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Journal articles on the topic 'Deut 28'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Lester, Mark. "Deuteronomy 28:58, CTH 53, and the Rhetoric of Self-Reference." Vetus Testamentum 70, no. 4-5 (March 6, 2020): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341414.

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Abstract This article revisits the long perceived referential difficulty in the phrase “this sēper” in Deut 28:58. It introduces phraseology drawn from the 14th century BCE Hittite treaty of Šuppiluliuma I with Tette of Nuḫašši (CTH 53) parallel to the expression “all the words of this sēper written in this tôrâ” (Deut 28:58). In light of this comparative evidence it argues that it is probable that “this sēper” had a self-referential function: the expression “this sēper” in Deut 28:58 indicates for audiences the material text-object on which the verse was written, and does not merely point to a text-object that exists within the world of the narrative. Finally, it considers the analogy of treaty performance to understand how the spatial relationship created between audiences and physical text-objects through deictic self-reference functions within the literary context of the Deuteronomic source.

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2

Weitzman, Steven. "Lessons from the Dying: The Role of Deuteronomy 32 in its Narrative Setting." Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 4 (October 1994): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000030194.

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If one can trust the testimony of modern biblical scholarship, the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32 is leading a double life. According to some, Deuteronomy 32 represents a lawsuit in which God summons witnesses to the stand (Deut 32:1), issues a formal indictment (Deut 32:15–18), takes an oath (Deut 32:40), and, finally, pronounces punishment (Deut 32:19–29). For others, Deuteronomy 32 represents a wisdom text that identifies itself as a teaching (Deut 32:2), chastises Israel for its intellectual shortcomings (Deut 32:6, 28), and repeatedly exhorts Israel to remember and understand (Deut 32:7, 29). Thus Deuteronomy 32 seems to have two literary identities: one as an act of indictment drawing on legal language; the other as an act of instruction belonging to the sphere of wisdom.

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3

Quick, Laura. "Averting Curses in the Law of War (Deuteronomy 20)." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 132, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2020-2001.

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AbstractThis essay explores the military exemption of Deut 20:5–7 in light of the futility curse in Deut 28:30. By uncovering the social and ritual contexts of the futility curse, I argue that Deut 20:5–7 can be productively understood as a warfare ritual against the curse. I explore the ritual dimensions of Deut 20:5–7 in light of rituals for avoiding curses and maledictions from the ancient Near East, arguing that the original Sitz im Leben of these verses can be found in a pre-war ritual responding to the hegemonic aims of enemies as this crystallized in the inscriptional and ritual contexts of ancient warfare.

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Finsterbusch, Karin. "Aufsummierte Tora." Journal of Ancient Judaism 2, no. 1 (May 6, 2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00201001.

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This article studies how the word Torah is used in the Pentateuch to designate a collection of laws. In Deuteronomy – originally an independent composition – “Torah” is used for the first time as a designation of a substantial collection of laws. When Deuteronomy was integrated into the Pentateuch this deuteronomic signification of “Torah” changed: According to Exod 24:12, God gives on Mt. Sinai to Moses. Based on the key terms and , the adressees of the Pentateuch could only understand this Sinai-Torah as refering to Exod 25:1–31:17; Lev 1–27; Deut 5:1b–26:16; the blessings and curses of Deut 28; and the song of Deut 32. The Torah containing these passages forms the basis of the covenant in Moab (Deuteronomy 29–30) and is written down by Moses according to Deut 31:9, 24. This “Moabite” Torah Book is placed in the Pentateuch next to the “Book of the Covenant” which is written down by Moses as well (Exod 24:7) and which provides the basis for the covenant formed on Mt. Sinai.

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Kislev, Itamar. "The Core of the Sacrificial Calendar in Num 28–29 and Its Compositional History." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 133, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2021-3003.

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Abstract To date, scholarly examination of the developed legal section in Numbers 28–29 has taken place in the context of its relationship to the Lev 23 festival calendar and other pentateuchal calendars (Exod 23:14–19; 34:18–26; Deut 16:1–17) and its place in the formation of the Pentateuch. Independent analysis of this unit has the ability to illuminate this unit’s formation, probably the product of a long editorial process, enables isolation of the stage at which it was integrated in its current context, and reveals the purpose underlying its integration.

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Lemański, Janusz. "(Post-)Deuteronomistic Prohibition of Transvestitism (Deut 22:5)? The Question of Its Actual Meaning and Motivations." Collectanea Theologica 90, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ct.2020.90.5.07.

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Deut 22:5 marks the single instance of a prohibition of transvestitism in the Bible, and in its whole cultural milieu. The context in which it is situated suggests that it may have been inserted there as an addition, after the Babylonian captivity. That helps to narrow down the range of speculations as to the original Sitz im Leben of the law, and enables us to read it most of all within the canonical framework of the entirety of the Pentateuch. Hence, the precept pertains mainly to the principle of division of the human nature into the two sexes (Gen 1–2), the principle of retaining the order of creation (by not mixing kinds; Lev 19:19; Deut 22:9–11), and of keeping the procreational power, referred to here predominantly to masculinity (Gen 5:1–3; cf. Gen 1:28; 9:1.7).

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7

Tilford, Nicole. "The Affective Eye." biblical interpretation 23, no. 2 (March 23, 2015): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00232a04.

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Scholars have debated whether the ancient Israelites believed in the evil eye. Biblical passages that mention a “bad eye” (Prov. 23:6; 28:22) or “to do bad with the eye” (Deut. 15:9; 28:54, 56) seem to suggest that such a belief existed in ancient Israel; however, some scholars have argued that such passages are simply idioms for greed or stinginess. This paper reexamines this issue. Drawing upon recent insights from cognitive linguistics, I argue that perception was commonly understood in ancient Israel as a means of positively and negatively affecting the environment and that it was this affective dimension of Israelite thought that prompted biblical writers to describe the character of an individual by his or her physical qualities.

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8

Reeder, Caryn A. "Pity the Women and Children: Punishment by Siege in Josephus’s Jewish War." Journal for the Study of Judaism 44, no. 2 (2013): 174–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12340375.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the neglected theme of suffering women and children in Josephus’s Jewish War. Women and children did suffer the effects of sieges in Greco-Roman antiquity, but historiographers also use the stories of their suffering to interpret warfare. Josephus participates in this tradition by using the imagery of suffering women and children to condemn the Jewish rebels, a presentation which is also influenced by Deut 28 and Lamentations. The warnings against rebellion in J.W. 2.237, 400, and 5.418 heighten the rhetorical power of this condemnation by offering the alternative of surrender for the sake of women and children.

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9

Heger, Paul. "The Seducer and the Rapist." Journal of Ancient Judaism 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2015): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00602005.

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The rule of Exod 22:15–16 refers unequivocally to an act of seduction and its legal ramifications. Its cognate rule in Deut 22:28–29 is regularly interpreted as referring to an act of rape and its legal ramifications. 11Q19 (11QTa) LXVI:8–11, however, integrates the two biblical decrees, applying the legal implications from Deuteronomy to the seducer. This paper examines the terms in the deuteronomic decree, demonstrating that they do not absolutely indicate violent rape; this, in turn, explains the Temple Scroll’s treatment of the text as referring to an act of seduction. A variety of practical differences result from the two disparate interpretations. Finally, the paper examines the conceptual distinctions between modern criminal law and ancient Israelite divine law.

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10

Malul, Meir. "What is the Nature of the Crime of the Delinquent Daughter in Deuteronomy 22:13-21? A Rejoinder to J. Fleishman's Suggestion." Vetus Testamentum 59, no. 3 (2009): 446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853309x435440.

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AbstractThe exact nature of the girl's crime in the law of the delinquent daughter in Deut 22:13-21 is examined, starting by a detailed critique of J. Fleishman's previous suggestion in this journal (vol. 58, pp. 191-210) to construe it in the light of the law of cursing the parents in Exod 21:17 and understand it as an innovation and restriction of the latter law. In his view, the girl's sin is tantamount to cursing her parents, which, like the sin of the glatton and drunkard son according to Deut 21: 18-21, meant the undermining of the parents' authority and status, for which both boy and girl deserved the death penalty. In the following critique, it is underlined that the girl's sin is, first, not one of omission but of commission, and, second, it is not against her parents but against her husband, who is also the one to initiate the legal proceedings. A new interpretation is suggested, according to which the girl's crime, defined in v. 21 as an act of and a deed of, consisted not only in concealing her previous loss of virginity from her husband, thus deceiving him and her parents, but also in duping her husband into committing a sin comparable to that of lying with a menstruating, and thus desolate, woman. Being deprived of virginity, and thus of the socially recognized status of a virgin, she became, like Tamar (2 Sam 13:20), “desolate, forlorn”, an unenviable state from which only her seducer/ravisher could redeem her (thus are the sense and goal of the laws of the seduced virgin in Exod 22:15-16 and Deut 22:28-29). Trying to dupe her husband into steping in and performing what custom and law dictated the other man—the seducer/ravisher—should have done, and thus to arrogate to herself a social status she did not deserve, was then tantamount to undermining social structure and striking at the fibers that constituted the essence and integrity of the social community (cf. Prov 30:21-23).

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11

Meiser, Martin. "The Translation of the Septuagint – Then and Now." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ress-2018-0004.

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Abstract The program of „translating faith” was also inherent to the coming-into-existence of the so-called Septuagint. Jews living in Egypt began to translate their holy texts for pedagogical needs. The awareness of Greek cultural superiority required efforts to demonstrate that Jewish culture is equally valuable. Because of the non-Jewish political rulership, Jews had to emphasize their loyalty (Ex. 22.27 [28]; Deut. 17.15); anti-Jewish oppression built the desire of liberation (Isa. 9.3). The translation of the Septuagint therefore includes elements of inculturation (e.g. Gen. 1.26; Ex. 3.14) and dissociation (e.g. Prov. 3.19). Common language (between Jews and non-Jews) did not refer to a common religious feeling; and differences of language (between the Jews in Egypt and the Jews in Israel) did not imply “confessional controversies”. The translation of holy texts into Greek is hence no direct model for shaping ecumenical relationships nowadays, but an appeal to an ethos of speaking, writing, and translating in one’s own way.

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12

Capes, David B. "Yhwh and His Messiah: Pauline Exegesis and the Divine Christ." Horizons in Biblical Theology 16, no. 1 (1994): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187122094x00079.

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AbstractIn Romans 9-11 Paul laments the status of unbelieving Jews and its resultant disjuncture with believing Jews and Gentiles now included in the people of God. He attempts to justify this astonishing, new situation by frequent appeals to God's plan revealed in scripture.1 Pivotal to his discussion is Rom 9:30-10:13 which describes why Israel had not yet attained God's righteousness revealed in Christ.2 Paul's discourse tracks carefully along the path of scriptural exegesis in allusions and comments on the Law (Lev 18:5; Deut 9:4; 30:12-14) and the Prophets (Isa 8:14; 28:16; Joel 3:5). Since it is generally acknowledged that this part of Paul's argument (9:30-10:21) is christocentric3, this article will explore how the apostle "reads" these texts and expands their meaning through christological reflection.4 Specifically, I will investigate Paul's exegetical methods and conclusions in Rom 9:30-10:13 and draw some implications for his understanding of Jesus.

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13

Myers, Alicia D. "Remember the greatest: Remaining in love and casting out fear in 1 John." Review & Expositor 115, no. 1 (February 2018): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637317752931.

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This article argues that the confusing admonition in favor of “love” and “casting out fear” in 1 John 4 is clarified when read in light of Deuteronomy and Leviticus. The commands to love God and love neighbor from Deut 6:4–5 and Lev 19:18b were ubiquitous in Second Temple Jewish contexts, and were a prominent part of Jesus’ teachings in the Gospels (Mark 12:29–31; Matt 22:37–40; Luke 10:27–28). Although often unrecognized, or at least unexplored, these Old Testament texts also influence the Gospel and Letters of John (e.g., John 5:39–47; 13:24–35; 1 John 4:16b–21). First John, in particular, can be read as an interpretation of Leviticus 19 that rearticulates and expands on traditions of Jesus’ instructions reflected in John 13–17. The author of 1 John uses these traditions to explain how the purifying blood of Jesus the Advocate enables believers to have boldness rather than fear. In this way, 1 John calls on believers to remain in the love who is God so that they can act with confident love regardless of the fear that threatens them.

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14

Stasiak, Sławomir. "Symbolika krwi a bezkrwawa dieta w Starym i Nowym Testamencie i jej wpływ na styl życia. Aspekty prawne." Ekonomia 24, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.2.

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The symbolism of blood and a bloodless diet in the Old and New Testament and its impact on lifestyle: Legal aspectsThe Old Testament prohibition of consuming blood Lev. 17:10–14 was dictated by the observation of the phenomenon of blood loss as a cause of death of a human being. Therefore, blood was considered to have life-giving power, the power of God Himself. Blood flowing in the veins of every creature was considered to be God’s property and was not allowed to be consumed, but it had to be poured out on the ground. In New Testament times, this prohibition was relativized, recommending only its preservation Acts 15:28–29. Since there are also religious groups today that demand that we refrain from the consumption of blood, we decided to study the issue based on the texts of the Old and New Testament, which contain information about blood and its symbolism, as well as the prohibition of its consumption. The methods of contextual analysis and historical-critical analysis were applied. As a result of these studies, it turned out that blood, especially in the Old Testament texts, has very extensive symbolism, which is why one can speak of the firstborn’s blood, substitute blood, blood of the Covenant. Blood also played a special role in the worship of Israel, especially in sacrificial offerings. This meaning is also found in the New Testament: “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” Heb. 9:22. In the Old Testament, there are a number of texts in which the prohibition of consumption of blood has been imposed see Gen. 9:4; Lev. 3:17; 7:26–27; Deut. 12:23, although refraining from eating meat in which blood would still be found is not always explicitlly mentioned. The most comprehensive information on this subject, along with the justification of the prohibition, is included in Leviticus 17:10–14. Such prohibitions resulted in a specific lifestyle, and even slaughtering of animals, which was the subject of a large-scale social discussion. We ask ourselves the question: Does this prohibition apply to today’s Hebrews, Christians, or other social groups for whom the Bible is a peculiar norm of conduct? While the positive answer undoubtedly concerns the followers of Judaism, the issue of Christians is not so obvious. This is indicated by the so-called Jerusalem Council: “you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell” Acts 15:28–29. Three facts are of crucial importance here. First, these clauses were disciplinary and not doctrinal. Second, they had limited territorial coverage see Acts 15:23. Third, one sentence is of particular significance in this context: “If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well” Acts 15:29, which indicates this was not a warrant for salvation, but a recommendation to facilitate the faithful’s life in mutual consent in a church made up of Christians of Jewish and pagan origin.

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15

مغربی, الهام. "التأصیل الاسلامی للتقویم التربوی فی ضوء توجیهات آیات سورة القصص من ایة (22-28 )." دراسات فى التعلیم الجامعى 29, no. 29 (January 1, 2015): 137–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/deu.2015.19355.

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16

Shao, Lan, Liren Liu, and Guoqiang Li. "Solid state cellular two-layer fuzzy logic image processor." Journal of Optics 28, no. 4 (August 1997): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/28/4/001.

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17

Ilat, Ventje, Novi Swandari Budiarso, and Heince Rudy Nicky Wokas. "TRUST VALUE OF A DIVIDEND : AN EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." ACCOUNTABILITY 8, no. 01 (June 30, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.24279.8.01.2019.17-28.

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Even though there are many issues surrounding dividend policy, dividend remains one of the main goals for investors to achieve. The aim of this study is to find out determinants of dividend policy in Indonesia. Most of the samples in observed period have varieties of dividend policies. Data for this study was collected from 258 business entities in the period between 2009 and 2012. For hypotheses testing, a binary logistic regression and factor analysis were used. The result from binary logistic regression showed that share price, earnings per share and current ratio are significant factors for dividend policy, while debt to equity ratio and corporate tax are insignificant. The insignificance of debt and tax was probably due to current ratio affected by accounting adjustments. Even though debt and tax are insignificant, they could not be ignored. Using factor analysis, it is confirmed that, most companies in this study have a similar objective through dividend policy, which is to maximize their share value in the stock market by considering profitability and liquidity on cash availability and also debt and tax. Dividends as a form of “trust value” offered by companies to their shareholders stimulate the trust of investors or shareholders and resulting the increase of share price. Keywords : dividend policy, share price, corporate tax, current ratio, earnings per share, debt equity ratio

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18

Prakash, Shashi, and Chandra Shakher. "Spatial filtering using two thick phase transmission hololenses." Journal of Optics 28, no. 2 (April 1997): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/28/2/004.

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19

Xia, G., Z. Wu, G. Liu, and J. Chen. "Analytical descriptions of the transient characteristics of two-contact bistable diode lasers." Journal of Optics 28, no. 3 (June 1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/28/3/006.

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Ilat, Ventje, Novi Swandari Budiarso, and Heince Rudy Nicky Wokas. "TRUST VALUE OF A DIVIDEND : AN EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." ACCOUNTABILITY 8, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.23356.8.1.2019.17-28.

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Even though there are many issues surrounding dividend policy, dividend remains one of the main goals for investors to achieve. The aim of this study is to find out determinants of dividend policy in Indonesia. Most of the samples in observed period have varieties of dividend policies. Data for this study was collected from 258 business entities in the period between 2009 and 2012. For hypotheses testing, a binary logistic regression and factor analysis were used. The result from binary logistic regression showed that share price, earnings per share and current ratio are significant factors for dividend policy, while debt to equity ratio and corporate tax are insignificant. The insignificance of debt and tax was probably due to current ratio affected by accounting adjustments. Even though debt and tax are insignificant, they could not be ignored. Using factor analysis, it is confirmed that, most companies in this study have a similar objective through dividend policy, which is to maximize their share value in the stock market by considering profitability and liquidity on cash availability and also debt and tax. Dividends as a form of “trust value” offered by companies to their shareholders stimulate the trust of investors or shareholders and resulting the increase of share price.

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21

김성원. "A Critical Analysis on Yuval Harari's "Homo Deus"." Studies in Systematic Theology 28, no. ll (June 2018): 42–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31777/sst.28..201806.002.

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22

Bastien, D., N. Villeneuve, M. M. Grandtner, and C. Gervais. "Analysis of the lichen communities of two differently die back-affected plots in a maple forest stand near Québec city, Canada." Phytocoenologia 28, no. 2 (June 23, 1998): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/28/1998/285.

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23

Holechek, Jerry L. "Changing Western Landscapes, Debt, and Oil: A Perspective." Rangelands 28, no. 4 (August 2006): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2006)28[28:cwldao]2.0.co;2.

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24

Rossi, Luiz Alexandre, and Ailto Martins. "AS RELAÇÕES DE PODER, VIOLÊNCIA, OPRESSÃO EM JEREMIAS 5,26-28." PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 9, no. 20 (November 3, 2018): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2018.v9n20.p023-034.

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A presente pesquisa analisa as relações de poder, violência e opressão baseado no profeta Jeremias no texto 5.26-28. O artigo apresenta esses elementos sob duas perspectivas. Primeiramente, a denúncia contra os criminosos e a armadilha usada por eles para enganar o povo; e, em seguida, os meios e os resultados da injustiça contra os órfãos e o pobre. Destaca-se a denúncia do profeta Jeremias contra os pecados dos governantes, que usavam o poder político, religioso e social para oprimir, roubar e matar as pessoas indefesas da sociedade judaica. Com isso, disseminavam a corrupção e, consequentemente a injustiça. O objetivo desses líderes com essas atitudes visava o lucro fácil e o enriquecimento ilícito. Por isso, o caos moral e ético se instalou entre o povo de Deus. Por essa razão, o profeta se levanta neste contexto de depravação e corrupção para anunciar o julgamento divino, por meio da justiça de Deus. A profecia anunciava o juízo, mas também a promessa de restauração por meio do arrependimento e da conversão de Israel. Referente à fundamentação teórica, a pesquisa apresenta, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, diversos comentários de teóricos especialistas, que discutiram e refletiram as principais ideias e conceitos da respectiva temática. Por conseguinte, os resultados da pesquisa visam proporcionar ao estudante, uma compreensão apurada da denúncia profética do profeta Jeremias na referida perícope.

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25

Yudin, G. "The Moral Nature of Debtand the Making of Responsible Debtor." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2015): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-3-28-45.

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The significance of debt relations is constantly growing in the present-day world, so do economic problems related to debt. Credit relationships on market are usually treated as morally neutral despite the fact that debt generates a number of moral contradictions. This paper suggests an understanding of debt that draws on the anthropological theory of gift. It enables to expose the moral content of the utilitarian market exchange as compared to gift exchange and to differentiate between various forms of debt. This approach is used for analyzing consumer credit and for demonstrating that debtor’s behavior is paradoxically determined by striving to avoid the moral obligations of debt. The main moral imperatives are indicated that govern consumer credit - independence and necessity, calculativeness and quantification. This article demonstrates that making the borrower responsible for growing debt makes credit burden increasing rather than restraints it.

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Rossokhin, Vladimir, and Elena Ryabova. "The Choice Between Public and Private Debt by Russian Companies at Different Stages of the Life Cycle." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 14, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.14.1.2020.20-28.

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The problems of formation of the company’s capital structure to date have already been studied well. A large number of theoretical papers and empirical studies devoted to this issue have been published. However, managers are confronted not only with the question of the optimal balance between equity and debt capital, but also with the choice of debt structure in the presence of several of its sources, such as public and private debt. This is a new paradigm in corporate finance. On the one hand, companies are not always ready to issue listed securities at the initial stages of their activity. On the other hand, raising funds in open markets has several advantages. With the help of public debt, one can attract a sufficiently large amount of financial resources with a lower cost in comparison with private borrowing. At the same time, as a rule, the public debt is not secured by the assets in the proper amount. According to the author’s opinion, in dealing with this question, companies can take into account not only the current state of the company and its financial indicators, but also the stages of the life cycle, since each of them has its own development features. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether life cycle stages and other financial indicators of a company affect the choice of a source of borrowed capital (private or public debt), thereby to contribute to the development of this research direction. The objects of study are Russian companies. In the empirical part of the study, the binary choice model had been applied. The sample size is 1,818 companies, the financial statements for three years were used. The stages of the organization’s life cycle were calculated by the method of V. Dickinson. A number of control variables were also included in the model. The results of empirical analysis indicate that the company decides to issue public debt, regardless of the stage of the life cycle. This allows us to conclude that the company, when conceptually resolving the question about the structure of borrowed capital, relies on economic indicators such as profitability, size of the company, structure of assets and financial leverage. Understanding this fact can also help potential investors in making investment decisions to form conservative portfolios.

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Mokrenko, Eugeny Vladimirovich, and Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov. "Assessment of efficacy in treatment of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the parodont smooth tissue with tooth pastes according to oxidative status indexes in rats." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf13324-28.

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A rat model of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue by means of administration of 2 % formaldehyde water solution into the smooth parodont tissues was described. The oxidative status of rats including lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes was assessed because of their high sensitivity to inflammation process. The lipid peroxidation indexes (malonic dialdehyde and dienic conjugates level) were 2-3-fold higher in the blood serum and parodont tissue in 7 days after inflammation beginning. The system of antioxidant defense (recovered glutatione level and activity of superoxide dismutase) was more sensitive in comparison with lipid peroxidation. The recovered glutation content in the blood serum was decreased from 2.02 ± 0.09 till 0.88 ± 0.21 µM/ml, and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced from 0.78 ± 0.10 till 0.28 ± 0.04 А/mg protein, that was these indexes were decreased in 2.5-3 times. The same regularity was observed in the smooth tissues of the parodont. The recovered glutation level was decreased in 2.1 times and superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in 7 times. Therefore, the curative and prevention action of tooth pastes and stomatologic drugs could be assessed with this model of inflammation. In particular, the tooth pastes lesmin-dent > clamin-dent > zhemchug (in order of descending activity) attenuate or abolish signs of inflammatory and degenerative damages of the smooth parodont tissue in rats assessed on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system indexes.

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Romero, J., J. A. Garcia, E. Valero, and J. L. Nieves. "Measurements of the spectral modulation sensitivity function for two normal observers with CRT monitors." Journal of Optics 28, no. 5 (October 1997): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0150-536x/28/5/004.

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Fry, Maxwell J. "Foreign debt instability: an analysis of national saving and domestic investment responses to foreign debt accumulation in 28 developing countries." Journal of International Money and Finance 8, no. 3 (September 1989): 315–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(89)90001-6.

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Weber, Cometta, Blanc, and Leyvraz. "Review of Infected Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties - Presentation of 28 Cases." Swiss Surgery 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.6.6.335.

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Cette étude est une analyse à long terme d'un groupe de patients porteurs d'une prothèse de la hanche ou du genou infectée. Nous avons sélectionné 28 patients avec une infection de prothèse (22 hanches, 6 genoux) documentée par l'identification d'une bactérie. Au moment du diagnostic et à la revue (en moyenne 46 mois après la fin du traitement), nous avons évalué le tableau clinique et l'aspect radiologique de l'articulation atteinte, ainsi que les paramètres biologiques. 19/28 patients avaient un tableau clinique sans équivoque, tandis que 9 présentaient un tableau clinique douteux. Les traitements se résument en 14 changements de prothèse en deux-temps, 7 ablations simples de prothèse, 5 traitements conservateurs et 2 changements de prothèse en un-temps. A la revue, 25 patients sont considérés comme guéris de leur infection et 3 comme échec. Sur le plan fonctionnel, 9 patients ne présentent pas de limitation, tandis que 19 sont limités dans leur activité quotidienne. La moitié des patients ne souffre d'aucune douleur. Du point de vue radiologique, 20/26 patients évalués ne montrent pas de signe de récidive. Les examens paracliniques sont importants pour diagnostiquer les infections à bas-bruits, en particulier la mise en évidence d'une bactérie par des prélèvements pré-opératoires (ponction articulaire, frottis de fistule). Malgré la guérison de l'infection, les séquelles fonctionnelles et douloureuses sont souvent non négligeables. En fonction de l'expérience acquise, nous préconisons une prise en charge chirurgicale en deux-temps. Ce n'est que lorsque l'état général du malade l'interdit ou que l'infection n'est pas sous contrôle que nous envisageons un traitement alternatif (arthrodèse, girdelstone, consevateur).

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Vanderaspoilden, V. "N - 28 Comparaison de deux méthodes d’évaluation des processus contrôlés au sein d’épreuves mnésiques." Revue Neurologique 163, no. 4 (April 2007): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90613-x.

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Folliet, G. "«(Deus) omnia cooperatur in bonum», Rom. 8, 28. Les citations du verset chez Augustin." Sacris Erudiri 37 (January 1997): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.se.2.303815.

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Lima da Silva, Francisca Carolina. "A morte de deus e a ascenção do homem: uma análise da religião judaico-cristã moderna a partir da obra de José Saramago." Letras Escreve 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18468/letras.2018v8n3.p15-28.

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<p>Uma das temáticas predominantes na obra de José Saramago é a releitura e a intertextualidade com as escrituras sagradas que compõem os evangelhos do judaísmo-cristão. Essa prática se constrói a partir de uma desconstrução das narrativas bíblicas e de uma leitura subversiva de alguns dos preceitos que fundaram o ideário ocidental. Ateu convicto, nessas inversões antirreligiosas, Saramago, ao mesmo tempo em que questiona crenças inabaláveis, apresenta-nos a desmistificação da História oficial, a partir de uma visão humanizadora dos episódios bíblicos. Dentro desse diálogo, uma das principais subversões que o autor realiza é a inversão de papéis entre Deus e o homem: enquanto este, através da figura de Jesus Cristo, assume as funções sagradas de Deus, (principalmente a de ser a medida de todas as coisas), aquele corporifica qualidades tipicamente humanas, comprovando, para o autor, sua ineficiência enquanto entidade superior. Este artigo propõe supor que Saramago materializa a perspectiva do Cristianismo moderno em sua obra, através da adoção da ideia filosófica da morte cultural de Deus, por meio da humanização e do desvendamento do caráter cruel e sanguinário dessa personagem. Para tanto, faremos uso dos postulados da Literatura Comparada para proceder nossa análise, utilizando também os conceitos que definem a paródia. Nosso cotejamento se dá acerca da estrutura de composição dos textos bíblicos e da possibilidade de tratamento de tais escritos sob uma perspectiva literária. </p>

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د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود, د. محمود بن عبدالله المحمود. "Associate professor of applied linguistics Applied Linguistics Dept., Arabic Linguistics Inst., King Saud University." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 13 (May 7, 2020): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-13.7.

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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the concern of the Arabic language is reflected in the Saudi language policy, which is displayed in all aspects of decisions, programs, projects and public life. The Kingdom’s development process has facilitated significant improvements at all levels, which enhances the need for continuous review of the language policy to ensure that it is achieving its goals. The current study seeks to discuss Saudi language policy in general, with a specific focus on Arabic language decisions, by utilizing an integrated approach, consisting of questionnaire and interview with a sample of administrative leaders in the Kingdom. The study seeks to discuss the ideology underlying Saudi language policy, as well as views on its nature, effectiveness, impact and implementation challenges; it also proposes a framework to build a Saudi language policy aimed at preserving previous achievements and achieving future aspirations. The study demonstrates the existence of social, cultural and linguistic ideologies that support the policies related to the Arabic language, such as considering it as a basic component of the political entity, a major part of the national identity; it also identifies concern for Arabic in the linguistic landscape, along with its centrality in the educational system, and the keenness of linguistic purification. The results also showed the participants’ agreement on the clarity of the decisions on language, as well as its comprehensiveness, need for development, and the extent to which individuals and institutions exhibit a weak awareness of it. Also, it reveals the existence of some problems that prevent its implementation, which are related to the decisions themselves, the procedural processes, or the administrative institutions. The study also provides suggested methodological recommendations to build the desired language policy, which proceeds from a research base and builds on current achievements.

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Bussiere, Matthieu, Marcel Fratzscher, and Winfried Koeniger. "Uncertainty and Debt-Maturity in Emerging Markets." Topics in Macroeconomics 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1534-5998.1348.

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Although a lot has been written on the link between debt maturity and financial crises, it remains puzzling why the private sector in emerging market economies holds such a large share of short-term debt in the presence of substantial macroeconomic risk. To understand this phenomenon, we propose a simple model in which debt maturity depends on economic uncertainty about investment returns. We show in particular that if lenders are risk averse, higher uncertainty can (i) lower the total debt level a country is able to borrow and (ii) tilt the debt profile towards short-term debt. We take these model implications to the data using a panel of 28 emerging market economies and various indicators for macroeconomic uncertainty. We find substantial empirical support for the model's predictions.

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Garnier, Florent. "Deux représentants millavois en mission à Paris (2 octobre 1439-28 février 1440, n. s.)." Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale 116, no. 246 (2004): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/anami.2004.2841.

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37

Teja, Adrian. "TAX RATE AND NON-DEBT TAX SHIELD." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36226/jrmb.v4i2.261.

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Firm can minimize their tax obligation by debt tax shield and non-debt tax shield (NDTS). However, research findings on how firm treat debt tax shield and NDTS, as a substitute or as a complement, remain inconclusive. This paper objective is to provide evidence on how firm usage of NDTSchange when tax rates change in Indonesia. Multivariate regression analysis performed with NDTSas dependent variable and tax rates change and debt level as independent variable. Multivariate regression analysis covering 73 Indonesia firms with 146 observations for the period of year 2008 to year 2010. Within this period, Indonesia corporate tax rate being reduce twice from 30% in 2008 to 28% in 2009 and 25% in 2010. This research find when tax rates is decrease, public firm increase their usage of NDTSwith a lag of one year and debt financing remain increased alongside with non-debt tax shield. This finding provide support to debt tax shield and NDTSas a complement.

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38

Visaria, Sujata. "Legal Reform and Loan Repayment: The Microeconomic Impact of Debt Recovery Tribunals in India." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.59.

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In 1993, the Indian government introduced debt recovery tribunals to speed up the resolution of debt recovery claims larger than a threshold. This paper exploits the staggered introduction of tribunals across states and the link between overdues and claim size to implement a differences-in-differences strategy on project loan data. It finds that the tribunals reduced delinquency for the average loan by 28 percent. They also lowered the interest rates charged on larger loans, holding constant borrower quality. This suggests that the speedier processing of debt recovery suits can lower the cost of credit. (JEL G21, K41, O16, O17)

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Raitz, Ricardo, Patrizia Dubinskas Moruzzi, Glauco Vieira, and Marlene Fenyo-Pereira. "Radiopacity of 28 Composite Resins for Teeth Restorations." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 2 (2016): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1816.

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ABSTRACT Aim Radiopacity is a fundamental requisite to check marginal adaptation of restorations. Our objective was to assess the radiopacity of 28 brands of light-cured composite resins and compare their radiopacity with that of enamel, dentin, and aluminum of equivalent thickness. Materials and methods Composite resin disks (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mm) were radiographed by the digital method, together with an aluminum penetrometer and a human tooth equivalent tooth section. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used for comparison of the mean thickness of each material. Results All of the materials tested had an equal or greater radiopacity than that of aluminum of equivalent thickness. Similar results for enamel were found with the exception of Durafill, which was less radiopaque than enamel (p < 0.05). All the specimens were more radiopaque than dentin, except for P90 (which was equally radiopaque) and Durafill (which was less radiopaque). The thickness of the specimens may influence the similarity to the enamel's radiopacity. All of the composite resins comply with specification #27 of the American Dental Association. The radiopacity of Amelogen Plus, Aph, Brilhiante, Charisma, Concept Advanced, Evolux X, Exthet X, Inten S, Llis, Master Fill, Natural Look, Opallis, P60, Tetric, Tph, Z100, and Z250 was significantly higher than that of enamel (p < 0.05). Conclusion With these composites, it is possible to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, thus allowing clinicians to establish the presence of microleakage or restoration gap. Clinical significance Suitable radiopacity is an essential requisite for good-quality esthetic restorative materials. We demonstrate that only some composites have the sufficient radiopacity to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, which is the main cause of restoration failure. How to cite this article Raitz R, Moruzzi PD, Vieira G, Fenyo- Pereira M. Radiopacity of 28 Composite Resins for Teeth Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):136-142.

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40

Rutkowski, Jerzy. "THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN POLAND ACCORDING TO THE NEW RULES OF LIMITING DEBT – THE MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE Abstract: The article presents some evidence for the introduction in 2014 of new rules limiting debt of local governments. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the financial results of each group of local governments indicates that the financial situation of some local governments is difficult. The highest back financing possibilities have regional administrative structures. Other groups of local governments have limited possibilities of debt, in the most difficult situation are districts which do not have the possibility of further indebtedness. Keywords: public debt, central government, local governments, debt limits." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia 2015, no. 77 (November 30, 2015): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2015.77-28.

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41

Harris, Geoff. "Military Expenditure, Arms Imports and Third World Debt During the 1980s." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 7, no. 1 (January 1996): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9600700105.

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One of the ‘costs’ of military imports and military expenditures by developing countries occurs to the extent that these are financed by incurring foreign debt. This article estimates that, for 61 severely and moderately indebted developing countries, military imports during the 1980s were equivalent to about 28% of new foreign debt incurred. When military expenditures as a whole are examined, the proportion is around 77%. Had these countries made no military expenditures during the 1980s, they could have borrowed very little and/or allocated far more of the borrowed resources to productive purposes, thus making future debt servicing burdens much lighter and/or easier to meet.

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Vértesy, László. "Debt Management Strategies of Local Governments in the EU." Pro Publico Bono - Magyar Közigazgatás 8, no. 1 (2020): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32575/ppb.2020.1.8.

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A considerable part of public debt originates from the budgetary practices of local governments: this amounted to nearly 850 billion euros, which was 6.7% of the EU-28’s general government gross debt in 2018. This paper briefly presents the magnitude and relevance of local government debt at a national level, then it outlines the effective debt management strategies taking a multi-level governance approach. Four debt management categories can be classified: changing the conditions, repayment strategies, additional resources and, finally, state intervention. Unfortunately, there are no good/best practices for the first two methods. For additional resources, in some Mediterranean and Scandinavian countries, state or local government-owned specialised financial institutions were established, while in other European countries, the state pays the bailout or consolidation by overtaking the unsustainable local debts. In most cases, only the direct and/or indirect state intervention methods were proven to be successful solutions.

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Washington, James. "A IDEIA DE JUSTIÇA E O PENTECOSTALISMO ASSEMBLEIANO NO BRASIL." Último Andar, no. 34 (December 27, 2019): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1980-8305.2019i34p12-28.

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Este artigo busca trabalhar de maneria teórica o conceito de justiça em John Rawls e Charles Taylor, entendendo este conceito, dentro da observância aos príncipios liberais da liberdade, igualdade e pluralidade. Diante disso, elencamos questões como consenso sobreposto, véu de ignorância e reconhecimento, como categorias chave para a nossa análise. Este tema guarda em si mesmo uma importância nos debates sobre o funcionamento da democracia contemporãnea, sem deixar de lado as implicações empíricas, trazendo com isso reflexões sobre a realidade brasileira. O caso brasileiro é apresentado com vista ao papel das igrejas pentecostais neste processo democrático liberal, em especial, colocamos o papel das Assembleias de Deus, bem como a luta travada entre as perpectivas religiosas e laicistas no mesmo cenário brasileiro.

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44

Gyssels, Kathleen. "Introduction: Léon-Gontran Damas (28 mars 1912 - 22 janvier 1978), quarante-deux ans après sa « Disparition »." Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071039ar.

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45

Jeangène Vilmer, J. B. "Lamartine: les deux vices du gouvernement temporel de la papauté dans l’article du 28 octobre 1847." Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique 99, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 627–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rhe.3.76.

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46

Yamada, Tomoaki. "Ricœur face la mort: L’attitude agnostique et ses ramifications dans l’œuvre posthume de Vivant jusqu’à la mort." Estudos de Religião 35, no. 1 (June 16, 2021): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/2176-1078/er.v35n1p5-28.

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Dans le second document d’archive, « La mort », de Vivant jusqu’à la mort deux lignes de réflexion sur l’imaginaire de la survie sont particulièrement développées. L’une est approfondie le concept de détachement parfait, qui peut permettre de mener à son terme le « travail de deuil » sans céder à l’imaginaire des morts qu’exprime habituellement la survie. Ricœur rate cette voie jusqu’à la mise en exergue d’un transfert à autrui de l'amour de la vie. La transmission de la vie passe alors par la « trace écrite », laissée comme témoignage aux autres-les survivants- d’un ayant été. La seconde ligne est celle du détachement imparfait. Ricœur insiste alors sur la « mémoire de Dieu », à travers l’expression « Dieu se souvient de moi », énoncée au présent éternel du souci de Dieu. Une reformulation au futur - « Dieu se souviendra de moi » - introduirait le risque d’une forme d’hypocrisie par projection imaginaire, ou bien d’une inauthentique « consolation ». La « mémoire de Dieu » reste la schématisation du présent éternel du souci du divin. Elle justifie l’existence humaine par la grâce. Ces deux lignes pour penser l’imaginaire de la survie - les détachements parfait et imparfait seraient un exemple de la mise en pratique d’une attitude agnostique dans la philosophie de Ricœur. Pour les mettre en lumière, la présente recherche souhaite mettre en regard l’influence de Whitehead et de Process Theology de Charles Hartshorne dans les dernières pensées ricœriennes

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Ganbayar, Gunbileg. "Analysis of External Debt Sustainability in Mongolia: an Estimated DSGE Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158545.

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In this study, we assess the effects of the structural shocks on the external debt sustainability in Mongolia, based on an estimated small open economy (SOE) dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with the traded, the non-traded, and the mining sectors. The impulse response results show that the traded sector’s productivity shock, the commodity price shock, the mining output shock, and the foreign interest-rate shock have a decreasing effect on external debt accumulation in Mongolia, whereas the non-traded sector’s productivity shock, the household preference shock, and the government spending shock have an increasing effect on the same. Furthermore, we assess Mongolia’s external debt sustainability under the COVID−19 pandemic shock. Under our assumed pandemic scenario, Mongolia’s external debt will increase by 30% from its steady state over the next 10–28 quarters. Our recommended solution in this study is to develop the traded sector, instead of the mining sector, to maintain sustainability of the external debt and to decrease vulnerability of the economy.

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Baloro, John. "African Responses to the Debt Crisis: The Relevance of Public International Law." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 24, no. 1 (1991): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1991-1-28.

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49

Rahman, S. M. Mizanur, Serajum Munira, and M. Amzad Hossain. "PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ARIAL PARTS OF Cleome rutidosperma DC PLANT." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 20, 2010): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21606.

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Two new compounds were identified as 2-ethyl-cyclohex-2-ene-6-hydroxy-methylene-1-carboxylic acid and 3b-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, respectively, from the petroleum ether extracts of Cleome rutidosperma plant. These two constituents is the first time occurrence in this plant. The structures of the two different type of compounds are elucidated with the help of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, DEPT 90, DEPT 135 and mass spectral data. Keywords: Cleome rutidosperm DC; isolation; spectral analysis

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Bleckwedel, Jan. "Einen Auftrag zurückgeben." supervision 38, no. 4 (September 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/1431-7168-2020-4-28.

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Supervisoren*innen beanspruchen keine operative Macht, andererseits tragen sie, als unabhängige Instanz, eine besondere Verantwortung für die Einhaltung fachlicher und ethischer Standards. Bei gravierenden Unstimmigkeiten können sie einen Auftrag zurückzugeben. Der Artikel schildert in einer fiktiven Erzählung die Geschichte einer solchen Rückgabe und erörtert dabei Themen von Macht und Ohnmacht, professioneller Courage und professioneller Demut.

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