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Academic literature on the topic 'Deutérium – Isotopes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Deutérium – Isotopes"
Ngatcha, B. Ngounou, J. Mudry, J. F. Aranyossy, E. Naah, and J. Sarrot Reynault. "Apport de la géologie, de l’hydrogéologie et des isotopes de l’environnement à la connaissance des «nappes en creux» du Grand Yaéré (Nord Cameroun)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2007): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014905ar.
Full textTeles, Danilo R. Sá, Antônio Expedito G. de Azevedo, Alexandre B. Costa, Maria R. Zucchi, and Alexandre A. Ferreira. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FORMATION WATERS FROM OIL FIELDS IN THE SERGIPE BASIN, BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v32i3.507.
Full textDugandzic, I., H. J. Bauer, and S. M. Filipek. "Reversed isotope effect at formation of hydride/deutéride of Ni-30at.%Cu in high pressure H2/D2atmosphere." High Pressure Research 4, no. 1-6 (April 1990): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957959008246166.
Full textHolko, Ladislav, Michal Dóša, Juraj Michalko, and Martin Šanda. "Isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium in precipitation in Slovakia / Izotopy kyslíka-18 A deutéria v zrážkach na Slovensku." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-012-0023-2.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Deutérium – Isotopes"
Hodille, Etienne. "Etude de l'implantation du deutérium dans les composés face au au plasma constituants du tokamak ITER." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4065.
Full textDuring ITER operation, important flux of Hydrogen Isotopes (HIs) constituting the fuel interact with the plasma facing components (PFC) of the machine. In the case of tungsten (W) making the divertor which is the most exposed area to the plasma wall interaction, the incident flux can be implanted and diffuse inside the bulk material inducing a trapping of the fuel. To safety issue, the tritium inventory retained in ITER’s PFC is limited. In addition, the outgassing of the fuel during plasma operation can impact the edge plasma control.The aim of this PhD project is first to determined relevant trapping parameters of the fuel in W (detrapping energies/temperatures and trap concentrations) by modelling experimental results. The simulations of experimental results shows that under specific condition, the HI implantation can induce the formation of mono-vacancies containing impurities. In addition to this induced trap, 2 intrinsic traps are present in W. This 3 traps retain HIs up to 700 K. Finally, it has been shown that the damaged W by heavy ions or neutrons contains dislocations, dislocation loops and cavities that can trap HIs up to 1000 K.After determining the fuel retention properties of W, the HIs retention during ITER operation is estimated. During this operation, the PFC temperature reaches around 1000 K so the simulations show that the damaged W retains much more HIs than the undamaged W
Giraudet, Maxence. "Coadsorption de l’hydrogène et du deutérium sur zéolithes à températures cryogéniques : effet des propriétés de l’adsorbant sur la sélectivité." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK007.
Full textThe adsorption of hydrogen and deuterium (single gases and mixtures) was studied on a series of zeolites with varied parameters (Si/Al ratio, nature of the charge-compensating cation, pore geometry and diameter of pore aperture). Thermodynamic adsorption selectivities towards deuterium with respect to hydrogen were measured in a large pressure range (0.1 – 1000 hPa) and for several temperatures (45 – 100 K). The adsorption selectivity was assessed using direct coadsorption measurements performed by manometry coupled with mass spectrometry. For all studied zeolites and experimental conditions, the coadsorption process is selective towards deuterium, in agreement with the literature. However, the adsorption selectivity depends on the loading, the sorbent’s properties and the temperature. We have found that the coadsorption kinetics strongly influences the adsorption selectivity, especially at high loading. This work gives the guidelines for the choice of the formulation of materials and the optimal operating conditions for having an efficient separation of hydrogen isotopes using zeolite-based adsorbents
Le, Grand Flore. "Le signal de référence ERETIC pour la mesure par RMN du deutérium en abondance naturelle : application aux arômes." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2041.
Full textIn the present dissertation we developed a methods for a thermodynamical analysis and control of a synthesis of new materials in a solid state. We based it on the abilities of the irreversible processes thermodynamics and on the experimental analysis techniques (such as DSC-TG, XRD, SEM, etc. ). We applied that methods to two kinds of problems with a practical application: i) the LiCoPO4 synthesis; and ii) the PdSe2, PdTe2 and PtTe2 phase transitions under high pressure. Thanks to our study we prepared a pure LiCoPO4 with average particle size of 0. 5µm. Moreover, we got the ability to prognosticate its particle size, obtained in a random thermal regime. Concerning the second problem we found the phase transition order under high pressure of the PdSe2, the PdTe2 and the PtTe2: first order one and no phase transition respectively. We also explored the phases stabilities in respect of pressure and temperature
Sancho, Alain. "Mesure par résonance magnétique nucléaire du fractionnement isotopique de l'hydrogène : application à l'étude des voies métaboliques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT033G.
Full textBenchekroun, Youssef. "Effets isotopiques métaboliques induits par la deutération : application au métabolisme in vitro de la caféine et de ses deutéroisotopomères." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T179.
Full textTremoy, Guillaume. "Etude de la composition isotopique (deutérium et oxygène 18) de la vapeur d'eau à Niamey (Niger) : vers une meilleure compréhension des processus atmosphériques en Afrique de l'Ouest." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0057.
Full textWater stable isotopes are a useful tool to investigate past and present-day atmospheric water cycle. If the isotopic composition (δ18O, δD) of tropical precipitation is strongly affected by convective processes at different timescales, large uncertainties remain in the understanding of its variabilty, since a variety of factors can control δ, from local to large-scale processes. One way to better understand the atmospheric controls on the isotopic composition of precipitation is to monitor that of the water vapor in parallel. The goal of this thesis is to monitor continuously for the first time the near-surface water vapor isotopic composition in the Sahel region, and second to study what is the added value of such measurements for investigating the atmospheric water cycle of the West African Monsoon. First, we present our measurement protocol, through several experimental results conducted in laboratory. We have set up a commercially available laser instrument in Niamey (Niger) and monitored the isotopic composition of water vapor during more than two years. Then, we present and discuss the data, through several temporal scales of variability. We show that the water vapor isotopic composition is strongly impacted by convection during the monsoon period, and large-scale dynamics during the dry season. It also records strong intraseasonal fluctuations that could be linked to convection modes of variability during the monsoon, and interactions between atmospheric circulation and tropical/extratropical teleconnections during the dry season. We also discuss diurnal variations, and investigate the variability at the scale of the rain events
Valero, Mégane. "Iridium-Catalyzed CH-Functionalization : Development and Applications of Innovative Strategies for Hydrogen Isotope Exchange on Small Molecules and Biotherapeutic Drugs for Drug Discovery." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS009.
Full textThe development of new efficient, fast and easy-to-handle methods to label drug compounds with deuterium or tritium in one single step is of great importance in academia and industry. These labelled compounds are for example an essential part in drug discovery and help to speed up the generation of the safety profile of a drug candidate. Classical isotope labeling mainly relies on the transformation of precursors which require multistep synthesis, a drawback which may be overcome by late-stage functionalization. We reported the first efficient catalytic protocol for ortho-selective iridium(I)-catalysed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange (HIE) reactions of pharmacologically important phenylacetic acid esters and amides with D2 or T2 under very mild reaction conditions (room temperature). We have demonstrated that by applying the optimized combination of different iridium catalysts and reaction temperatures (-60 to 130°C), different HIE reaction outcomes in selectivity and reactivity can be achieved. Together with DFT calculations, we have postulated a guideline for directing group strength of several functional groups, to predict the outcome of HIE reactions in the competition situation of complex molecules. Starting from a complex tritium labelling of the maytansine DM4 drug, the HIE reaction on a series of common linker side chains of antibody-drug-conjugates proceeded with high chemical yields, high regioselectivity and with deuterium incorporations up to 99%. The scope of the method was further extended to amino acids, di- and tripeptides, with deuterium incorporation up 95%D in the glycine moiety. Finally, in collaboration with CEA-Saclay and CNRS, air-stable and easy-to-handle iridium NHC-ligated nanoparticles were developed for the first time and used in HIE reactions of complex anilines. The usefulness of the methods developed all along the PhD was demonstrated by tritiation of DM4, Camylofine, Benalaxyl and the Volixibat pharmacophore
Brito, Adriano Leal de. "Oxigênio-18 e deutério traçadores do sistema de aqüíferos na Bacia Sedimentar do Araripe." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13703.
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The natural tracers deuterium and oxygen-18 were used to identify the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater reserves in the Araripe Sedimentary Basin, through the analysis of water samples collected in 40 wells in January, April, July and October 2011. The sampling points are located in 08 municipalities and electrical conductivity measurements, which expresses water salinity, were also performed. The results show spatial and temporal variation of the parameters analyzed, but the average values of δ18O in samples from 33 wells is -3.22 ± 0.05 (‰) which is the average rainfall in the region today. Samples of the remaining seven wells showed higher fluctuations and four had values below -3.2 ‰. The meteoric lines that express measures of deuterium versus oxygen-18, constructed with values of each sample show a mean slope of 7.87 ± 0.60 ‰ about the value of the World Meteoric Line. The excess of deuterium in the sample period increased from 7.26 to 9.38 ‰ reflecting internal processes in the aquifer. Samples with values of δ18O in meteoric waters below the current mix of show paleowater already identified with modern recharge water, the samples with these values are not distinguishable by their electrical conductivities that are current in the range of samples characterizing the importance of isotopic tracers
Os traçadores naturais oxigênio-18 e deutério foram utilizados para identificar características dinâmicas das reservas hídricas subterrâneas na Bacia Sedimentar do Araripe, através da análise de amostras de água coletadas em 40 poços nos meses de janeiro, abril, julho e outubro de 2011. Os pontos de amostragem localizam-se em 08 municípios e medidas de condutividade elétrica, que expressa salinidade das águas, também foram realizadas. Os resultados mostram variação espacial e temporal dos parâmetros analisados, mas a média dos valores de δ18O em amostras de 33 poços é de -3,22 ± 0,05 (‰) que é o valor médio das chuvas atuais na região. As amostras dos sete poços restantes apresentaram maiores flutuações e quatro deles apresentaram valores abaixo de -3,2‰. As retas meteóricas, que expressam medidas de deutério versus oxigênio-18, construídas com valores de cada coleta mostram coeficiente angular com média de 7,87 ± 0,60 ‰ cerca do valor da Reta Meteórica Mundial. O excesso de deutério cresceu no período de amostragem de 7,26 a 9,38 ‰ refletindo processos internos no aquífero. As amostras com valores de δ18O em abaixo do das águas meteóricas atuais mostram mistura de paleoáguas já identificadas com águas de recargas modernas; as amostras com estes valores não são distinguíveis pelas suas condutividades elétricas que estão na faixa das amostras atuai caracterizando a importância dos traçadores isotópicos.
Guilpart, Etienne. "Etude de la composition isotopique (deutérium et oxygène 18) de la vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère sur l'île de La Réunion : apport à la compréhension des processus humides atmosphériques en région tropicale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV002/document.
Full textThe isotopic composition of water vapor (dO18 and dD) is commonly used to study present and past water cycle and its varations. If this geochemical tool has been widely used to study past polar climates, many questions remain about the factors governing the isotopic composition of water in the tropics.The goal of this thesis is (1) to monitor the isotopic composition of water vapor in Reunion island (Indian Ocean), and (2) to evaluate the potential of theses measurements for understanding humid climate processes. We have set up a laser spectrometer at the Maïdo Atmospheric Observatory, allowing us to obtain a three-year chronicle of measurements.First, we analyze the temporal variability in our measurements. The isotopic composition of water vapor does not record any seasonal cyclicity. On the other hand, a strong diurnal cycle is visible, as well as a synoptic variability associated with cyclonic events.We then focus on the diurnal cycle. We show that it results from atmospheric boundary layer motions, with a marine vapor reaching the Observatory during the day, and air masses originating from the free troposphere reaching the Observatory during the night. During some nights, vapor is significantly more depleted in dO18 and dD. During the austral winter, this phenomenon is due to a modification of the regional atmospheric circulation causing a reinforcement of subsidences at Reunion Island, related to the position of the Subtropical Jet. During the austral summer, this phenomenon is sometimes due to an intensification of the subsidence at Reunion Island, and at other times to local or regional condensation processes.Finally, we focus on cyclonic events. During these periods, a strong isotopic depletion of the vapor is observed. We show that this depletion occurs 2 to 3 days before the system and continues until 3 days after. During this period, the evolution of the isotopic composition of the water vapor has a substructure. We note (1) an isotopic depletion that is a function of the distance to the center of the system, (2) an isotopic enrichment at the system wall, and (3) an abrupt evolutions of the isotopic composition of the water vapor in the rainbands due to mixing, condensation and/or recycling processes
Bouslamti, Raada Najia. "Etude vibrationnelle et conformationnelle de l'ion butanoate en solution aqueuse." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20182.
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