Relevant bibliographies by topics / Developmental biology/Embryology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Developmental biology/Embryology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Developmental biology/Embryology"

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Gilroy, Anne M. "Human Embryology and Developmental Biology." Clinical Anatomy 13, no. 2 (2000): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(2000)13:2<146::aid-ca10>3.0.co;2-k.

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Marcey, David, and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard. "Developmental biology: Embryology goes fishing." Nature 321, no. 6068 (May 1986): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321380a0.

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Ghaskadbi, Surendra. "Leela Mulherkar and the teaching of developmental biology." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 1-2-3 (2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.200147sg.

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The formal teaching of developmental biology in India began in the late nineteen-fifties at the Department of Zoology of the University of Poona. This was due to the efforts of Leela Mulherkar, who on her return from C.H. Waddington’s laboratory in Edinburgh, took up the teaching of embryology at the Master’s level. Mulherkar began using locally available material to teach how animals develop. They included the embryos of chicken, frog, garden lizard and molluscs, as well as organisms such as hydra and sponges. Her teaching was supported by an active research laboratory that used all these systems to address a variety of questions in embryology and teratology. She used chick embryo explants cultured in vitro extensively in her work. Teaching and research in embryology at the master’s and doctoral levels at Poona University subsequently led, in 1977, to the establishment of the Indian Society of Developmental Biologists (InSDB), which is among the most active scientific societies in India.
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Roush, W. "Developmental Biology: Zebrafish Embryology Builds Better Model Vertebrate." Science 272, no. 5265 (May 24, 1996): 1103–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5265.1103.

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Korzh, Vladimir. "Boris Balinsky: transition from embryology to developmental biology." BioEssays 27, no. 9 (2005): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.20253.

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Richardson, Michael, Roger Keynes, Paula Mabee, and Lynne Selwood. "Founding Editorial: Embryology — An Integrated Approach." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.298.

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We introduce the Embryology domain of TheScientificWorld and outline the scope and aims. We argue for an interdisciplinary approach to problems in develop-mental biology. Three areas are identified as being of particular relevance to this domain: evolutionary developmental biology, teratology, and descriptive or experimental embryology.
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Shivanna, Kundaranahalli R., and Rajesh Tandon. "Developmental biology of dispersed pollen grains." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 1-2-3 (2020): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.190166ks.

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Professor Panchanan Maheshwari served as Professor and Head of the Department of Botany, University of Delhi, from 1950 to 1966 and built an internationally reputed School of integrated plant embryology. Studies carried out during and after Maheshwari’s period from this School have enormously advanced our knowledge of the structural, developmental and functional aspects of embryological processes. This review covers studies carried out at the Delhi School on the developmental biology of dispersed pollen grains which operate from pollen dispersal from the anthers until pollen tubes discharge the male gametes in the embryo sac for fertilization. These events include pollen viability and vigour, pollen germination and pollen tube growth, structural details of the pistil relevant to pollen function, pollination and pollen-pistil interaction.
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Martín-Durán, José M., Francisco Monjo, and Rafael Romero. "Planarian embryology in the era of comparative developmental biology." International Journal of Developmental Biology 56, no. 1-2-3 (2012): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.113442jm.

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Kloc, Malgorzata, Marek Maleszewski, and Andrzej K. Tarkowski. "Developmental Biology in Poland. Preface." International Journal of Developmental Biology 52, no. 2-3 (2008): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072378mk.

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Okada, T. S. "Lens studies continue to provide landmarks of embryology (developmental biology)." Journal of Biosciences 25, no. 2 (June 2000): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404908.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Developmental biology/Embryology"

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Koyama, Kristina. "Studies on development in Euphilomedes ostracods: Embryology, nervous system development, and the genetics of sexually dimorphic eye development." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2978.

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Model organism studies have been fundamental in understanding evolutionary and developmental biology. However, non-model organisms present opportunities to study unique characteristics and as comparisons to model organisms, leading us toward broader and more relevant perspectives on diversity. The Euphilomedes genus of ostracods is an example of a non-model group with potential for evolutionary and developmental studies. Ostracoda is an ancient, basally branching lineage of Crustaceans with a complete and prodigious fossil record. Despite the group’s promise for evolutionary studies, much remains unknown about the basic biology of this clade. There are a limited number of embryogenesis studies in Ostracoda; here, I study development in Euphilomedes. In Chapter 1, I study the main events in Euphilomedes’ embryology, focusing on cleavage and cell migration. I describe the general embryology of Euphilomedes, and devise a visual staging scheme for their development. Using fluorescent nuclear staining and microscopy, I visualize nuclei in cleavage throughout development of nuclear divisions and migrations during development. The meroblastic cleavage observed in Euphilomedes resembles that of another Myodocopid ostracod, Vargula hilgendorfii. Finally, immunostaining for acetylated-alpha tubulin and phalloidin staining are used to visualize the general anatomy of the embryonic brain. This provides new protocols for visualizing the nervous system, enabling more detailed nervous system studies in the future. In Chapter 2, I explore differential gene expression patterns in the developing eyes of juvenile Euphilomedes. Euphilomedes have sexually dimorphic eye types – males have lateral compound eyes, while females instead have eye rudiments. Previous studies in E. carcharodonta show that genes in the retinal determination and phototransduction gene networks have differential expression in males and females during eye development. In this thesis, we attempt to compare these patterns to expression in a sister species, E. morini.
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Cravo, Roberta Mascioli. "Controle da expressão do gene ALDH1A2 (RALDH2) durante o desenvolvimento: uma abordagem filogenética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-11112008-154726/.

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O ácido retinóico (AR) é essencial para a embriogênese. A principal enzima sintetizadora de AR durante o desenvolvimento é a ALDH1A2 (RALDH2), uma retinaldeído desidrogenase que converte retinaldeído a AR. Para entendermos como o gene da aldh1a2 é regulado identificamos regiões evolutivamente conservadas (ECRs) em vertebrados e testamos seu potencial regulatório. Identificamos uma ECR localizada no intron1 da aldh1a2, conservada em anfíbios, aves e mamíferos que atua como um enhancer em estruturas derivadas de ectoderme, endoderme e mesoderme. Animais transgênicos transientes e permanentes mostram a ativação desse enhancer na região da placa do teto do tubo neural e epicárdio, local onde esse enhancer é ativado em células derivadas do órgão pro-epicárdico após o contato e/ou proximidade com células do miocárdio. A identificação de um enhancer conservado no gene da aldh1a2 suporta a idéia de que esse gene possui uma regulação modular e mostra que a abordagem evolutiva é uma eficiente ferramenta para a identificação de mecanismos de controle desse gene.
Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for embryogenesis. The key RA synthetic enzyme during early development is ALDH1A2 (RALDH2), a retinaldehyde dehydrogenase that converts retinaldehyde into RA. To understand how aldh1a2 is regulated we screened the gene for evolutionary conserved regions (ECRs) among vertebrates and assayed their regulatory potential. We describe an aldh1a2 intron 1 ECR (identified as RALDH2.2) that is conserved in amphibians, avians and humans and acts as an enhancer in derivatives of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Transient and stable transgenesis in mice reveal strong activity of the raldh2 intron 1 enhancer at the roof plate of the neural tube and at the growing epicardium. Transgenic mice indicate that the enhancer is activated in proepicardium-derived cells by contact and/or close proximity to the myocardium. The identification of an aldh1a2 conserved enhancer supports the idea of a modular regulation and shows that the evolutionary approach is an efficient tool to identify control mechanisms of the aldh1a2 gene.
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Woll, Steven Cody. "Insulin-like Growth Factor Pathway Described in Austrofundulus limnaeus Diapause and Escape Embryos." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3207.

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Development in the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can follow two distinct developmental trajectories. Typical development includes the entrance of embryos into a state of metabolic and developmental arrest termed diapause. Alternately, embryos can escape diapause and develop directly without pause. These two trajectories are characterized by differences in the rate and timing of developmental, morphological, and physiological traits. Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) is known to regulate entrance into diapause in a variety of invertebrates. In this thesis I explore the possible role of IGFs in the regulation of development and diapause in embryos of A. limnaeus. Here I report stage-specific expression of IGF-I and II proteins and their associated mRNA transcripts. Patterns of IGF-I protein expression are consistent with IGF signaling playing a major role in supporting the escape trajectory. In addition, treatment of embryos with a potent inhibitor of the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R) mimics the diapause developmental pattern even under conditions that should favor direct development. Evaluation of mRNA gene expression patterns in the two developmental trajectories suggests a role for IGF-I signaling through the RAS-MAPK-ERK pathway, which may be promoting the escape phenotype. Additionally, IGF-I activity may be enhanced in escape trajectory embryos though upregulation of IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) mRNA. These data suggest a major role for IGF signaling in the promotion of the escape trajectory, and thus we predict that specific mechanisms are in place in diapause-bound embryos that block IGF signaling and thus promote entrance into diapause. The data presented here suggest that blocking IGF signaling is critical for induction of diapause, but also suggests that other signaling pathways are likely also at play. Other pathways such at the TGF-beta signaling molecules and SMAD pathway, may also be involved in the direct regulation of the diapause phenotype, as has been shown for other animal models of developmental arrest.
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Bentaya, Souhila. "Etude de la fonction de la protéine de liaison à l'ARN XSEB4R dans la formation de l'ectoderme chez le xénope." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209490.

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Une étape initiale fondamentale dans le développement des vertébrés est l'organisation des cellules de l'embryon en trois feuillets embryonnaires primordiaux: ectoderme, mésoderme et endoderme. Chez l'embryon de xénope, le développement de l'endoderme et l’induction du mésoderme est initié par le gène maternel VegT codant pour un facteur de transcription à boîte T dont l'ARNm est localisé au pôle végétatif de l'ovocyte. Actuellement, les facteurs et mécanismes impliqués dans la formation de l'ectoderme, qui reste pluripotent jusqu'à la gastrulation, sont mal connus.

Des travaux récents du laboratoire ont montré que le gène XSeb4R, codant pour une protéine de liaison à l'ARN à motif RRM, présente maternellement de manière ubiquitaire dans la blastula, interagit directement avec la région 3'UTR de l'ARNm VegT, stabilisant et stimulant sa traduction. La déplétion de XSEB4R inhibe la formation de l'endoderme et du mésoderme et sa surproduction produit l’effet inverse. Ces observations ont montré que XSeb4R joue un rôle essentiel via VegT dans la formation de l'endoderme et du mésoderme.

Dans cette étude, nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle XSeb4R jouerait également un rôle au pôle animal dans la spécification de l’ectoderme. Nos résultats montrent que la protéine XSEB4R lie les régions 3’UTR des transcrits Sox3, Zic2a et Zic2b. Nous avons observé que la surexpression de XSeb4R stabilise les transcrits maternels Sox3 et Zic2 a et b, et qu’elle active la traduction des transcrits Zic2b mais pas celle de Sox3 ou Zic2a. Enfin, nous avons montré que la perte de fonction de XSeb4R induit une expansion du mésoderme vers l’ectoderme dans l’embryon au stade blastula. Ces résultats démontrent que XSeb4R joue un rôle important dans la spécification de l’ectoderme chez l’embryon de xénope.


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Bonavia, Sara. "An in vitro model for the mouse Epiblast to investigate the establishment of the antero-posterior polarity." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7120.

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Le développement d'un embryon est une interaction de phénomènes, impliquant des réarrangements morphogénétiques, mouvement collective et différenciation cellulaire. Comment une forme complexe, composée de nombreux tissus différents, résulte d'un pool symétrique de cellules identiques n'est pas encore totalement dévoilé. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à comprendre l'un des premiers événements qui brise la symétrie de l'embryon et établit une direction dans laquelle les différents tissus du futur corps seront répartis : l'établissement de la polarité antéro-postérieure (A-P), qui marquera le locus où la gastrulation va commencer. La manière dont cet axe est établi a été partiellement élucidée. Nous savons que le processus est contrôlé par des signaux chimiques, morphogènes, sécrétés par certains sous-groupes de cellules du tissu extra-embryonnaire. Les conditions minimales d'observation de la polarité ne sont cependant pas encore claires. Avec ce travail, nous avons l'intention de construire un système synthétique in vitro pour découvrir les ingrédients minimaux pour observer la brisure de symétrie dans une structure symétrique, qui imite l'épiblaste en morphologie et en expression génétique. Nous observons comment ce système réagit sous stimulation homogène avec des morphogènes. Nous comparons les résultats obtenus, à une situation où la symétrie du stimulus est brisée. Pour stimuler les cellules avec un stimulus directionnel, nous faisons recours à la microfluidique : nous avons développé un dispositif qui nous permet de stimuler notre épiblaste synthétique avec un gradient de morphogènes. Notre dispositif d'origine reposait sur un débit continu pour établir un puits et une source parfaits pour maintenir le gradient. Nous avons observé une perte d’expression du gene Nodal que nous n'avons pas observée en stimulant les organoïdes uniformément. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que le débit continu est responsable de l'élimination d'une partie de la signalisation sécrétée par les cellules. En modifiant le dispositif pour induire une stimulation uniforme, mais en produisant un gradient de molécules sécrétées, nous avons pu observer la polarité des organoïdes d'une manière plus cohérente qu'en les stimulant uniformément. Nous concluons que ces expériences suggèrent l'existence d'un mécanisme d'autorégulation dans l'embryon pour établir la polarité, et que ce mécanisme coopère avec d'autres pour assurer la robustesse de la polarisation, et qu'une source localisée de molécules de signalisation pourrait être pertinente pour augmenter la fréquence de l'observation de la polarité des organoides des cellules souches embryonnaires. Nous prévoyons que d'autres études utilisant des gradients statiques permettront de pousser ce résultat plus loin. Enfin, nous proposons un système qui permettrait d'étudier un aspect sous-investi du développement : le rôle du confinement physique. Comme on le voit, l'embryon précoce est confiné par le tissu extra-embryonnaire, lui appliquant une contrainte. Nous suggérons qu'il serait intéressant d'étudier l'aspect confinement, en le dissociant de l'aspect signalisation. Pour ce faire, nous proposons d'adapter une méthode d'encapsulation développée à l'origine pour cultiver des organoïdes de cellules cancéreuses, pour encapsuler des cellules souches embryonnaires
The development of an embryo is an interplay of phenomena, involving morphogenetic rearrangements, collective migration and cell differentiation. How a complex shape, made of many different tissues, arises from a symmetric pool of identical cells is still not fully unveiled. In this thesis, we are interested in understanding one of the first events that breaks the symmetry of the embryo and establishes a direction along which, the different tissues of the future body will be allocated: the establishment of the Antero-Posterior polarity (A-P), that will mark the locus at will gastrulation will start. How this axis is established has been partly elucidated. We know that the process is controlled by some chemical signalling, morphogens, released by some subgroups of cells in the extra-embryonic tissue. The minimal conditions for observing polarity however are still not clear. With this work we intend to build a synthetic in vitro system to find out the minimal ingredients to observe symmetry breaking in a symmetrical structure, that mimics the Epiblast in morphology and gene expression. We observe how this system reacts under homogeneous stimulation with morphogens. We compare the results obtained, to a situation where the symmetry of the stimulus is broken. To feed the cells with a directional stimulus, we make use of microfluidics: we developed a device that allows us to stimulate our synthetic Epiblast with a gradient of morphogens. Our original device was relying on continuous flow to establish a perfect sink and source to maintain the gradient. We observed a loss of Nodal expression that we did not observe when stimulating the organoids in bulk. We hypothesise the continuous flow to be accountable for washing out some secreted signalling downstream of the signal we induce differentiation with. By modifying the device to induce a uniform stimulation, but producing a gradient of secreted molecules, we were able to observe polarity arising in the organoids in a more consistent way than in bulk. We conclude that these experiments hint to the existence of a self-regulated mechanism in the embryo to establish polarity, and that this mechanism co-operate with others to ensure the robustness of the polarisation, and that a localised source of signalling molecules could be relevant to increase the frequency of observation of polarity in Embryonic Stem Cells only organoids. We anticipate that further studies making use of static gradients devices would allow to push this result further. Last, we propose a system that would allow the study of an underinvestigated aspect of development: the role pf physical confinement. As seen, the early embryo is confined by the Extra-embryonic tissue, applying a constraint to it. We suggest that it would be interesting to study the confinement aspect, uncoupling it from the signalling aspect. To do so, we propose to adapt an encapsulation method originally developed to grow cancer cells organoids, to encapsulate Embryonic Stem Cells
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Ringvall, Maria. "Functions of Heparan Sulfate During Mouse Development : Studies of Mice with Genetically Altered Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4244.

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Oliveira, Bruno de. "Estudo do potencial vascular de precursores de vasos coronários em sítio adulto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-22072011-150121/.

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O Proepicárdio (PE) é uma estrutura transitória que dá origem aos componentes dos vasos coronários. Para avaliar seu potencial vascular em sítio adulto, transplantamos um coração neonatal para o pavilhão auricular de um animal adulto. Duas semanas depois, 2 PEs de embriões GFP+ foram transferidos para a superfície deste coração. Em outro grupo, transferimos os PEs diretamente para o pavilhão auricular. Para avaliar a incorporação de células GFP, e investigar sua diferenciação realizamos ensaios de imunofluorescência (IF) para GFP em combinação com outros marcadores. A adição do PE em sítio adulto teve como resultado a participação deste em processos de vasculogênese, iniciando a formação de novos vasos sanguíneos via formação de ilhotas sanguíneas e em um processo angiogênico, diferenciando-se em células endoteliais que se incorporaram aos vasos já existentes. Baseados nisso podemos afirmar que o PE possui potencial vasculogênico/angiogênico em sítio adulto, podendo ser exploradas como modelo para revascularização cardíaca e recuperação de tecidos vasculares.
The Proepicárdio (PE) is a transient structure giving rise to all components of the coronary vessels. To evaluate the vasculogenic potential of the PE in an adult site, a neonatal heart was transplanted into the subcutaneous of an adult ear Later, two PE from GFP-transgenic mice were transferred to the surface of this heart. In another group, we transferred the PEs directly into the ear pinna. To evaluate the incorporation of GFP cells derived from the PE, and to investigate their possible differentiation, we performed immunofluorescence (IF) for GFP in combination with other markers. The addition of PE in an adult site resulted in its participation in a vasculogenic and in an angiogenic processes. Based on this we conclude that PE cells can differentiate and likely participate in a neovascularization process when transplanted to adult sites. These findings demonstrate that the vasculogenic potential of the PE cells is conserved in an adult site and our model is adequate to study the mechanisms involved in the development and regeneration of vasculature.
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Senft, Anna Dorothea. "Investigating TGFβ signals in cell fate specification in the early mouse embryo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9365934-8a34-4f4f-8a38-8aa221b94977.

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TGFβ signalling via Smad transcription factors is essential for axis patterning and subsequent cell fate specification during mammalian embryogenesis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms have been difficult to characterise in vivo due to early embryonic lethality of mouse mutants and redundant functional activities. Here I show that combined deletion of closely related Smad2 and Smad3 in mouse embryonic stem cells impairs induction of lineage specific gene expression during differentiation, while extra-embryonic gene expression is up-regulated. Preliminary data suggest that the underlying mechanism of this differentiation defect reflects the inability of Smad2/3-/- cells to establish lineage priming. Collectively, these findings identify novel downstream target genes controlled by Smad2/3 and an absolute requirement for Smad2/3 during embryonic differentiation. TGFβ signalling via Smad1 and Smad4 is essential for induction of the transcription factor Blimp1 required for primordial germ cell specification. The direct upstream regulators of Blimp1 are unknown, but T-box factors have recently been suggested to play a role. In a second project, I performed tissue- specific ablation of the T-box transcription factor Eomes as well as components of the TGFβ signalling pathway in either the visceral endoderm or the epiblast to examine tissue-specific functions for Blimp1 induction. I show that Eomes and Smad2 functions in the visceral endoderm as well as Eomes function in the epiblast are dispensable for Blimp1 induction, but rather are required to restrict Blimp1 induction to posterior epiblast cells. In contrast, epiblast-specific Smad4 or Smad1 mutants fail to robustly induce Blimp1 in the epiblast. My preliminary analysis suggests that competence to induce primordial germ cell fate is dependent on the interplay of Smad2/Eomes functions in the visceral endoderm and Smad1/4 functions in the epiblast. Collectively, this thesis provides insight into the transition from pluripotency to cell fate specification in the mammalian embryo that is impossible to obtain from human embryos in vivo.
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Moers, Virginie. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction des facteurs BTBD6 et DMRT5 au cours du développement embryonnaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210408.

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Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons abordé l’étude des gènes BTBD6 et Dmrt5 au cours du développement embryonnaire en utilisant les avantages complémentaires de plusieurs organismes modèles.

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Marques, Carvalho João Emanuel. "Retinoic acid signaling in chordates : the evolutionary history of a morphogen-dependent signaling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066083/document.

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L'une des caractéristiques les plus frappantes des animaux multicellulaires, aussi appelés les métazoaires, est leur étonnante diversité morphologique. Des études de type phylogénétique ont permis de mettre en relation cette abondance et cette variété observées au sein des formes de vie animale avec des différences au niveau de processus moléculaires, cellulaires, tissulaires et organiques. Parmi ces différences, celle affectant les programmes de développement apparaît comme un aspect clé de la diversité des métazoaires. Les programmes de développement reposent entre autres sur la mise en œuvre de communications entre cellules, ou entre milieu environnant et cellules, et ces communications sont assurées au niveau moléculaire par le déploiement de cascades d'activités protéiques nommées les voies de signalisation. Une des voies de signalisation essentielles au cours du développement de nombreux métazoaires est la voie de l'acide rétinoïque (AR). Le fonctionnement et les rôles de cette voie pendant le développement animal ont fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches, ces travaux ayant aboutis à des découvertes majeures. Néanmoins des analyses supplémentaires restent requises afin de mieux comprendre l'histoire évolutive de cette voie, du métabolisme de l'AR à la transmission de son signal, en passant par l'identification de ses gènes cibles, ses interactions avec d'autres voies de signalisation, et ses fonctions au cours du développement, le tout au sein du règne animal. Dans ce contexte, étudier cette voie chez un métazoaire tel que le céphalochordate amphioxus, qui possède une voie de signalisation de l'AR équivalente à celle des vertébrés, mais avec une redondance moléculaire moindre, représente une étape importante pour identifier l’architecture et les fonctions ancestrales de cette voie parmi les chordés.Chez l’amphioxus, la voie de signalisation de l'AR est étudiée depuis plus de 20 ans, mais peu de choses sont encore connues sur la régulation de la biodisponibilité de l'AR pendant le développement et sur la nature de ses gènes cibles et du réseau régulateur qu’ils définissent. Le but de mon travail de thèse a par conséquent été d’étudier ces deux aspects fondamentaux de la voie de signalisation de l'AR chez l'amphioxus. Au cours de mon projet de recherche, j’ai utilisé comme modèle d’étude l'amphioxus européen, Branchiostoma lanceolatum, pour lequel j’ai également mis en œuvre de nombreuses améliorations du système de culture ainsi que développer des techniques d’analyses in vivo, comme la microinjection d'ARNm dans des œufs
One of the most striking features of multicellular animals, the metazoans, is their amazing morphological diversity. Even though phylogenetic research has made remarkable progress towards revealing how the abundance and variety of animal life forms relates on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level, the alteration of developmental programs has been revealed as a key aspect in this process. During development, a rather limited number of signaling pathways has been shown to be instrumental for generating metazoan diversity. The retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway is one of these instrumental signaling cascades. A significant amount of time and work has been used to characterize the functions and roles of RA signaling during development, although further work is required to better understand the evolutionary history of the RA signaling network, from metabolism to signal transduction passing by the interactions with other signaling cascades and its developmental functions and how they evolve with time. In this context, model organisms with representative, vertebrate-like RA signaling cascades, such as the cephalochordate amphioxus, will be an important case-study in order to identify the blueprint of an ancestral RA network.The amphioxus RA signaling pathway was initially studied about 20 years ago, even though not much is known about the bioavailability of RA during development. Moreover, the target genes of the RA signaling pathway and their hierarchical relationship during amphioxus development represent an interesting open question. Therefore, this work aimed at providing a detailed description of two fundamental aspects of the RA signaling pathway during amphioxus development: (1) the regulation of the bioavailability of RA in the developing embryo and (2) the target genes under the control of the RA signaling pathway together with their hierarchical regulatory relationship. To address these questions, the European amphioxus, Branchiostoma lanceolatum, was used as a model system.During my research project, not only these questions were fundamental, but also the implementation of amphioxus as a reliable model system and thus the establishment of multiple aquaculture improvements as well as in vivo techniques, such as the microinjection of mRNAs into amphioxus eggs. Furthermore, to characterize the bioavailability of RA during development of amphioxus, I focused on the study of the enzymes that mediate the catabolism of RA endogenously, the CYP26 subfamily proteins. I thus described the evolutionary diversification of CYP26 genes in deuterostomes as well as their expression, their function and the mechanisms that govern the feedback loop controlled directly by RA during amphioxus development.Additionally, to shed light on the target genes under the control of the RA signaling pathway during amphioxus development, I combined pharmacological treatments using retinoid-specific drugs with two different techniques of high throughput sequencing: RNAseq, that revealed the entire RNA profile and thus the genes being expressed at a given moment in time, and ATACseq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin) that provided a global overview of accessible regions of the chromatin (i.e. open chromatin regions). By combining the data obtained by these techniques, I revealed a new set of genes that are under the control of the RA signaling pathway as well as new potential regulatory loops driving RAR-mediated expression. Moreover, I established a framework to characterize gene hierarchies during development that can be widely applied to other signaling pathways and organisms
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Books on the topic "Developmental biology/Embryology"

1

Carlson, Bruce M. Human embryology & developmental biology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1999.

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Shostak, Stanley. Embryology: An introduction to developmental biology. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1991.

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Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009.

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Human embryology and developmental biology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994.

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Developmental biology. 9th ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 2010.

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Developmental biology. 9th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2010.

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Dictionary of developmental biology and embryology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 2002.

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Dye, Frank J. Dictionary of developmental biology and embryology. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

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Dye, Frank J. Dictionary of Developmental Biology and Embryology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118196649.

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Browder, Leon W. Developmental biology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders College, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Developmental biology/Embryology"

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Hall, Brian K. "Embryological Archetypes and Homology: Establishing Evolutionary Embryology." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology, 69–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3961-8_5.

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Donoghue, Philip C. J., John A. Cunningham, Xi-Ping Dong, and Stefan Bengtson. "Embryology in Deep Time." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 1, 45–63. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1862-7_3.

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Lander, Anthony D. "Developmental Biology and Embryology of the Thorax." In Pediatric Thoracic Surgery, 19–25. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b136543_2.

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MacCord, Kate, and Jane Maienschein. "The Historiography of Embryology and Developmental Biology." In Handbook of the Historiography of Biology, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74456-8_7-1.

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MacCord, Kate, and Jane Maienschein. "The Historiography of Embryology and Developmental Biology." In Handbook of the Historiography of Biology, 81–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90119-0_7.

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de Kock, Johannes M. "Description of Developmental Stages." In Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 4–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72578-4_3.

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van Domburg, Peter Henricus Maria Franciscus, and Hendrik Jan ten Donkelaar. "Comparative and Developmental Notes." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 8–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75846-1_3.

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"Anther developmental biology." In Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants, 17–60. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511574528.003.

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Carlson, B. M. "Developmental Biology and Human Embryology." In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.07822-3.

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"Developmental biology of incompatibility." In Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants, 244–71. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511574528.010.

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