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Journal articles on the topic 'Detoxification mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Barrett, J. "Helminth detoxification mechanisms." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 2 (1997): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0001573x.

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Detoxification mechanisms in parasitic helminths have not been extensively studied, despite their obvious relevance to drug development and drug resistance. Differences in detoxification enzymes between the parasite and its host may be exploitable in the design of pro-drugs, whilst selective inhibition of the parasites protective enzymes could increase their sensitivity to drug action and also make them more susceptible to the host's defence mechanisms.

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2

Pinto, A. P., A. de Varennes, M. L. S. Gonçalves, and A. M. Mota. "Sorghum Detoxification Mechanisms." Journal of Plant Nutrition 29, no. 7 (2006): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160600767450.

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3

Федорович, Д. В., М. В. Гончар, Г. П. Кшемінська, et al. "MECHANISMS OF CHROMATE DETOXIFICATION IN YEASTS." Microbiology&Biotechnology, no. 3(7) (September 15, 2009): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4663.2009.3(7).102846.

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4

Martinez-Finley, Ebany J., and Michael Aschner. "Revelations from the NematodeCaenorhabditis eleganson the Complex Interplay of Metal Toxicological Mechanisms." Journal of Toxicology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/895236.

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Metals have been definitively linked to a number of disease states. Due to the widespread existence of metals in our environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources, understanding the mechanisms of their cellular detoxification is of upmost importance. Organisms have evolved cellular detoxification systems including glutathione, metallothioneins, pumps and transporters, and heat shock proteins to regulate intracellular metal levels. The model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans), contains these systems and provides several advantages for deciphering the mechanisms of metal detox

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5

Bozoğlu, Faruk. "Different mycotoxin inactivation applications and their inactivation mechanisms." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 117 (2009): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0917027b.

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Control of mycotoxins is the need of the hour, since their occurrence in foods and feeds is continuously posing threats to both health and economics all over the world. Besides the post-harvest preventive measures, it is important that suitable detoxification methods must be developed for inactivating or removing mycotoxins from the contaminated commodities, as the toxins are also produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus even during pre-harvest stages of crop production. Several physical and chemical detoxification methods developed so far have been critically discussed in different r

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6

Shimshoni, Jakob A., and Shimon Barel. "Honeybees (Apis mellifera) toxicology and detoxification mechanisms." Science of The Total Environment 990 (August 2025): 179902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179902.

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7

Li, Ting, Yifan Wang, and Nannan Liu. "Synergism Study for Investigating Possible Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in Mosquitoes." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2023, no. 7 (2023): pdb.prot108042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot108042.

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Metabolic detoxification, in which insecticides are metabolized by enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, hydrolases, and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), to become more polar and less toxic, is one of the major mechanisms involved in the development of insecticide resistance. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO),S,S,S,-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF), and diethyl maleate (DEM) are inhibitors of P450s, hydrolases, and GSTs, respectively, and are frequently used as insecticide synergists in assessing the metabolic mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of insecticides and in the developmen

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Chen, Gaigai, Bowen Han, Wene Nan, and Xiaobo Dong. "Cadmium Tolerance and Detoxification Mechanisms of Lentinula edodes: Physiology, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Forms." Microorganisms 13, no. 1 (2025): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010062.

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Lentinula edodes has a strong cadmium-enrichment ability, posing a potential threat to human health. However, the cadmium tolerance and detoxification mechanisms of Lentinula edodes are not understood. We investigated the physiological responses, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of cadmium in two Lentinula edodes strains (1504 and L130) with contrasting cadmium tolerance. The results showed that appropriate, low-level cadmium promoted mycelial growth, and higher cadmium exposure induced obvious inhibition of mycelial growth by damaging the cell wall and membrane structure and trigg

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9

Bian, Dan-Dan, Yan-Xia Shi, Kai-Wen Shi, Hui-Cong Du, Bo-Ping Tang, and Qiu-Ning Liu. "Insights into Lead Toxicity and Detoxification Mechanisms in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori." Insects 16, no. 7 (2025): 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070699.

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Bombyx mori, a key lepidopteran model with economic importance, is highly susceptible to environmental heavy metal pollution. This study investigated the mechanisms of Pb toxicity and the associated detoxification and metabolic defense responses in silkworms, employing transcriptome sequencing, enzyme activity assays, and histopathological analysis. Pb exposure caused significant histopathological changes and apoptosis in the fat body, marked by structural disorganization, swollen adipocytes, and degraded extracellular matrix. Molecular analysis showed activation of antioxidant defenses, with

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10

Luo, Jin-Song, and Zhenhua Zhang. "Mechanisms of cadmium phytoremediation and detoxification in plants." Crop Journal 9, no. 3 (2021): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2021.02.001.

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11

Ganesan, S., G. Rohde, K. Eckermann, et al. "Mutant SOD1 detoxification mechanisms in intact single cells." Cell Death & Differentiation 15, no. 2 (2007): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4402262.

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12

Hall, J. L. "Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance." Journal of Experimental Botany 53, no. 366 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.366.1.

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13

Hall, J. L. "Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance." Journal of Experimental Botany 53, no. 366 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/53.366.1.

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14

Mishra, Shruti, and R. S. Dubey. "Heavy Metal Uptake and Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants." International Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 2 (2006): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2006.122.141.

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15

Mishra, Shruti, and R. S. Dubey. "Heavy Metal Uptake and Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants*." International Journal of Agricultural Research 5, no. 7 (2010): 482–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2010.482.501.

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16

Sruthi, Palliyath, Abdul Majeed Shackira, and Jos T. Puthur. "Heavy metal detoxification mechanisms in halophytes: an overview." Wetlands Ecology and Management 25, no. 2 (2016): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-016-9513-z.

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17

Mustafa, Adnan, Usman Zulfiqar, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz, et al. "Nickel (Ni) phytotoxicity and detoxification mechanisms: A review." Chemosphere 328 (July 2023): 138574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138574.

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18

Fuerst, E. Patrick, and Kevin C. Vaughn. "Mechanisms of Paraquat Resistance." Weed Technology 4, no. 1 (1990): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002515x.

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Ten weed species have developed resistance to paraquat. Evidence supporting two potential mechanisms of resistance has been reported in several species. Resistance may be due to the rapid sequestration of paraquat thus reducing levels of paraquat at the site of action in the chloroplast; alternatively, resistance may be due to the rapid enzymatic detoxification of superoxide and other toxic forms of oxygen.

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19

Perelman, Alexander, Avraham Uzan, Dalia Hacohen, and Rakefet Schwarz. "Oxidative Stress in Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7942: Various Mechanisms for H2O2 Detoxification with Different Physiological Roles." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 12 (2003): 3654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.12.3654-3660.2003.

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ABSTRACT This study focuses on the mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide detoxification in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. To gain better understanding of the role of different routes of hydrogen peroxide detoxification, we inactivated tplA (thioredoxin-peroxidase-like), which we recently identified. In addition, we inactivated the gene encoding catalase-peroxidase and examined the ability to detoxify H2O2 and to survive oxidative stress in both of the single mutants and in the double mutant. Surprisingly, we observed that the double mutant survived H2O2 concentrations that the single catalase-p

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20

Ndiaye, Seyni, Minhui Zhang, Mouhamed Fall, Nicolas M. Ayessou, Qi Zhang, and Peiwu Li. "Current Review of Mycotoxin Biodegradation and Bioadsorption: Microorganisms, Mechanisms, and Main Important Applications." Toxins 14, no. 11 (2022): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110729.

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Food/feed contamination by mycotoxins is a great threat to food safety. The contamination can occur along the food chain and can cause many diseases in humans and animals, and it also can cause economic losses. Many detoxification methods, including physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been established to eliminate mycotoxins in food/feed. The biological method, with mycotoxin detoxification by microorganisms, is reliable, efficient, less costly, and easy to use compared with physical and chemical ones. However, it is impor

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21

Wenbin, ZHOU, and QIU Baosheng. "Mechanisms for Heavy Metal Detoxification and Tolerance in Algae." Journal of Lake Sciences 16, no. 3 (2004): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/2004.0312.

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22

Shrivastava, Shilpa, Archana Shrivastav, and Jot Sharma. "Detoxification Mechanisms of Mercury Toxicity in Plants: A Review." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 01 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2015.01.196308.

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Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals present in the earth’s crust. It has been considered as environmental pollutant because of its potent toxicity to plants and humans. In this review, we discuss mercury toxicity responses on plant metabolism and its detoxification mechanism by phytochelatins and antioxidant enzymes. Some light is also shed on selenium antagonistic study with mercury. Due to its potential toxicity, it has attracted attention in fields of soil science and plant nutrition. Mercury has harmful toxic effects on the molecular and physiobiochemical behavior of plants. Most

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23

Barnes, D. M. "The Role of Diet in Modulating Gut Detoxification Mechanisms." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13, no. 1 (2004): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/13.1.120.

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24

Fernández-Fuego, D., A. Bertrand, and A. González. "Metal accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in mycorrhizal Betula pubescens." Environmental Pollution 231 (December 2017): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.072.

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25

Fox, Eben S., Peter Thomas, and Selwyn A. Broitman. "Hepatic mechanisms for clearance and detoxification of bacterial endotoxins." Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1, no. 12 (1990): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(90)90020-l.

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26

Kumar, Abhay, and Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad. "Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 166 (December 2018): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113.

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27

Tang, Bowen, Phillip L. Williams, Kathy S. Xue, Jia-Sheng Wang, and Lili Tang. "Detoxification mechanisms of nickel sulfate in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Chemosphere 260 (December 2020): 127627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127627.

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28

Xu, Weifeng, Weiming Shi, Feng Yan, Biao Zhang, and Jiansheng Liang. "Mechanisms of cadmium detoxification in cattail (Typha angustifolia L.)." Aquatic Botany 94, no. 1 (2011): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2010.11.002.

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29

Yan, Ge, Xingxiang Chen, Shiming Du, Zixin Deng, Lianrong Wang, and Shi Chen. "Genetic mechanisms of arsenic detoxification and metabolism in bacteria." Current Genetics 65, no. 2 (2018): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0894-9.

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30

Mugabo, Yves, Shangang Zhao, Julien Lamontagne та ін. "Mechanisms of Fuel Surfeit Detoxification in Pancreatic β-cells". Canadian Journal of Diabetes 37 (жовтень 2013): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.171.

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31

Cunha, V., M. M. Santos, P. Moradas-Ferreira, and M. Ferreira. "Simvastatin effects on detoxification mechanisms in Danio rerio embryos." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 11 (2016): 10615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6547-y.

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32

Kuzmich, Sandra, and Kenneth D. Tew. "Detoxification Mechanisms and Tumor Cell Resistance to Anticancer Drugs." Medicinal Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (1991): 185–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1098-1128.1991.tb00003.x.

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33

Aioub, Ahmed A. A., and Mohamed-Bassem Ali Ashour. "Editorial for the Special Issue “Detoxification Mechanisms in Insects”." Toxics 11, no. 8 (2023): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080691.

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34

Prodanchuk, M. G., G. M. Balan, N. V. Kurdil, P. G. Zhminko, and N. M. Bubalo. "Toxicologist`s opinion on the mechanisms of virus-induced hemoglobinopathies with toxic pneumonitis and systemic hypoxemia from COVID-19 and substantiation of rational detoxification methods." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 88, no. 1 (2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-88-1-5-22.

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Coronavirus disease COVID-19 is currently a global problem for humanity, becoming a pandemic. From the standpoint of toxicologists, there is a need to summarize the literature on the pathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the main clinical manifestations about COVID-19 and to justify ways to optimize treatment strategies using detoxification therapy. Purpose. Based on the analysis of literature data to identify pathogenetic mechanisms of the main clinical COVID-19 syndromes, to summarize the results of clinical and laboratory studies, clinical and hematological criteria for predicti

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35

Geng, Anjing, Wenli Lian, Xu Wang, and Guang Chen. "Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Arsenic Uptake, Transport, and Detoxification in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 11031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311031.

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Arsenic (As) is a metalloid environmental pollutant ubiquitous in nature that causes chronic and irreversible poisoning to humans through its bioaccumulation in the trophic chain. Rice, the staple food crop for 350 million people worldwide, accumulates As more easily compared to other cereal crops due to its growth characteristics. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying As uptake, transport, and detoxification in rice is of great significance to solving the issue of As bioaccumulation in rice, improving its quality and safety and protecting human

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36

Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann. "The current knowledge gap on metallothionein mediated metal-detoxification in Elasmobranchs." PeerJ 8 (November 2, 2020): e10293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10293.

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Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to environmental contamination, especially pollutants that may bioaccumulate and biomagnify, throughout the trophic web, such as metals. However, Elasmobranch management and conservation plans are challenging, and this group is often neglected regarding ecotoxicological analyses, particularly concerning metal detoxification mechanisms. This article discusses metallothionein (MT) mediated metal detoxification in Elasmobranchs and reflects on the current knowledge gap in this regard.

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37

Ye, Yang, Yan-Xia Shi, Qi Jiang, et al. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Silkworm Bombyx mori after Exposure to Lead." Animals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121822.

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Lead (Pb) is a major source of heavy metal contamination, and poses a threat to biodiversity and human health. Elevated levels of Pb can hinder insect growth and development, leading to apoptosis via mechanisms like oxidative damage. The midgut of silkworms is the main organ exposed to heavy metals. As an economically important lepidopteran model insect in China, heavy metal-induced stress on silkworms causes considerable losses in sericulture, thereby causing substantial economic damage. This study aimed to investigate Pb-induced detoxification-related genes in the midgut of silkworms using h

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38

Zhao, Guo-Yan, Jing-Yang Fan, Cheng-Pin Hua, et al. "Resveratrol improves fungal ribosylation capacity through a unique mechanism." RSC Advances 5, no. 8 (2015): 5657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12851f.

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39

Wen, Xiang, Kaiyang Feng, Juan Qin, et al. "A detoxification pathway initiated by a nuclear receptor TcHR96h in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 9 (2023): e1010911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010911.

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Understanding the mechanism of detoxification initiation in arthropods after pesticide exposure is crucial. Although the identity of transcription factors that induce and regulate the expression of detoxification genes in response to pesticides is beginning to emerge, whether transcription factors directly interact with xenobiotics is unclear. The findings of this study revealed that a nuclear hormone receptor, Tetranychus cinnabarinus hormone receptor (HR) TcHR96h, regulates the overexpression of the detoxification gene TcGSTm02, which is involved in cyflumetofen resistance. The nuclear trans

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40

Liu, Dangqing. "The Current Study and Potential Treatment of Drug Abuse." Theoretical and Natural Science 4, no. 1 (2023): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/4/20220578.

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It has been a long time since China started to strictly control drug transaction and usage. There are increasing compulsory detoxification institution, institutions to do voluntary de-toxification, and community drug treatment rehabilitation. These detoxification institutions implement medication detoxification, psychological detoxification, and doing moral & physical education, aiming at helping the rehabilitation personnel and reduce the relapse rate after getting treatment in the compulsory detoxification institution. To avoid reoccur-rence and suffering from a long-term imprisonment fo

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41

Lyagin, Ilya, and Elena Efremenko. "Enzymes for Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins: Origins and Mechanisms of Catalytic Action." Molecules 24, no. 13 (2019): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132362.

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Mycotoxins are highly dangerous natural compounds produced by various fungi. Enzymatic transformation seems to be the most promising method for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review summarizes current information on enzymes of different classes to convert various mycotoxins. An in-depth analysis of 11 key enzyme mechanisms towards dozens of major mycotoxins was realized. Additionally, molecular docking of mycotoxins to enzymes’ active centers was carried out to clarify some of these catalytic mechanisms. Analyzing protein homologues from various organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacte

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42

Rodríguez-Rojas, Fernanda, Paula S. M. Celis-Plá, Lorena Méndez, et al. "MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Involvement in the Regulation of Detoxification Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (2019): 4546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184546.

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Following the physiological complementary/parallel Celis-Plá et al., by inhibiting extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and cytokinin specific binding protein (p38), we assessed the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway in detoxification responses mediated by chronic copper (10 µM) in U. compressa. Parameters were taken at 6, 24, and 48 h, and 6 days (d). H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under copper and inhibition of ERK, JNK, or p38 alone increased but recovered by the sixth day. By blocking two or more MAPKs under copper, H2O2 and l

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43

Tang, Taotao, Min Liu, Ye Du, and Ying Chen. "Deciphering the internal mechanisms of ciprofloxacin affected anaerobic digestion, its degradation and detoxification mechanism." Science of The Total Environment 842 (October 2022): 156718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156718.

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44

Anastasis, Christou, Antoniou Chrystalla, Christodoulou Charalampia, et al. "Stress-related phenomena and detoxification mechanisms induced by common pharmaceuticals in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants." Science of the Total Environment 557–558 (March 31, 2016): 652–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.054.

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Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been recently shown to exert phytotoxic effects. The present study explores the uptake, systemic translocation, and abiotic stress responses and detoxification mechanisms induced by the exposure of alfalfa plants grown in sand under greenhouse conditions to four common, individually applied PhACs (10 μg L<sup>− 1</sup>) (diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, 17a-ethinylestradiol) and their mixture. Stress physiology markers (lipid peroxidation, proline, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and NO content, antioxidant activity as- says) and ge

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45

Saavedra-Rodriguez, Karla, Corey L. Campbell, Saul Lozano, et al. "Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti: Genomic variants that confer knockdown resistance, recovery, and death." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 6 (2021): e1009606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009606.

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Pyrethroids are one of the few classes of insecticides available to control Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Unfortunately, evolving mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations threaten our ability to control disease outbreaks. Two common pyrethroid resistance mechanisms occur in Ae. aegypti: 1) knockdown resistance, which involves amino acid substitutions at the pyrethroid target site—the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)—and 2) enhanced metabolism by detoxification enzymes. When a heterogeneous population of mosquitoes is exposed to

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46

Zhang, Xintong, Man Yang, Hui Yang, Ruiqi Pian, Jinxiang Wang, and Ai-Min Wu. "The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects." Cells 13, no. 11 (2024): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13110907.

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Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the

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47

Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill, Erick Nyakundi Ondari, Chukwuka U. Ogbonna, et al. "Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit." Foods 10, no. 6 (2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061279.

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Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are known to be toxic to humans and animals. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, patulin, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, ergot alkaloids, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, trichothecenes, Alternaria toxins, tremorgenic mycotoxins, fusarins, 3-nitropropionic acid, cyclochlorotine, sporidesmin, etc. These mycotoxins can pose several health risks to both animals and humans, including death. As several mycotoxins simultaneously occur in nature, especially in foods and feeds, the detoxification and/or total removal of mycotoxins remains challe

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48

Becker, Tobias, Jacques Pasteels, Christiane Weigel, Hans-Martin Dahse, Kerstin Voigt, and Wilhelm Boland. "A tale of four kingdoms – isoxazolin-5-one- and 3-nitropropanoic acid-derived natural products." Natural Product Reports 34, no. 4 (2017): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6np00122j.

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49

Qu, Linkai, Lei Wang, Hao Ji, et al. "Toxic Mechanism and Biological Detoxification of Fumonisins." Toxins 14, no. 3 (2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030182.

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Food safety is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Fumonisins are widely found in animal feed, feed raw materials, and human food. This can not only cause economic losses in animal husbandry but can also have carcinogenicity or teratogenicity and can be left in animal meat, eggs, and milk which may enter the human body and pose a serious threat to human health. Although there are many strategies to prevent fumonisins from entering the food chain, the traditional physical and chemical methods of mycotoxin removal have some disadvantages, such as an unstable effect, large nu

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50

Sharma, Deepika, Manish Tiwari, Deepika Lakhwani, Rudra Deo Tripathi, and Prabodh Kumar Trivedi. "Differential expression of microRNAs by arsenate and arsenite stress in natural accessions of rice." Metallomics 7, no. 1 (2015): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00264d.

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