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Academic literature on the topic 'Déterminisme génétique – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Déterminisme génétique – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Saudemont, Alexandra. "Origine évolutive des plans d'organisation chez les bilatériens : étude du déterminisme génétique de la subdivision du mésoderme chez l'annelide platynereis dumerilii." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077209.
Full textOur vision of metazoan phylogeny was deeply modified since ten years: the current model species in developmental biology constitute a very imperfect sampling of animals, with a notable lack of models within Lophotrochozoans. However, a good sampling of the species is crucial to deal with any evolutionary question, such as the origin of body plans. A way of tackling this question is to study the aspects of the animal development from which body plans result, such as for example mesoderm subdivision in distinct territories that will give rise to the various mesodermal organs. This thesis presents the study of the genetic determinism of mesoderm subdivision in a Lophotrochozoan model, the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii. In Drosophila, the NK complex genes are known for their implication in mesoderm subdivision, while the situation is less clear in the vertebrates. A systematic phylogenetic analysis of this family of homeodomain transcription factors showed that its diversification took place before the separation of the lines of Cnidarians and Bilaterians. The study of these genes in an annelid suggests that their functions were various and numerous in the last common ancestor of Bilaterians, Urbilateria. They would have been implied not only in mesoderm subdivision, but also, for some, in the ontogenesis of the nervous System or pharynx development. These results support the idea of an Urbilateria ancestor more complex than it traditionally was imagined
Beau, Jacques. "Etude des correlats genetiques du rythme de l'activite chez la souris consanguine." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S013.
Full textRoubertoux, Pierre L. "Analyse genetique et comportements sociaux." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05S002.
Full textAchour, Ikbel. "Immunoglobulines homodimériques et conventionnelles des camélidés : génétique et évolution." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077171.
Full textIn addition to producing conventional tetrameric IgGs, camelids have the particularity of producing ; functional homodimeric IgG type that lacks light chains, and is therefore made up of two identice heavy chains. This non-conventional IgG type is characterized by variable and constant regions referred to as VHH and CHH respectively, and which differ from conventional VH and CH counterpart Although structural properties of homodimeric IgGs have been well investigated, the genetic basis involved in their generation are still largely unknown. We showed that a single IgH locus in alpaca (Lama pacos) chromosome 4 contains ail genetic elements required for the generation of the two types of Igs. The alpaca IgH locus is composed of a V-region that contains both VHH and VH gem segments, followed by a unique DH-JH cluster and C-region genes, which include both CHH and C genes. Although this general gene organization greatly resembles that of other typical mammalian Vn-Dn-Jn-Cn translocon IgH loci, the intermixed gene organization within the alpaca V and C region reveals a new type of translocon IgH locus. Transcript analyses of expressed homodimeric and tetrameric IgGs showed similar levels of mutation and that of IgMs revealed the existence of VHH Cm transcripts, strongly suggesting that cells bearing homodimeric IgGs develop from lgM+ cells The gene organization of the camelid IgH locus implies a striking regulation of stepwise gene arrangements to enable expression of either tetrameric or homodimeric Ig in B lymphocytes
Bidet, Philippe. "Caractérisation génétique d'un sous-groupe hautement virulent de Escherichia coli responsable de pathologies extra-intestinales." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T020.
Full textUsing DNA-array method, we developed a PCR able to detect the highly virulent E. Coli subgroup characterized by ribotype B2i and Sequence-Type 29 (EcMLST). Combining MLST and serotyping, we were able to distinguish among E. Coli strains belonging to this subgroup and causing invasive diseases in infants, three «sequence-O-types» associated with urosepsis (STc2902), meningitis (STc29018) or both syndromes (STc29O4S). Strain S88, representative of the STC29045 emerging clone in France has been sequenced in the Coliscope project. We found that two different traits of this strain, a new O antigen and a ColV plasmid close to those of avian pathogenic strains, are essential for its virulence in a neonatal meningitis rat model. Unraveling the origin of this clone will be aided by the molecular tools we have developed
Kebir, Oussama. "Épigénétique & psychose : Étude génétique des enzymes de la machinerie de régulation épigénétique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T019.
Full textGenetic factors and environment are involved in the etiopathogeny of schizophrenia with an interaction model. The biological substratum of this interaction is unknown but could be explained by an epigenetic model. In the first part of this work, we chose to examine in detail, through a critical review of the literature data, the environmental factor of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen considered as endocrine disruptor which also perturbs epigenetic regulation particularly DNA methylation. Although epidemiological data do not incriminate or exclude prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol as a factor increasing the risk of psychiatric disorders, there are several arguments in favor of this hypothesis. In the second part of this work, we tested the hypothesis of genetic polymorphisms of enzymes of the machinery of epigenetic regulation as a genetic vulnerability factor for schizophrenia. A family-based association study (325 trios) was conducted involving 10 genes encoding HDACs. SNP markers (n = 551) were extracted by the method of tagSNP. Statistical analysis identified 10 SNPs associated with schizophrenia with a threshold significance less than 0. 01. They are located on HDAC3, HDAC9, HDAC10, and HDAC11. An epistatic interaction was identified between HDAC3, HDAC9 and HDAC10. Although this study is exploratory and without correction for multiple testing, our results support data for the involvement of these genes with neurodevelopmental disorders
Ragusa, Angela. "Variabilité génétique des thalassémies en Sicile : étude moléculaire approfondie des formes surexprimant l'hémoglobine foetale." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05S005.
Full textRabès, Jean-Pierre. "L' hypercholestérolémie familiale : de l'athérosclérose à l'hétérogénéité génétique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05CD02.
Full textSarzi, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation génétique et phénotypique des déplétions de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T048.
Full textMitochondrial diseases are a common group of metabolism pathologies. Nowadays, they represent more than 17% of our clinical consultations. Multiple respiratory chain deficiency account for an important number of mitochondrial disease and are characterised by a multi-systemic organ involvement leading to early death. Since these last 15 years, we have recruited a large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency. In 2001, it has been shown that a mtDNA quantitative anomaly was at the origin of this defect also named mtDNA depletions. The large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and the weak yield of molecular diagnosis prompt us to consider mtDNA depletion as a cause of multiple respiratory chain deficiency. The aim of this work was firstly to estimate the incidence of mtDNA depletion in our series of multiple respiratory chain cases. Then, we characterised the genetic and phenotypic features of mtDNA depletions. Finaly, the study of one family among our consanguineous and/or multiplex patients allowed us to identify a new gene responsible for mtDNA depletions associated with a hepatocerebral failure. This gene also named PEO1 encodes for the mitochondrial Twinkle helicase which has been ever known to cause adult onset PEO in a dominant transmission. Finally, we have studied another consanguineous family with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and hepatic failure. This work allowed us to improve the genetic counselling in our laboratory especially for all patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency associated with a mtDNA depletion
Bourdon, Alice. "Ribonucléotide réductase et synthèse de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T006.
Full textMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletions are characterized by a decreased number of mtDNA molecules and constitute a major cause of respiratory chain deficiency. This work allowed us to identify a new nuclear gene of mtDNA depletion associated with a severe encephalomyopathy leading to death in the first months of age. This gene encodes a small ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit p53R2 which is a target of the transcription factor p53. RNR catalyses the reduction of the nucleotides into their corresponding desoxyribonucleotides, which is the rate limiting step for DNA synthesis. The second part of this work focuses on the role of p53R2 in mtDNA replication studying its subcellular localization and the expression of the subunits of RNR in several mouse tissues during development