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Journal articles on the topic 'Developers’ productivity'
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Ahammed, Toukir, Sumon Ahmed, and Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan. "Do Missing Link Community Smell Affect Developers Productivity: An Empirical Study." Knowledge Engineering and Data Science 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um018v4i12021p29-37.
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Missing link smell occurs when developers contribute to the same source code without communicating with each other. Existing studies have analyzed the relationship of missing link smells with code smell and developer contribution. However, the productivity of developers involved in missing link smell has not been explored yet. This study investigates how productivity differs between smelly and non-smelly developers. For this purpose, the productivity of smelly and non-smelly developers of seven open-source projects are analyzed. The result shows that the developers not involved in missing link smell have more productivity than the developers involved in smells. The observed difference is also found statistically significant.
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Rajeshwar, J. "An Approach to Quantify the Productivity of Software Developers towards the Perceived Productivity." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i1.745748.
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Krein, Jonathan L., Alexander C. MacLean, Charles D. Knutson, Daniel P. Delorey, and Dennis L. Eggett. "Impact of Programming Language Fragmentation on Developer Productivity." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2010040104.
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Programmers often develop software in multiple languages. In an effort to study the effects of programming language fragmentation on productivity—and ultimately on a developer’s problem-solving abilities—the authors present a metric, language entropy, for characterizing the distribution of a developer’s programming efforts across multiple programming languages. This paper presents an observational study examining the project contributions of a random sample of 500 SourceForge developers. Using a random coefficients model, the authors find a statistically (alpha level of 0.001) and practically significant correlation between language entropy and the size of monthly project contributions. Results indicate that programming language fragmentation is negatively related to the total amount of code contributed by developers within SourceForge, an open source software (OSS) community.
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Meyer, Andre N., Laura E. Barton, Gail C. Murphy, Thomas Zimmermann, and Thomas Fritz. "The Work Life of Developers: Activities, Switches and Perceived Productivity." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 43, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2656886.
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Besker, Terese, Antonio Martini, and Jan Bosch. "Software developer productivity loss due to technical debt—A replication and extension study examining developers’ development work." Journal of Systems and Software 156 (October 2019): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.004.
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Coupe, R. T., and N. M. Onodu. "An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Case on Developer Productivity and Software Quality." Journal of Information Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629601100207.
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This paperpresents the findings of research into the impact of computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools. It is based on a questionnaire survey of software developers in UK organizations. CASE had a positive effect on developer productivity and the quality of applications software. It particularly improved the reliability and accuracy of applications software, though this was sometimes offset by a deterioration in software efficiency. There was little evidence of productivity being ‘traded’ for quality, since developers citing productivity gains also tended to report quality improvements. The extent to which organizations were able to realize the benefits of CASE depended on the experience, competence and training of individual developers. This has significant implications for the selection and training of personnel and the use of consultants. Methodologically, the findings also serve to underline the importance of explicitly taking account of prior development environments, when using retrospective methods to evaluate different software technologies.
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Bergadano, Francesco, Gianni Bosio, and Stefano Spagnolo. "Supporting Collaboration between Customers and Developers." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2014040101.
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The traditional, in-house software development process is progressively losing its appeal in favor of distributed, multi-site development: this is mainly due to the well-known advantages of the latter, such as higher productivity and lower costs. However, this practice has also some documented disadvantages that are inherent to distance: geographical, temporal and socio-cultural distances between stakeholders can affect communication, coordination and control activities, thus making collaboration very difficult. This would not immediately look as the ideal scenario for applying Agile methodologies, which definitely rely on continuous collaboration between all stakeholders, including (with a very important role) the customers. This paper analyzes issues related to collaboration between customers and developers in a distributed, Agile setting and proposes a framework that defines practices and tools for handling project information and communication activities.
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Tangari, Guilherme Costantin, and Marcelo de Almeida Maia. "Ranking Developers’ Importance Factors Based on Team Leader Perspective." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 09n10 (November 2015): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015710011.
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Several companies use amount of deliveries as a metric for performance evaluation of developers. However, the productivity of a developer and his importance for the company is not only related to the amount of produced lines of code. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to the relevance of developers for their teams. This paper aims at mapping some of these factors, measuring those that are more important for companies and propose an evaluation model of developer importance that considers more than just deliveries. We have found that some factors are more important than others and that there are minor differences for different companies. We have also developed a high accuracy classifier that can indicate the importance of the developer based on a set of attributes.
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Blackburn, J. D., G. D. Scudder, and L. N. Van Wassenhove. "Improving speed and productivity of software development: a global survey of software developers." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 22, no. 12 (1996): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.553636.
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Ralph, Paul, Sebastian Baltes, Gianisa Adisaputri, Richard Torkar, Vladimir Kovalenko, Marcos Kalinowski, Nicole Novielli, et al. "Pandemic programming." Empirical Software Engineering 25, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 4927–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y.
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Abstract Context As a novel coronavirus swept the world in early 2020, thousands of software developers began working from home. Many did so on short notice, under difficult and stressful conditions. Objective This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on developers’ wellbeing and productivity. Method A questionnaire survey was created mainly from existing, validated scales and translated into 12 languages. The data was analyzed using non-parametric inferential statistics and structural equation modeling. Results The questionnaire received 2225 usable responses from 53 countries. Factor analysis supported the validity of the scales and the structural model achieved a good fit (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.067). Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers’ wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Exploratory analysis suggests that: (1) women, parents and people with disabilities may be disproportionately affected; (2) different people need different kinds of support. Conclusions To improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee wellbeing and improving the ergonomics of employees’ home offices. Women, parents and disabled persons may require extra support.
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Sharafi, Zohreh, Yu Huang, Kevin Leach, and Westley Weimer. "Toward an Objective Measure of Developers’ Cognitive Activities." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 3 (May 2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434643.
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Understanding how developers carry out different computer science activities with objective measures can help to improve productivity and guide the use and development of supporting tools in software engineering. In this article, we present two controlled experiments involving 112 students to explore multiple computing activities (code comprehension, code review, and data structure manipulations) using three different objective measures including neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) and eye tracking. By examining code review and prose review using fMRI, we find that the neural representations of programming languages vs. natural languages are distinct. We can classify which task a participant is undertaking based solely on brain activity, and those task distinctions are modulated by expertise. We leverage insights from the psychological notion of spatial ability to decode the neural representations of several fundamental data structures and their manipulations using fMRI, fNIRS, and eye tracking. We examine list, array, tree, and mental rotation tasks and find that data structure and spatial operations use the same focal regions of the brain but to different degrees: they are related but distinct neural tasks. We demonstrate best practices and describe the implication and tradeoffs between fMRI, fNIRS, eye tracking, and self-reporting for software engineering research.
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JIN, Zhigang, Bo XIA, Vera LI, Heng LI, and Martin SKITMORE. "MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 19, no. 4 (December 23, 2015): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1072858.
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Real estate developers in China are using mergers and acquisitions (M&As) to ensure their survival and competitiveness. However, no suitable method is yet available to assess whether such M&As provide enhanced value for those involved. Using a hybrid method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) indices, this paper evaluates the short and medium term effects of M&As on acquirers’ economic performance with a set of 32 M&A cases occurring during 2000–2011 in China. The results of the analysis show that M&As generally have a positive effect on acquirers’ economic performance. Acquisitions on average experienced a steady growth in developer Malmquist TFP, a more progressive adoption of technology immediately after acquisition, a slight short-term decrease in technical efficiency after acquisition but followed by a marked increase in the longer term once the integration and synergy benefits were realised. However, there is no evidence to show whether developers achieved any short or long term scale efficiency improvements after M&A. The findings of this study provide useful insights on developer M&A performance from an efficiency and productivity perspective.
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Magableh, Basel, and Stephen Barrett. "Productivity Evaluation of Self-Adaptive Software Model Driven Architecture." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, no. 4 (October 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011100101.
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Anticipating context changes using a model-based approach requires a formal procedure for analysing and modelling context-dependent functionality and stable description of the architecture which supports dynamic decision-making and architecture evolution. This article demonstrates the capabilities of the context-oriented component-based application-model-driven architecture (COCA-MDA) to support the development of self-adaptive applications; the authors describe a state-of-the-art case study and evaluate the development effort involved in adopting the COCA-MDA in constructing the application. An intensive analysis of the application requirements simplified the process of modelling the application’s behavioural model; therefore, instead of modelling several variation models, the developers modelled an extra-functionality model. COCA-MDA reduces the development effort because it maintains a clear separation of concerns and employs a decomposition mechanism to produce a context-oriented component model which decouples the applications’ core functionality from the context-dependent functionality. Estimating the MDA approach’s productivity can help the software developers select the best MDA-based methodology from the available solutions. Thus, counting the source line of code is not adequate for evaluating the development effort of the MDA-based methodology. Quantifying the maintenance adjustment factor of the new, adapted, and reused code is a better estimate of the development effort of the MDA approaches.
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Bakhtiary, Vahid, Taghi Javdani Gandomani, and Afshin Salajegheh. "The effectiveness of test-driven development approach on software projects: A multi-case study." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 2030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2533.
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Over recent years, software teams and companies have made attempts to achieve higher productivity and efficiency and get more success in the competitive market by employing proper software methods and practices. Test-driven development (TDD) is one of these practices. The literature review shows that this practice can lead to the improvement of the software development process. Existing empirical studies on TDD report different conclusions about its effects on quality and productivity. The present study tried to briefly report the results from a comparative multiple-case study of two software development projects where the effect of TDD within an industrial environment. Method: We conducted an experiment in an industrial case with 18 professionals. We measured TDD effectiveness in terms of team productivity and code quality. We also measured mood metric and cyclomatic complexity to compare our results with the literature. We have found that the test cases written for a TDD task have higher defect detection ability than test cases written for an incremental NON-TDD development task. Additionally, discovering bugs and fixing them became easier. The results obtained showed the TDD developers develop software code with a higher quality rate, and it results in increasing team productivity than NON_TDD developers.
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BOONE, GREG. "CASE AND ITS CHALLENGE FOR CHANGE." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 01, no. 02 (June 1991): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194091000147.
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Although the majority of professional trade press and academic attention regarding CASE (Computer Aided Software/Systems Engineering) has focused on technology, software developers have not been deluded by overinflated productivity gains attributed to those technologies. Truly profound technologies require a concomitant change in methods, practices, and techniques. Unfortunately, the majority of the software industry has had the expectation that CASE will automate their current work without rethinking work practices. Changing work practices, particularly among highly independent-minded software developers, who prize independent creativity more than team engineering, is the most difficult challenge facing the advance of the software development profession. Equally difficult is the ideological change from a productivity improvement expectation to a quality improvement expectation. This paper examines the current rate of CASE adoption and the changes necessary to accelerate its successful adoption.
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Middleton, Peter. "Computer Language: Impact on Information Systems Development." Journal of Information Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1993): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629300800305.
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The impact of a particular computer language on the process of developing an information system is not well understood. This paper explores the issues through interviews with 16 software developers who changed, or considered changing, from a third to a fourth generation computer language. The conclusion is that there can be considerable costs in hardware, inflexibility and project planning errors incurred by changing to a fourth generation language. The benefits are unlikely to compensate for the costs of changing languages. The key factors influencing the productivity of software developers emerged as social, not technical.
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Sohacheski, Dov Benyomin, Yotam Lurie, and Shlomo Mark. "Software Identifier Naming Conventions & Dictionary." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH 9 (August 30, 2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232018.2021.9.15.
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Software developers have been presented with so many tools meant to assist then during the development process. Tools like autocomplete, intelli-sense, linters, and other static analysis solutions. All such tools have one underlying goal, to promote productivity and improve quality. Much research has been conducted on the topic of software quality and its direct benefits both during and after the development cycle. Various methods of measuring and improving quality in software products have been implemented at a grand scale. However, software developers are still left with the choice of implementation details. One such detail is the choice of identifier names in the code written. Few publications have focused on conventions, guides, or best-practices on the topic of identifiers naming choices (not to be confused with coding styles). Much time and energy is misused by developers while choosing an appropriate identifier name, as well as by other developers later on when trying to understand the choice made by their colleagues. By aggregating and compiling a list of readily available identifier names that developers can choose from, will allow them to focus on other keys aspects of development
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Nuccio, Michael L., Laura Potter, Suzy M. Stiegelmeyer, Joseph Curley, Jonathan Cohn, Peter E. Wittich, Xiaoping Tan, et al. "Strategies and tools to improve crop productivity by targeting photosynthesis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1730 (August 14, 2017): 20160377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0377.
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Crop productivity needs to substantially increase to meet global food and feed demand for a rapidly growing world population. Agricultural technology developers are pursuing a variety of approaches based on both traditional technologies such as genetic improvement, pest control and mechanization as well as new technologies such as genomics, gene manipulation and environmental modelling to develop crops that are capable of meeting growing demand. Photosynthesis is a key biochemical process that, many suggest, is not yet optimized for industrial agriculture or the modern global environment. We are interested in identifying control points in maize photoassimilation that are amenable to gene manipulation to improve overall productivity. Our approach encompasses: developing and using novel gene discovery techniques, translating our discoveries into traits and evaluating each trait in a stepwise manner that reflects a modern production environment. Our aim is to provide step change advancement in overall crop productivity and deliver this new technology into the hands of growers. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
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Henderson, J. Vernon, Tim Squires, Adam Storeygard, and David Weil. "The Global Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade1." Quarterly Journal of Economics 133, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 357–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx030.
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Abstract We explore the role of natural characteristics in determining the worldwide spatial distribution of economic activity, as proxied by lights at night, observed across 240,000 grid cells. A parsimonious set of 24 physical geography attributes explains 47% of worldwide variation and 35% of within-country variation in lights. We divide geographic characteristics into two groups, those primarily important for agriculture and those primarily important for trade, and confront a puzzle. In examining within-country variation in lights, among countries that developed early, agricultural variables incrementally explain over 6 times as much variation in lights as do trade variables, while among late developing countries the ratio is only about 1.5, even though the latter group is far more dependent on agriculture. Correspondingly, the marginal effects of agricultural variables as a group on lights are larger in absolute value, and those for trade smaller, for early developers than for late developers. We show that this apparent puzzle is explained by persistence and the differential timing of technological shocks in the two sets of countries. For early developers, structural transformation due to rising agricultural productivity began when transport costs were still high, so cities were localized in agricultural regions. When transport costs fell, these agglomerations persisted. In late-developing countries, transport costs fell before structural transformation. To exploit urban scale economies, manufacturing agglomerated in relatively few, often coastal, locations. Consistent with this explanation, countries that developed earlier are more spatially equal in their distribution of education and economic activity than late developers.
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Ismail, Azizah, Mohd Nadzri Jaafar, Mat Naim Abdullah, Mohd Asmoni, and Musyirah Abdullah. "CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR OF PRIVATIZATION PROJECT." Journal of Sustainable Technology and Applied Science (JSTAS) 1, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/jstas.v1i1.2612.
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Privatization is generally defined as the transfer of activity and function, particularly in the area of infrastructure development for the purpose of improving management efficiency, productivity as well as ensuring economic growth in tandem with the vision 2020. Although the privatization of certain property development projects has been successfully implemented, there are still a number of abandoned projects and the reasons for success are not fully explained. In Johor, there has been no study on the success factors of the privatization project for commercial buildings. Therefore, the objective of this study is to define critical success factors for privatized development projects and to identify developers' characteristics that affect the success factor of a privatization project by identify the successful privatization projects and selected 3 successful privatized commercial privatization projects. Furthermore, the characteristics of developers affecting the success of the project will be identified to facilitate the Johor State Economic Planning Division to identify the criteria of the developer to the project which has the potential of a successful privatization project.
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Tamura, Yoshinobu, Hironobu Sone, and Shigeru Yamada. "Productivity Assessment Based on Jump Diffusion Model Considering the Effort Management for OSS Project." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 26, no. 05 (June 30, 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539319500220.
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Various open source software (OSS) projects are in action around the world. Many OSS are developed and maintained under these OSS projects. Considering the characteristics of OSS, the operation performance of OSS development will take an irregular fluctuation in the long term of operation, because several developers and many users are closely related to the maintenance of OSS. This paper focuses on the irregular fluctuation of the operation performance of OSS. We apply the jump diffusion process model to the noisy cases in the operation of OSS. In particular, the maintenance effort is estimated by the stochastic differential equation model in terms of OSS project management. Moreover, we discuss the method of maintenance effort management based on jump diffusion process model considering the irregular fluctuation of performance for OSS projects. In particular, we propose the method of productivity assessment based on the proposed jump diffusion models. Thereby, it is helpful for the OSS development managers to understand the effort status of OSS from the standpoint of OSS project management. Also, we analyze actual data to show numerical examples of the proposed method considering the characteristics of OSS projects.
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LEE, WOOJIN, JUIL KIM, and JANGMOOK KANG. "A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION OF NODE SOFTWARE USING LOW-LEVEL ATTRIBUTES IN USN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 22, no. 05 (August 2012): 675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194012500192.
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Nodes comprising ubiquitous sensor networks have limited processing speed, storage capacity and communication bandwidth. Developing a USN application considering such problems is a difficult task. In this paper, a framework for automated construction of node software using low-level attributes is presented in order to support the developers who are not familiar with developing USN applications for their effective development of USN applications. The presented framework consists of attributes necessary for designing an application, code templates necessary for generating softwares for sensor nodes in the application, and tools necessary for designing and generating the application. Through the presented framework, the developers can easily design a USN application by using low-level attributes and automatically generate node softwares for the USN application. Therefore, development productivity will be increased.
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Stojanovska-Georgievska, Lihnida, Ivana Sandeva, and Hristina Spasevska. "An empirical survey on the awareness of construction developers about green buildings in Macedonia." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170915023s.
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Green construction is becoming priority in developing a new scope to the construction itself. It emerges from the inevitable need to raise the environmental concern and to make effort to build sustainable, by balancing between the conservation of the environment and maintaining prosperity in development. Green design does not only make a positive impact on public health and the environment, it also reduces operating costs, enhances building and organizational marketability, increases occupant productivity, and helps create a sustainable community. This survey aims at determining the stage of knowledge and awareness about green buildings among most involved stakeholders. The survey targets basic understanding about green building and reveals the opinion about the advances and possible barriers for regulated construction of green buildings. This survey is conducted using the method of structured questionnaires and is based on the responses of 181 construction developers including designers, architects, civil engineers, technicians, workers in construction industry, investors, as well as legal representatives (decision makers). The overall results show high level of familiarization with the concept of green buildings (more than 75% of the respondents), and even higher percentage in expressing support of the idea for green buildings (less than 6% gave negative answers). The results obtained from three structured groups of questions (awareness, advantages & barriers, and possible areas for intervention) are discussed in comprehensive manner, by additional comparison with the results for global trends, in order to analyze thoroughly the current stage of awareness about green buildings in Macedonia.
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Arin, Ikrar Adinata. "Implementasi CMMI dalam Sebuah Organisasi Pengembang Software untuk Mencapai Return on Investment (ROI) yang Diinginkan." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i1.2420.
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The main mechanism to achieve a level of maturity in the organization of software developers is always focused, structured and consistent in carrying out work procedures of a quality standard applied. This article offers readers an approach and discourse of using CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integrated) concept that gives a positive impact on development of organizational business in a software developer. The goals of CMMI are getting the best product quality, increasing productivity, reducing operational costs as well as software development period and increasing customer’s satisfaction. Nevertheless, a leader of the organization should also be able to take important decisions to be consistent with the estimated time of desired return on investment (ROI).
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Landsberg, Joe. "Modelling forest ecosystems: state of the art, challenges, and future directions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-129.
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Forest models should in future combine the predictive power and flexibility of process-based models with the empirical information and descriptive accuracy of conventional mensuration-based models. Progress is likely to be rapid if model developers identify the potential users of their models and the needs of those users. Users include operational forest managers, planners, bureaucrats, politicians, community and environmental groups, scientists, and academics. Extant models that could be used immediately or could be adapted for use by these groups are reviewed. Currently available process-based models can provide good estimates of growth and biomass productivity at various scales; combined with conventional models they can provide information of the type required by managers and planners. Climate-driven models can provide good estimates of potential plantation productivity, while detailed process models contribute to our understanding of the way systems function and are essential for future progress. Technical challenges for the future include continued research on carbon-allocation processes, nutrient availability in soils, and nutrient uptake by trees. It is important that we have models that can be used to predict and analyze the effects of technologies such as clonal forestry and possible genetic manipulation, as well as intensive management in relation to nutrition, weed control, and disease control. Large-scale analysis of forest productivity is already possible using models driven by remote sensing; inclusion of nutrition should be a goal in this area. Moves towards active collaboration and the implementation of mixed models in operational systems, as well as improving communication between model developers and users, should ensure that practical problems are identified and fed back to modellers, which should lead to rapid progress.
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Bartsch, Sarah M., Elizabeth A. Mitgang, Gail Geller, Sarah N. Cox, Kelly J. O’Shea, Angie Boyce, Sheryl S. Siegmund, Jeffrey Kahn, and Bruce Y. Lee. "What If the Influenza Vaccine Did Not Offer Such Variable Protection?" Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 7 (May 9, 2020): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa240.
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Abstract Background The protection that an influenza vaccine offers can vary significantly from person to person due to differences in immune systems, body types, and other factors. The question, then, is what is the value of efforts to reduce this variability such as making vaccines more personalized and tailored to individuals. Methods We developed a compartment model of the United States to simulate different influenza seasons and the impact of reducing the variability in responses to the influenza vaccine across the population. Results Going from a vaccine that varied in efficacy (0–30%) to one that had a uniform 30% efficacy for everyone averted 16.0–31.2 million cases, $1.9–$3.6 billion in direct medical costs, and $16.1–$42.7 billion in productivity losses. Going from 0–50% in efficacy to just 50% for everyone averted 27.7–38.6 million cases, $3.3–$4.6 billion in direct medical costs, and $28.8–$57.4 billion in productivity losses. Going from 0–70% to 70% averted 33.6–54.1 million cases, $4.0–$6.5 billion in direct medical costs, and $44.8–$64.7 billion in productivity losses. Conclusions This study quantifies for policy makers, funders, and vaccine developers and manufacturers the potential impact of efforts to reduce variability in the protection that influenza vaccines offer (eg, developing vaccines that are more personalized to different individual factors).
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Gurmu, Argaw Tarekegn. "Identifying and prioritizing safety practices affecting construction labour productivity." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, no. 8 (November 11, 2019): 1457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-10-2018-0349.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritise the safety and health practices, which are suitable to improve labour productivity in building construction projects, and to investigate the association between company profiles, project characteristics and the safety practices. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed-method research design which involves two phases. In Phase I, qualitative data were collected and analysed to identify safety and health practices. In total, 19 experts who have experience in building construction projects were involved in the interviews. During Phase II, quantitative data were collected from contractors that are involved in the delivery of building projects using questionnaires which were administered via face-to-face interviews. After analysing the quantitative data, the safety and health practices were prioritised and the relationships between the practices and company profiles were investigated. Findings Safety and health policy, safety and health plan and hazard analysis are found to be the three most important practices that can improve productivity in building construction projects. The results of Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the level of implementation of the safety and health practices increases with project costs. Company experience and company size are positively associated with safety and health practices. Project delay is negatively correlated with safety and health practices. Originality/value The study provides useful information for international developers and contractors who want to do the construction business in Australia. Furthermore, contractors involved in the construction of building projects in Australia can implement the identified safety and health practices to improve labour productivity.
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Neto, Raul Antonio Cortiana, Kleinner Farias, Vinicius Bischoff, and Lucian José Gonçales. "Supporting collaborative modelling in UML class diagrams." Revista Brasileira de Computação Aplicada 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rbca.v11i3.8469.
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Background. Modeling architectural aspects of the system is an essential activity in software development. Inthis context, developers work in parallel, and collaborate to define application software models, such as classdiagrams. Problem. Although many software modeling tools have been proposed, there is a lack of distributed collaboration features. Solution. This study proposes C-SAMT, a web tool for collaborative modeling of UML class diagrams. Developers can benefit from using C-SAMT when performing modeling tasks, such as creating domain models in parallel, and collaboratively. Evaluation. We recruited 20 industry professionals to perform a qualitative evaluation of the tool through a questionnaire. Results. Majority of Industry professionals (85%, 17/20) reported that totally agree that the communication channel of the tool worked properly, they also (80%, 16/20) totally agreed the models generated collaboratively with C-SAMT had small numbers of conflicts, and they also (90%, 18/20) perceived improved productivity gains using the proposed tool. Conclusion. C-SAMT provided a collaborative environment, which were positively evaluated by developers, who reported that C-SAMT had a good communication channel between team members.
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Wei, Ran, Athanasios Zolotas, Horacio Hoyos Rodriguez, Simos Gerasimou, Dimitrios S. Kolovos, and Richard F. Paige. "Automatic generation of UML profile graphical editors for Papyrus." Software and Systems Modeling 19, no. 5 (August 11, 2020): 1083–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-020-00813-6.
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Abstract UML profiles offer an intuitive way for developers to build domain-specific modelling languages by reusing and extending UML concepts. Eclipse Papyrus is a powerful open-source UML modelling tool which supports UML profiling. However, with power comes complexity, implementing non-trivial UML profiles and their supporting editors in Papyrus typically requires the developers to handcraft and maintain a number of interconnected models through a loosely guided, labour-intensive and error-prone process. We demonstrate how metamodel annotations and model transformation techniques can help manage the complexity of Papyrus in the creation of UML profiles and their supporting editors. We present Jorvik, an open-source tool that implements the proposed approach. We illustrate its functionality with examples, and we evaluate our approach by comparing it against manual UML profile specification and editor implementation using a non-trivial enterprise modelling language (Archimate) as a case study. We also perform a user study in which developers are asked to produce identical editors using both Papyrus and Jorvik demonstrating the substantial productivity and maintainability benefits that Jorvik delivers.
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MohanRoopa Y and Ramamohan Reddy A. "An Optimized Component Selection Algorithm for Self-Adaptive Software Architecture Using the Component Repository." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2019040104.
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Component-based software engineering focuses on the development and reuse of components. The component reuse depends on the storage and retrieval processes. This article presents the component repository model for the developers to achieve good productivity. The component selection from the component repository according to the functionality and requirements is a crucial process. This article proposed an algorithm for optimizing component selection with functionality constraints like customer size, reliability, and performance. The experimental result evaluates the performance of the algorithm.
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Kersten, Mik, and Gail C. Murphy. "Reducing Friction for Knowledge Workers with Task Context." AI Magazine 36, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i2.2581.
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Knowledge workers perform work on many tasks per day and often switch between tasks. When performing work on a task, a knowledge worker must typically search, navigate and dig through file systems, documents and emails, all of which introduce friction into the flow of work. This friction can be reduced, and productivity improved, by capturing and modeling the context of a knowledge worker’s task based on how the knowledge worker interacts with an information space. Captured task contexts can be used to facilitate switching between tasks, to focus a user interface on just the information needed by a task and to recommend potentially other useful information. We report on the use of task contexts and the effect of context on productivity for a particular kind of knowledge worker, software developers. We also report on qualitative findings of the use of task contexts by a more general population of knowledge workers.
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Sharma, Neeraj. "Containerization of Web Application using Docker." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35152.
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Containerization in modern times became an efficient way of increasing productivity in IT development and operation processes. As the corporate world keeps growing, people want optimize the use of docker and want the proper usage of this valuable tool. Most of the companies and developers make use of Docker containers because it is a drastic improvement for cloud development, and DevOps more specifically. In this research, I present a detailed explanation of Docker technology which will comprise all the major aspects of docker. Further the paper will give an overview about deployment of web application using docker.
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Yiftachel, Peleg, Irit Hadar, Dan Peled, Eitan Farchi, and Dan Goldwasser. "The Study of Resource Allocation among Software Development Phases: An Economics-Based Approach." Advances in Software Engineering 2011 (January 12, 2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/579292.
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This paper presents an economics-based approach for studying the problem of resource allocation among software development phases. Our approach is structured along two parallel axes: theoretical and empirical. We developed a general economic model for analyzing the allocation problem as a constrained profit maximization problem. The model, based on a novel concept of software production function, considers the effects of different allocations of development resources on output measures of the resulting software product. An empirical environment for evaluating and refining the model is presented, and a first exploratory study for characterizing the model's components and developers' resource allocation decisions is described. The findings illustrate how the model can be applied and validate its underlying assumptions and usability. Future quantitative empirical studies can refine and substantiate various aspects of the proposed model and ultimately improve the productivity of software development processes.
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Kyrychenko, I. V., A. V. Nazarenko, and R. O. Popov. "Optimization and scaling Node.js apps." Bionics of Intelligence 2, no. 95 (December 2, 2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/bi.2020.2(95).04.
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The relevance of this work is due to the fact that Node.js is rapidly becoming one of the most popular platforms for building fast, scalable web and mobile applications. In fact, the 2017 Node.js User Survey reveals that there are currently over 7 million Node.js instances online, with three in four users planning to increase their use of Node.js in the next 12 months. And it’s easy to see why: 68 percent of those users say Node.js improves developer productivity, 58 report it reduces development costs, and 50 percent say it increases application performance. As Node.js increasingly becomes the preferred technology for application development, the demand for expert Node.js developers will also continue to increase. The paper considers the problem of scaling and optimization of Node.js applications. Several approaches to developing Node.js applications have been proposed to help optimize code execution speed and develop solutions that are easy to scale.
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Molino, Piero, and Christopher Ré. "Declarative Machine Learning Systems." Queue 19, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 46–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3475965.3479315.
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The people training and using ML models now are typically experienced developers with years of study working within large organizations, but the next wave of ML systems should allow a substantially larger number of people, potentially without any coding skills, to perform the same tasks. These new ML systems will not require users to fully understand all the details of how models are trained and used for obtaining predictions, but will provide them a more abstract interface that is less demanding and more familiar. Declarative interfaces are well-suited for this goal, by hiding complexity and favoring separation of interest, and ultimately leading to increased productivity.
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Burchardt, Aljoscha, Arle Lommel, Lindsay Bywood, Kim Harris, and Maja Popović. "Machine translation quality in an audiovisual context." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.2.03bur.
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Abstract The volume of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is increasing to meet the rising demand for data that needs to be accessible around the world. Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most innovative technologies to be deployed in the field of translation, but it is still too early to predict how it can support the creativity and productivity of professional translators in the future. Currently, MT is more widely used in (non-AV) text translation than in AVT. In this article, we discuss MT technology and demonstrate why its use in AVT scenarios is particularly challenging. We also present some potentially useful methods and tools for measuring MT quality that have been developed primarily for text translation. The ultimate objective is to bridge the gap between the tech-savvy AVT community, on the one hand, and researchers and developers in the field of high-quality MT, on the other.
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Little, Bob. "The business and learning benefits of an LCMS." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 4 (April 4, 2016): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-11-2015-0077.
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Purpose – An outline of two large organisations’ independent searches for a suitable system that enables them to create, collate and curate digital learning materials, along with updating, managing them and monitoring their use efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges and issues each organisation faces – and sets out how they have overcome them satisfactorily, having reached, independently, a common conclusion. Design/methodology/approach – Two case studies, making use of producer, distributor and user interviews. Findings – Discovering the appropriate learning content management system (LCMS) for your organisation can bring tangible benefits – for the organisation (via improving productivity, efficiency and eliminating “silos” in production), learning and development professionals (in charge of the whole process) and individual workers/learners. Research limitations/implications – The value of a LCMS in meeting business and learning needs – from the points of view of both content creation and accessing learning materials. Practical implications – Implemented successfully, an LCMS can improve learning content developers’ productivity in quantity and quality terms – among other things, through providing a standard framework that produces homogeneity of approach and look-and-feel to the learning materials. This helps improve learning and development professionals’ efficiency and effectiveness. It also enables the organisation to achieve its business targets and goals through developing its people. Moreover, accessing the LCMS through the Cloud means that all the custom-built content produced by third party developers exists on the system. This makes it simpler, easier and faster to update these materials. Social implications – Through the LCMS, learners can access what they need as and whenever they require it. Originality/value – An attempt to discern modern approaches to in-house learning content development through two recent cases.
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Farkas, Izabella Ingrid, Kristóf Szabados, and Attila Kovács. "Improving productivity in large scale testing at the compiler level by changing the intermediate language from C++ to Java." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 134–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausi-2021-0007.
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Abstract This paper is based on research results achieved by a collaboration between Ericsson Hungary Ltd. and the Large Scale Testing Research Lab of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. We present design issues and empirical observations on extending an existing industrial toolset with a new intermediate language1. Context: The industry partner’s toolset is using C/C++ as an intermediate language, providing good execution performance, but “somewhat long” build times, o ering a sub-optimal experience for users. Objective: In cooperation with our industry partner our task was to perform an experiment with Java as a different intermediate language and evaluate results, to see if this could improve build times. Method: We extended the mentioned toolset to use Java as an intermediate language. Results: Our measurements show that using Java as an intermediate language improves build times significantly. We also found that, while the runtime performance of C/C++ is better in some situations, Java, at least in our testing scenarios, can be a viable alternative to improve developer productivity. Our contribution is unique in the sense that both ways of building and execution can use the same source code as input, written in the same language, generate intermediate codes with the same high-level structure, compile into executables that are configured using the same files, run on the same machine, show the same behaviour and generate the same logs. Conclusions: We created an alternative build pipeline that might enhance the productivity of our industry partner’s test developers by reducing the length of builds during their daily work.
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Chadburn, Ana, Judy Smith, and Joshua Milan. "Productivity drivers of knowledge workers in the central London office environment." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 19, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-12-2015-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the drivers that allow for enhanced personal productivity of knowledge-based workers in Central London focusing on the physical and social environment as well as worker’s individual preferences. Design/methodology/approach A closed-ended questionnaire was sent to employees of eight professional companies (Consultancy, Financial and Media Services) based in Central London. Of the 500 questionnaires sent, 213 were successfully completed and returned, representing a response rate of 42.6 per cent. Findings The findings from this trial study show that comfort, convenience, IT connectivity, good design and working to a specific time scale were strong drivers of personal productivity. Knowledge workers prefer a flexible range of office settings that enable both a stimulating open and connected work environment, knowledge sharing, collaboration, as well as quiet concentration locations, free of distractions and noise. It was also found that moves of knowledge workers into open-plan office space (and especially fee earners) is normally met with initial resistance. However, there is normally greater acceptance of open space after experiencing an actual move into open-plan, with benefits improving teamwork and communication being highlighted. The research also stresses that office design considerations need to be closer aligned with knowledge worker’s overall well-being and individual psychological needs. Research limitations/implications Limited to Central London offices and self-assessed evaluation of productivity drivers within the knowledge worker’s office environment. Practical implications Corporate real estate managers and office occupiers, designers and facilities managers can use the findings as part of their workplace strategy by providing a range of flexible workplaces that allow the knowledge worker a place for greater personal productivity through the provision of a well-designed collaborative office environment alongside private and quiet working spaces. Developers and landlords should also be aware of these requirements when taking their decisions. Originality/value This paper focuses specifically on the high-productivity knowledge-based work environment, demonstrating that there is a need to consider the collaborative physical and social environment and the individual preferences of knowledge workers to ensure enhanced personal productivity and well-being within the office. This can be achieved through the provision of a well-designed office space that allows for open, connected and comfortable work environments, as well as opportunities to use dedicated concentration spaces that are free of distraction. It was also shown that hot-desking was unanimously disliked by knowledge workers.
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Suryadimal, Suryadimal. "Meta Analisis Pengembangan Assesment Kelayakan Sistim Pembangkit Tenaga Air." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 18, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v18i2.260.
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Abstract-This study aims to determine the feasibility assessment of hydroelectricity to feasibility studies that have been conducted in various developing and developed countries. In a feasibility study usually consider various important aspects such as technical and non technical aspects that will affect the productivity of a feasibility study.Methododologi research based on the meta-analysis method, in which the analysis is based on a review of a number of research results on similar issues in the case of a feasibility assessment of the power plant system. Approaches are based on journal articles and research reports that are taken based on their compatibility with the theme of research. The technical aspects used are hydraulic and civil aspects, mechanical and electrical aspects, while non technical aspects are economic, social and cultural aspects. So with the development of this feasibility rating model can be a reference for developers, government and investors to decide the feasibility of a power plant investment
Keywords: Assessment Feasibility, Hydropower, Power Plant, Feasibility Study, Meta analysis
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Won, Jung-Hyun, and Howard Lee. "Can the COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupt the Current Drug Development Practices?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115457.
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Therapeutics and vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic need to be developed rapidly and efficiently, given its severity. To maximize the efficiency and productivity of drug development, the world has adopted disruptive technologies and approaches in various drug development areas. Telehealth, characterized by the heavy use of digital technologies; drug repositioning strategies, aided by computational breakthroughs; and data tracking tool hubs, enabling real-time information sharing, have received much attention. Moreover, drug developers have engaged in open innovation by establishing various types of collaborations, many of which have been carried out across nations and enterprises. Finally, regulatory agencies have attempted to operate on a more flexible review basis than before. Although such disruptive approaches have partly reshaped drug development practices, issues and challenges remain before the completion of this paradigm shift in conventional drug development practices for the post-pandemic era. In this review, we have highlighted the role of a collaborative community of experts in order to figure out how disruptive technologies can be fully integrated into the current drug development practices and improve drug development efficiency for the post-pandemic era.
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Lock, Simon. "The management of socio-technical systems using configuration modelling." Human Systems Management 23, no. 1 (March 5, 2004): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2004-23103.
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In this paper we describe a new approach and support tool for the modelling and analysis of socio-technical system configurations. This novel approach has been developed for use on systems composed of a wide variety of different components including social and organisational elements, in addition to the more traditional software and hardware aspects. Configuration models of such systems are lightweight and quick to construct and can help to promote understanding by the various stakeholders involved in system development, operation and evolution. These models also provide the data required for performing various useful forms of automated analysis. The results of such analysis can allow managers, administrators, developers and end users to investigate various efficiency, productivity and dependability attributes of the current configuration of a system. This can help support decisions about the evolution of a system by allowing the assessment of proposed changes such as the addition or removal of components, processes and structures. In this paper we utilise a real world case study in order to demonstrate and evaluate the utility of the described approach.
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Jahanger, Qais K., Joseph Louis, Catarina Pestana, and David Trejo. "Potential positive impacts of digitalization of construction-phase information management for project owners." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (January 25, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.001.
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Productivity in the US construction industry has been widely reported to be on the decline and among several causes identified, the lack of innovation in project management practices has been described as having led to lost productivity, especially in the face of growing project complexity and the increasing need for enhanced stakeholder collaboration. Digitalization has the potential to improve project management and thus help in reversing this decline in productivity. However, several public agencies have not fully adopted construction or document management software, known herein as digital construction-phase information management (DCIM) systems. This paper identifies the potential positive impacts that stem from the use of such technologies towards project management with the goal of incentivizing their use. Eighteen such potential positive impacts of DCIM systems on project management for public owners were identified and verified using a systematic literature review and statistical analysis of survey responses from industry professionals. Furthermore, a comparison between two representative types of public owners was performed to identify how owner preferences vary in the industry. The results show an overall agreement amongst end-users regarding the identified potential positive impacts of DCIM systems. The result further identified the top five potential positive impacts with a significant strong agreement. The analysis also identified differences in what impacts were most significant to the two types of tested sub-populations. These findings can enhance project owners’ understanding of the potential positive impacts brought using digitalization in the project administration and delivery process. This research can also enhance DCIM systems developers’ understanding of the needs of end-users, particularly project owners, and guide the development of future solutions for project administration and delivery.
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Randall, C. W. "Potential societal and economic impacts of wastewater nutrient removal and recycling." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0004.
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Because adequate nutrient controls were not established when there were past opportunities to do so, nutrient pollution of estuaries and coastal waters has resulted in the impairment of ecosystems and major reductions or collapse of fisheries at numerous sites around the world, resulting in major economical and societal impacts. The root of the problem is that the political policies and processes have permitted municipalities, developers, industries and farmers to expand and operate without paying the full cost of their activities, and this has been done at the expense of those who rely on the productivity and recreational value of our estuarine and coastal waters. Some governments have developed remedial nutrient control programs, but most of them have been under funded and inadequately enforced, resulting in small increments of progress that tend to be lost because of inadequate land use and immigration controls. It is believed that nutrient recovery and controlled reuse can provide a major tool for the control of nutrient pollution and should be widely implemented. Plans are currently being developed to promote widespread use of nutrient recovery and reuse in the Chesapeake Bay region of the USA. An example of phosphorus reuse is presented.
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Mariani, Marcello, Stefano Bresciani, and Giovanni Battista Dagnino. "The competitive productivity (CP) of tourism destinations: an integrative conceptual framework and a reflection on big data and analytics." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 9 (April 9, 2021): 2970–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2020-1102.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold. First, this study elaborates an integrative conceptual framework of tourism destination competitive productivity (TDCP) by blending established destination competitiveness frameworks, the competitive productivity (CP) framework and studies pertaining to big data and big data analytics (BDA) within destination management information systems and smart tourism destinations. Second, this study examines the drivers of TDCP in the context of the ongoing 4th industrial revolution by conceptualizing the destination business intelligence unit (DBIU) as a platform able to create sustained destination business intelligence under the guise of BDA, useful to support destination managers to achieve the tourism destination’s economic objectives. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the authors leverage both extant literature (under the guise of research on CP, tourism destination competitiveness [TDC] and destination management information systems) and empirical work (in the form of interviews and field work involving destination managers and chief executive officers of destination management organizations and convention bureaus, as well as secondary data) to elaborate, develop and present an integrative conceptual framework of TDCP. Findings The integrative conceptual framework of TDCP elaborated has been found helpful by a number of destination managers trying to understand how to effectively and efficiently manage and market a tourism destination in today’s fast-paced, digital and hypercompetitive environment. While DBIUs are at different stages of implementation, often as part of broader smart destination initiatives, it appears that they are increasingly fulfilling the purpose of creating sustained destination business intelligence by means of BDA to help tourism destinations achieve their economic goals. Research limitations/implications This work bears several practical implications for tourism policymakers, destination managers and marketers, technology developers, as well as tourism and hospitality firms and practitioners. Tourism policymakers could embed TDCP into tourism and economic policies, and destination managers and marketers might build and make use of platforms such as the proposed DBIU. Technology developers need to understand that designing destination management information systems in general and more specifically DBIUs requires an in-depth analysis of the stakeholders that are going to contribute, share, control and use BDA. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study constitutes the first attempt to integrate the CP, TDC and destination management information systems research streams to elaborate an integrative conceptual framework of TDCP. Second, the authors contribute to the Industry 4.0 research stream by examining the drivers of tourism destination CP in the context of the ongoing 4th industrial revolution. Third, the authors contribute to the destination management information systems research stream by introducing and conceptualizing the DBIU and the related sustained destination business intelligence.
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Alshehri, Sultan, Abdulmajeed Aljuhani, and Luigi Benedicenti. "Choosing Automated or Manual Testing in Extreme Programming with the Analytical Hierarchy Process." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 15, no. 11 (August 23, 2016): 7243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v15i11.4360.
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Extreme Programming (XP) has been called one of the most successful methods in software development. XP comprises a set of practices designed to work together to provide value to the customer. During the XP lifecycle, developers and customers regularly encounter situations in which they need to make decisions or evaluate factors. This affects the development process and team productivity. We propose to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a means to systematize and streamline the decision process. AHP eliminates conflict because it elaborates input from every member of the team. Thus, the adoption of AHP can help accomplish XP values and fulfill team needs. This paper presents an example of applying the AHP to decide which testing technique to adopt depending on a series of project-specific parameters.
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Edberg, Dana T., and Brent J. Bowman. "User-Developed Applications: An Empirical Study of Application Quality and Developer Productivity." Journal of Management Information Systems 13, no. 1 (June 1996): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1996.11518117.
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Vakaliuk, Tetiana A., Valerii V. Kontsedailo, and Iryna S. Mintii. "Professional soft competencies of future software engineers: key concepts." Освітній вимір 54, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.v54i2.3859.
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The conceptual apparatus was analyzed in the article and the interpretation of the basic concepts of different authors was considered. The analysis of scientific sources allowed to generalize the concept of “professional soft competencies” as follows: it is a set of non-specialized competencies that in one way or another relate to problem solving, interaction between people and are responsible for successful participation in the work process, high productivity and , in contrast to specialized competencies, not related to a specific area, equipment control and technical skills. They cover the following aspects of behavior: situational awareness, decision making, error management, interpersonal communication, and so on. In general, these competencies are important for software developers, as software development projects are organized on the basis of teams or groups, where software engineers make up the majority of the team.
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Beard-Gunter, Alison, David Geraint Ellis, and Pauline Anne Found. "TQM, games design and the implications of integration in Industry 4.0 systems." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 11, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-09-2018-0084.
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Purpose Voluntary participation, feedback loops, rules and goals are key elements of total quality management (TQM). The purpose of this paper is to determine if these four elements which make TQM successful are the same elements that make computer games successful. If this is the case, what are the implications for developers of Human Computer Interfaces (HCI) in Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a systematic literature review of recent literature on engagement in games and user experiences and HCI design for industry followed by interpretation of the literature. The findings from the literature review are analysed and compared to TQM. Findings Good game design and TQM share four key components: goals, rules, a feedback system (including rewards) and voluntary participation. There is an opportunity for HCI developers to use a user experience lens inherent in games evolution and to expand on the design and motivational elements that have made games and TQM successful at motivating and engaging. Kuutti’s (1995) proposal of activity theory puts forward a promising framework for making systems engaging. There are positive implications merging good games design and TQM in socio-technic systems which could improve engagement and quality in companies implementing in Industy 4.0. Research limitations/implications The implications of achieving increased engagement in HCI systems similar to those seen in companies that have successfully implemented TQM could lead to greater productivity in companies operating in the highly technical environments of Industry 4.0. Originality/value The originality of this paper is threefold: first, a description of the origins in industry of voluntary participation, feedback loops, rules and goals and their relationship to TQM; second, a systematic literature review of the same elements in computer games design; and third, the implications for developers of HCI systems in Industry 4.0.
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Lee, Fong Yee, Mohd Afizi bin Mohd Shukran, and Chee Kong Wong. "Responsive Web Design for Mobile Device Screen Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1460.
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The robust development of the telecommunication technologies has boosted the massive production of the mobile devices such as smartphones, phablets, tablets, and laptops. The use of these mobile devices has experienced an explosive growth and come in vary screen sizes. This development has changed the way how web contents is organized and displayed on screen. This paper compares the different responsive approaches, which works well with various device screens. However, the main focus of this paper is on Responsive Web Design (RWD) since it is highly applicable. RWD techniques and tools, issues and reviews of RWD are also discussed in this paper. The objectives of this paper are finding the best responsive approach, identifying well practices and suggesting future works. Along this line, this paper serves, as a guide that enables designers and developers to gain better understanding of the RWD and hence improve their productivity.