguishing grammatical homonyms used by recipients, in many cases, do not lead to the correct solution. The existing codified guidelines are not applied while writing, as spelling of the major part of grammatically homonymous words does not meet the requirements of the norm. To solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to adjust the content of spelling rules and change the spelling of a number of words, where traditional spelling principles are reflected.
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Vecsey, Zoltán. "Introduction: Linguistic and literary aspects of perspectivity." Semiotica 2015, no. 203 (January 1, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2014-0070.
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AbstractThe relationship between meaning and perspectivity has been recognized for a long time both in linguistics and in literary theory. It is well-known that the perspectival character of our sensory experiences constitutes an important factor in the determination of meaning. But the nature of the relationship between meaning and perspective is heavily contested. Perspectival phenomena are sometimes treated as isolated or local issues. In some cases, however, they are conceived of as playing a fundamental role in scientific theorizing. This introductory paper gives a short overview of the current trends and results from this ongoing research.
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Pardaev, Azamat Bakhronovich. "THE ROLE AND LINGUOPRAGMATICS OF FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF SPEECH OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE IN THE LINGUISTIC SYSTEM." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-05-22.
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Identify the role of function words in Uzbek language system, relation to content words, sources of enrichment and methods, historical and evolutionary development and determination of functional-stylistic and substantial-pragmatic features in speech. The aim of the papers is to define the status of the Uzbek language function words in the linguistic system, and to reveal their source and methods of enrichment, historical and evolutionary development, as well as functional-stylistic and substantial-pragmatic features.
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Savchuk, Tetiana. "THE RETROSPECTIVE OF THE PHONOSEMANTISM FORMATION AND PHONOSEMANTIC REALITIES IN ENGLISH." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 11(79) (September 29, 2021): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-11(79)-38-41.
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The scientific search for phonosemantic realities, carried out in modern promising areas of linguistic research, contributes to the determination of language cognitive capabilities. In the study of language, linguists actively use new principles, which require integration from different sciences to understand language carrier and diverse aspects of the human thinking process, to extensively analyse a wide range of language functions, and to profoundly explain linguistic phenomena. Phonosemantics is now a certain linguistic branch of psycholinguistics, which has gone through several stages of its formation. In practice, its foundation and principles have become the cornerstone of linguistic reasoned searches for the connection between sound and meaning in a multi-genre discourse. There are two approaches to the study of phonosemantism. Researchers' experiments confirm the existence of primary or elementary phonosemantism, showing the dependence of symbolic meaning on the acoustic-articulatory characteristics of sound. Secondary sound-symbolism arises as a result of the speaker's desire to reveal the correlation between the sonority of a word, develops in accordance with the phonetic laws of a particular language and its meaning. Both points of view need to be analyzed only in conjunction, since secondary, or contextually, phonosymbolism is possible due to the existence of the so-called primary, or elementary phonosymbolism. This phenomenon is due to the ability of the human brain to establish an associative relationship between sound and meaning, between objectivity and polymodality of human perception. Experiments have shown that the subject image is polymodal. The polymodal nature of object perception, in turn, presupposes the emergence of auditory images based on the action of only visual stimuli, and vice versa: visual images are born on the basis of auditory stimuli. The results of this study are well-argued evidence of the constancy of the associative meanings of the phonemes of the modern English language.
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Li, Ye, and Yisheng Liu. "Extended VIKOR-QUALIFLEX Method Based on Trapezoidal Fuzzy Two-Dimensional Linguistic Information for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making with Unknown Attribute Weight." Mathematics 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010037.
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Considering the advantages of trapezoid fuzzy two-dimensional linguistic variables (TrF2DLVs), which can not only accurately describe the qualitative evaluation but also use qualitative linguistic variables (LVs) to describe the confidence level of this evaluation in the second dimension, this paper proposes a novel method based on trapezoidal fuzzy two-dimensional linguistic information to solve multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems with unknown attribute weight. First, a combination weight model is constructed, which covers a subjective weight determination model based on the proposed trapezoidal fuzzy two-dimensional linguistic best-worst method (TrF2DL-BWM) and an objective weight determination model based on the proposed CRITIC method. Then, in order to accurately rank the alternatives, an extended VIKOR-QUALIFLEX method is proposed, which can measure the concordance index of each ranking combination by means of group utility and individual maximum regret value of each evaluation alternative. Finally, a practical problem of lean management assessment for industrial residential projects is solved by the proposed method, and the effectiveness and advantages of the method are demonstrated by comparative analysis and discussion.
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Xu, Yejun, and Huimin Wang. "Optimal Weight Determination and Consensus Formation under Fuzzy Linguistic Environment." Procedia Computer Science 17 (2013): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.062.
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Carnevale, Franco A., Bilkis Vissandjée, Amy Nyland, and Ariane Vinet-Bonin. "Ethical Considerations in Cross-Linguistic Nursing." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009343622.
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This article reviews empirical evidence and ethical norms in cross-linguistic nursing. Empirical evidence highlights that linguistic barriers between nurses and patients can perpetuate discrimination and compromise nursing care. There are significant organizational and relational challenges involved in ensuring adequate use of interpreters by nurses. Some evidence suggests that linguistic barriers are particularly problematic for nurses when compared with physicians. A comparative analysis of nursing ethical norms for cross-linguistic nursing was conducted using the codes of ethics of the American Nurses Association, the Canadian Nurses Association, and the International Council of Nurses. Five principal ethical norms for cross-linguistic nursing were identified: (1) respect for the patient as a unique person; (2) respect for the patient’s right to self-determination; (3) respect for patient privacy and confidentiality; (4) responsibility for one’s own competence, judgment, and action; and (5) responsibility to promote action better to meet the needs of patients, families, and groups.
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Percival, W. Keith. "Reflections on the history of dependency notions in linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.05per.
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Summary This paper outlines the history of dependency notions from Antiquity to the present century. Although the notion of syntactic dependency was unknown in Antiquity, the idea of semantic dependency was foreshadowed in early definitions of the minor parts of speech, i.e., parts of speech other than the noun and the verb. In part, this happened because logicians had originally posited only the two major parts of speech, and grammarians then formulated their definitions of the minor parts of speech in relation to those of the noun and the verb. The adverb, for instance, was defined as augmenting or diminishing the meaning of the verb. The first writer who used (if not coined) a special term to refer to the notion that some words specify or ‘determine’ the meanings of the subject noun and the verbal predicate was Boethius (ca. 500 A.D.), and in this way the notion of ‘determination’ was launched. As a result of the subsequent popularity of Boethius’s logical works, ‘determination’ was adopted and extensively utilized by Latin grammarians from the 12th century on. In the 13th century, it was complemented by the term ‘dependency’, which was the logical converse of ‘determination’. Grammarians claimed that a dependency relation exists between the members of all constructions. The vogue of ‘dependency’ declined even before the advent of Renaissance humanism, while ‘determination’ survived. In the early modern period, the terminological repertory expanded. Thus, in the 18th century, French grammarians coined the terms ‘modification’ (Buffier) and ‘complement’ (Du Marsais). The 20th century has been marked by a further increase of new terms. Inspired by Tesnière’s posthumous Elèments de syntaxe structurale (1959), some linguists have also proposed formalized dependency theories as alternatives to phrase-structure grammar.
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Terkulov, V. I. "THE STUDY OF URBANONYMY IN LINGUISTIC REGIONAL RESEARCHES." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.177-184.
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The work deals with determination of the place of urban naming researches in linguistic regional studies. The author substantiates the importance of the linguistic and cultural approach to the description of urbanonyms. The purpose of this description is a formation of urbanonymic mental maps of the city, where there are objects (oikodomonyms, necronyms, etc.), pathways (godonyms and dromonyms), boundaries (often associated with gydronyms), districts (local horonyms, drymonyms, etc.), nodes and landmarks (agoronyms). Important aspects of the description of city urbanonymicon are the etiology, the toponymic history, place in urban naming space, urbanonymic categorization of city toponyms.
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Cruciani, Marco, and Francesco Gagliardi. "Cognitive Theories of Concepts and Wittgenstein's Rule-Following." International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric 5, no. 1 (January 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvr.2021010102.
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In this article, the authors try to answer the following questions: How can an object/instance seen for the first time extend a category or update a concept? How is it possible to determine the reference of a concept that represents a behaviour? In the first case, the authors discuss the learning of inferential linguistic competence used to update a concept through an approach based on prototype theory. In the second case, the authors discuss the learning of referential linguistic competence used to determine the reference of a concept (i.e., determination of an actual behaviour) through an approach based on embodied cognition. The authors show how combining prototype-based and embodied categorization in Wittgenstein's rule-following praxis (the individual and community dimension), linguistic learning of a concept (inferential competence), and determination of its reference (referential competence) can be traced back to the same model.