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Books on the topic 'Developed species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Fiji) Fijian Crested Iguana Brachylophus Vitiensis Species Recovery Plan 2008 - 2012 (Workshop) (2004 Suva. Fijian Crested Iguana Brachylophus Vitiensis Species Recovery Plan 2008 - 2012: Developed in a workshop held on 10 - 11 November 2004 at the University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji and hosted by the National Trust of Fiji Islands. [University of the South Pacific], 2004.

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Patrice, Jelliffe E. F., ed. Community nutritional assessment: With special reference to less technically developed countries. Oxford University Press, 1989.

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3

Kumar, Mahendra. India's economic relations with developed countries: With special reference to Canada. Agam Prakashan, 1990.

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4

Fontanesi, Luca, ed. The genetics and genomics of the rabbit. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780643342.0000.

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Abstract The purpose of the book is to present in one location a comprehensive overview of the progress of genetics in the rabbit, with a modern vision that integrates genomics to obtain a complete picture of the state of the art and of the applications in this species, defined according to the multiple uses and multi-faceted places that this species has in applied and fundamental biology. The 18 chapters cover several fields of genetics and genomics: Chapters 1 and 2 present the rabbit within the evolutionary framework, including the systematics, its domestication and an overview of the genetic resources (breeds and lines) that have been developed after domestication. Chapters 3-5 cover the rabbit genome, cytogenetics and genetic maps and immunogenetics in this species. Chapters 6-8 present the genetics and molecular genetics of coat colours, fibre traits and other morphological traits and defects. Chapters 9-13 cover the genetics of complex traits (disease resistance, growth and meat production traits, reproduction traits), reproduction technologies and genetic improvement in the meat rabbits. Chapters 14-18 present the omics vision, the biotech and biomodelling perspectives and applications of the rabbit. This book is addressed to a broad audience, including students, teachers, researchers, veterinarians and rabbit breeders.

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5

W, Forgan James, ed. Mentoring new special education teachers: A guide for mentors and program developers. Corwin Press, 2005.

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6

Wielgolaski, F. E. A Barents Sea fish resources and migration model: Developed with special reference to oil activity. Institute of Marine Research, 1990.

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7

Ojiako, James O. Developed strategy of annulling Supreme Court jurisdiction: Case of Loretto Special Science School Adazi, December 1991. s.n., 1992.

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8

Children, Massachusetts Office for. Behavioral management training services in Massachusetts: A statewide resource directory developed especially for parents who have children with special needs. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office for Children, 1994.

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9

Faith, family, and children with special needs: How Catholic parents and their kids with special needs can develop a richer spiritual life. Loyola Press, 2012.

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10

Capra, Gustavo E. Dissemination of appropriate technologies to develop Uruguayan vegetable exports, with special reference to the United Kingdom. University of Wolverhampton, 1995.

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11

United Nations. Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Concise report on the world population situation in 1989: With a special report on population trends and policies in the least developed countries. s.n, 1990.

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United Nations. Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs. Concise report on the world population situation in 1989: With a special report on population trends and policies in the least developed countries. United Nations, 1991.

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13

Bridge, Paul, David Smith, and Erko Stackebrandt, eds. Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0000.

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Abstract There are fundamental differences between the current levels of genomic and proteomic knowledge for bacteria and fungi. With multiple growth forms and over 100,000 known species, the fungi probably present a more complex situation, but genomic studies are hindered by the lack of reliable reference data for many species. As activities such as environmental sampling, and genomic and proteomic profiling, become more important in extending our understanding of ecosystems, there is an increasing imperative for researchers in microbial systematics to develop the methods and concepts required to interpret the information being generated. This volume presents a collection of chapters that provide some insights into how current methods and resources are being used in microbial systematics, together with some thoughts and suggestions about how both methodologies and concepts may develop in the future.

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14

Hube, Bernhard, and Oliver Kurzai. Candida species. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0011.

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Most pathogenic Candida species are members of the microbiota, but also cause superficial or invasive infections. C. albicans is predominant, followed by C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. C. albicans is polymorphic and grows as yeast, pseudohyphae, or hyphae. The cell wall has multiple functions in pathogenesis. Metabolism and nutrient up-take strategies facilitate growth in multiple niches within the host. Drug resistance is an intrinsic property of C. glabrata and C. krusei, but can be developed by C. albicans and other Candida species during antifungal therapy. Pathogenicity mechanisms include host cell attachment, invasion, and destructive activities; immune evasion; and biofilm production. A disbalanced microbiota and impaired immunity favour superficial infections, and disturbance of the mucosal barriers, together with compromised immunity, enables Candida to invade the human bloodstream and cause invasive infection. Even with antifungal therapy (e.g. azoles or echinocandins), disseminated candidiasis has a high mortality (40–50%).

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15

Hass, Christine C., and Jerry W. Dragoo. Competition and coexistence in sympatric skunks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0024.

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Ecological niches of three species of skunks (Mephitidae: Conepatus leuconotus, Mephitis mephitis, M. macroura) in and near their overlap zone in the American Southwest were studied to determine if competition may be limiting distribution of these species. A species distribution model developed in MaxEnt was used to identify suitable habitat for each species, from which contact zones for each species pair were identified. Principal components derived from habitat and climate variables inside and outside of contact zones for each species, and between species pairs within the contact zone were then compared. Species differed in environmental space inside and outside of contact zones, but species pairs did not differ within contact zones, indicating no evidence of competitive exclusion, and possible niche convergence at a broad spatial scale

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16

Poore, Gary CB. Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643092129.

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This book is a comprehensive guide to the identification of 800 species of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans from southern Australian marine waters. It is liberally illustrated with more than 1000 line drawings giving good views of many species as well as diagnostic illustrations. Details for each species include the authority, year of description, sometimes a common name, diagnosis, size, geographical distribution, and ecological and depth distribution. The chapter on the Stomatopoda is by Shane Ahyong. Sections within each chapter are hierarchical, species within genera, within families (often with subfamilies as well). Identification is achieved through the use of dichotomous keys adapted from many originally published in the primary literature, or developed from scratch. Some keys are to all Australian taxa but most are to southern Australian taxa only. The information in this book derives from over 200 years of collecting in southern Australian environments, from the intertidal to the deep sea, and publications in numerous journals in several languages. More than 800 of these papers and books are cited. Winner of the 2005 Whitley Award for Systematics.

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17

Least Developed Countries and the WTO: Special Treatment in Trade. AIAA, 2013.

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18

Hawthorne, H. Least Developed Countries and the WTO: Special Treatment in Trade. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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19

Björkqvist, Kaj. An Evolutionary Approach to Humiliation and Shame Induced by Inhuman and Degrading Treatment. Edited by Metin Başoğlu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374625.003.0004.

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In this chapter, the effects of humiliation and shame on the human psyche are examined from an evolutionary point of view, with the purpose of providing information useful for an examination of the role of social pain in torture. There is neurophysiological evidence that the ability to feel social pain has developed from the ability to feel physical pain, and that this development took place when the reptilian brain developed into the mammalian brain, in particular among mammal species living in groups. The ability to feel humiliated and shamed is especially strong in humans, and there is evidence that social pain may be experienced as “worse” than physical pain. This fact has implications for the definition of torture because it casts doubt on the validity of traditional distinctions between torture and cruel and inhuman or degrading treatment.

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20

Wilkinson, Jennifer. Nut Grower's Guide. CSIRO Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093096.

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Nut growing has become more popular and technology has developed significantly over the last 5 years. This book is the starting point for prospective commercial nut growers – large or small scale, for farmers who want to diversify and also for gardeners interested in growing nut trees in their back yards. Nut Grower's Guide is the first comprehensive book to growing almonds, cashews, chestnuts, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pistachios and walnuts. All aspects of site selection are covered, from soil and climate to aspect and topography through to previous land use and local pest species. Soil preparation, irrigation, planting and propagating trees are also covered. It covers the cultivation and processing of each of the major nut species and also provides guidance on packaging and the wholesale and retail marketing of nuts in Australia and overseas.

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21

Banyard, Ashley C., and Anthony R. Fooks. Rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0042.

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Rabies virus is epidemic in most parts of the world. It can replicate in all warm-blooded animals in which it causes a devastating neurological illness, which almost invariably results in death. Rabies is a disease of animals and human infection is a ‘spillover’ event occurring most commonly following a bite from an infected dog. Infection is seen in different patterns; rabies with little or no wildlife involvement, sometimes known as urban or street rabies, or in the wildlife population with spillover into domesticated animals (sylvatic).Eleven distinct species of lyssavirus are now recognized: species 1 is the most common strain found predominately in terrestrial animals. Species 2-7 are found in bat species with the exception of Mokola virus (species 4). Despite the availability of effective vaccines significant mortality still occurs, mostly in the tropics. The majority of rabies free countries are islands which are able to remain rabies free by import controls. Effective animal vaccines are available and dog rabies is well controlled in most parts of the developed world with dog vaccination. However, it remains an intractable problem in many countries in Asia and Africa due to lack of infrastructure, cost of vaccines and difficulty to control dog population. In recent years progress in controlling wildlife rabies has been achieved in west Europe using vaccine in bait, which offers promise for other regions with complex epidemiology.

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22

Best. Pesticides Develop Impact Control (Special Publication). Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995.

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23

Holland, Breena, and Amy Linch. Cultivating Human and Non-human Capabilities for Mutual Flourishing. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.9.

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The commitment to human flourishing in various traditions of political thought has been an important bridge between anthropocentrically conceived political theory and the more encompassing concerns of biocentrism and eco-centrism in environmental political theory. This chapter explores how this commitment has been developed and applied by scholars drawing on the theory of human capabilities—or “capabilities theory”—to imagine and construct an environmentally and ecologically just democratic politics. Treating the natural environment as both a component and condition of human flourishing, some have engaged capabilities theory without challenging anthropocentrism. Others have drawn on and expanded the theory to specify the non-human capabilities of animals, species, and the systems that comprise the natural world. Regarding non-human beings and ecosystems as having a dignity that makes them worthy of recognition as intrinsically valuable ends, these scholars use capabilities theory to include non-human beings and ecosystems as subjects of political justice.

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24

Endangered Animals: Develop Understanding of Fractions and Numbers. Rosen Classroom, 2014.

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25

Page, Meghan. The Posture of Faith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806967.003.0010.

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While faith is often described as a cognitive state, many philosophers argue that faith includes a noncognitive factor, and is not merely a species of belief. In this chapter, a novel model of this affective component is developed, based on recent work in clinical psychology concerning the relationship between posture and approach motivation. It further argues that this model accurately represents many crucial features of faith: faith can motivate us to act against our desires, faith is both voluntary and passive, faith makes us vulnerable, faith is an activity, and faith can intensify belief.

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26

Parnell, Tim. Sterne’s Fiction and the Mid-Century Novel. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.35.

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This chapter offers a detailed reassessment of the relationship between Sterne’s fiction and the mid-century novel. Tristram Shandy, it argues, is best understood in the context of the ‘new species of fiction’ as it developed in the wake of Fielding’s and Richardson’s seminal successes. Sterne’s masterpiece is, in part, a burlesque of conventions of the tradition of comic ‘Biography’ inaugurated by Joseph Andrews. It is also a comic novel in its own right in which Sterne draws on and develops germs of ideas, situations, and narrative strategies that he found in novels of the 1750s. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Sterne’s much-debated ‘sentimentalism’, arguing that while he engages with contemporary debates about the social virtues and the ethical dimension of feeling, A Sentimental Journey stands out from other novels of the 1760s in ways which support his sense of it as ‘something new, quite out of the beaten track’.

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27

Ross, John, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel O. Vlad. Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178685.001.0001.

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In a chemical system with many chemical species several questions can be asked: what species react with other species: in what temporal order: and with what results? These questions have been asked for over one hundred years about simple and complex chemical systems, and the answers constitute the macroscopic reaction mechanism. In Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms authors John Ross, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel Vlad present several systematic approaches for obtaining information on the causal connectivity of chemical species, on correlations of chemical species, on the reaction pathway, and on the reaction mechanism. Basic pulse theory is demonstrated and tested in an experiment on glycolysis. In a second approach, measurements on time series of concentrations are used to construct correlation functions and a theory is developed which shows that from these functions information may be inferred on the reaction pathway, the reaction mechanism, and the centers of control in that mechanism. A third approach is based on application of genetic algorithm methods to the study of the evolutionary development of a reaction mechanism, to the attainment given goals in a mechanism, and to the determination of a reaction mechanism and rate coefficients by comparison with experiment. Responses of non-linear systems to pulses or other perturbations are analyzed, and mechanisms of oscillatory reactions are presented in detail. The concluding chapters give an introduction to bioinformatics and statistical methods for determining reaction mechanisms.

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28

Jelliffe, D. B. Community nutritional assessment: With special reference to less technically developed countries. Oxford University Press, 1989.

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29

Cross, Adam T., Arthur R. Davis, Andreas Fleischmann, et al. Reproductive biology and pollinator-prey conflicts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0022.

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Most carnivorous plants are insect-pollinated, despite insects representing the primary prey of these plants. The potential for pollinators to be caught by traps represents a possible pollinator–prey conflict (PPC), which may have ecological and evolutionary consequences for the reproductive biology of carnivorous plants. We review the reproductive biology—pollination biology, seed dormancy, and germination—and PPC in carnivorous plants. The vast majority of carnivorous plants show little or no overlap in prey and pollinator spectra because of pollinator independence and the spatial and temporal separation of flowers and traps. All carnivorous plants appear to produce seeds with some form of dormancy, most commonly physiological (species with fully developed embryos) or morphophysiological (species with underdeveloped embryos) dormancy. A complete understanding of the pollination and germination requirements of carnivorous plants is essential for conservation purposes, and this area should be a focal point of future research.

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30

Kruusmaa, Maarja. From aquatic animals to robot swimmers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0044.

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Fish and other aquatic animals have developed a diverse repertoire of locomotion and sensing strategies in an environment that is 800 times denser than air. This chapter explains the underlying principles of aquatic locomotion and describes some landmark biomimetic robots based on those principles. Biological underwater swimmers face the trade-off between speed and manoeuvrability and it is argued that the same trade-off exists also with biomimetic vehicles. Biomimetic underwater vehicles mostly mimic carangiform and subcarangiform swimmers which are fast swimmers. The highly manoeuvrable fish species (lampreys, rays, etc.) are a less popular choice of bioinspiration arguably because of their higher complexity and limitations posed by current technology of electromechanical devices. A unique sensing organ, the lateral line, is utilized by all fish species. Artifical lateral lines for sensing flow are briefly discussed as well as the potential of robot control with the help of flow sensing.

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31

Eldredge, Niles. Unfinished Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195036336.001.0001.

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This study provides a stimulating critique of contemporary evolutionary thought, analyzing the Modern Synthesis first developed by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, and George Gaylord Simpson. The author argues that although only genes and organisms are taken as historic "individuals" in conventional theory, species, higher taxa, and ecological entities such as populations and communities should also be construed as individuals--an approach that yields the ecological and genealogical hierarchies that interact to produce evolution. This clearly stated, controversial work will provoke much debate among evolutionary biologists, systematists, paleontologists, and ecologists, as well as a wide range of educated lay readers.

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Newman, M. E. J., and R. G. Palmer. Modeling Extinction. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159455.001.0001.

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Developed after a meeting at the Santa Fe Institute on extinction modeling, this book comments critically on the various modeling approaches. In the last decade or so, scientists have started to examine a new approach to the patterns of evolution and extinction in the fossil record. This approach may be called "statistical paleontology," since it looks at large-scale patterns in the record and attempts to understand and model their average statistical features, rather than their detailed structure. Examples of the patterns these studies examine are the distribution of the sizes of mass extinction events over time, the distribution of species lifetimes, or the apparent increase in the number of species alive over the last half a billion years. In attempting to model these patterns, researchers have drawn on ideas not only from paleontology, but from evolutionary biology, ecology, physics, and applied mathematics, including fitness landscapes, competitive exclusion, interaction matrices, and self-organized criticality. A self-contained review of work in this field.

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33

James, Harrison. 7 Fishing and the Conservation of Marine Living Resources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707325.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 reviews the legal framework for the regulation of fishing in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and explains how States have developed additional rules and standards for the conservation of marine living resources at global and regional levels. In particular, the analysis considers the extent to which States have implemented a precautionary and ecosystems approach to fisheries, as well as how they have sought to adopt law-making techniques that overcome the challenges of regulating the open-access resources of the high seas. The chapter covers major developments in the international law of fisheries, including the Code of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries, the Fish Stocks Agreement, the Port State Measures Agreement, and the International Guidelines on Deep-Sea Fisheries. The role of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) in implementing these instruments is considered a key feature of the law-making process. The chapter also addresses the specific regimes that apply to anadromous species, catadromous species, and marine mammals.

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34

Coker, Christopher. Why War? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197602737.001.0001.

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What are humanity’s biological origins? What are the mechanisms, including culture, that continue to drive it? What is the history that has allowed it to evolve over time? And what are its functions – how does it survive and thrive by exploiting the features that define us as a species? These are the four questions of the ‘Tinbergen Method’ for explaining animal behavior, developed by the prize-winning Dutch ethologist Nico Tinbergen. The book contends that applying this method to war – which is unique to humans – can help us better understand why conflict is so resilient. The author explores these four questions in both past and present, and looks at our post – human future, assessing how far scientific advances in gene- editing, robotics and AI systems will de- center human agency. From the ancient Greeks to Artificial Intelligence (AI) the book is an exploration of humankind’s propensity to warfare and its behavioral underpinnings. What it offers are new ways of thinking about our species’ unique and deadly preoccupation.

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35

Terrie, Vincent L. Taking Special Care to Develop Your Ministry. Authorhouse, 2002.

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36

Reber, Arthur S. The First Minds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854157.001.0001.

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The book presents a novel theory of the origins of mind and consciousness dubbed the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC). It argues that sentience emerged with life itself. The most primitive unicellular species of bacteria are conscious, though it is a sentience of a primitive kind. They have minds, though they are tiny and limited in scope. There is nothing even close to this thesis in the current literature on consciousness. Hints that cells might be conscious can be found in the writings of a few cell biologists, but a fully developed theory has never been put forward before. Other approaches to the origins of consciousness are examined and shown to be seriously or fatally flawed, specifically ones based on: (a) the assumption that minds are computational and can be captured by an artificial intelligence (AI), (b) efforts to discover the neurocorrelates of mental experiences, the so-called Hard Problem, and (c) looking for consciousness in less complex species by identifying those that possess precursors of those neurocorrelates. Each of these approaches is shown to be either essentially impossible (the AI models) or so burdened by philosophical and empirical difficulties that they are effectively unworkable. The CBC approach is developed using standard models of evolutionary biology. The remarkable repertoire of single-celled species that micro- and cell-biologists have discovered is reviewed. Bacteria, for example, have sophisticated sensory and perceptual systems, learn, form memories, make decisions based on information about their environment relative to internal metabolic states, communicate with one another, and even show a primitive form of altruism. All such functions are indicators of sentience. Conversations with a caterpillar function as a literary vehicle Finally, the implications of the CBC model are discussed along with a number of related issues in evolutionary biology, philosophy of mind, the possibility of sentient plants, the ethical repercussions of universal animal sentience, and the long-range impact of adopting the CBC stance.

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37

1949-, Singh Rama Shankar, ed. IMF policies towards less developed countries (LDCs), with special reference to India. Deep & Deep Publications, 1994.

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38

Public Finance and Less Developed Economy: With Special Reference to Latin America. Springer, 2012.

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39

Jackson, Stephen, and Peter Schouten. Gliding Mammals of the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104051.

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The world's gliding mammals are an extraordinary group of animals that have the ability to glide from tree to tree with seemingly effortless grace. There are more than 60 species of gliding mammals including the flying squirrels from Asia, Europe and North America, the scaly-tailed flying squirrels from central Africa and the gliding possums of Australia and New Guinea. But the most spectacular of all are the colugos – or so called flying lemurs – that occur throughout South-East Asia and the Philippines. Animals that glide from tree to tree descend at an angle of less than 45 degrees to the horizontal, while those that parachute descend at an angle greater than 45 degrees. Gliding is achieved by deflecting air flowing past well-developed gliding membranes, or patagia, which form an effective airfoil that allows the animal to travel the greatest possible horizontal distance with the least loss in height. The flying squirrels and scaly-tailed flying squirrels even have special cartilaginous spurs that extend either from the wrist or elbow, respectively, to help support the gliding membrane. Gliding Mammals of the World provides, for the first time, a synthesis of all that is known about the biology of these intriguing mammals. It includes a brief description of each species, together with a distribution map and a beautiful full-colour painting. An introduction outlines the origins and biogeography of each group of gliding mammals and examines the incredible adaptations that allow them to launch themselves and glide from tree to tree.

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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Avoiding Attack. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.001.0001.

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Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It considers how potential prey avoid detection, how they make themselves unprofitable to attack, how they communicate this status, and how other species have exploited these signals. Using carefully selected examples of camouflage, mimicry, and warning signals drawn from a wide range of species and ecosystems, the authors summarize the latest research into these fascinating adaptations, developing mathematical models where appropriate and making recommendations for future study.This second edition has been extensively rewritten, particularly in the application of modern genetic research techniques which have transformed our recent understanding of adaptations in evolutionary genomics and phylogenetics. The book also employs a more integrated and systematic approach, ensuring that each chapter has a broader focus on the evolutionary and ecological consequences of anti-predator adaptation. The field has grown and developed considerably over the last decade with an explosion of new research literature, making this new edition timely.

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41

Romaine, Suzanne. Linguistic and Ecological Diversity. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0038.

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After outlining the current state of linguistic diversity and language endangerment, this chapter examines the nature of the geographic interface between linguistic and ecological diversity. It explains why the extinction of languages is part of the larger picture of near-total collapse of the worldwide ecosystem, and why languages are vital parts of complex local ecologies that must be supported if global biodiversity is to be maintained. In view of the strong relationship between areas of potential endangerment for species and for languages and their associated cultures, the chapter suggests that integrated strategies need to be developed to ensure the survival of both human diversity and biological diversity on our rapidly globalizing planet.

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42

Fact-Finders: Special Investigations to Develop Research Skills. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1987.

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43

Handbook On The Least Developed Country Category: Inclusion, Graduation, And Special Support Measures. United Nations, 2015.

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44

United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Committee for Development Policy. and United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs., eds. Handbook on the least developed country category: Inclusion, graduation, and special support measures. United Nations, 2008.

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45

Boxill, Bernard. Kantian Racism and Kantian Teleology. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.46.

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Appalled by Kant’s views on race, some Kantians suggest that these views are unrelated to his central moral teaching that every human being “exists as an end in itself and not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will.” But Kant developed his racial views because of his teleological view that we regard the history of the human species as the completion of a hidden plan of nature to establish an externally perfect state constitution as the necessary means to the end of developing all human predispositions. To evade the difficulty, Kantians may claim that Kant’s teleology and moral theory are not essentially related, but Kant thought that they were and close textual analysis supports their connection.

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Gerken, Mikkel. The Epistemic Norms of Assertion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 extends the discussion of epistemic norms to the linguistic realm. Again, it is argued that a Knowledge Norm of Assertion (KNAS) is inadequate and should be replaced with a Warrant-Assertive Speech Act norm (WASA). According to WASA, S must be adequately warranted in believing that p relative to her conversational context in order to meet the epistemic requirements for asserting that p. This epistemic norm is developed and extended to assertive speech acts that carry implicatures or illocutionary forces. Particular attention is given to the development of a species of WASA that accounts for assertive speech acts having a directive force, such as a recommendation. Thus, Chapter 7 contributes to the debates concerning epistemic norms of assertions.

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Gerard, McMeel. Part III Intermediaries and Financial Promotion, 9 Intermediaries. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705956.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the law governing intermediaries in the financial services industry. The relationship between the various species of intermediary and both the service provider and the customer, is prima facie governed by the rules of agency developed at common law, together with a statutory overlay. The Financial Services Act 1986 introduced the statutory concept of the appointed representative, which allowed regulated persons to appoint other persons for whom they accepted regulatory responsibility, and as a measure of consumer protection initiated a regime of vicarious responsibility, whereby the appointing principal was deemed responsible for everything said or done, or not said or done, by its appointed representatives. That regime was continued and expanded to the whole financial services industry by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

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Giraldeau, Luc-Alain, Philipp Heeb, and Michael Kosfeld, eds. Investors and Exploiters in Ecology and Economics. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036122.001.0001.

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In the natural world, some agents (investors) employ strategies that provide resources, services, or information while others (exploiters) achieve gain through these efforts. Such behavior coexists and is observable in many species at many levels: from bacteria which depend on the existence of biofilms to synthesize constituent proteins; to cancerous cells which employ angiogenesis in tumors; to parents who forego vaccinating their children yet benefit from herd immunity; to countries’ actions in the handling of greenhouse gases. To analyze such behavior, two independent research traditions have developed in parallel—one couched in evolutionary theory championed by behavioral ecologists, the other in the social sciences advocated by economists. This book looks for commonalities in understanding and approach, in an effort to spur research into this widespread phenomenon.

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Stein, Bruce, Lynn S. Kutner, and Jonathan S. Adams, eds. Precious Heritage. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125191.001.0001.

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From the lush forests of Appalachia to the frozen tundra of Alaska, and from the tallgrass prairies of the Midwest to the subtropical rainforests of Hawaii, the United States harbors a remarkable array of ecosystems. These ecosystems in turn sustain an exceptional variety of plant and animal life. For species such as salamanders and freshwater turtles, the United States ranks as the global center of diversity. Among the nation's other unique biological features are California's coast redwoods, the world's tallest trees, and Nevada's Devils Hole pupfish, which survives in a single ten-by-seventy-foot desert pool, the smallest range of any vertebrate animal. Precious Heritage draws together for the first time a quarter century of information on U.S. biodiversity developed by natural heritage programs from across the country. This richly illustrated volume not only documents those aspects of U.S. biodiversity that are particularly noteworthy, but also considers how our species and ecosystems are faring, what is threatening them, and what is needed to protect the nation's remaining natural inheritance. Above all, Precious Heritage is a celebration of the extraordinary biological diversity of the United States.

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Lake, Morris. Australian Forest Woods. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307791.

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Australian Forest Woods describes about 130 of the most significant Australian forest trees and their wood. The introductory sections introduce the reader to the uniqueness and usefulness of forest trees. The book examines the forest tree species and their wood with photographs, botanical descriptions and a summary of the characteristics of the wood. A section on wood identification includes fundamental information on tree growth and wood structure.  With over 900 images, this is the most comprehensive guide ever written on Australian forest woods, both for the amateur and the professional wood enthusiast. Macrophotographs of the wood are shown in association with a physical description of wood characteristics, which will aid identification. This technique was developed by Jean-Claude Cerre, France, and his macrophotographs are included in the book.

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