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1
Lorence, James J. Coming Home. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037559.003.0003.
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This chapter looks at how the ASARCO (Globe Smelter Division of the American Smelting and Refining Company) job provided Jencks with a new lease on life. Although the work initially involved hard and dirty labor in a low-wage position, it connected him again to the world of social action through the union. Although he worried about the corrosive impact of the fumes that caused his clothes to disintegrate in a day's time, his morale was boosted by the camaraderie he found among workers in the mill. Furthermore, Jencks' renewal of party ties in 1946 was perfectly consistent with the deep Socialist belief system he had developed since his high school years. Driven by the spirit of communalism, he embraced political, economic, and social forms and expressions that sought to empower and mutually benefit all.
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Daum, Andreas W. The Two German States in the International World. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0032.
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This article centers on the two German states in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972, however, détente — the period of relaxation, openness, and communication between the two antagonistic superpowers and their allies — had reached its height. Many in the West no longer saw the border that separated the Germans into antagonistic political blocs as an insurmountable ‘Iron Curtain’. The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 had been a brutal act. Ironically, its existence opened new opportunities for encounters between West and East. Dialogue, openness, and transparency were values that many in the Federal Republic cherished in 1972. These, too, were values that West Germans wanted others to associate with their country. They were meant to articulate — at home and abroad — that West Germany had developed into a knowledge-based, technologically-advanced, internationally minded, and peaceful consumer society. Finally in 1989 both the Germanies were united on the basis of unanimous international agreements.
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Wobick-Segev, Sarah. Homes Away from Home. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605145.001.0001.
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This book is the first comparative study of Jewish communities in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. It analyzes how Jews used social and religious spaces to reformulate patterns of fraternity, celebration, and family formation and expressions of self-identification. It suggests that the social patterns that developed between 1890 and the 1930s were formative for the fundamental reshaping of Jewish community and remain essential to our understanding of contemporary Jewish life. Focusing on the social interactions of urban European Jews, this book offers a new perspective on how Jews confronted the challenges of modernity. As membership in the official community was becoming increasingly a matter of individual choice, Jews created spaces to meet new social and emotional needs. Cafés, hotels, and restaurants became places to gather and celebrate festivals and holy days, and summer camps served as sites for the informal education of young children. These places facilitated the option of secular Jewish belonging, marking a clear distinction between Judaism and Jewishness that would have been impossible on a large scale in the pre-emancipation era. By creating new centers for Jewish life, a growing number of historical actors, including women and youth, took the process of community building into their own hands. The contexts of Jewish life expanded beyond the confines of “traditional” Jewish spaces and sometimes challenged the desires of Jewish authorities. The book further argues that these social practices remained vital in reconstructing certain Jewish communities in the wake of the devastation of the Holocaust.
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Morgan-Owen, David G. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805199.003.0001.
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Scholars have long been aware of the periodic ‘invasion scares’ which were a feature of life in Edwardian Britain, yet the notion that the threat of invasion exerted a meaningful influence on official policy in this period has been dismissed as ‘divorced from strategic reality’. Historians examining the roots of British strategy in the First World War have tended to look towards the various putative plans for offensive action developed after 1900—whether those for military deployment in Europe or the naval ‘blockade’. This book argues the opposite: namely, that home defence was central to discussions of strategy in Britain before 1914 and that the prospect of a hostile landing exercised a growing influence over the activities of the two services by the outbreak of the First World War.
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Cox, Michael. Axis of Opposition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0016.
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Received wisdom states that China and Russia are more likely bound to be rivals than partners. This chapter challenges this notion and traces the growing significance for both parties of the relationship over the past twenty years. It suggests that the relationship has developed into something very serious with the twin purpose for both of maintaining stability and order at home while contesting what both view as a Western-created and US-led order abroad. This does not mean they do not have other interests, but this does not detract from the main argument being advanced here: that China, which has so few serious partners in the world today, has found a serious one in Russia; and that Russia has also discovered one in China.
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Klenk, Johannes, and Franziska Waschek, eds. Chinas Rolle in einer neuen Weltordnung. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828876361.
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The People’s Republic of China is one of the biggest economies in the world and home to about a sixth of the world population. This large country has rapidly developed into one of the leading high-tech nations while large parts of it have remained rural. Many of the global challenges are especially visible on the Chinese landscape. Despite this considerable importance, China has been little represented as a research subject in economic and social sciences; evidence-based research on many questions regarding interaction with China is rare. Since 2017, the University of Hohenheim has been working on increasing and fostering China competence with funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This book represents selected results. With contributions by Dr. Sigrun Abels, Dr. Tania Becker, Dr. Philipp Böing, Dr. Martin Braml, Dennis Hammerschmidt, Prof. Dr. Benjamin Jung, Dr. Johannes Klenk, Leonid Kovachich, Dr. Oliver Krebs, Cosima Meyer, Prof. Dr. Ylva Monschein, Dr. Ágota Révész, Franziska Waschek, David Weyrauch and Dr. Thomas Winzen.
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Lewis, David M. The Archaic Greek World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769941.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the role of slavery in the worlds of Homer and of Hesiod, and asks what historical conditions these portrayals might reflect. It provides a critique of the current orthodoxy, developed by M. I. Finley, which holds that the emergence of a ‘slave society’ in Greece occurred in the sixth century BC. Slavery is shown to have underpinned elite fortunes at least as early as 700 BC. A different model of the evolution of slavery in the Greek world is set out, in which different regions diverged from the ‘Homeric’ model to differing degrees and for different reasons.
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Carter, Sarah Anne. Windows and Ladders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225032.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the intellectual and cultural history of the continental theories and theorists that led to the development of object lessons. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and his followers developed classroom practices premised on the notion that information was to be drawn out of children, not crammed into them. Physical engagement with the world was a way to draw that information from children through sense training exercises, or Anschauungunterricht. From Pestalozzi’s famed (but only marginally successful) Swiss schoolrooms, his student Charles Mayo transplanted the ideas that became the basis of object lessons to England. There, through the work of Charles’s sister Elizabeth Mayo, they became the highly regimented foundation for the Home and Colonial Schools teacher training programs and were employed in England, Scotland, India, and Canada, among other places.
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Manekin, Rachel. The Rebellion of the Daughters. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691194936.001.0001.
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This book investigates the flight of young Jewish women from their Orthodox, mostly Hasidic, homes in Western Galicia (now Poland) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In extreme cases, hundreds of these women sought refuge in a Kraków convent, where many converted to Catholicism. Those who stayed home often remained Jewish in name only. The book reconstructs the stories of three Jewish women runaways and reveals their struggles and innermost convictions. Unlike Orthodox Jewish boys, who attended “cheders,” traditional schools where only Jewish subjects were taught, Orthodox Jewish girls were sent to Polish primary schools. When the time came for them to marry, many young women rebelled against the marriages arranged by their parents, with some wishing to pursue secondary and university education. After World War I, the crisis of the rebellious daughters in Kraków spurred the introduction of formal religious education for young Orthodox Jewish women in Poland, which later developed into a worldwide educational movement. The book chronicles the belated Orthodox response and argues that these educational innovations not only kept Orthodox Jewish women within the fold but also foreclosed their opportunities for higher education. Exploring the estrangement of young Jewish women from traditional Judaism in Habsburg Galicia at the turn of the twentieth century, the book brings to light a forgotten yet significant episode in Eastern European history.
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Edwards, Clive, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos, and Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207164.
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During the period of the Enlightenment, the word ‘home’ could refer to a specific and defined physical living space, the location of domestic life, and a concept related to ideas of roots, origins, and retreat. The transformations that the Enlightenment encouraged created the circumstances for the concept of home to change and develop in the following three ways. First to influence homemaking were the literary and cultural manifestations that included issues around attitudes to education, social order and disorder, sensibility, and sexuality. Secondly, were the roles of visual and material culture of the home that demonstrated themselves through print, portraiture, literature, objects and products, and dress and fashion. Thirdly, were the industrial and sociological aspects that included concepts of luxury, progress, trade and technology, consumption, domesticity, and the notions of public and private spaces within a home. The chapters in this volume therefore discuss and reflect upon issues relating to the home through a range of approaches. Enlightenment homes are examined in terms of signification and meaning; the persons who inhabited them; the physical buildings and their furniture and furnishings; the work undertaken within them; the differing roles of men and women; the nature of hospitality, and the important role of religion in the home. Taken together they give a valuable overview of the manners, customs, and operation of the Enlightenment home.
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Meen, Geoffrey, and Christine Whitehead. Understanding Affordability. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529211863.001.0001.
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Affordability is, perhaps, the greatest housing problem facing households today, both in the UK and internationally. Even though most households are now well housed, hardship is disproportionately concentrated among low-income and younger households. Our failure to deal with their problems is what makes housing so frustrating. But, to improve outcomes, we have to understand the complex economic and political forces which underlie their continued prevalence. There are no costless solutions, but there are new policy directions that can be explored in addition to those that have dominated in recent years. The first, analytic, part of the book considers the factors that determine house prices and rents, household formation and tenure, housing construction and the roles played by housing finance and taxation. The second part turns to examine the impact of past policy and the possibilities for improvement - discussing supply and the impact of planning regulation, supply subsidies, subsidies to low-income tenants and attempts to increase home ownership. Rather than advocating a particular set of policies, the aim is to consider the balance of policies; the constraints under which housing policy operates; what can realistically be achieved; the structural changes that would need to occur; and the significant sacrifices that would have to be made by some groups if there are to be improvements for others. Our emphasis is on the UK but throughout the book we also draw on international experience and our conclusions have relevance to analysts and policy makers across the developed world.
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Poets, Desirée, and Max O. Stephenson Jr. Maré from the Inside: Art, Culture and Politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Edited by Nicholas Barnes. Virginia Tech Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/mare.
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Complexo da Maré is a group of 16 contiguous favelas and housing projects in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro. Home to an estimated 140,000 individuals, Maré is Brazil's largest agglomeration of favelas. Often depicted in a negative light, these favelas are in fact vibrant and diverse communities, as revealed in this remarkable book. Maré from the Inside: Art, Culture and Politics in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMaré Brazil is a companion to the exhibition of the same name (Portuguese: Maré de DentroDentro), which was developed by an international team of Brazilian and US academics, activists and artists. The exhibition documents the lives of residents of Complexo da Maré through family portraits, street photographs, documentary films and written works. Featured in this book is a selection of the exhibition's photographs by Italian photojournalist Antonello Veneri, who worked closely with Maré resident and activist Henrique Gomes over the period from 2013 to 2019, during which Rio was home to the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games. These photographs, simultaneously personal and deeply humane, counter long-standing and powerful stigmatizing narratives, demonstrating instead the diversity and resilience of these communities and exposing the barriers residents confront in their everyday lives. Providing context to the photographs are essays by the exhibition's creators, curators and collaborators, including Maré resident and scholar Andreza Jorge, who asks what it is about the Maré de DentroMaré Dentro exhibition that has made it so compelling for so many people from very different parts of the world. The answer lies in the power of art to make us rethink prevailing social frames and, in turn, embrace fresh political and cultural strategies for integrating previously marginalized communities more fully into political and social life.
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Omaswa, Francis, and Nigel Crisp. The future: vision and challenges. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0024.
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Chapter 24 draws together the major themes from throughout the book and identifies the lessons that can be learned for Africa and for the rest of the world. It concludes by offering a vision for the future, which can be achieved if Africans ‘claim their own future’, if there continues to be sufficient global solidarity to support health around the world, and if the countries of the continent develop a clear vision of ‘health made at home’.
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Boyd, Barbara Weiden. Starting from Homer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680046.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 surveys the place of Homer in Roman literary culture before Ovid, including the prominent place of the Iliad and Odyssey in early education and the role played by Livius Andronicus and Ennius in bringing the Greek past to Rome. It offers an overview of the character of Homeric allusiveness in Latin poetry before Ovid, especially in Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius and the elegists. The chapter concludes with the suggestion that Ovid’s familiarity with the Homeric poems is based not only on the poems themselves but also on the tradition of scholarly exegesis that develops in Alexandria and moves to other centers of learning in the ancient world. The scholia of Aristarchus are chief among these paratexts. In particular, Ovid’s fondness for Homeric episodes deemed of suspect authenticity by the critics reflects his playfully contrarian attitude.
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Bradley, Curtis A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653330.001.0001.
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This book ambitiously seeks to lay the groundwork for a new field of study and teaching known as “comparative foreign relations law.” Comparative foreign relations law compares and contrasts how nations, and also supranational entities such as the European Union, structure their decisions about matters such as entering into and exiting from international agreements, engaging with international institutions, and using military force, as well as how they incorporate treaties and customary international law into their domestic legal systems. The book consists of forty-six chapters, written by leading authors from around the world. Some of the chapters are empirically focused, others are theoretical, and still others contain in-depth case studies. In addition to being an invaluable resource for scholars working in this area, the book should be of interest to lawyers, judges, and law students. Foreign relations law issues are addressed regularly by lawyers working in foreign ministries, and globalization has meant that domestic judges, too, increasingly are confronted by them. In addition, private lawyers who work on matters that extend beyond their home countries often are required to navigate issues of foreign relations law. An increasing number of law school courses in comparative foreign relations law are also now being developed, making this volume an important resource for students as well.
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Lasc, Anca I. Interior decorating in nineteenth-century France. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526113382.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the early stages of the interior design profession as articulated within the circles involved in the decoration of the private home in the second half of nineteenth-century France. It argues that the increased presence of the modern, domestic interior in the visual culture of the nineteenth century enabled the profession to take shape. Upholsterers, cabinet-makers, architects, stage designers, department stores, taste advisors, collectors, and illustrators, came together to “sell” the idea of the unified interior as an image and a total work of art. The ideal domestic interior took several media as its outlet, including taste manuals, pattern books, illustrated magazines, art and architectural exhibitions, and department store catalogs. The chapters outline the terms of reception within which the work of each professional group involved in the appearance and design of the nineteenth-century French domestic interior emerged and focus on specific works by members of each group. If Chapter 1 concentrates on collectors and taste advisors, outlining the new definitions of the modern interior they developed, Chapter 2 focuses on the response of upholsterers, architects, and cabinet-makers to the same new conceptions of the ideal private interior. Chapter 3 considers the contribution of the world of entertainment to the field of interior design while Chapter 4 moves into the world of commerce to study how department stores popularized the modern interior with the middle classes. Chapter 5 returns to architects to understand how their engagement with popular journals shaped new interior decorating styles.
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Stockdale, Katie. Hope Under Oppression. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197563564.001.0001.
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This book explores the nature, value, and role of hope in human life under conditions of oppression. Oppression is often a threat and damage to hope, yet many members of oppressed groups, including prominent activists pursuing a more just world, find hope valuable and even essential to their personal and political lives. This book offers a unique evaluative framework for hope that captures the intrinsic value of hope for many of us, the rationality and morality of hope, and ultimately how we can hope well in the non-ideal world we share. It develops an account of the relationship between hope and anger about oppression and argues that anger tends to be accompanied by hopes for repair. When people’s hopes for repair are not realized, as is often the case for those who are oppressed, anger can evolve into bitterness: a form of unresolved anger involving a loss of hope that injustice will be sufficiently acknowledged and addressed. But even when all hope might seem lost or out of reach, faith can enable resilience in the face of oppression. Spiritual faith, faith in humanity, and moral faith are part of what motivates people to join in solidarity against injustice, through which hope can be recovered collectively. Joining with others who share one’s experiences or commitments for a better world and uniting with them in collective action can restore and strengthen hope for the future when hope might otherwise be lost.
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Clark, David. Homes for the terminally ill: 1885–1948. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199674282.003.0002.
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This period saw major growth for hospital institutions. Some of these were especially concerned with the care of the dying. This chapter examines in detail the practices and modes of care to be found in the terminal care homes, their religious and charitable foundations, styles of organization, and place in society. It shows that such homes—which were to be found in London, New York, and several European cities—had limited influence on the wider practice of medicine. They developed a particular philosophy of care, however, which did later inspire some doctors, from the middle of the twentieth century onwards. Indeed, some of the homes survived as institutions and made the transition into the world of modern hospice and palliative care.
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Leask, Nigel. Stepping Westward. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850021.001.0001.
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Stepping Westward is the first book of its kind dedicated to the literature of the Scottish Highland tour 1720-1830, a major cultural phenomenon that attracted writers and artists like Pennant, Johnson and Boswell, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, Coleridge, Scott, Hogg, Keats, Daniell, and Turner, as well as numerous less celebrated travellers and tourists. Addressing more than a century’s worth of literary and visual representations of the Highlands, the book casts new light on how the tour developed a modern literature of place, acting as a catalyst for thinking about improvement, landscape, and the shaping of British, Scottish and Gaelic identities. Attention is paid to the relationship between travellers and the native Gaels, whose world was plunged into crisis by rapid and forced social change. At the book’s core lie the best-selling tours of Pennant and Dr Johnson, associated with attempts to ’improve’ the intractable Gaidhealtachd in the wake of Culloden. Alongside the Ossian craze and Gilpin’s picturesque, their books stimulated a wave of ’home tours’ from the 1770s through the romantic period, including writing by women like Sarah Murray and Dorothy Wordsworth. The incidence of published Highland Tours (many lavishly illustrated), peaked around 1800, but as the genre reached exhaustion, the ’romantic Highlands’ were reinvented in Scott’s poems and novels, coinciding with steam boats and mass tourism, but also rack-renting, sheep clearance and emigration.
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Rawlinson, Mark. The Motif of Sacrifice in the Literature and Culture of the Second World War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806516.003.0011.
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This chapter explores how Anglophone literature and culture envisioned and questioned an economy of sacrificial exchange, particularly its symbolic aspect, as driving the compulsions entangled in the Second World War. After considering how Elizabeth Bowen’s short stories cast light on the Home Front rhetorics of sacrifice and reconstruction, it looks at how poets Robert Graves, Keith Douglas, and Alun Lewis reflect on First World War poetry of sacrifice. With reference to René Girard’s and Carl von Clausewitz’s writings on war, I take up Elaine Cobley’s assertion about the differing valencies of the First and Second World Wars, arguing that the contrast is better seen in terms of sacrificial economy. I develop that argument with reference to examples from Second World War literature depicting sacrificial exchange (while often harking back to the First World War), including Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952–61), and William Wharton’s memoir Shrapnel (2012).
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Ogorzalek, Thomas K. The Cities on the Hill. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668877.001.0001.
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Recent electoral cycles have drawn attention to an urban–rural divide at the heart of American politics. This book traces the origins of red and blue America. The urbanicity divide began with the creation of an urban political order that united leaders from major cities and changed the Democratic Party during the New Deal era. These cities, despite being the site of serious, complex conflicts at home, are remarkably cohesive in national politics because members of city delegations represent their city as well as their district. Even though their constituents often don’t see eye-to-eye on important issues, members of these city delegations represent a united city position known as progressive liberalism. Using a wide range of congressional evidence and a unique dataset measuring the urbanicity of U.S. House districts over time, this book argues that city cohesion, an invaluable tool used by cities to address their urgent governance needs through higher levels of government, is fostered by local institutions developed to provide local political order. Crucially, these integrative institutions also helped foster the development of civil rights liberalism by linking constituencies that were not natural allies in support of group pluralism and racial equality. This in turn led to the departure from the coalition of the Southern Democrats, and to our contemporary political environment. The urban combination of diversity and liberalism—supported by institutions that make allies out of rivals—teaches us lessons for governing in a world increasingly characterized by deep social difference and political fragmentation.
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Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide. Adapted Version for the Caribbean. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123935.
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The Caribbean Development Bank and the Pan American Health Organization have developed this stress management guide to help people cope with adversity. The publication is an adaptation for the Caribbean of Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide, a World Health Organization publication to support implementation of its recommendations for stress management. This guide is for all who experience stress, ranging from parents and other caregivers to health professionals working in difficult situations. Informed by available evidence and extensive field testing, the guide provides information and practical skills to help cope with adversity. While the causes of adversity must be addressed, there is also a need to protect and support people’s mental health. This publication has five sections, each containing a new idea and technique to cope with stress. These are easy to learn and can be used for just a few minutes a day to help reduce stress. Readers can go through one section every few days and take time to practice the exercises and use the learning in the days in between. Another option is for them to read the book through once, applying whatever they can, and then read it again, taking more time to appreciate the ideas and practice the techniques. Practicing and applying the ideas to daily life is key for reducing stress. The guide can be read at home, during break or rest periods at work, before going to sleep, or at any other time when people might have a few moments to concentrate on taking care of themselves.
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Lemons, J. Derrick. The “Us-Them” Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677565.003.0004.
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Globalization continues to impact the demands of teaching and learning. Instructors of religion are asked to prepare students for a globalized world. Students have newly formed questions about the religious other because of their visits abroad or experiences with neighbors who have moved from other countries. The focus of this chapter is to call social scientists and comparative theologians to share their fields and develop a reflexive comparative theological method to inform their research and instruction. Specifically, the reflexivity of Pierre Bourdieu and the comparative theological stance of Francis Clooney are combined to draw on the signature contributions of each scholar. I conclude with an overview of four sections of my course Introduction to Religious Thought, in which I develop a reflexive comparative theological movement throughout the course to assist students in understanding their home religion and the religious other.
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Steensma, Joseph T., Matthew W. Kreuter, Christopher M. Casey, and Jay M. Bernhardt. Enhancing Dissemination Though Marketing and Distribution Systems A Vision for Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0012.
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The authors realize that the vision of taking a more market-oriented approach to dissemination likely raises more questions than it answers. Who would build and operate such a system? Who would pay for it? Would researchers who have developed and evaluated public health interventions cooperate in sharing their programs and products? What tangible incentives can be created at each step of the process to encourage dissemination and adoption? What would constitute success for such an effort and how would we measure it? All are important questions and worthy of thoughtful answers that match their complexity. Doing so is beyond the scope of this chapter, but ongoing in our work. The authors hope the ideas presented here will stimulate others’ thinking about systems and infrastructure to enhance dissemination, and welcome critiques, refinement, and additions to our proposed model.
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Zimmer, Kenyon. “Yiddish Is My Homeland”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039386.003.0002.
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This chapter explores how Eastern European Jews migrated to the United States. More than half made their homes in New York City, where Yiddish-speaking anarchist and socialist movements emerged from the sweatshops and tenement houses of Manhattan's Lower East Side. From the 1880s until well into the 1920s, anarchists constituted a “vital minority” within the American Jewish labor movement; Yiddish anarchism then grew to become the largest section of America's anarchist movement by the eve of the First World War. Along the way, anarchists created a vibrant revolutionary subculture deeply embedded in the larger “cultures of opposition” developed by immigrant Jewish workers and intellectuals.
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Hines, James R. New Disciplines. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039065.003.0015.
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Since the 1960s, televised World and Olympic competition brought figure skating into the homes of millions who discovered and enjoyed the perfect balance between artistry and athleticism that the sport offered. This developed an increasingly enthusiastic audience for the sport and led inevitably to a participatory role as converts filled ice rinks. Those new to skating discovered a recreational activity that persons of all ages could enjoy and that entire families could do together. Many, young and old, took lessons, and some became highly proficient. Not surprisingly, new competitive opportunities followed, which are the focus of this chapter. Adult skating is the most recent and fastest-growing area of competitive figure skating; collegiate and intercollegiate skating has become an available part of the college experience; and synchronized skating has evolved from an unpretentious beginning into a World championship sport that may become an Olympic sport.
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Kalantzakos, Sophia. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670931.003.0001.
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In 2010, rare earths were thrust into geopolitical prominence overnight as a result of a territorial incident between Japan and China. China’s “unacknowledged” and short-lived rare earths embargo against Japan, coupled with China’s decision to sharply reduce export quotas of these materials to all industrial nations, brought home the potential dangers of its near-monopoly position on their production and export. Prices skyrocketed and the international outcry intensified because the seventeen rare-earth elements are critical inputs for high-tech, defense, and renewable energy sources. Given their centrality, the rare-earth crisis is not merely a trade dispute. It raises questions about China’s use of economic statecraft and the impacts of growing worldwide resource competition while pointing to the complexities facing policymakers as they develop strategies and responses in an increasingly globalized world.
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Hicks, Michael, and Christian Asplund. Vast, Sparse Areas of Possibility: 1960–1969. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037061.003.0003.
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This chapter documents more experimental changes in Wolff's compositional oeuvre, as well as certain new milestones in his life. While working in the army, Wolff continued to develop his musicianship through prose polemics and new compositional strategies. In 1962, he reached a new threshold in his experimental evolution, as he began a two-year span of writing only pieces with unspecified instrumentation. In addition, Wolff's academic and family moorings had begun to shift. Family-wise, he would marry Hope (“Holly”) Nash at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Royalton in 1965, develop an interest in electric guitar, and witness the birth of his firstborn, Christian Mayhew (“Hew”). Career-wise, Wolff's teaching contract with Harvard would not be renewed, which later provided him with the opportunity to apply for a position teaching classics and music at Dartmouth.
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Rahier, Jean Muteba. Performances and Contexts of the Play in January 2003. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037511.003.0007.
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This chapter provides ethnographic information about the Play in Santo Domingo de Ónzole and La Tola at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In December 2002, the author traveled to the province of Esmeraldas, where he spent four weeks doing some fieldwork. His objective was to find out how the Play was being performed since he last visited. Once back home in Miami, he revised his diary in order to develop his initial analyses. He also inserted transcriptions of fragments of interviews conducted while in the field. The chapter maintains the diary format in the hopes that this approach would be a better way to share with readers his progressive reconnection with the Festival and the two villages.
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SI, Strong. I Preliminary Matters, 1 Introduction: Global Developments in Trust Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book’s main themes. This book discusses the current state of internal trust arbitration around the world and analyzes relevant issues as a matter of both national and international law. Contributions come from specialists in both trust law and arbitration law, thereby improving the dialogue between the two disciplines and helping courts, legislatures, parties, and practitioners from around the world to appreciate whether and to what extent internal trust arbitration disputes are or can become arbitrable in their home jurisdictions. The book is organized as follows. Section I discusses several preliminary matters, including the challenges facing internal trust arbitration. Section II considers internal trust arbitration from an institutional perspective. Section III looks at internal trust arbitration from various national perspectives. Section IV turns to various questions arising under international law. Section V presents a cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural analysis that attempts to bring together the various strands of discussion and identify how internal trust arbitration is likely to develop in the coming years.
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Mallapragada, Madhavi. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038631.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter revisits the key arguments developed in each of the four chapters and points to key implications of undertaking a study of home in the age of networks. It argues for a reconsideration of the contours of belonging in contemporary contexts of new media and transnationalism through its specific study of Indian immigrant cultures online. It contends that the question of belonging must be applied more thoroughly to the institutional contexts of online media, for not doing so would neglect a very significant alliance between capital and citizenship in the neoliberal, digital age. Furthermore, in the United States, especially since 2001, immigrants, racial and religious minorities, women of color, and the working class have found themselves at the receiving end of the disciplinary practices of neoliberal states and globalization practices. These institutional contexts shape belonging as much as the textual and hypertextual practices that generate categories of exclusion and inclusion in online media.
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Edwards, Douglas. Concluding Remarks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758693.003.0012.
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I began this book with two main aims: first, to counter deflationary and primitivist movements to re-assert the importance of the metaphysics of truth; and, second, to develop a distinctively pluralist account of the metaphysics of truth. With regard to the first aim, I hope to have shown that there is no presumptive advantage to being a deflationist or a primitivist, and to have loosened the hold that these views tend to have on discussions of truth. Moreover, I have noted that successfully defending these views would require overcoming some significant explanatory challenges. In identifying these challenges, I hope to have demonstrated that the metaphysics of truth is a topic worthy of discussion, and that there are interesting and important issues to consider in studying it....
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Kvanvig, Jonathan L. Depicting Deity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896452.001.0001.
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A theology aims to explicate what God is like, and a metatheology investigates more fundamental issues concerning how to structure such a project and where it should begin. Approaches that ignore this more fundamental investigation risk presupposing stances that do not withstand scrutiny and perhaps would never have been endorsed if considered directly. In addition, approaches that ignore the issue of fundamentality often switch from one set of assumptions to another without noticing the change in perspective that results, giving rise to a chance of incoherence and to an approach that is theoretically disorderly and thus failing to as systematic and elegant as we would like. This work begins with the more basic question of where to begin thinking about God, where it is best to start the project of theology, in a way that offers some hope of a defensible metatheory, from which a complete theology, displaying the kind of theoretical elegance and structure we find in our best scientific and philosophical theories, can be developed.
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Dow, Bonnie J. Fixing the Meaning of the Movement. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038563.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the ABC documentary on the Ladies' Home Journal sit-in entitled “Women's Liberation,”, produced by reporter Marlene Sanders. The documentary is 1970's key example of a supportive reporter's self-conscious effort to represent the movement fairly. It also serves as the most developed example of network news' reliance on race–sex and feminism–civil rights analogies. In her memoir of her reporting career, Sanders makes clear that she saw the documentary as an intervention into poor media treatment of the movement, echoing the contention of many feminists that the movement's image problems resulted from reporting by men. Refuting negative stereotypes about women's liberation (including, importantly, man-hating) was among the program's central strategies, as was an analogy to the moderate civil rights movement. Sanders's effort to package feminism in comprehensible and commonsensical terms that would make sense to her imagined white male viewer resulted in an evolutionary liberal narrative that narrowed the meaning of the movement in crucial ways, diminishing rather than demonizing its radicalism and presenting the Equal Rights Amendment as the answer to what ailed women.
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Hagley, Eric, and Yi’an Wang, eds. Virtual exchange in the Asia-Pacific: research and practice. Research-publishing.net, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.47.9782490057788.
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Virtual Exchange (VE) is of great import to language and culture teachers and researchers but is also gaining popularity in other fields. However, around the world and in the Asia-Pacific region in particular, the number of exchanges is not high and the quality of those that exist needs to continue to improve. It is essential that the latest research and best practice can be disseminated to ensure VE develops further. In this edited volume, various researchers and practitioners provide firsthand perspectives, well-researched accounts of current situations, ideas for future exchanges, and areas in need of further development. We hope it will be of use to the VE practitioner and researcher alike.
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Shabazz, Rashad. “Our Prison”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039645.003.0003.
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This chapter examines how carceral power was articulated in the kitchenettes—small, tight, cramped spaces that many Black migrants in the Black Belt were forced to live in between World War I and World War II—and shaped identity formation. Drawing on the literature of Richard Wright, it considers how the police power that functioned in the public space of Chicago's Black Belt moved into the homes of Black migrants. Decades before carceral power made it into the academic lexicon, Wright used his fiction and nonfiction to document and understand the effect the geography of containment had on Black masculinity. For Wright, carceral power was used as a mechanism both to punish and to contain Blacks in the Black Belt. He used this analysis to bring attention to the injustices Blacks were confronted with and to develop his most-well-known literary character. The chapter looks at Wright's novel Native Son, which tackles the consequence of Black prisonization within urban geography.
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Reades, Jonathan, and Martin Crookston. Why Face-to-Face Still Matters. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.001.0001.
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Face-to-Face: The Persistent Power of Cities In a Post-Pandemic Era, is about the way that people and firms are adapting to the world of always-on and everywhere digital access, and what that means for cities and regions. Twenty years after The Death of Distance—and in the midst of a pandemic that has led some to question the future of cities—many people still think that we are on track for ‘business anywhere’. The book shows why that's not the case, and provides a structure for thinking about the next twenty years of social and economic upheaval. It shows how the changing fortunes of cities are tied to the ongoing importance of face-to-face contact to our most valuable industries, and thus why the ‘human touch’ will continue to be crucial in the cities of tomorrow. Drawing on interviews with artists and advertisers, bankers and bakers, software devs and property developers, across some forty interviews we home in on what people actually do and why. ‘Contact’, in all its forms, is shown to still matter hugely to companies and individuals, even in a world with high-quality video conferencing and free online calling. And when the pandemic hit, a further digital survey explored interviewees’ experiences of an ‘e-only’ world, gaining ‘front-line’ insights into the short- and long-terms. The book seeks to provide guidance for city leaders, businesses, policymakers and students of urban and regional planning on how to think about 21st Century urban change.
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Beiser, Frederick C. Last Jewish Writings, 1915–1918. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828167.003.0018.
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The Jewish writings of these final years develop themes of the earlier years. Cohen continues to explore one of his favorite topics: the affinity of German and Jewish character. Despite his cosmopolitan conception of Judaism, Cohen still thought that the Jews were most at home in Germany. Yet, despite his belief in the special affinity between Germans and Jews, Cohen still shows his cosmopolitanism by his sympathy for the Ostjuden; he maintains that they should be freed from the many immigration controls imposed on them. Cohen continues to worry about the growing weakening of Jewish communities in Germany, and argues, as Socrates did in the Crito, that people have a special obligation to stay within the communities which nurtured them. In a remarkable 1916 lecture on Plato and the prophets Cohen argues that they are the two major ethical voices in the Western world: Plato gave the West a rational form while the prophets gave it moral content. Cohen now reduces his earlier striving for a unity of religions down to the demand for a unity of conscience.
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Mukama, Evode, and Laurent Nkusi. Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi Nyamuntu n’Imibanire y’Abantu. African Minds, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331971.
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Research in developed countries is often considered as a means to pave the way towards sustainable development in different areas of the society including science and technology, the economy, governance and security. Researchers in developing countries rarely have the opportunity to use their indigenous languages to design, plan and conduct research. Nor do they communicate in their indigenous languages to share their insights and learnings from other parts of the world with colleagues or students. Utilising the languages that researchers, students and teachers, policymakers, the community, and others interested in research understand better can help to generate new knowledge embedded in local realities where sustainable development needs to take root. That is why this book is in Kinyarwanda. The authors hope that writing this book in Kinyarwanda will increase research capacity in the humanities and social sciences in Rwanda and in the region. And that it will increase interaction between all key stakeholders in the planning and conducting of research as well as in analysing, monitoring and evaluating the research process and its outputs.]
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Elledge, C. D. Resurrection of the Dead in Early Judaism, 200 BCE-CE 200. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199640416.001.0001.
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Belief in resurrection of the dead became one of the most adamant conceptual claims of Christianity and rabbinic Judaism. This book provides a focused analysis of the gradual emergence and diverse receptions of the discourse of resurrection within early Jewish literature, from its early emergence within portions of 1 Enoch (c.200 BCE), until its standardization as a non-negotiable eschatological belief in the Mishnah (c.CE 200). Within this historical environment, resurrection emerged as an insurgent and controversial theodicy that challenged more traditional interpretations of death. The study further demonstrates how scribal circles legitimated the controversial eschatological claim by clothing it in the raiment of earlier scriptural language, grounding it in the theology of creation, and insisting that it was essential to the affirmation of divine justice. As resurrection gained a reception in multiple movements within early Judaism, a diverse range of conceptions flourished, including a fascinating variety of assumptions about the embodied character of eschatological life, as well as how resurrection would transpire within larger cosmic-spatial parameters of the world. The hope also maintained a somewhat tensive relationship with belief in the immortality of the soul, another popular approach to the afterlife within early Judaism. Supportive chapters explore the emergence of resurrection within specific literary texts and collections, including 1 Enoch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Josephus, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, and select inscriptions. As the nascent church and early rabbinic Judaism developed their own approaches to resurrection, they remained both the heirs and creative reinterpreters of earlier Jewish theologies of resurrection.
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Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini, and Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.
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Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.
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Humphries, Paul, and Keith Walker, eds. Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097445.
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This edited volume reviews our past and present understanding of the ecology of Australian freshwater fishes. It compares patterns and processes in Australia with those on other continents, discusses the local relevance of ecological models from the northern hemisphere and considers how best to manage our species and their habitats in the face of current and future threats. In view of these challenges, the need for redress is urgent.
The chapters are written by some of our foremost researchers and managers, developing themes that underpin our knowledge of the ecology, conservation and management of fish and fish habitats. For each theme, the authors formulate a synthesis of what is known, consider the need for new perspectives and identify gaps and opportunities for research, monitoring and management. The themes have an Australian context but draw upon ideas and principles developed by fish biologists in other parts of the world.
The science of freshwater fish ecology in Australia has grown rapidly from its roots in natural history and taxonomy. This book offers an introduction for students, researchers and managers, one that the authors hope will carry Australian fish biology and resource management to new levels of understanding.
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Warwick, David, and Roderick Dunn, eds. Hand Surgery (Oxford Specialist Handbook). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.001.0001.
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This new edition of the Oxford Handbook has been developed for anyone interested in the hand—surgeon, therapist, nurse, rheumatologist, general practitioner, and emergency practitioner. This reflects the broad nature of the speciality in a multidisciplinary world where surgery is by no means the only approach. There are many contributing authors who are all experts and who have thoroughly prepared each chapter. So the book is as fresh and up-to-date and authoritative as possible. The authors have all prepared the book free of charge—except for a complimentary copy of the book. The editors will donate all royalties to charity. We hope to give something back to the speciality that has brought us so much professional satisfaction. The format of the book—carefully organized headings and bullet lists and tables—should help the reader to take an overview of any topic as both a primer and as a revision aid, as well as to delve deeper to find the details of a complex classification. The small size of the book—readily accessible in a pocket or briefcase or bag or desk drawer—makes this rarely used and always forgotten knowledge easy to access.
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Prah Ruger, Jennifer. WHO and Other United Nations Agencies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694631.003.0008.
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WHO’s establishment in 1948 marked a new era, and “Health for All” became the hope. For decades, WHO was prominent in GHG, coordinating worldwide efforts against smallpox, handling international reporting, and managing disease outbreaks through the IHR. Still today, the world community expects WHO to solve global health governance problems, and maintain its unique coordinating function. It is the only agency with authority to develop and implement international health law. But today’s WHO is a weakened institution, riddled with budgetary problems, power politics, and diminished reputation. WHO’s failings in the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak demonstrated that it lacks the capacity to prevent and contain pandemics. Nor does it have coordination capacity, accountability, a master global health plan, or reliable compliance mechanisms. WHO’s vision of “Health for All” remains unfulfilled. Other UN agencies have important health functions but present vexing issues of their own.
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Rampinelli, Giuliano Arns, and Solange Machado. Manual de sistemas fotovoltaicos de geração distribuída: Teoria e prática. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-330-5.
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This book started from a desire to contribute scientifically with the knowledge about photovoltaic solar energy – an art promoted and developed by members of School of Sun and the NTEEL Solar. It has been possible through the research groups from School of Sun Project and the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – Solar (NTEEL Solar). The School of Sun is a project from Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) which promotes scientific knowledge by the promotion of the information. The NTEEL Solar is a group which develops projects and scientific research in Photovoltaic Solar Energy and its applications. This work presents topics about the Brazilian electrical sector and its commercialization of energy, concepts about the reasoning and measurement of the solar radiation, characteristics and technologies of photovoltaic cells and modules; characteristics and technologies of inverters; monitoring and analysis of the photovoltaic systems; consumptions and generation profiles, rules and law, operation and maintenance of systems, softwares to dimension and simulate systems, and energy efficiency at buildings. It is a pleasure to share these research results from projects and scientific researches with you, dear reader. We would like to thank all the people that have been helping us with research so far, especially with this book. We are also thankful for the organizations which have been supporting us: the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), the School of Sun (UFSC), the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – NTEEL Solar, Graduate Program in Energy and Sustainability (PPGES), the Undergraduate Program in Energy Engineering, the Coordination of Personnel Improvement of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies (CAPES), The National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation of Support to Scientific Research and Innovation from Santa Catarina State (FAPESC). This book contributes scientifically to the promotion of renewable technology, reliable, competitive; towards sustainable development. We hope that you appreciate it and have a great reading.
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Paiva, Wilson Alves de. A Fontana de Lutécia: Contos Virais. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-566-8.
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A fictional book with five short stories that address the main pandemics in the world. The first story takes place in Ancient Greece, in 428 BC at the time of the Peloponnesian War. Tavros, the main character flees the plague by traveling to Gaul and discovers a mysterious water spring near the village of the Parisii. In AD 166, when Rome, is devasted by the plague, Marcus Aurelius sends out soldiers to the North. One of them, Lucius, arrives in the region of Lutecia and finds the same fountain that Tavros had been to. The water from this spring gives him strength to escape from the persecution of Christians and Jews. In his old age, Lucius becomes a Church elder and writes letters. One of them was read, many centuries later, by a Franciscan Parisian monk during the Middle Ages, who decides to pilgrimage to Jerusalem but is surprised by the Black Death. Back home, he is saved by the water spring, builds an orphanage and has his life converted into a book - which is red by a young journalist who takes the ship Demerara with his fiancée to Brazil in order to avoid the World War I, the Spanish flu and some Russian spies. The last story is about a Brazilian professor, called Lucius Felipe who, in 2019, travels to Paris to develop his postdoctoral studies. Unfortunately he has to return to Brazil due to the COVID-19 pandemic. But not before having visited Lutetia’s fountain and felt its power and the memories it holds.
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Dunmore, Stuart. Language Revitalisation in Gaelic Scotland. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474443111.001.0001.
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Situated within the interrelated disciplines of applied sociolinguistics and the sociology of language, this book explores the language use and attitudinal perceptions of a sample of 130 adults who received Gaelic-medium education (GME) at primary school, during the first years of that system’s availability in Scotland. The school is viewed by policymakers as a crucial site for language revitalisation in such diverse contexts as Hawai’i, New Zealand and the Basque Country – as well as throughout the Celtic-speaking world. In Scotland, GME is seen as a key area of language development, regarded by policymakers as a strategic priority for revitalising Gaelic, and maintaining its use by future generations of speakers. Yet theorists have stressed that school-based policy interventions are inadequate for realising this objective in isolation, and that without sufficient support in the home and community, children are unlikely to develop strong identities or supportive ideologies in the language of their classroom instruction. For the first time, this book provides an in-depth assessment of language use, ideologies and attitudes among adults who received an immersion education in a minority language, and considers subsequent prospects for language revitalisation in contemporary society. Based on detailed analyses using mixed methods, the book offers empirically grounded suggestions for individuals and policymakers seeking to revitalise languages internationally.
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Venzke, Ingo, and Kevin Jon Heller, eds. Contingency in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898036.001.0001.
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This volume asks a question that is deceptive in its simplicity: Could international law have been otherwise? In other words, what were the past possibilities, if any, for a different law? The search for contingency in international law is often motivated, including in the present volume, by the refusal to accept the present state of affairs and by the hope that recovering possibilities of the past will facilitate a different future. The volume situates the search for contingency theoretically and within many fields of international law, such as human rights and armed conflict, migrants and refugees, the sea and natural resources, and foreign investment and trade. Today there is hardly a serious account that would consider the path of international law to be necessary and that would deny the possibility of a different law altogether. At the same time, however, behind every possibility of the past stands a reason – or reasons – why the law developed as it did. Those who embark in search of contingency soon encounter tensions when they want to recover past possibilities without downplaying patterns of determination and domination. Nevertheless, while warring critical sensibilities may point in different directions, only a keen sense of why things turned out the way they did makes it possible to argue about how they could plausibly have turned out differently.
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Vitale, Vince R. Non-Identity Theodicy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864226.001.0001.
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This book develops Non-Identity Theodicy as an original response to the problem of evil. It begins by recognizing that horrendous evils pose distinctive challenges for belief in God. To home in on these challenges, this book constructs an ethical framework for theodicy by sketching four cases of human action where horrendous evils are either caused, permitted, or risked, either for pure benefit (i.e. a benefit that does not avert a still greater harm) or for harm avoidance. This framework is then brought to bear on the project of theodicy. The initial conclusions drawn impugn the dominant structural approach of depicting God as causing or permitting horrors in individual lives for the sake of some merely pure benefit. This approach is insensitive to relevant asymmetries in the justificatory demands made by horrendous and non-horrendous evil and in the justificatory work done by averting harm and bestowing pure benefit. Next this book critiques Fall-based theodicies that depict God as permitting or risking horrors in order to avert greater harm. The second half of this book develops a theodicy that falls outside of the proposed taxonomy. Non-Identity Theodicy suggests that God allows evil because it is a necessary condition of creating individual people whom he desires to love. This approach to theodicy is unique because the justifying good recommended is neither harm-aversion nor pure benefit. It is not a good that betters the lives of individual human persons (for they would not exist otherwise), but it is the individual human persons themselves.
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Pasnau, Robert. After Certainty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801788.001.0001.
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No part of philosophy is as disconnected from its history as is epistemology. After Certainty offers a reconstruction of that history as the story of an epistemic ideal first formulated by Plato and Aristotle, later developed throughout the Middle Ages, and then dramatically reformulated in the seventeenth century. In watching these debates unfold over the centuries, we come to understand why epistemology has traditionally been embedded within a much wider sphere of concerns about human nature and the reality of the world we live in. We also come to see why epistemology has become today a much narrower and specialized field, concerned with the conditions under which it is true to say, in English, that someone knows something. Looking back to earlier days, this study makes its way through the various and changing ideals of inquiry that have been pursued over the centuries, from the expectations of certainty and explanatory depth to the rising concern over evidence and precision, as famously manifested in the new science. At both the sensory and the intellectual levels, the initial expectation of infallibility is seen to give way to mere subjective indubitability, and in the end it is unclear whether anything remains of the epistemic ideals that philosophy has long pursued. All we may ultimately be left with is hope.