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Journal articles on the topic 'Determining center of gravity'
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1
Buyanov, E. V. "A method and device for determining a center of gravity." Measurement Techniques 35, no. 8 (August 1992): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00977432.
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Kyselov, Yurii, Mykhailo Shemiakin, Petro Borovyk, Serhii Kononenko, and Marharyta Melnyk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.042.
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Aim. The aim of the proposed research is to substantiate the scientific and practical significance of calculating centers of states and regions territories , to conduct a historical review of centrographic research in Ukraine and in the world in the context of evolution of their methodology, to establish geodetic coordinates of the set of points lying on the line of the land state border and coastlines along the seas, and to determine the center of dead weight of the territory of Ukraine as the center of gravity of the broken polygon formed by state territory contours (geodesic center of Ukraine). Methods. In calculating the geodesic center of Ukraine, the authors used a method (in their own interpretation) of determining the center of gravity of the territory, proposed by Jean-Georges Affholder and tested by him in establishing the center of Europe. Results. The history of centrographic research is more than 250 years old, but only in the last-half century they have acquired a proper scientific character, becoming a solid geodesic base. The main milestones in the formation of the centrographic dimension in context of determining the centers of a number of leading world countries and the evolution of research methods are presented. It is established that it is necessary to distinguish the geometric, geographical and geodesic centers of territories, which differ in method of definition and level of accuracy stipulated by calculations requirements. Each of the recognized centers of the territory of Ukraine has its own significance and justification. Scientific novelty. A historical review of definition of the territories centers in the world and in Ukraine has been made. A method of calculating the center of territory gravity of Ukraine as the center of a broken landfill formed by its contours, including the land state border and coastline, is proposed. The concept of "geodesic center" has been introduced to denote the center of territory gravity, which describes a polygonal, including irregular, figure. The location and exact coordinates of the geodesic center of Ukraine, located in the Novoukrayinsky district of Kirovohrad region, has been established. Practical significance . Specifying the location of territories centers is important in terms of optimizing location of manufacturing facilities and infrastructure, as well as potential tourism facilities. The methods used in calculating territories centers of Ukraine can be used not only in conducting similar studies for administrative regions, but also in newly created districts, united territorial communities, etc.
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Kim, YuYong, JaeSeung Noh, SeungYeop Shin, ByoungIn Kim, and SunJung Hong. "Improved Method for Determining the Height of Center of Gravity of Agricultural Tractors." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2016.41.3.170.
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Blinov, I. A. "Method for determining the spatial position of the center of gravity of machines." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2019-2-71-82.
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Having analyzed traditional methods for determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of machines, we developed a three-coordinate method using the simplest and most affordable means of hanging products with a crane beam. The method differs from analogues in the minimum number of weighings when there are no force-measuring means as a component of the measuring circuit. We introduce a mathematical model, which is the core of the method, and a computer model which minimizes the complexity of mathematical processing of measurement results
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Irwanto, Bayu, and Sawarni Hasibuan. "DETERMINATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION USING CENTER OF GRAVITY METHOD: CASE STUDY AT PT JKT." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 10, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.v10.3.2018.003.
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Distribution center has an important role in an industry's supply chain management to facilitate logistics management requirements so that the product distribution process becomes smooth and fast. The purpose of this study is to determine the best location that can be used in determining the location of the distribution cente in pharmaceutical industry. This research uses the center of gravity method to calculate optimal location that will be considered. From the results of this study, the calculation using the Center of Gravity method found that the location of the selected distribution center was at the coordinates (-6.257108; 106.7315), the settlement area of the village of Jurangmangu Timur. The available area according to warehousing rules does not allow the construction of the distribution center in residential area of Jurangmangu Bintaro village, empty area is available around 4 KM west of T8 Pakulonan Alam Tangerang Selatan, this area provides warehousing by offering a combined trading center, office and integrated food and beverage plaza with shelter have advantages as distribution center. The new proposed distribution center location is located 14 KM south and 13 KM from the north of the available warehouse, the new suggested location is closer to and located between current distribution locations.
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Snippe, Herman P. "Parameter Extraction from Population Codes: A Critical Assessment." Neural Computation 8, no. 3 (April 1996): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.3.511.
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In perceptual systems, a stimulus parameter can be extracted by determining the center-of-gravity of the response profile of a population of neural sensors. Likewise at the motor end of a neural system, center-of-gravity decoding, also known as vector decoding, generates a movement direction from the neural activation profile. We evaluate these schemes from a statistical perspective, by comparing their statistical variance with the minimum variance possible for an unbiased parameter extraction from the noisy neuronal ensemble activation profile. Center-of-gravity decoding can be statistically optimal. This is the case for regular arrays of sensors with gaussian tuning profiles that have an output described by Poisson statistics, and for arrays of sensors with a sinusoidal tuning profile for the (angular) parameter estimated. However, there are also many cases in which center-of-gravity decoding is highly inefficient. This includes the important case where sensor positions are very irregular. Finally, we study the robustness of center-of-gravity decoding against response nonlinearities at different stages of an information processing hierarchy. We conclude that, in neural systems, instead of representing a parameter explicitly, it is safer to leave the parameter coded implicitly in a neuronal ensemble activation profile.
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Wang, Meibao, Xiaolin Zhang, Wenyan Tang, and Jun Wang. "A Structure for Accurately Determining the Mass and Center of Gravity of Rigid Bodies." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122532.
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Measuring the mass and Center of Gravity (CG) of rigid bodies with a multi-point weighing method is widely used nowadays. Traditional methods usually include two parts with a certain location, i.e., a fixed platform and a mobile platform. In this paper, a novel structure is proposed to adjust the mobile platform for eliminating side forces which may load on the load cells. In addition, closed-form equations are formulated to evaluate the performance of the structure, and transformation matrices are used to estimate the characteristics of the structure. Simulation results demonstrate that repeatability of the proposed structure is higher than the traditional one and there are no side forces. Moreover, the measurement results show that the relative error of mass was within 0.05%, and the error of CG was within ±0.3 mm. The structure presented in this paper provides a foundation for practical applications.
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Gladilin, Valeriy, Vadim Belenok, Liliia Hebryn-Baidy, and Natali Chookarina. "STRUCTURAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING DEFORMATIONS BY GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS." Geodesy and cartography 45, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.6692.
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Industrial equipment is a dynamic system that deforms during installation (assembly) and during operation. Under the influence of variable load and mixing of the center of gravity of the equipment and foundations on which it is installed, uneven horizontal and vertical displacements occur, therefore individual equipment elements are unevenly deformed, which can lead to poor performance or stoppage of this equipment. Timely measurement of the displacement of certain points of equipment (deformations) of precision equipment with the help of geodetic and other methods and their correct use for correcting the geometry of the equipment will contribute to improving the operational properties and increasing the period of uninterrupted operation of equipment’s, for example, precision conveyor lines for assembling cars.
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Ding, Wang Ping, and Peng Jun Zheng. "Allocation of Professional Oil Recovery Ships Based on the Center of Gravity Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2357.
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Professional oil recovery ships are large oil response equipment which can be shared by several terminal owners in a region in order to save money and energy. The locations where the professional oil recovery ships be placed are directly related to the time they arrive at the oil spill accident spots. This paper aims at finding appropriate locations for professional oil recovery ships to minimize time of reaching the destination by considering the oil spill risk of the terminals and the channels. The center of gravity method is used in this paper when determining the locations of the professional oil recovery ships.
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Wieczorek, Bartosz, Jan Górecki, Mateusz Kukla, and Dominik Wojtokowiak. "The Analytical Method of Determining the Center of Gravity of a Person Propelling a Manual Wheelchair." Procedia Engineering 177 (2017): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.237.
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Bomba, Ignacy. "Load distribution plan for a 2-axle freight wagon." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.180.
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This article presents a procedure for determining load distribution plan of the wagon. It was made model wagon and on the basis determined equations describing the dependence of the weight load on the position of its center of gravity. The correctness of the model and equations were verified for selected wagon, the results confirmed the accuracy of the proposed procedure.
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Lin, Cheng, Xinle Gong, Rui Xiong, and Xingqun Cheng. "A novel H ∞ and EKF joint estimation method for determining the center of gravity position of electric vehicles." Applied Energy 194 (May 2017): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.040.
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Starasotnikau, N. A., and R. V. Feodortsau. "ACCURACY COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETERMINATION OF IMAGE CENTER COORDINATES IN OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES." Science & Technique 17, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-1-79-86.
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Accuracy in determination of coordinates for image having simple shapes is considered as one of important and significant parameters in metrological optoelectronic systems such as autocollimators, stellar sensors, Shack-Hartmann sensors, schemes for geometric calibration of digital cameras for aerial and space imagery, various tracking systems. The paper describes a mathematical model for a measuring stand based on a collimator which projects a test-object onto a photodetector of an optoelectronic device. The mathematical model takes into account characteristic noises for photodetectors: a shot noise of the desired signal (photon) and a shot noise of a dark signal, readout and spatial heterogeneity of CCD (charge-coupled device) matrix elements. In order to reduce noise effect it is proposed to apply the Wiener filter for smoothing an image and its unambiguous identification and also enter a threshold according to brightness level. The paper contains a comparison of two algorithms for determination of coordinates in accordance with energy gravity center and contour. Sobel, Pruitt, Roberts, Laplacian Gaussian, Canni detectors have been used for determination of the test-object contour. The essence of the algorithm for determination of coordinates lies in search for an image contour in the form of a circle with its subsequent approximation and determination of the image center. An error calculation has been made while determining coordinates of a gravity center for test-objects of various diameters: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 pixels of a photodetector and also signalto-noise ratio values: 200, 100, 70, 20, 10. Signal-to-noise ratio has been calculated as a difference between maximum image intensity of the test-object and the background which is divided by mean-square deviation of the background. The accuracy for determination of coordinates has been improved by 0.5-1 order in case when there was an increase in a signal-to-noise ratio. Accuracy improvement due to increase of a diameter in a test-object is typical for large signal-to-noise ratios: 70 or more. The conducted investigations have made it possible to establish that the algorithm for determination of coordinates of the energy gravity center is more accurate in comparison with contour methods and requires less computing power (for the MatLab software package), which is related to discreteness while determining a contour.
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Iqbal (Universitas Widyatama), Muhammad Rafi, Ismail Hasan (Universitas Widyatama), and Aldri Satria Gusmon (Universitas Widyatama). "PENENTUAN LETAK GUDANG UNTUK MEMINIMKAN BIAYA TRANSPORTASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN CENTER OF GRAVITY." Jurnal Manajemen Industri dan Logistik 4, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v4i1.430.
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Abstract To meet the rapid demand for pharmaceutical drugs, a new warehouse is needed to distribute to various cities in West Java. This research at PT. Kimia Farma has the aim of determining the location of a new warehouse that is efficient and effective in minimizing the transportation costs of PT. Kimia Farma Plant Bandung to the location of distribution in West Java. The current conditions with warehouses in the city of Bandung prove that transportation costs at the company are very large, due to the distance from the old warehouse to the distributors. In this study, the Center of Gravity method is used to determine the location of the warehouse. The design of this research is a case study in the area of West Java with data collection methods such as interviews and using CorelDraw software to create a Cartesian diagram. The calculation results obtained using the center of gravity method for the location of the new warehouse located in Subang with coordinate points (18.36). With the new warehouse location, it can minimize transportation costs as much as Rp. 481,192 with a percentage reduction of 6.76% and the distance from the initial warehouse in Bandung to Subang and then to all distribution destinations, which is 43 km closer after the addition of new warehouses. and has a decreased percentage of 6.91%. Abstrak Untuk memenuhi permintaan obat-obatan farmasi yang cepat, maka dibutuhkan letak gudang baru untuk mendistribusikan ke berbagai kota di Jawa Barat. Penelitian pada PT.Kimia Farma ini memiliki tujuan menentukan letak gudang baru yang efisien serta efektif dalam meminimkan biaya transportasi PT.Kimia Farma Plant Bandung ke letak distribusi di Jawa Barat. Kondisi saat ini dengan gudang di Kota Bandung membuktikan pengeluaran biaya transportasi pada perusahaan sangatlah besar, dikarenakan adanya jarak tempuh yang jauh dari gudang lama menuju para distributor. Dalam penelitian, digunakan metode center of gravity dalam mentukan letak gudang. Desain penelitian ini berupa studi kasus wilayah jawa barat dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara serta menggunakan software CorelDraw untuk membuat diagram kartesius. Hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh menggunakan metode center of gravity untuk letak gudang baru berletak di Subang dengan titik koordinat (18,36). Dengan adanya letak gudang yang baru maka, dapat meminimkan biaya transportasi sebesar Rp.481.192 dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 6,76% dan jarak tempuh dari gudang awal di Bandung menuju Subang lalu menuju semua tujuan distribusinya yakni sebesar 43 km lebih dekat setelah adanya penambahan gudang baru dan memiliki presentase penurunan sebesar 6,91%.
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Modenini, Dario, Giacomo Curzi, and Paolo Tortora. "Experimental Verification of a Simple Method for Accurate Center of Gravity Determination of Small Satellite Platforms." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3582508.
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We propose a simple and relatively inexpensive method for determining the center of gravity (CoG) of a small spacecraft. This method, which can be ascribed to the class of suspension techniques, is based on dual-axis inclinometer readings. By performing two consecutive suspensions from two different points, the CoG is determined, ideally, as the intersection between two lines which are uniquely defined by the respective rotations. We performed an experimental campaign to verify the method and assess its accuracy. Thanks to a quantitative error budget, we obtained an error distribution with simulations, which we verified through experimental tests. The retrieved experimental error distribution agrees well with the results predicted through simulations, which in turn lead to a CoG error norm smaller than 2 mm with 95% confidence level.
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DeGaspari, John. "Out of Harm’s Way." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-dec-3.
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GageTek LLC in Rancho Cordova, CA, is working on a load cell to make the air bag safer for the passenger at risk. The company has designed a system consisting of torsion-sensing load cells that calculate the weight as well as the position of the passenger. A load cell, shown on a motorized seat with side air bag in the article, measures the weight and position of front-seat car passengers to help minimize the risk of air bag-related injuries. The load cells are placed at each corner of the seat. The position of the occupant is calculated by determining the passenger’s center of mass. Position sensing is accurate to several centimetres. GageTek ‘s load cell, which it calls a torsional sensing load cell (TSLC), is a U-shaped piece of metal that acts like a spring. The load cell works the way a spring does, by converting linear force to a torsional force, or twisting, at the other end. The TSLCs are placed at each corner of the seat. Calculation of the center of gravity, or position of the occupant, is done by determining the seat occupant’s center of mass.
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Yan, Meijun, Yan Zhang, Geoffrey A. Bocobo, Qihang Su, Kai Zhu, Qiang Zhang, and Jun Tan. "A novel tissue separation method for determining upper trunk center of gravity in patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis using MIMICS." Clinical Biomechanics 71 (January 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.11.002.
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Soesilo (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Mutu Muhammadiyah), Rahman, Yahdi Firmansyah (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Mutu Muhammadiyah), and Sartono (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Mutu Muhammadiyah). "PENENTUAN LOKASI EXTERNAL WAREHOUSE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CENTER OF GRAVITY (STUDI KASUS DI PT. RPZ SURABAYA)." Jurnal Manajemen Industri dan Logistik 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v4i1.372.
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AbstractDetermination of the External Warehouse location has a vital role in the Supply Chain Management system to facilitate the delivery process to consumers who can run smoothly, quickly, and the most optimum distance. The company needs to build a new external warehouse because the current warehouse will be used for new machine installations. Therefore, it was decided to create an alternative external warehouse outside the factory. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum location of the external warehouse to be made. This study uses the Center of Gravity method to calculate the optimal area that will be considered by the location between the distribution of consumer locations and the number of shipments and also consider the size of the factory that will supply the product. Based on the results of this study, calculations using the Center of Gravity method found that the location of the external warehouse chosen was at (-7.328293, 112.7420916), the settlement area of Jemur Wonosari, Wonocolo, Surabaya City, East Java. By determining the exact location of the external warehouse, the company will benefit from the efficiency of transportation costs.AbstrakPenentuan lokasi gudang eksternal memiliki peran penting dalam sistem Manajemen Rantai Pasokan untuk memfasilitasi proses pengiriman kepada konsumen sehingga proses produk dapat terkirim dengan lancar, cepat dan jarak yang paling optimal. Perusahaan saat ini membutuhkan gudang eksternal karena area gudang yang ada akan digunakan untuk instalasi mesin baru. Oleh karena itu, diputuskan untuk membuat alternatif gudang eksternal di luar pabrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan lokasi gudang eksternal yang paling optimal untuk dibuat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Center of Gravity untuk menghitung lokasi optimal yang sesuai dengan lokasi antara lokasi konsumen dan jumlah pengiriman dan juga mempertimbangkan lokasi pabrik yang akan memasok produk. Dari hasil penelitian ini, perhitungan menggunakan metode Center of Gravity menemukan bahwa lokasi gudang eksternal yang dipilih berada di (-7.328293, 112.7420916), yaitu daerah Jemur Wonosari, Wonocolo, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Dengan menentukan lokasi yang tepat dari gudang eksternal, perusahaan akan mendapat manfaat dari efisiensi biaya transportasi.
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Abdelrahman, El-Sayed, Mohamed Gobashy, Eid Abo-Ezz, and Tarek El-Araby. "A new method for complete quantitative interpretation of gravity data due to dipping faults." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2019-0007.
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Abstract We have developed a simple method to determine completely the model parameters of a buried dipping fault from gravity data (depths to the centers of the upper and lower portions of the faulted thin slab, dip angle, and amplitude coefficient). The method is based on defining the anomaly values at the origin and at four symmetrical points around the origin on the gravity anomaly profile. By defining these five pieces of information, the dip angle is determined for each value of the depth of the lower portion of the faulted thin slab by solving iteratively one nonlinear equation of the form f(α)= 0. The computed dip angles are plotted against the values of the depth representing a continuous depth-dip curve. The solution for the depth to the lower portion of the faulted thin slab (down-thrown block) and the dip angle of the buried fault is read at the common intersection of the depth-dip curves. Knowing the depth to the center of the lower portion of the faulted layer and the dip angle, the problem of determining the depth to the center of the upper portion of the faulted slab (up-thrown block) is transformed into the problem of solving iteratively a nonlinear least-squares equation, f(z) = 0. Because the depths and the dip angle are known, the amplitude coefficient, which depends on the thickness and density contrast of the thin slab, is determined using a linear least-squares equation. The method is applied to theoretical data with and without random errors. The validity of the method is tested on real gravity data from Egypt. In all cases examined, the model parameters obtained are in good agreement with the actual ones and with those given in the published literature.
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Nur, Azmi Faiz, and Idah Nuraini. "ANALISIS POTENSI EKONOMI SEKTORAL PADA EMPAT KABUPATEN DI PULAU MADURA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v9i1.3644.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the pattern of the economy, the advanced sector/subsector on each district, and determining the growth center on the Madura Island. The analysis tools that are used in this research are Typology Klassen, Location Quotient (LQ), and analysis of gravity. The research concluded there are four (4) patterns of economic growth on four districts in the Madura Island. An area that "fast advance and grow" is Bangkalan, “the advanced but depressed" is Sumenep, the "growing fast" is Pamekasan, and the "relatively low" is district Sampang
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Teranishi, Toshio, Hiroaki Sakurai, Kei Ohtsuka, Masayuki Yamada, Akira Tsuzuki, Hiroyuki Miyasaka, Genichi Tanino, Orand Abbas, and Izumi Kondo. "Relationship between Feet Position and Anterior-posterior Center of Pressure (COP) location ^|^ndash;What are the Determining Factors in the Adjustment of Center of Gravity?^|^ndash;." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 25, no. 1 (2013): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.41.
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Zulfikar, Iwan. "Analysis of Creation Central Agropolitan Through Aglomerative Region Planning in Lampung Province." International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v2i2.53.
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Rural areas in Indonesia generally have the potential for agriculture but there is little industrial sector orientation, especially in the agricultural product processing sector. For this reason, it is necessary to integrate the sectoral and regional planning through the formulation of a development strategy by considering several basic conditions (local potential) so that each stage of development will be clear. Therefore it is necessary to formulate, whether in Lampung Province in the Regency can form a small city by determining the region of the agglomerative hierarchy through the region and the base sector to support the regency agropolitan center. Analyzing is done by using the gravity area method to see regional strength (the strongest regency/city) with an indication of the population, GRDP and also the distance between regencies/cities in Lampung Province. Then to see the strength of the base sector will be done by the LQ method and Input-Output with the expectation of the model used (gravity analysis) that the Agropolitan center can be determined while the LQ and Input-Output models will determine the strength of the "Agro" base sector so that the Regional and Sectoral analysis will the acceleration of regional agglomeration in Lampung Province is seen.
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Fu, Li, Tao Cheng, and Yuan Dong Zhou. "Practical Technologies Research of Line Structured Light Three-Dimensional Profile Measurement at Low-Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.665.
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In this paper, a new method for determining the integrity of the image element of the target was proposed based on the self-made low-cost line structured light three-dimensional measurement platform, and BP neural network was used to complete the calibration of line structured light camera system. At the same time, Gaussian model for the four direction were constructed , which speeds up the extraction speed for the laser stripe center based on the gray gravity method of skeleton, and the point cloud data is deal with the refinement, noise removing, smoothing and three-dimensional reconstruction, which complete the task of product three-dimensional contour detection.
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Glenny, R. W., W. J. Lamm, R. K. Albert, and H. T. Robertson. "Gravity is a minor determinant of pulmonary blood flow distribution." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (August 1, 1991): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.620.
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Regional pulmonary blood flow in dogs under zone 3 conditions was measured in supine and prone postures to evaluate the linear gravitational model of perfusion distribution. Flow to regions of lung that were 1.9 cm3 in volume was determined by injection of radiolabeled microspheres in both postures. There was marked perfusion heterogeneity within isogravitational planes (coefficient of variation = 42.5%) as well as within gravitational planes (coefficient of variation = 44.2 and 39.2% in supine and prone postures, respectively; P = 0.02). On average, vertical height explained only 5.8 and 2.4% of the flow variability in the supine and prone postures, respectively. Whereas the gravitational model predicts that regional flows should be negatively correlated when measured in supine and prone postures, flows in the two postures were positively correlated, with an r2 of 0.708 +/- 0.050. Regional perfusion as a function of distance from the center of a lung explained 13.4 and 10.8% of the flow variability in the supine and prone postures, respectively. A linear combination of vertical height and radial distance from the centers of each lung provided a better-fitting model but still explained only 20.0 and 12.0% of the flow variability in the supine and prone postures, respectively. The entire lung was searched for a region of contiguous lung pieces (22.8 cm3) with high flow. Such a region was found in the dorsal area of the lower lobes in six of seven animals, and flow to this region was independent of posture. Under zone 3 conditions, neither gravity nor radial location is the principal determinant of regional perfusion distribution in supine and prone dogs.
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Jarvis, K. A., E. P. Steffey, W. S. Tyler, N. Willits, and M. Woliner. "Pulmonary blood flow distribution in anesthetized ponies." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.1173.
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Results of recent investigations in humans and dogs indicate that gravity-independent factors may be important in determining the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. To further evaluate the role of gravity-independent factors, pulmonary blood flow distribution was examined using 15-microns radionuclide-labeled microspheres in five prone ponies over 5 h of pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. The ponies were killed, and the lungs were excised and dried by air inflation (pressure 45 cmH2O). The dry lungs were cut into transverse slices 1–2 cm thick along the dorsal-ventral axis, parallel to gravity. Radioactivity of pieces cut from alternate slices was measured with a gamma well counter. The main finding was a preferential distribution of pulmonary blood flow to dorsal-caudal regions and higher flow in the center of each lung slice when compared with the slice periphery. Flow was lowest in cranial and ventral areas. Differences of +/- 2 SD were observed between core and peripheral blood flow. No medial-lateral differences were found. Pulmonary blood flow distribution did not change over 5 h of anesthesia, and the basic flow pattern was not different in the left vs. right lung. These results suggest that in the intact prone mechanically ventilated pony (inspired O2 fraction greater than or equal to 0.95) factors other than gravity are primary determinants of pulmonary blood flow.
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Viatkin, Konstantyn. "TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN PLANNING SYSTEMS: INFLUENCE FACTORS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.37-48.
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The article is devoted to the definition of certain aspects of the territorial-spatial development of urban planning systems. The article identifies the basic centers of attraction by analyzing the main economic indicators of Ukraine's development. Based on the analysis of migration links, centers of attraction of the population were identified, which have high indicators of the economic block of functions of the urban planning system. Analyzing the systems of population settlement and spatial-territorial planning, it is advisable to note that meeting the needs of the population and the processes of socio-economic development of territories is determined by determining the zones of influence of individual centers that perform a number of economic, social, environmental and spatial functions. The boundaries of the influence of such centers are determined by a set of socio-economic ties and depend on the scale of the center of influence of its economic development and the degree of urbanization. The largest center of attraction for the population in Ukraine is the capital Kiev. The next cities in terms of attractiveness that significantly affect the migration processes of the population are the cities of Kharkov, Lviv, Odessa and Dnipro. These cities have similarly high indicators of the economic block of functions of the urban planning system. Analysis of economic indicators of the development of territories showed the dependence of the development of the level of wages. The higher the indicators of economic development of territories, the more attractive it is for the population and acts as a center of gravity. However, it should be noted that for further analysis of territorial development, it is advisable to introduce indicators of the efficiency of economic systems, providing workers with social guarantees and analysis of the level of wages, are important indicators of the impact on territorial attractiveness.
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SPRIGINGS, E., and D. LEACH. "Standardised technique for determining the centre of gravity of body and limb segments of horses." Equine Veterinary Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1986): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03536.x.
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Aleksander, P., A. Marchewka, W. Chwała, W. Forczek, J. Głodzik, and M. Kurcz. "056 SPATIO-TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT DETERMINING THE SPATIAL CENTER OF GRAVITY (COG) OSCILLATIONS IN GAIT OF PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME (DS)." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 16 (February 2010): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(10)70057-2.
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BRZHEZOVSKIY, A. M. "On the rationing the parameters of asymmetric loading of all-purpose freight cars." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 78, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2019-78-2-82-89.
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Due to the presence in the operating fleet of freight cars with a base of over 10 m, as well as the practical impossibility of symmetrically placing loads with a weight corresponding to the nominal carrying capacity on open rolling stock, adjustments to the existing asymmetrical loading standards are necessary. To this end, it is proposed to apply a comprehensive methodology for determining the allowable parameters of asymmetrical placement of freights, based on a combination of strength criteria of the bearing elements of cars, ensuring the normative level of dynamic qualities and stability of the loaded car. The article provides an example of determining the permissible parameters of the joint lateral and longitudinal displacement of the total center of gravity of the car (ЦТгр°), loaded to the nominal capacity. According to the results of the studies to determine the allowable values of longitudinal and lateral displacement ЦТгр° with unbalanced placement within the loading platform of the car, including the presence of a joint displacement, it was found that to improve the efficiency of using freight cars with an increased base, it is advisable to update the current offset standards of ЦТгр°. It is recommended to take the values of longitudinal displacement ЦТгр° for cars with a body base of 14.6 and 19.0 m respectively 1.46 and 2.11 m for freight with a total weight of 50 tons; 1.10 and 1.43 m for freight with a total weight of 60 tons; 0.22 and 0.28 m – for freight with a total weight of 67 tons. When placing freights with a total weight of over 67 tons with a height of center of gravity of 2.0–2.2 m on 4-axle freight cars with an axle load of 230.5 kN without limiting the permissible driving speeds, it is recommended to use a graphical method for determining the joint (longitudinal and transverse) displacement ЦТгр°. With an increase in the joint displacement parameters ЦТгр°, it will be necessary to limit the speed of the car in the curved sections of the track and to the lateral direction on the turnouts.
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Damdinov, B. B., V. A. Sorokovikov, S. N. Larionov, Z. V. Koshkareva, O. V. Sklyarenko, A. P. Zhivotenko, and A. N. Kiriyenko. "Peculiarities of changes in the sagittal balance of the cervical spine in cervicobrachial syndrome." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika (Spine Surgery) 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2019.2.42-48.
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Objective. To analyze clinical manifestations of cervicobrachial syndrome and identify their relationship with sagittal imbalance using data of MRI and radiological examination.Material and Methods. Clinical manifestations of cervicobrachial syndrome associated with degenerative changes in the spine were studied in 22 patients. Clinical examination, radiography of the cervical spine, electroneuromyography of the upper extremities, and MRI study were performed. The intensity of the pain syndrome was assessed by VAS, and the quality of life – by the NDI questionnaire. The sagittal balance of the cervical spine was evaluated according to the following characteristics: angle of T1 slope, atlantoaxial (C1–C2) angle, degree of shift of the center of gravity of C2–C7, and Cobb angle.Results. The pain intensity in cervicobrachial syndrome correlates with sagittal balance changes in the C2–C7 Cobb angle (r = 0.656; p < 0.05), the angle of T1 vertebra slope (r = 0.520; p < 0.05), and in the degree of shift of the center of gravity of C2–C7 (r = 0.756; p < 0.02). Differences between MRI and radiological results of the sagittal balance measurement are not significant (p < 0.04).Conclusion. The study of the sagittal balance can be included in the algorithm for diagnosing osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. The MRI, along with spondylography, can be used to assess the state of sagittal balance. Understanding the identified relationships can help in determining the program of etiopathogenetic treatment of patients with cervicobrachial syndrome with obligatory including the sagittal balance correction in the program.
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Abreu, Lucas H. P., Tadayuki Yanagi Junior, Édison J. Fassani, Alessandro T. Campos, and Dian Lourençoni. "Fuzzy modeling of broiler performance, raised from 1 to 21 days, subject to heat stress." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n6p967-978/2015.
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ABSTRACT Given the need to obtain systems to better control broiler production environment, we performed an experiment with broilers from 1 to 21 days, which were submitted to different intensities and air temperature durations in conditioned wind tunnels and the results were used for validation of afuzzy model. The model was developed using as input variables: duration of heat stress (days), dry bulb air temperature (°C) and as output variable: feed intake (g) weight gain (g) and feed conversion (g.g-1). The inference method used was Mamdani, 20 rules have been prepared and the defuzzification technique used was the Center of Gravity. A satisfactory efficiency in determining productive responses is evidenced in the results obtained in the model simulation, when compared with the experimental data, where R2 values calculated for feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were 0.998, 0.981 and 0.980, respectively.
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Tondji, Y., and R. M. Botez. "Semi-empirical estimation and experimental method for determining inertial properties of the Unmanned Aerial System – UAS-S4 of Hydra Technologies." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1245 (October 11, 2017): 1648–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.105.
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ABSTRACTThis article presents a structural analysis of the Unmanned Aerial System UAS-S4 ETHECATL. Mass, centre of gravity position and principal mass moment of inertia are numerically determined and further experimentally verified using the ‘pendulum method’. The numerical estimations are computed through Raymer and DATCOM statistical-empirical methods coupled with mechanical calculations. The mass of the UAS-S4 parts are estimated according to their sizes and the UAS-S4 class, by the means of Raymer statistical equations. The UAS-S4 is also decomposed in several simple geometrical figures which centres of gravity are individually computed, weighted and then arithmetically averaged to find the whole UAS-S4 centre of gravity. In the same way, DATCOM equations allows us to estimate the mass moments of inertia of each UAS-S4 parts that are finally sum up according to the Huygens-Steiner theorem for computing the principal moment of inertia of the whole UAS-S4. The mass of de UAS-S4 is experimentally determined with two scales. Its centre of gravity coordinates and its mass moment of inertia are found using the pendulum method. A bifilar torsion-type pendulum methodology is used for the vertical axis(14)and a simple pendulum methodology is used for the longitudinal and transversal axes(12). The test object is installed on a pendulum (simple or bifilar torsion pendulum) which is led to oscillate freely while recording the oscillation's angles and speed, by the means of three sensors (an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer) that the calibration is also discussed. Simultaneously, nonlinear dynamic models are developed for the rotational motion of pendulums, including the effects of large-angle oscillations, aerodynamic drag, viscous damping and additional momentum of air. ‘Algorithms of minimization’ are then used to simulate and actualise the dynamic models and finally chose the model that simulated data best fit the experimentally recorded one. Pendulum parameters, such as mass moment of inertia, are lastly extracted from the chosen model. To determine the accuracy of the nonlinear dynamics approach of the pendulum method, the experimental results for an object of uniform density for which the mass moments of inertia are computed numerically from geometrical data are presented along with the experimental results obtained for the UAS-S4 ETHECATL. For the uniform density object, the experimental method gives, with respect to the numerical results, an error of 4.4% for the mass moment of inertia around theZaxis and 9.5% for the moment of inertia around theXandYaxes. In addition, the experimental results for the UAS-S4 inertial values validate the numerical calculation through DATCOM method with a relative error of 6.52% on average.
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Hearst, R. B., and W. A. Morris. "Regional gravity setting of the Sudbury Structure." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 6 (November 2001): 1680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487110.
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In the vicinity of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, the boundary between the Southern and Superior tectonic provinces is overlain by the elliptical Sudbury Structure. On the basis of gravity modeling, genesis of the Sudbury Structure has been attributed to either a magmatic origin (having a dense hidden differentiate zone) or a meteorite impact origin (there being no dense hidden mass). The difference between the two gravity models centers on the problem of regional‐residual separation. As shown by numerous previous studies, any such separation of components is nonunique. This becomes especially problematic when, as in Sudbury, a portion of the near‐surface geology has a similar orientation and dimension to more deep‐seated source. In this paper, several numerical methods (upward continuation, downward continuation, wavelength filtering, trend‐surface analysis) for determining the regional component of the gravity field associated with the Sudbury Structure have been applied and evaluated. Of the numerical methods used, the upward and downward continuation operators provided the most insight into the deep structural controls of the Sudbury Basin. Our preferred interpretation of the regional gravity field invokes a two‐component structure. Underlying the southern half of the Sudbury Structure is a laterally continuous gravity anomaly that is probably associated with a zone of uplifted Huronian volcanics. The gravity anomaly under the northern portion of the Sudbury Structure has a more restricted spatial extent. The close association between the northern limit of the gravity anomaly and the surface outcrop of the Levack Gneiss suggests the source of this anomaly is probably a slab of dense Levack Gneiss. This interpretation favors a meteorite impact origin for the Sudbury Structure.
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Kravtsov, S., and K. Rumyantsev. "Method for Contactless Determination of the Height of A Fuel Assembly by Means of A 3-D Reconstruction of A Collinear Stereopair Images." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.13 (July 27, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.16323.
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A method for determining the head height of fuel assemblies in the reactor core of a nuclear power unit using a 3-D reconstruction of a stereopair of collinear images is considered. The method is based on the principle of statistical evaluation of the height of a set of points for a 3-D reconstruction of the contour of the head of the fuel assembly. To obtain a stereopair of images, it is suggested to use a collinear digital stereo-vision system. A model experiment was carried out. The results are compared with the known method for determining the height of the heads of fuel assemblies, based on an estimate of the height of the centers of gravity of the contours of fuel assembly heads. The proposed method shows a higher accuracy in solving the problem of determining the heights of fuel assembly heads in comparison with the known method.
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Bezjazychnyj, V. F., K. A. Vinogradov, and O. V. Vinogradova. "DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF GAS TURBINE BLADES BASED ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT BY STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 277 (April 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.04.pp.031-037.
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A method for determining the parameters of the turbine blades geometry (angles of the inlet and outlet edges, thickness, etc.), as well as the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the blades (height) according to the coordinate measurements of the profiles is proposed. These parameters are used to evaluate the gas-dynamic efficiency of the blade row and the strength characteristics of the turbine blades on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models widely used in engineering practice.
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Bezjazychnyj, V. F., K. A. Vinogradov, and O. V. Vinogradova. "DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF GAS TURBINE BLADES BASED ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT BY STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS METHODS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 277 (April 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.04.pp.031-037.
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A method for determining the parameters of the turbine blades geometry (angles of the inlet and outlet edges, thickness, etc.), as well as the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the blades (height) according to the coordinate measurements of the profiles is proposed. These parameters are used to evaluate the gas-dynamic efficiency of the blade row and the strength characteristics of the turbine blades on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models widely used in engineering practice.
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Busygin, A. S., and А. V. Shumov. "MULTISTAGE ROCKET FLIGHT SIMULATION." Issues of radio electronics, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-3-105-107.
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The paper considers a method for simulating the flight of a multistage rocket in Matlab using Simulink software for control and guidance. The model takes into account the anisotropy of the gravity of the Earth, changes in the pressure and density of the atmosphere, piecewise continuous change of the center of mass and the moment of inertia of the rocket during the flight. Also, the proposed model allows you to work out various targeting options using both onboard and ground‑based information tools, to load information from the ground‑based radar, with imitation of «non‑ideality» of incoming target designations as a result of changes in the accuracy of determining coordinates and speeds, as well as signal fluctuations. It is stipulated that the design is variable not only by the number of steps, but also by their types. The calculations are implemented in a matrix form, which allows parallel operations in each step of processing a multidimensional state vector of the simulated object.
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Kalimullin, Marat, Rinat Abdrakhmanov, Dinar Ismagilov, and Il'dar Valiev. "TO DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE FLEXIBLE WORKING ELEMENT OF HAULM CHOPPER." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-54-58.
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Potato in the Russian Federation takes the second place after grain in its economic importance. In the public sector, potatoes are cultivated on farms, personal and subsidiary plots. In connection with the transition to market relations, the area for planting potatoes has sharply decreased, and as a result, the production of potato harvesting equipment. Therefore, the question arose of the further creation and production of the simplest potato harvesting equipment and the improvement of their new working units. Pre-harvest removal chopping tops occupies an important place in the technology of potato cultivation. The easiest way to remove the tops is mechanical. During operation, it was noted that rotary machines have a number of disadvantages caused by the imperfection of the rotor design, its kinematic regimes, insufficient balance and reliability. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a rotary topper with a vertical axis of rotation was designed and manufactured. To justify the design and operational parameters, theoretical studies of the process of interaction of the working element of the chopper with the tops of root crops were carried out, as a result of which the main patterns characterizing the working element were identified. In particular, a dependence was obtained that allows one to determine the shape of the line of the working element, which takes into account both the design parameters and the operating modes of the developed haulm chopper. Due to the action of gravity and air resistance during rotation, the working element cannot be a straight rod, that is, the farther the point of the working element from the center of rotation, the more it will lag behind the intended straight line. The deviation value will be in direct proportion to the transverse size of the working element and inversely to the linear density of its material. The coefficient of air resistance is determined experimentally, due to the influence on its value of both the shape and structure of the surface of the working element, as well as humidity and air temperature.
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Kozioł, Stanisław. "Truck Driving Parameters - A Comparative Study." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.142.
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Rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and other vehicles used by the fire department, such as tankers and aerial ladder trucks have typically a high centre of gravity. Driving such vehicles involves the danger of transverse stability loss and rolling over. This problem is augmented by inadequate driver experience due to the low mileage of emergency vehicles. The safety of a moving vehicle largely depends on its driving characteristics, which can be studied and compared, and these in turn can be the basis for the evaluation of the vehicle safety with a specific body design.The aim of the study was to develop a set of measuring devices for identifying driving properties for trucks. A dynamics study was conducted using constructed prototype solutions for selected trucks with a high centre of gravity, including emergency vehicles for fire departments. The study was performed during selected standard road tests for determining driveability properties. Three road tests were used to assess the road stability and manoeuvrability of the vehicles: driving in a circle in predetermined conditions, steering wheel jump while driving straight ahead, and braking while driving in a circle. The results of this study allow determining the characteristic values of parameters describing vehicle behaviour in each test and a comparative assessment of their safety in traffic. Moreover, the study constituted a verification of the developed system that can be used for dynamics tests and the evaluation of vehicle safety.
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Bobyr, Maxim, Alexander Arkhipov, and Aleksey Yakushev. "Shade recognition of the color label based on the fuzzy clustering." Informatics and Automation 20, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 407–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.2021.20.2.6.
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In this article the task of determining the current position of pneumatic actuators is considered. The solution to the given task is achieved by using a technical vision system that allows to apply the fuzzy clustering method to determine in real time the center coordinates and the displacement position of a color label located on the mechatronic complex actuators. The objective of this work is to improve the accuracy of the moving actuator’s of mechatronic complex by improving the accuracy of the color label recognition.
The intellectualization of process of the color shade recognition is based on fuzzy clustering. First, a fuzzy model is built, that allows depending on the input parameters of the color intensity for each of the RGB channels and the color tone component, to select a certain color in the image. After that, the color image is binarized and noise is suppressed.
The authors used two defuzzification models during simulation a fuzzy system: one is based on the center of gravity method (CoG) and the other is based on the method of area ratio (MAR). The model is implemented based on the method of area ratio and allows to remove the dead zones that are present in the center of gravity model. The method of area ratio determines the location of the color label in the image frame. Subsequently, when the actuator is moved longitudinally, the vision system determines the location of the color label in the new frame. The color label position offset between the source and target images allows to determine the moved distance of the color label.
In order to study how noise affects recognition accuracy, the following digital filters were used: median, Gaussian, matrix and binomial. Analysis of the accuracy of these filters showed that the best result was obtained when using a Gaussian filter. The estimation was based on the signal-to-noise coefficient. The mathematical models of fuzzy clustering of color label recognition were simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Experimental studies of technical vision system performance with the proposed fuzzy clustering model were carried out on a pneumatic mechatronic complex that performs processing, moving and storing of details. During the experiments, a color label was placed on the cylinder, after which the cylinder moved along the guides in the longitudinal direction. During the movement, video recording and image recognition were performed. To determine the accuracy of color label recognition, the PSNR and RMSE coefficients were calculated which were equal 38.21 and 3.14, respectively. The accuracy of determining the displacement based on the developed model for recognizing color labels was equal 99.7%. The defuzzifier speed has increased to 590 ns.
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Marotta, Nicola, Andrea Demeco, Gerardo de Scorpio, Angelo Indino, Teresa Iona, and Antonio Ammendolia. "Late Activation of the Vastus Medialis in Determining the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Soccer Players." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 7 (September 1, 2020): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0026.
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Context: Activation time of the quadriceps is important in determining injury risk in professional soccer players. Objective: To compare the activation time of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during a movement that puts stress on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to assess the risk of ACL injury. Design: Case series. Setting: University laboratory for movement analysis. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty (10 males and 10 females) professional soccer players. Intervention(s): An inertial sensor and 4 electrodes positioned on the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles were used for the surface electromyography. The athlete resting on 1 leg dropped, from a 32-cm-high platform, on the suspended foot (testing leg), without jumping or lowering his center of gravity and maintaining single-leg landing for 5 seconds. Using a software, it is possible to calculate the activation time of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris, and semimembranosus muscles before ground contact. Main Outcome Measures: To evaluate the activation times of the rectus femoris, VM, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles before ground contact in comparison with the range of normality calculated by the manufacturer. Results: All male soccer players demonstrated a low risk related to the correct activation of all the examined muscles, while female soccer players demonstrated delayed activation of the VM. Conclusions: Delayed activation of the VM registered in females determines an increase in anterior shear force, which is an important risk factor for incurring an ACL injury. This testing protocol becomes adequate for the screening of high-risk athletes and for targeting interventions to specific imbalances that may increase injury risk.
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Bhavanibhatla, Kondalarao, and Dilip Kumar Pratihar. "Study on kinematics and inverse dynamics of legged mobile manipulator for determining feet-terrain reaction forces and joint torques." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (October 3, 2018): 3117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218802948.
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Legged mobile manipulator is a robotic system that consists of a serial manipulator rigidly mounted on a multi-legged platform. Its high mobility and dexterity makes this robotic system more suitable to be used in disaster management and space applications, where there will be an uneven and unstructured terrain. However, its high power consumption and low stability under external disturbances are the challenges to be solved. In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the feet-terrain reaction forces and joint actuating torques, which ensures the minimum power consumption. Initially, the kinematic model of the robotic system is developed using general-purpose rigid body analysis. Newton–Euler approach is then utilized to formulate the coupled dynamics of this multi-body system. The developed inverse dynamics model considers the inertial effects of the manipulator and moving legs on the trunk body and stationary legs. However, it has no unique solution due to its high redundancy. Therefore, it has been formulated as an optimization problem in order to minimize the power consumption after satisfying some functional constraints. The performance of the developed approach has been tested on computer simulations. The results show that the developed model can efficiently study the kinematics and dynamics of the legged mobile manipulator and also explain the nature of shifting of center of gravity of the combined robotic system due to the movement of the manipulator links. The developed model is a generalized one and it can be used for carrying out stability analysis and designing suitable controller for the combined robotic system.
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Hang, Nguyen Thi Thu, Erdinc Oksum, Le Huy Minh, and Do Duc Thanh. "An improved space domain algorithm for determining the 3-D structure of the magnetic basement." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13550.
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The paper presents an improved algorithm based on Bhaskara Rao and Ramesh Babu’s algorithm to invert magnetic anomalies of three-dimensional basement structures. The magnetic basement is approximated by an ensemble of juxtaposed vertical prisms whose bottom surface coincides with Curie surface with the known depth. The computer program operating with the proposed algorithm is built in Matlab environment. Test applications show that the proposed method can perform computations with fast and stable convergence rate where the results also coincide well with the actual model structure. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by inverting magnetic anomalies of the southeast part of Vietnam continental shelf. The calculated magnetic basement relief of the study area provides useful additional information for studies in the aim of dealing with the geological structure of the area.References Beiki M., 2010. Analytic signals of gravity gradient tensor and their application to estimate source location, Geophysics, 75(6), i59–i74.Bui C.Q. (chief author), Le T., Tran T. D., Nguyen T. H., Phi T.T., 2007. Map of deep structure of the Earth’s crust, Atlas of the characteristics of natural conditions and environment in Vietnam’s waters and adjacent region. Publisher of Science and Technology, Ha Noi. Do D.T., Nguyen T.T.H., 2011. Atempt the improvement of inversion of magnetic anomalies of two dimensional polygonal cross sections to determine the depth of magnetic basement in some data profile of middle off shelf of Vietnam. Journal of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 49(2), 125–132.Do D.T., 2013. Study for application of 3D magnetic and gravity method to determine density contribution of basement rock and depth of magnetic basement on Vietnam’s shelf for oil research and prospecting Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Project code QG-11-04. Keating P. and Pilkington M., 2000, Euler deconvolution of the analytic signal, 62nd Annual International Meeting, EAGE, Session P0193.Keating P., Zerbo L., 1996. An improved technique for reduction to the pole at low latitudes, Geophysics, 61, 131–137.Le H.M., Luu V.H., 2003. Preliminary interpretation of the magnetic anomalies of the Eastern Vietnam sea and adiacent regions. J. Sci. of the Earth, 25(2), 173–181. Mai T.T., Pham V.T., Dang V.B., Le D.B., Nguyen B., Le V.D., 2011. Characteristics of Pliocene - Quaternary geology and Geoengineering in the Center and Southeast parts of Continental Shelf of Vietnam. J. Sci. of the Earth, 33(2), 109-118.Mushayandebvu M.F., Lesur V., Reid A.B., Fairhead J.D., 2004. Grid Euler deconvolution with constraints for 2D structures, Geophysics, 69, 489–496.Nguyen N.T., Bui V.N., Nguyen T.T.H., Than D.L., 2014a. Application of power density spectrum of magnetic anomaly to estimate the structure of magnetic layer of the earth crust in the Bac Bo gulf. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 14(4A), 137–148.Nguyen N.T., Bui V.N., Nguyen T.T.H., 2014b. Determining the depth to the magnetic basementand fault systems in Tu Chinh - Vung May area by magnetic data interpretation. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 14(4A), 16–25.Nguyen T.T.H., Pham T.L., Do D.T., Le H.M., 2018. Improving algorithm of determining the coordinates of the vertices of the polygon to invert magnetic anomalies of two-dimensional basement structures in space domain, Journal of Marine Science and Technology (preparing to print).Parker R.L., 1973. The rapid calculation of potential anomalies, Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc, 31, 447–455. Pilkington M., Gregotski M.E., Todoeschuck J.P., 1994. Using fractal crustal magnetization models in magnetic interpretation, Geophysical Prospecting, 42, 677–692.Pilkington M., 2006. Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for two-layer models, Geophysics, 71, L35–L42.Rao D.B., Babu N.R., 1993. A fortran 77 computer program for three dimensional inversion of magnetic anomalies resulting from multiple prismatic bodies, Computer & Geosciences, 19(8), 781–801.Tanaka A., Okubo Y., Matsubayashi O., 1999. Curie point depth based on spectrum analysis of the magnetic anomaly data in East and Southeast Asia, Tectonic Pphysics, 306, 461–470.Thompson D.T., 1982. EULDTH – A new technique for marking computer-assisted depth estimates from magnetic data, Geophysics, 47, 31–37.Vo T.S., Le H.M., Luu V.H., 2005. Determining the horizontal position and depth of the density discontinuties in Red River Delta by using the vertical derivative and Euler deconvolution for the gravity anomaly data, Vietnam. Journal of Geology, Series A, 287(3–4), 39–52. Werner S., 1955. Interpretation of magnetic anomalies of sheet-like bodies, Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Series C, Arsbok, 43, 6.Xu S.Z., 2006. The integral-iteration method for continuation of potential fields, Chinese journal of geophysics (in Chinese), 49(4), 1176–1182.Zhang C., Huang D.N., Zhang K., Pu Y.T., Yu P., 2016. Magnetic interface forward and inversion method based on Padé approximation, Applied Geophysics, 13(4), 712–720.CCOP, 1996. Magnetic anomaly map of East Asia, scale 1:4.000.000, Geological survey of Japan and Committee for co-ordination of joint prospecting for mineral resources in asian offshore areas.
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Yan, Meijun, Yan Zhang, Geoffrey A. Bocobob, Qihang Su, Kai Zhu, Qiang Zhang, and Jun Tan. "Corrigendum to “A novel tissue separation method for determining upper trunk center of gravity in patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis using MIMICS” [Clinical Biomechanics 71 (2020) 101–106/JCLB_4894]." Clinical Biomechanics 80 (December 2020): 105105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105105.
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Neskoromnykh, Viacheslav, and Anton Golovchenko. "Performance analysis and modernization of a deflection system based on the downhole hammer." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-2-5-16.
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Introduction. The method of rotary-percussion drilling with downhole hammers is widely used in mining and geological exploration and is also one of the most promising due to the high well flow rates combined with the durability and reliability of designs used in method implementation. One of the main constraints for field use is the lack of a commercially available deflection system capable of adjusting the direction of the wells with high mechanical speed without reducing the technological parameters of drilling. Research aim is to analyze the performance and modernize the designs of the deflection system based on the downhole machine from the point of view of increasing the accuracy of hole deviation change, as well as to make a dependence synthesis to determine the intensity of the hole deviation change when implementing the mechanism of rock destruction by eccentric impact pulses. Research methodology. The study is based on a set of methods of basic scientific research, in particular analysis, synthesis, formalization, abstraction. Conclusions. Dependence is given for determining the intensity of the hole deviation change depending on the impact system parameters. The working conditions of the hammer with a displaced center of gravity in the design of the deflection system are investigated, an empirical dependence is given for determining the magnitude of the orientation error, and recommendations are given for its reduction. The area of possible application of the presented technical solution is analyzed.
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Wang, J., R. Lindenbergh, and M. Menenti. "EVALUATING VOXEL ENABLED SCALABLE INTERSECTION OF LARGE POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (August 19, 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-25-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Laser scanning has become a well established surveying solution for obtaining 3D geo-spatial information on objects and environment. Nowadays scanners acquire up to millions of points per second which makes point cloud huge. Laser scanning is widely applied from airborne, carborne and stable platforms, resulting in point clouds obtained at different attitudes and with different extents. Working with such different large point clouds makes the determination of their overlapping area necessary but often time consuming. In this paper, a scalable point cloud intersection determination method is presented based on voxels. The method takes two overlapping point clouds as input. It consecutively resamples the input point clouds according to a preset voxel cell size. For all non-empty cells the center of gravity of the points in contains is computed. Consecutively for those centers it is checked if they are in a voxel cell of the other point cloud. The same process is repeated after interchanging the role of the two point clouds. The quality of the results is evaluated by the distance to the pints from the other data set. Also computation time and quality of the results are compared for different voxel cell sizes. The results are demonstrated on determining he intersection between an airborne and carborne laser point clouds and show that the proposed method takes 0.10%, 0.15%, 1.26% and 14.35% of computation time compared the the classic method when using cell sizes of of 10, 8, 5 and 3 meters respectively.
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Cavaleri, Rocco, Siobhan M. Schabrun, and Lucy S. Chipchase. "Determining the Optimal Number of Stimuli per Cranial Site during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mapping." Neuroscience Journal 2017 (February 26, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6328569.
Full textAbstract:
The delivery of five stimuli to each cranial site is recommended during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping. However, this time-consuming practice restricts the use of TMS mapping beyond the research environment. While reducing the number of stimuli administered to each cranial site may improve efficiency and decrease physiological demand, doing so may also compromise the procedure’s validity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the minimum number of stimuli per cranial site required to obtain valid outcomes during TMS mapping. Map volume and centre of gravity (CoG) recordings obtained using five stimuli per cranial site were retrospectively compared to those obtained using one, two, three, and four stimuli per cranial site. For CoG longitude, one stimulus per cranial site produced valid recordings (ICC = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95). However, this outcome is rarely explored in isolation. As two stimuli per cranial site were required to obtain valid CoG latitude (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 0.99) and map volume (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 0.99) recordings, it is recommended that a minimum of two stimuli be delivered to each cranial site during TMS mapping in order to obtain valid outcomes.
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Povaliaiev, Serhii, and Olexii Saraiev. "Mathematical model for estimation the stability of the vehicle's motion on overturning." Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies, no. 19 (May 19, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/veit.2021.19.0.47.
Full textAbstract:
Problem. During the reconstruction of the circumstances of road traffic accidents with vehicles overturning, difficulties arise with determining the parameters of vehicles in the process of their overturning. This is due to the fact that the recommended calculation methods are often simplified. The main focus of such techniques is to determine the minimum speed of vehicles, which leads to their overturning. In fact, the speed of vehicles before overturning can be significantly higher. Goal. This paper is dedicated to developing mathematical model of overturning vehicles that makes possible to determine not only the conditions for overturning vehicles, but also other parameters of the vehicle movement in the process of overturning. Methodology. The overturning of the vehicle occurs as a result of the action of inertial forces after collision with an immovable side obstacle. In this case, the moment from the force of gravity of the vehicle keeps it from overturning. In the process of overturning the vehicle, the moment from the force of gravity decreases due to the decrease in the arm of the force of gravity. To compile a mathematical model, the basic equation of dynamics during rotational motion was used. The mathematical model of a vehicle overturning is written in the form of a nonlinear homogeneous second order differential equation. An analytical solution of this equation is obtained. Results. Developed mathematical model makes possible to determine not only the conditions for overturning vehicles, but also other parameters of the vehicle movement from the moment the center of mass begins to rise to the moment of its maximum rise in the process of overturning. For a particular case, when the critical speed of a vehicle during its overturning is determined, the developed mathematical model fully corresponds to the mathematical model based on the law of conservation of energy. For a specific vehicle, numerical results were obtained that fully correspond to the physics of the overturning process.
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Pegov, V. I., I. Yu Moshkin, E. S. Merkulov, and A. D. Cheshko. "Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic loads on starting rocket and submarine." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2016-3-30-35.
Full textAbstract:
The paper proposes a solution to the problem of determining hydrodynamic loads on the rocket and submarine using numerical simulation based on the control volume method in a three-dimensional non-stationary problem statement. We took into consideration contours, rocket and submarine velocity, medium two-phase state (gas liquid), viscosity and gravity. We calculated the start effects on the rocket and submarine for two cases: when the submarine is moving and stationary. The reliability and accuracy of the calculations were confirmed by comparing them with the results of the tests on a model in the hydro tank at JSC Academician V. P. Makeyev State Rocket Centre.
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Sutapa, I. Nyoman, Magdalena Wullur, and Tania Nano Cahyono. "Determining the Number and Location of Warehouses to Minimize Logistics Costs of Business to Consumer (B2C) Distribution." SHS Web of Conferences 76 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601012.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses a case study at a company that works on Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) section using B2B distribution system, and is conducting a market test for its new alternative tobacco products using B2C distribution system. The purpose of this study is to determine both number and location of warehouses that provides a minimum total logistics costs for the B2C process, where the company is currently still using company-owned B2B warehouses. Determination of the number and location of these warehouses is performed using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering where grouping is based on the shortest distance and is done using Evolutionary Solver. Centre of Gravity is also used to determine the location of the warehouses. Iteration will be carried out to obtain the number of warehouses that provide minimal total cost. The result of the modelling shows that the optimal number of warehouses is six and each warehouse will have their own market division.