Academic literature on the topic 'Determination of project costs'

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Journal articles on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Stoy, Christian, and Wolfdietrich Kalusche. "The determination of occupancy costs during early project phases." Construction Management and Economics 24, no. 9 (2006): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190600799307.

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Rosenbaum, Itzhak. "Determination Of Economic Limit For Non-EOR Projects In Alberta." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 06 (1985): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11920-pa.

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1.0 Introduction On September 1, 1981 the "Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of Alberta relating to Energy Pricing and Taxation" was signed. The Energy Agreement contains very complex oil and gas regulations. The purpose of this study is to provide an easy procedure by which Engineers and Corporate Planners could easily determine the economic limit for non-EOR projects in Alberta. The economic limit in this study is defined as the minimum average daily oil production rate needed to break-even on a Before and/or After Income Tax basis. The study utilize
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Kinsella, Steven M. "Activity-Based Costing: Does it Warrant Inclusion in a Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)?" Project Management Journal 33, no. 2 (2002): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697280203300207.

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Profit is a critical consideration in project selection. Using traditional cost-accounting techniques standardized during the Industrial Age, estimators and accountants determine project costs. Those techniques result in costs that are substantially different from costs calculated using activity-based costing (ABC). Knowledge of ABC principles is important for project managers because it offers an alternative costing methodology that allocates costs through a cause-and-effect relationship that is more appropriate for today's operating methods. This paper reviews cost determination methods incl
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Liu, Lanjun, Denghui Liu, Han Wu, and Junwu Wang. "Study on Foundation Pit Construction Cost Prediction Based on the Stacked Denoising Autoencoder." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8824388.

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To accurately predict the construction costs of foundation pit projects, a model based on the stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) is constructed in this work. The influencing factors of foundation pit project construction costs are identified from the four attributes of construction cost management, namely, engineering, the environment, the market, and management. Combined with Chinese national standards and the practice of foundation pit project management, a method of the quantization of the influencing factors is presented. 60 deep foundation pit projects in China are selected to obtain 13
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Bind, Vyacheslav, Andriy Gizhko, Oleg Bolebrukh, Nina Petrukha, Anatoliy Vakolyuk, and Maksym Malashkin. "FORMALIZATION AND GENERAL METHODICAL CONCEPT OF COST ENGINEERING IN THE SYSTEM OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 44 (November 30, 2020): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2020.44.116-127.

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The article proves that value engineering (Value engineering) is a set of methods and tools for managing the value of an investment project at all stages of its life cycle, determines the economic relations among the participants. It is determined that cost engineering includes: formation of the project budget (budget planning of the project, assessment of the efficiency of capital investments, investment assessment) estimated pricing; examination (verification of the accuracy of the determination) of the estimated cost of construction; formation of construction cost; cost control of the proje
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Kwon, Hyukchun, and Chang Wook Kang. "Improving Project Budget Estimation Accuracy and Precision by Analyzing Reserves for Both Identified and Unidentified Risks." Project Management Journal 50, no. 1 (2018): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972818810963.

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Project risk is a critical factor in estimating project budget. Previous studies on this topic have only addressed estimation methods that consider project budget reserves against identified risks. As a result, project managers still face the challenge of completing projects within given budgets but without the relevant tools to deal with unidentified risks. This study proposes an approach for estimating reserves for both identified and unidentified risks separately. The study also suggests using the three-point estimation technique and R-value determination for estimating risk costs, which ca
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Liu, Shijing, Hongyu Jin, Benzheng Xie, Chunlu Liu, and Anthony Mills. "CONCESSION PERIOD DETERMINATION FOR PPP RETIREMENT VILLAGE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 22, no. 5 (2018): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.5476.

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Demand for the construction of retirement villages is increasing with the worldwide growth in ageing populations. However, the development of retirement villages can be impeded by many factors, such as limited available land and high investment costs. Public–private partnership (PPP) as an alternative financing mechanism has been widely applied in the construction of public infrastructure projects and may provide new funding sources for building retirement villages. By applying PPP to the construction of retirement villages, the independent living requirements of seniors can be met and the fin
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Lipka, Anna, and Agnieszka Giszterowicz. "Increasing Project Effectiveness by Combining the FMEA Method Results and the Costs of Quality (Based on the Example of an Employee Relationship Management Project)." Journal of Intercultural Management 13, no. 1 (2021): 26–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2021-0002.

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Abstract Objective: This article presents a project focused on the stabilization of employment in a multi-generational organization in the scope of human resources –specifically, employee relationship management. Methodology: The type of project was evaluated by taking into account different typological criteria. The employee generations were defined by providing time ranges based on dates of birth. All important project stages were presented according to the newest PMI 2017 methodology, with particular attention to the selection of the model of the project team and the division of tasks withi
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BUDAGOV, A. S., and R. V. MOLCHANOVA. "EFFICIENCY OF THE INNOVATIVE PROJECT LLC «INSTITUTE STROYPROEKT»." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 6 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.06.02.006.

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An innovative project of LLC «Institute Stroyproekt» was chosen as the object of research. The program of construction and installation works, the average annual production capacity of a construction organization, the effectiveness of personnel policy and administrative and economic costs, indicators of proceeds from product sales are linked by the authors with the efficiency of the economic activity of the enterprise and prof-itability indicators. The analysis summarizes the payback of the innovative project and the payback step, as well as the project's net present value and the internal rat
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Konior, Jarosław, and Mariusz Szóstak. "Methodology of Planning the Course of the Cumulative Cost Curve in Construction Projects." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062347.

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Appropriate planning and effective monitoring of the execution of construction projects is important with regard to their successful sustainment of implementation. Time and cost are key elements that determine the success or failure of construction projects. The obtaining of a rational S-curve course before the start of a construction project that reflects reality is important for all the participants involved in implementing an investment task. The article proposes an original methodology for planning the course of the cumulative cost curve in construction projects. It uses a method of shapin
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Massa, Lars. "Project Cost Deviations : Determination of Causes and Correlations & Implications for Public Procurement." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37461.

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Looking at newspapers nowadays, you are likely to see reports about public projects which turn out to be more expensive than estimated, sometimes even fourteen times the planned cost budget as in the case of the Sydney Opera. In order to gain a new insight on how this problematic could be improved, this paper aims to find correlations between the causes of deviations in public procurement and in the private market. Data from a on a global scale operating firm has been analyzed and compared to causes found in prior research. The questions this paper aims to answer are “Are causes and correlatio
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Mynyk, John. "Information technology programming standards and annual project maintenance costs." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3578624.

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<p> Organizations that depend on the use of IT in their business models must maintain their systems and keep their systems current to survive (Filipek, 2008; Kulkarni, Kumar, Mookerjee, &amp; Sethi, 2009; Unterkalmsteiner et al., 2012). As most IT departments allocate as much as 80% of their budget to maintain stability while leaving only the other 20% to allow improvements (Telea et al., 2010), high cost of stability may be a reason many IT organizations cannot afford efficient staffing and even jeopardize the existence of the organization (Filipek, 2008; Talib, Abdullah, Atan, &amp; Murad, 2
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Asif, Mohammad. "Simple generic models for cost-significant estimating of construction project costs." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330103.

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Al-Khuzaim, Sulaiman Abdulrahman. "The feasibility of Saudization: Costs and benefits to Saudi Arabia." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2193.

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Following the discovery oil in Saudi Arabia, five year plans for economic development and modernization followed. Foreign workers were needed to provide skills required for the projects. Although most of the major projects have been completed, a high percentage of foreign workers continue to be employed in the kingdom.
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Kanik, Yusuf. "Software Project Scheduling, Software Project Performance Measurement And Control." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606362/index.pdf.

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This thesis is about software project scheduling and use of earned value method on software projects. As a result of the study, a solution for software project scheduling problems is proposed. A mathematical formulation, developed using integer programming method, is at the heart of the solution. Objective of the formulation is to minimize the development costs consisting of direct labor cost, indirect costs and probable penalty costs. The formulation takes the capability and compatibility variances among resources into account whereas contemporary approaches mostly focus on resource availabi
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Bush, David B., and William Edwin Martin. "Potential Costs and Benefits to Arizona Agriculture of the Central Arizona Project." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310777.

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Kahraman, Serhan. "Determination Of A Price Index For Escalation Of Building Construction Costs In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606388/index.pdf.

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Construction cost indices are developed to measure the degree of price variations in construction material and labor costs. However, each specific type of construction is a combination of unique set of materials and labor. As such, the degree of price variations referring to each specific type of construction shall be measured by specific price indices, in order to achieve more accurate results. In Turkey, Producer Price Index (PPI) published by State Statistics Institute is commonly used for the escalation of building costs. This study aims to compare the existing cost indices as well as new
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Dilworth, Joyce Carroll. "The relationship of nutritional status to unreimbursable costs and length of hospital stay." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/721.

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Paradela, Dominguez Aguilar Astridh. "Minimizing Transaction Costs in Project-Based Organizations: A case study on suppliers’ engagements in delivery projects in the Swedish Construction Industry." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-31712.

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<p>In this changing world, companies have had to learn how to formulate and implement their strategies through projects and organizational structures in order to successfully face threats and opportunities. However, the management of multiple projects is not easy and due to this complexity, a new type of organization has emerged, called Multiproject organization. Depending to its characteristics, this new organization can be classified in project oriented (POO) or project based (PBO) (Arvidsson, 2009).</p><p>Before to execute a project, the organization needs to evaluate its resources and deci
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Sinha, Saurabh. "Implications of agricultural commercialisation for land and labour institutions on the Rajasthan Canal Project." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285368.

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Books on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Orr, John L. Research to support the determination of spacecraft maximum acceptable concentrations of potential atmospheric contaminants: Final report, Southwest Research Institute Project 12-5326. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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O'Brien, John. Focus on Vermont's self-determination project. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 1998.

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O'Brien, John. Focus on Vermont's self-determination project. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 1998.

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K, Dixon. Cost determination and cost recovery pricing in nonbusiness situations: The case of university research projects. Dept. of Accountancy, Massey University, 1989.

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Wirth, Andrew. New-issue costs and project evaluation. University of Melbourne, 1985.

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Broadbent, Simon. The advertiser's handbook for budget determination. Lexington Books, 1988.

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Associates, Cambridge Energy Research. CERA capital costs analysis forum: Project description. CERA, 2006.

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General, Utah Legislature Office of the Legislative Auditor. A performance audit of UDOT project costs. Office of the Legislative Auditor General, State of Utah, 2007.

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Broadbent, Simon. The advertiser's handbook for budget determination. Lexington Books, 1988.

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Spain, Bryan J. D. Spon's estimating costs guide to electrical works: Project costs at a glance. Spon Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Niemeier, Wolfgang W., Julio Roldan, Luis Aguilar, et al. "The Project Corbas — Determination of Recent Crustal Movements in Costa Rica." In Recent Geodetic and Gravimetric Research in Latin America. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88055-1_12.

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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Capital Costs." In Desalination Project Cost Estimating and Management. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351242738-4.

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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Project Implementation and Costs." In Desalination Project Cost Estimating and Management. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351242738-7.

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Hax, Arnoldo C., and Dean L. Wilde. "The Best Product:Winning through Costs and Features." In The Delta Project. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230288089_4.

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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Operation and Maintenance Costs." In Desalination Project Cost Estimating and Management. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351242738-5.

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Kasser, Joseph Eli. "Successfully Adjusting Project Schedules and Costs." In Systemic and Systematic Project Management. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429021282-9.

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Bouabaz, M., M. Belachia, M. Mordjaoui, and B. Boudjema. "Forecasting Project Costs by Using Fuzzy Logic." In Nonlinear and Complex Dynamics. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0231-2_19.

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Hillebrandt, Patricia M. "Price Determination for a Single Project." In Economic Theory and the Construction Industry. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230372481_14.

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Hillebrandt, Patricia M. "Price Determination for a Single Project." In Economic Theory and the Construction Industry. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17934-3_13.

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Ognjenović, Gorana, and Jasna Jozelić. "The Turbo Social Project—Conclusion." In Titoism, Self-Determination, Nationalism, Cultural Memory. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59747-2_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Mahmood, Shahid, and Nadeem Ishaque Kureshi. "Reducing hidden internal failure costs in road infrastructure projects by determination of Cost of Poor Quality, a case study." In 2014 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice.2014.6871608.

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Veit-Egerer, Robert, Monika Widmann, Günther Achs, et al. "Einstein - Risk-Based Decision Model for the Determination of Optimized Maintenance Intervention Schedules for Infrastructure." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.122.

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The aim of the research project EINSTEIN was the development of a technology prototype for the optimization of maintenance strategies for traffic infrastructure based on risk management principles. In addition to the current condition based structural maintenance planning it was aspired to broaden mid-term budget forecasting for existing infrastructure based on the developed risk models in order to evaluate the impact of different maintenance strategies and methodological approaches in terms of direct and indirect Life Cycle Costs. Subsequently the results of this analysis are used to determin
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KAYA, Yalcin, Caglar COLAK, Veli PEKCAN, Mehmet Ibrahim YILMAZ, and Goksel EVCI. "THE DETERMINATION OF OLEIC ACID CONTENTS IN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.060.

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High oleic sunflower is new trend both in Turkey and also in the world due to that it present healthy vegetable oil and also higher standing ability for frying. Higher oleic acid also affects from environment especially nigh temperatures during the grain filling period but genetic contribution is also important. High oleic acid content comes from Pervenent mutation in sunflower and it controlling Ol genes. However, because of being a seed trait which is determining after harvest, it is so difficult and unnecessary works (waiting even low oleic ones until seed treshing, etc) to select high olei
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Zhao, Wei, and Shenjun Xu. "Mathematical Modeling for Contingency Determination for Nuclear Power Plant Construction Projects." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31254.

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This paper uses the China AP1000 project as an example to exhibit the application of quantitative risk management in nuclear power plant construction projects. For those lump sum contracts, one of the most significant purposes of quantitative risk management is to determine the contingency, i.e. the reserved money and time for projects. This paper studies the application of Monte Carlo simulation in determining the contingency, taking into account the distinctive features of nuclear power projects. Most nuclear power projects, especially advanced ones such as Generation III and above, meet one
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Zaima, Naoki, Yasuyuki Morimoto, Noritake Sugitsue, and Kazumi Kado. "Uranium Refining and Conversion Plant Decommissioning Project." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40068.

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The uranium refining and conversion plant (URCP) at Ningyo-toge was constructed in 1981 for the purpose of demonstrating on refining and conversion process from yellow cake (or uranium trioxide) to uranium hexafluoride by way of uranium tetrafluoride. For 20 years, 385 tons of natural uranium hexafluoride and 336 tons of reprocessed uranium hexafluoride (approximately) was produced. There are two different type of refining processes in the URCP. One is the wet process by convertig the natural uranium and the other is the dry conversion process for the reprocessed uranium. The dismantling of th
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Rox, Nicolas. "Improving the Early Steel Design Process by Integrating Strength Calculation and Rule Checking Capabilities in a Ship Design Tool." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24139.

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A well-founded determination of steel structure scantlings is essential during the early design process of a ship or an ocean structure. In the first 4 up to 6 weeks of a new building project, the major part of the final building costs has to be fixed. Amongst others a proper steel weight estimation is crucial. The weight depends on the structural dimensions which are determined mostly by experience and rarely by direct calculations. Therefore, a simple direct strength calculation tool has been integrated in a ship design software. The tool uses structural and general ship design information.
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D. da Silva, Roney, Heloise Assis Fazzolari, and Diego Paolo Ferruzzo Correa. "Design And Implementation Of A Real Time Attitude Estimation System With Low Cost Sensors." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1155.

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Getting the attitude of drones, underwater vehicles or other six degree of freedom (DoF) devices is one of the most challenging tasks in the project of navigation control systems. For this reason, many projects use proprietary software or are limited to simulations. This work presents a complete system for attitude determination capable of provide estimated attitude and calibrated measurements using MEMS, with a low-cost and low-power microcontroller. The accelerometer and magnetometer are calibrated online on the embedded system using least squares method without any external devices. The sta
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Lidar, Per, Niklas Bergh, Arne Larsson, and Gunnar Hedin. "Waste Management Strategy for Cost Effective and Environmentally Friendly NPP Decommissioning." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96006.

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Decommissioning of nuclear power plants generates large volumes of radioactive or potentially radioactive waste. The proper management of the dismantling waste plays an important role for the time needed for the dismantling phase and thus is critical to the decommissioning cost. An efficient and thorough process for inventorying, characterization and categorization of the waste provides a sound basis for the planning process. As part of comprehensive decommissioning studies for Nordic NPPs, Westinghouse has developed the decommissioning inventories that have been used for estimations of the du
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Dennis, Brian H., Ashkan Akbariyeh, John Michopoulos, Foteini Komninelli, and Athanasios Iliopoulos. "Inverse Determination of Moving Heat Flux Distributions Using Reduced Order Models." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35274.

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Optimization-based solutions to inverse problems involve the coupling of an analysis model, such as a finite element model, with a numerical optimization method. The goal is to determine a set of parameters that minimize an objective function that is determined by solving the analysis model. In this paper, we present an approach that dramatically reduces the computational cost for solving this inverse problems in this way by replacing the original full order finite element model (FOM) with a reduced order model (ROM) that is both accurate and quick to compute. The reduced order model is constr
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Wilson, Willard. "Waste Combustor Ash Utilization." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2301.

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The incorporation of municipal solid waste combustor (MWC) ash into bituminous pavements has been investigated in the United States since the middle 1970s. Thus far, most, if not all of these projects, have attempted to answer the questions: Is it safe? Is it feasible? Or does it provide an acceptable product? Polk County Solid Waste located in Northwest Minnesota has now completed three Demonstration Research Projects (DRP) utilizing ash from its municipal solid waste combustor as a partial replacement of aggregate in asphalt road paving projects. The results of these projects show no negativ
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Reports on the topic "Determination of project costs"

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Crouch, Rebecca, Jared Smith, Bobbi Stromer, et al. Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41480.

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No standard method exists for determining levels of insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices. This project resulted in new methods of extraction, analytical separation and quantitation of 17 legacy and 7 IM compounds, daughter products of IM, and other munition compounds absent from USEPA Method 8330B. Extraction methods were developed for aqueous (direct-injection and solid-phase extraction [SPE]), soil, sediment, and tissue samples using laboratory-spiked samples. Aqueous methods were tested on 5 water sources, with 23 of 24 compounds recovered within DoD QSM Ver5.2 limi
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Wiser, R., and E. Kahn. Alternative windpower ownership structures: Financing terms and project costs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/272563.

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Milloway, J. D. Y-12 ARRA Project Listed Waste Determination Old Salvage Yard Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/980760.

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Feldman, David, Paul Schwabe, and Mark Bolinger. Current and Future Costs of Renewable Energy Project Finance Across Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660124.

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Gunn-Golkin, Anna, Andrew Martin, Eric Bippert, Summer Leim, Scott Fann, and Andrew Murphy. T-38C Optimal Landing Technique Determination (Project Talon Spot). Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada536258.

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Baker, E., T. Viars, W. S. McAfee, and I. A. Balton. Operation Hardtack. Project 6.5. Radar Determination of Fireball Phenomena. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada995347.

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Sill, A. E., S. Warren, J. D. Dillinger, and B. K. Cloer. The role of technology in reducing health care costs. Final project report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/525003.

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Weingarten, Joseph L. A Determination of Military and Civilian Personnel Costs as Related to a Member of Technical Staff. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255941.

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Feldman, David J., Robert M. Margolis, and Rebecca Jones-Albertus. Impact of Research and Development, Analysis, and Standardization on PV Project Financing Costs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1432188.

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Lantz, Eric. Historical Trends in Wind Energy Operations Costs and Project Availability: September 2012 - July 2013. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1465937.

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