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Lattimer, Charles Linton. "Rhetorical and Developmental Analysis of a Computer-Based Corporate Training System: Foucault, Boal, and the Conceptualization of a "Dialogue Training Continuum"." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35817.
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Club Corporation of America collaborated on a multimedia-training project, Board of Governors: The Cornerstone of a Fine Private Club. This training sought to catalogue all existing support materials and articulate key philosophical and operational systems regarding relationships between Club Managers and the club's Board of Governors, which stands as the leading administrative body for philosophical and operational issues in individual private clubs.
This analysis operates on two levels of investigation: 1) a case study that provides a rhetorical assessment of the development and contents of this training system, 2) based on this appraisal, an introduction of theoretical options regarding the development of training applications. Moreover, the theoretical exhortations of Michel Foucault and Augusto Boal provide a language to encourage a different modus operandi in the field of corporate training.
By articulating the concept of a "dialogue training continuum," this elucidation strives to offer an alternative when rethinking training systems and their encoded discourses. By analyzing local and institutional knowledges and how those knowledges find shape in this project, this analysis argues that establishing a system where end-users may question and reshape the philosophical discourse of the company during the context of training, the overall milieu has the ability to grow and shape-shift through legitimizing and valuing the voices of all organizational constituents.
Master of Arts
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Dutta, Nilankur. "Biomécanique du développement par l'analyse d'images : La dynamique de l'actomyosine pulsatile pendant la fermeture dorsale de la Drosophile." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI087.
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Il est maintenant établi que les aspects mécaniques de l'embryogenèse sont indispensables à sa compréhension. L'effet des forces mécaniques dans le développement des tissus et la différenciation cellulaire a été démontré tant pour la compation de la morula, la gastrulation que l'organogenèse. On sait également que les cellules répondent à des stimuli mécaniques. La Drosophile melanogaster a été établie en tant qu'organisme modèlepour l'étude du rôle de la mécanique dans le développement grâce à desétudes démontrant un contrôle mécanique de la forme cellulaire, desmotifs tissulaires et de la morphogenèse dans différents contextes, telsque la formation du sillon ventral ainsi que l'extension et larétraction de la bande germinale. Les contraintes mécaniques généréesdans le cytosquelette et répercutées dans les interactionscellule-cellule ou cellule-matrice produisent des effets globaux dans ledéveloppement. Plus précisément, le rôle clé du cortex d'actomyosine aété mis en lumière ces dernières années en ce qui concerne la mécaniquecellulaire et leur changement de forme.La fermeture dorsale consiste en la fermeture d'un gap de l'épidermeembryonaire par la contraction de l'amniosereuse, un tissuextra-embryonaire qui le recouvre. Au cours de cette fermeture, on notela délamination des cellules de l'amnioséreuse mais pasd'intercalations, de migration ou de divisions. Cette simplicité en faitun système idéal pour l'étude des pulsations d'actomyosine, ou foci.Les modèles biophysiques suggèrent que les mouvements des foci peuventêtre liés à l'advection due à la contraction de leur substrat d'actine,ou à la diffusion suite à la dissociation de l'actine. Cependant lacinématique des foci reste mal comprise, et nous tentons donc de lacomprendre par une approche de quantification mécanistique etparticulièrement de leur cinématique.Pour ceci, nous utilisons l'analyse d'image et un algorithme nouveau desuivi en temps des pulses propagatifs de myosine. Les quatre chapitresde la thêse dévirvent une gamme d'outils de traitement de données etd'analyse d'image permettant la caractérisation du comportement des focidans des séries temporelles d'images de microscopie de l'amnioséreuse.Au chapitre 1, des films de l'amnioséreuse imageant deux canaux(E-cadhérine et Myosine II) sont décrits. Avec le premier canal, lesmembranes cellulaires sont identifiées. Pour le second, nous définissonsune méthode de pré-traitement nécessaire à la détection uniforme desfoci sur l'ensemble du jeu de données. De cette manière, nousquantifions les propriétés statiques des foci, telles que leur taille etleur distribution à la surface des cellules.Au chapitre 2, un algorithme de suivi nous permet d'établir des lienstemporels entre les foci identifiés. Des phénomèmes de coalescence etdécoalescence sont observés. Avec une approche de particule ponctuelle,des propriétés cinématiques des foci, telles que leur vitesse, durée etl'angle de déviation entre des pas consécutifs sont décrits. On observeque ces angles ne sont pas isotropes, ce qui indique une directionalitédu mouvement. La vitesse entre deux images est toujours non-nulle,suggérant que le mouvement n'est pas purement diffusif.faible durée des trajectoires soientproblématiques, cette observation est en cohérence avec l'hypothèse d'unmouvement auto-évitant. On observe également que chaque pas destrajectoires est préférentiellement aligné avec la direction moyenne decelles-ci, et l'on montre que cela est lié au confinement dans descellules de forme anisotrope.Au chapitre 4, le signal continu de myosine est analysé, et sescaractéristiques dans le voisinage spatio-temporel des foci au moyen deMechanics has emerged as a necessary discipline to understand embryogenesis. The effect of mechanical forces in tissue development and cell fate determination has been demonstrated, showing that cells respond to forces and mechanical cues.The Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism to study mechanics, with studies showing the mechanical control of cell shape and morphogenesis. Recently, the actomyosin cortex has attracted attention as a key regulator of cell mechanics. In this work, the morphogenetic process of dorsal closure is chosen to study the mechanical effect of actomyosin pulsations during development.Dorsal closure involves the closing of an epidermal gap in the embryo by the contraction of the amnioserosa, the extra-embryonic tissue covering the gap. During this time, cells delaminate from the amnioserosa, but there are no intercalations, migrations or divisions, making it an ideal system to study pulsatile actomyosin, or foci. Biophysical modelling suggests various modes of focus' motion such as advection or diffusion, but the kinetics of these foci are poorly understood. Thus, this work offers the mechanistical quantification of focus behaviour with a stress on kinetic properties.To that end, we use image analysis to create a tracking algorithm for travelling Myosin pulses. In four chapters, the thesis describes data processing tools which characterize focus behaviour, analysing a set of amnioserosa time-lapse movies.In chapter 1, the dataset of two channel (E-cadherin and Myosin II) time-lapse movies of the amnioserosa are described. Using the first channel, the cell membranes are identified. On the second channel, a method of pre-processing is defined, necessary for uniform focus identification over the whole dataset. Through this, the focus static properties, such as characteristic sizes and distribution on cell surface, are quantified.In chapter 2, the introduction of tracking algorithm enables temporal linkages among the identified foci. Merging and splitting behaviour of foci is seen. Under a point-particle ansatz, focus' kinematic properties, such as speeds, durations and angles of deviations between subsequent steps, are described. It is noted that the angles of deviation are non-isotropic, indicating directional motion. It is observed that foci always have non-zero speed between frames, suggesting motion that is not purely diffusive.In chapter 3, through further point-particle analysis of the trajectories of foci, their mean-squared-distances are quantified. Fitting a power-law, the median exponent is found to be in the super-diffusive regime of motion. Though impeded by the small duration of trajectories, this is consistent with the hypothesis of a self-avoiding motion. Measuring the mean direction of trajectory, it is seen that the orientation of the individual steps is preferentially aligned according to this direction. This is found to be linked to cellular confinement due to anisotropy in cell shapes.In chapter 4, the continuous Myosin signal is analysed, and the apical features of florescence in the known spatio-temporal neighbourhoods of foci are visualized through kymographs. These are then averaged to look at the properties of the apical Myosin signal in the regions where a focus has been, and will be. We find the average kinetics of a focus is followed by the phenomenon of Myosin depletion around it. We also note the presence of high Myosin signal across cell-membranes from foci.The work posits a model of self-avoidance due to substrate refractoriness as a mechanism for focus propagation and death. High myosin concentration at a sub-cellular region would be followed by a local refractor
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McKay, Ian Ross. "Assessing orientations to cultural difference of the faculty of a university foundation programme in the Gulf Cooperation Council : a mixed-methods approach informed by the Intercultural Development Continuum and using the Intercultural Development Inventory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13781.
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This study examined the orientations to cultural difference of sojourner educators in the Foundation Program at Qatar University to determine if orientations were correlated with select demographic and experiential variables, including gender, age, time overseas, education level, formative region, ethnic minority status, job position, length of time in Qatar, intercultural marriage, default language, formal teacher training, and overseas development organization experience. This study used a sequential mixed-method design. Perceived and Developmental Orientations were measured using the Intercultural Development Inventory© (V.3), which produced a measure of each respondent’s orientation to cultural difference. Focus group interviews were conducted to engage participants in explaining and interpreting the findings. Five focus groups of three to six participants each were conducted. Most of the teachers were found to operate from within the transitional orientation of Minimization, although individual scores ranged from Denial to Adaptation. On average, the educators were found to overestimate their orientations by 31 points. A positive correlation between orientation and formative region was found, with participants from North America showing the highest orientation. Statistically significant differences emerged for orientations when comparing Middle East and North African (MENA) and North American formative regions. Formative region was found to account for 4.8% of the variance in orientation and is a significant fit of the data. Focus groups participants speculated that (a) core differences regarding multiculturalism in MENA and North American cultures help explain the results, (b) aspects of the workplace culture and both the broader MENA and local Qatari culture encourage a sense of exclusion, and (c) external events further complicate cross-cultural relations. The study findings add to the literature by providing baseline orientation data on sojourner educators in post-secondary education in the GCC region, and by confirming some of the findings of similar studies. The study provides practitioners with suggestions for staffing and professional development. Future research should focus on the measurement of orientations in broader samples of educators, changes in orientation over time in Qatar and other cultural contexts, differences in orientation among short-term vs. long-term expatriates, the impact of employment systems and societal structures on orientations in sojourner educators, the impact of educator orientation to cultural difference on student achievement, and the design of effective cross-cultural professional development for educators.
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Sayre, Eleanor C. "Plasticity: Resource Justification and Development." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SayreEC2007.pdf.
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Attaran, Abdolhamid, Jörg Brummund, and Thomas Wallmersperger. "Development of a continuum model for ferrogels." Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35627.
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A systematic development of a continuum model is presented, which is capable of describing the magneto-mechanical behavior of magnetic polymer gels commonly referred to as ‘‘ferrogels’’. In the present research, ferrogels are treated as multicomponent, multiphase materials. They consist of a polymer network (P), fixed magnetic particles (f), mobile magnetic particles (m), and liquid (L). By considering ferrogels as multicomponent materials, interaction among constituents of ferrogels can be captured. This helps in understanding the process occurring inside ferrogels under the influence of external stimuli, such as magnetic fields. In our modeling approach, the field equations of ferrogels are derived within the framework of the theory of mixtures. The basic equations include Maxwell’s equations, balance of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and entropy. In the framework of the theory of mixtures, balance relations are first presented at the constituent level also referred to as partial balance relations. By summing partial balance relations over all constituents and imposing the restrictions of theory of mixtures, balance relations of mixture (for the ferrogel) are obtained. In the current work the specific magnetization (magnetization per density) is considered as an evolving variable. It is demonstrated that balance of angular momentum is satisfied using the evolution equation of specific magnetization and constitutive laws. In the process of modeling, a suitable free energy function is introduced and thermodynamically consistent constitutive laws are formulated. Introducing certain assumptions, a reduced model of the ferrogel, a coupled magneto-mechanical formulation, is subsequently presented. The reduced model consists only of a polymer network (P) and fixed magnetic particles (f). It is concluded that the reduced model compares well to the existing ones in the literature. The magneto-mechanical problem based on the reduced model is solved in 2D using the finite element method. The only unknowns for the finite element method implementation are mechanical displacement and magnetic potential. Deformation of a ferrogel in a magnetic field is subsequently investigated. Elongation and contraction of a ferrogel are observed when a magnetic field is applied in the x- and y-directions, respectively. The numerical results were compared with existing experimental work in the literature. A good qualitative agreement was found between numerical and experimental results.
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Gay, Anthony J. "Development of a Hybrid Particle Continuum Solver." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2258.
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When simulating complex flows, there are some physical situations that exhibit large fluctuations in particle density such as: planetary reentry, ablation due to arcing, rocket exhaust plumes, etc. When simulating these events, a high level of physical accuracy can be achieved with kinetic methods otherwise known as particle methods. However, this high level of physical accuracy requires large amounts of computation time. If the simulated flow is in collisional equilibrium, then less computationally intensive continuum methods, otherwise known as fluid methods, can be utilized. Hybrid Particle-Continuum (HPC) codes attempt to blend particle and fluid solutions in order to reduce computation time for transitional flows that exhibit both continuum and rarefied flow in a single domain. This thesis details the development of an HPC code in OpenFoam for Cal Poly's Aerospace Engineering department. The primary benchmark for the solver, named hybridFoam, was to simulate a 1D sod-shock simulation. This primary goal was achieved and a collection of test simulations were conducted to map out the solvers current capabilities and identify where future development efforts should focus.
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Popovic, Marko. "Continuum mechanics of developing epithelia:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227283.
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Developing tissues are out-of-equilibrium systems that grow and reshape to form organs in adult animals. They are typically composed of a large number of cells. The constitutive cells of a tissue perform different roles in tissue development and contribute to the overall tissue shape changes.
In this thesis, we construct a hydrodynamic theory of developing epithelial tissues. We use it to investigate the developing wing of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This theory relates the coarse-grained cell scale properties to the large-scale tissue flows. We explicitly account for the active cellular processes in the tissue that drive tissue flows. In our description of the tissue, we also include the memory effects that are necessary to account for the experimental observations. These memory effects have a significant influence on the tissue rheology.
Using this hydrodynamic theory we analyze shear flow in a developing fruit fly wing tissue. We find that the active cellular processes contribute to overall tissue flows and that memory effects are present in the wing tissue. We investigate consequences of these findings on the rheology of tissue shear flow. We find that the memory effects give rise to an inertial response that leads to oscillations in the tissue but it does not stem from the wing mass. Finally, we describe how the tissue rheology is affected by different boundary conditions.
We then investigate the area changes during the pupal wing development and we construct a mechanosensitive model for the cell extrusion rate in the pupal wing. Analysis of cell extrusions in the context of this model also allows us to extract information about the cell division properties.
Boundary connections between the wing tissue and surrounding cuticle are crucial for the proper development of the pupal wing. A dumpy mutant wing is strongly misshaped during the pupal wing morphogenesis. We use a simple model for the wing to show that the dumpy mutant wing can be described as a wild type wing with compromised boundary conditions.
Finally, we analyze cell properties and tissue flows in a developing wing disc epithelium. Motivated by the observation of radially oriented active T1 transitions in the wing disc epithelium, we use the hydrodynamic theory to investigate the influence of such T1 transitions on stresses in the tissue. We show that sufficiently strong radially oriented active T1 transitions can contribute to the control of the tissue size.
Results obtained in this thesis extend our understanding of the fly wing tissue rheology and the role of internal and external forces in the proper shaping of the wing epithelium. The hydrodynamic theory we use to describe the fly wing development provides a set of phenomenological parameters that characterize the tissue mechanics and can be experimentally measured. Therefore, we expect that future research will include and extend the hydrodynamic theory presented in this thesis.
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Minarchek, Matthew J. "The Development Continuum: Change and Modernity in the Gayo Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243359348.
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王軍 and Chun Wang. "Development of an anisotropic damage mechanics model in ductile fracture." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231378.
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Wang, Chun. "Development of an anisotropic damage mechanics model in ductile fracture /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12362864.
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Yin, Jun, and 尹俊. "A continuum modeling approach to transport emission problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46603499.
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Gallant, Reinhold Justin. "Foundation phase teachers' continuous professional development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007898.
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This research was based on the question of how Foundation Phase teachers perceived and experienced their professional development. This study was done at a school in the Northern Areas of Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. The school is situated in a developing community that has a low socio-economic status characterised by infrastructural challenges. The school is newly established and started the year 2012 with mostly newly qualified teachers. In this study, the researcher wanted to know how the participants’ perceptions and experiences as teachers impact on their professional development. The review of relevant literature provided a conceptual framework for the study. This study explored the fact that a social constructivist theory is relevant for the professional development of foundation phase teachers. This theory is based on the fact that teachers construct their own knowledge and that more emphasis should be placed on theory within teachers’ practice. A qualitative research approach was suitable for this study. The data for the study was obtained by using photovoice and focus group interviews. The most important theme that emerged from the data collection was that the physical environment of the school and the surrounding area played a major role in how the teachers experienced their development. Other themes that emerged from the study were the need for educational resources, teacher collaboration and leadership. The findings show that more emphasis should be placed on the professional development of Foundation Phase teachers. Schools in poverty stricken areas of South Africa have an impact on how teachers experience their professional development. It has become clear that places of higher education need to consider the contexts in which schools are situated, especially in poverty stricken areas. Foundation Phase teachers are a vital part of education and as such the training of teachers in this phase should develop around whole-person learning within a life-long learning framework.
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Sears, Aaron Thomas. "Carbon Nanotube Mechanics: Continuum Model Development from Molecular Mechanics Virtual Experiments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29959.
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Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) hold great promise as an important engineering material for future applications. To fully exploit CNTs to their full potential, it is important to characterize their material response and ascertain their material properties. We have used molecular mechanics (MM) simulations to conduct virtual experiments on single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs respectively) similar to those performed in the mechanics of materials laboratory on a continuum structure. The output (energy and deformation rather than the load and deflection) is used to understand the material response and formulate macroscopic constitutive relations.
From results of MM simulations of axial and torsional deformations on SWNTs, Young's modulus, the shear modulus and the wall thickness of an equivalent continuum tube made of a linear elastic isotropic material were found. These values were used to compare the response of the continuum tube, modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, in bending and buckling with those obtained from the MM simulations.
MM simulations have been carried out to find energetically favorable double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) configurations, and analyze their responses to extensional, torsional, radial expansion/contraction, bending, and buckling deformations. Loads were applied either to one wall or simultaneously to both walls of an open-ended DWNT. These results were compared against SWNT results. It was found that for simple tension and torsional deformations, results for a DWNT can be derived from those for its constituent SWNTs within 3% error. Radial deformations of a SWNT were achieved by considering a DWNT with the SWNT as one of its walls and moving radially through the same distance all atoms of the other wall of the DWNT thereby causing a pseudo-pressure through changes in the cumulative van der Waals forces which deform the desired wall. Results of radial expansion/contraction of a SWNT were used to deduce an expression for the van der Waals forces, and find through-the-thickness elastic moduli (Young's modulus in the radial direction, Er, and Poisson's ratio ?r?) of the SWNT. We have found four out of the five elastic constants of a SWNT taken to be transversely isotropic about a radial line.
MWNTs were studied using the same testing procedures as those used SWNTs. Based on the results from those simulations a continuum model is proposed for a MWNT whose response to mechanical deformations is the same as that of the MWNT. The continuum structure is comprised of concentric cylindrical tubes interconnected by truss elements. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, the thickness of each concentric tube, and the stiffness of the truss elements are given. The proposed continuum model is validated by studying its bending and buckling deformations and comparing these results to those from MM simulations.
The major contributions to the field on nanotubes and the scientific literature is a simple and robust continuum model for nanotubes. This model can be used to study both SWNTs and MWNTs in either global or local responses by applying different analytic techniques. This model was developed using a consistent engineering methodology that mimicked traditional engineering testing, assumptions and constraints.Ph. D.
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Sayce, Lynda. "The development of Italianate continuo lutes." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368804.
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Noailly, Jérôme. "Model developments for in silico studies of the lumbar spine biomechanics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6067.
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La present tesi investiga l'ús de la modelització amb elements finits per a l'estudi de la biomecànica lumbar per a l'avaluació clínica. Els estudis bibliogràfics del capítol 1 mostren relacions funcionals clares entre les forces externes i les estructures i formes del teixit lumbar. Els estudis clínics demostraren que independentment del seu origen, el dolor lumbar pot veure's empitjorat per sobrecàrregues dels teixits. Les mesures experimentals són insuficients per descriure la distribució de càrrega entre els diferents teixits lumbars, és així que s'han utilitzat models d'elements finits. No obstant, la fiabilitat dels models a l'hora de predir les càrregues locals en els teixits no ha estat demostrada, essent aquest un dels objectes d'estudi.En el Capítol 2 s'elaborà un model bisegment de la columna lumbar. El model inicial es completà incloent el còrtex vertebral, una definició complerta de les juntes sinovials, les plaques terminals de cartílag i una descripció millorada de l'estructura de l'anell. Es van simular càrregues simplificades per als estudis in vitro per calcular les distribucions de tensions, deformacions i energia. El model bisegment és vàlid per interpretar les distribucions de càrrega funcionals a L3-L5 en el cas d'estructures conegudes de teixit, però el conjunt de la geometria L3-L5 necessitava ser millorat.
Així al Capítol 3 es creà un model geomètric bisegment precís de L3-L5. El nou model incloïa les corregides: dimensions i formes, alçades de disc, localitzacions del nucli, formes posteriors de l'os, i distribució dels lligaments. Després de comparar a nivell biomecànic l'antiga geometria amb la nova, els resultats mostraren que els rols relatius dels teixits modelats depenen de la geometria. En general, les distribucions de càrrega predites eren més fisiològiques en el nou model. En canvi, ambdós models, reprodueixen rangs experimentals de moviment, així doncs la seva validació hauria de tenir en compte les transferències de càrrega locals.
El Capítol 4 es centra en la variabilitat dels angles creuats del col·lagen de l'anell. Es crearen quatre models bisegment amb organitzacions d'anell fibrós basats en la bibliografia comparant-se sota diverses càrregues. A més es proposà un paràmetre d'estabilització de l'anell per analogia a un tub de parets gruixudes. La biomecànica del model depenia en gran mesura de l'organització de l'anell fibrós, però el paràmetre d'estabilització era soviet contradictori amb les tensions i forces predites. Així, s'assumí que la geometria de la columna i l'organització de l'anell fibrós estaven lligades. Les xarxes d'anell de col·lagen adaptades es poden determinar numèricament, però els models d'anell haurien d'estar bastats en relacions mecanobiològiques.
Al Capítol 5 es presenta un model de disc artificial acoblat amb el model de L3-L5. Models bisegment amb i sense implant van ser comparats amb càrregues controlades per força o desplaçament, incloent o no l'aproximació del pes del cos. La rigidesa de la pròtesi alterava generalment les distribucions de càrrega i les rotacions controlades per desplaçament conduint a grans efectes adjacents. Incloent el pes del cos les condicions de contorn semblaven més fisòlogiques que sense. Malgrat la rigidesa del nou disc, aquest sembla més prometedor que altres dispositius comercials.
En aquesta tesi s'han creat sis models nous elements finits de la columna lumbar osteoligamentosa. Les simulacions han mostrat que l'ús fiable dels models requereix d'una descripció precisa de les càrregues locals i respostes mecàniques de teixits. Les prediccions locals van estar limitades qualitativament degudes al desconeixement de les estructures de teixit tou, equacions constitutives i condicions de contorn. En canvi, els models poden ser emprats com a laboratoris in silico per superar aquestes limitacions. Basat en la informació numèrica i experimental, s'ha proposat un procediment jeràrquic per al desenvolupament qualitativament fiable de models elements finits de la columna lumbar.
This PhD thesis investigated the use of finite element modelling to study lumbar spine biomechanics for clinical assessment. Bibliographic studies reported in the first Chapter showed clear functional relations between external forces and lumbar spine tissue structures and shapes. Clinical research revealed that independently of its origin, low back pain may be worsened by altered tissue mechanical environments. Experimental measurements alone cannot truly describe the load distributions between the different lumbar spine tissues. Thus, finite element models have been used in the past. But model reliability in predicting local tissue loadings is still not manifest and has been explored in this thesis as described in the following chapters.
In Chapter 2, a L3-L5 lumbar spine bi-segment model was built. An initial model was completed to include the vertebral cortex, a full definition of the facet joints, the cartilage endplates, and an improved description of the annulus fibre-reinforced structure. Simplified load-cases used for in vitro studies were simulated to calculate stress and strain energy distributions. Predictions within the L3-L5 lumbar spine bi-segment model could be interpreted in terms of functional load distributions related to known tissue structures, but the overall L3-L5 bisegment model geometry needed further update.
Thus, in Chapter 3, a geometrically accurate L3-L5 lumbar spine bi-segment model was created. The new model included corrected L3 and L5 body shapes and dimensions, corrected disc heights and nucleus placements, corrected posterior bone shapes, dimensions, and orientations, and corrected ligament distributions. The new and old geometries were biomechanically compared. Results showed that the relative roles of modelled tissues greatly depend on the geometry. Predicted load distributions were generally more physiological in the new model. However, new and old models could both reproduce experimental ranges of motion, meaning that their validation should take into account local load transfers.
Chapter 4 focuses on the variability of the annulus collagen criss-cross angles. Four bi-segment models with literature-based annulus fibre organizations were created and compared under diverse loads. Moreover, an annulus stabilization parameter was proposed by analogy to a thick walled pipe. Model biomechanics greatly depended on the annulus fibre organization, but annulus stabilization parameter was often contradictory with the predicted stresses and strains. Spine geometry and annulus fibrous organization were hypothesized to be linked together. Adapted annulus collagen networks may be numerically determined, but annulus modelling should be based on mechano-biological relationships.
In Chapter 5, a case-study of a novel artificial disc design coupled with the L3-L5 lumbar spine model is presented. Bi-segment models with and without implant were compared under load- or displacement-controlled rotations, with or without body-weight like load. Prosthesis stiffness generally altered the load distributions and displacement-controlled rotations led to strong adjacent level effects. Including body weight-like loads seemed to give more realistic results. Although the novel disc substitute is too stiff, it is more promising than other existing commercial devices.
In this thesis, six new osteoligamentous lumbar spine bi-segment finite element models were created. Simulations showed that reliable use of lumbar spine finite element models requires precise descriptions of local tissue loading and response. Local predictions were qualitatively mainly limited by a lack of knowledge about soft tissue structural organisations, constitutive equations, and boundary conditions. However, models can be used as in silico laboratories to overcome such limitations. A hierarchical procedure for the development of qualitatively reliable lumbar spine finite element models was proposed based on available numerical and experimental inputs.
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Lindström, Gustav. "The Challenges of adopting DevOps." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264179.
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In traditional Software Development Life Cycle, medium and large organizations tend to divide the activities of Operations and Development into separate departments. These groups often have a troublesome relationship because of different incentives during the software delivery process. As a result, conflicts occur between development and operations personnel as they blame each other to be the cause of long lead times and inefficient software delivery processes. The concept of DevOps emerged trying to resolve the problem that arises when separating the work of Development and Operations into organizational silos. The term DevOps is a combination of the abbreviations of Development (Dev) and Operations (Ops). DevOps aim to create a coalition that spans between Development (software developers and quality assurance) and Operation (experts responsible to roll out software to production and managing the infrastructure, e.g. system, network and database administrators and technicians). The idea is to increase the speed of the software delivery process and to quickly solve critical issues, enable organizations to better serve their customers. DevOps means that development teams who previously were solely responsible for the development of their applications now have to manage and govern both development and operational responsibilities. Thus, the adoption of DevOps might introduce new type of challenges and implications for the traditional development teams. Current literature and research about DevOps focus mainly on the challenges that DevOps attempts to overcome. There is a lack of literature on the challenges that practitioners encounter during the adoption of DevOps. As more organizations and companies tend to adopt the concept of DevOps, it increases the need to understand potential challenges and effects of adopting DevOps. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the challenges that development teams encounter during the adoption of DevOps. This research was conducted by an inductive research approach through a single qualitative case study, with the use of semi-structured interviews. In total, four main challenges and fourteen sub-challenges were identified in this study. The four main challenges identified was, lack of awareness, lack of support for DevOps, implementing DevOps technology and adapting organizational processes to DevOps. This study concludes that the adoption of DevOps has a profound impact on the role of a software developer, and that the traditional role of a software developer needs to be evolved. The research provides four recommendations and means to overcome the challenges identified in this research, establishing common ways of working and spreading the knowledge, building commitment and trust by smarter seating, allocate time and resources to transition and trying out with one team and one application.I traditionell livscykel för mjukvaruutveckling tenderar medelstora och stora organisationer att dela upp verksamheten i drift och utveckling i separata avdelningar. Dessa grupper har ofta en besvärlig relation på grund av olika incitament under mjukvaruleveransprocessen. Som ett resultat uppstår konflikter mellan utvecklings- och driftpersonal eftersom de beskyller varandra för att vara orsaken till långa ledtider och ineffektiva mjukvaruleveransprocesser. Konceptet DevOps uppstod för att försöka lösa det problem som uppstår när man separerar utveckling och drift i organisationella silosar. Termen DevOps är en kombination av förkortningarna för utveckling (Dev) och drift (Ops). DevOps syftar till att skapa en koalition som sträcker sig mellan utveckling (mjukvaruutvecklare och kvalitetssäkring) och drift (system-, nätverks- och databasadministratörer och tekniker). Idén är att öka hastigheten av mjukvaruleveranser och att snabbt lösa kritiska problem för att förbättra organisationens förmåga att betjäna sina kunder. DevOps innebär att utvecklingsgrupper som tidigare enbart ansvarade för utvecklingen av sina applikationer nu även har driftansvar. Således kan antagandet av DevOps introducera nya typer av utmaningar och konsekvenser för de traditionella utvecklingsgrupperna. Aktuell litteratur och forskning kring DevOps fokuserar främst på de utmaningar som DevOps försöker övervinna. Därav finns det brist på litteratur kring de utmaningar som utövare stöter på under antagandet av DevOps. Eftersom fler organisationer och företag tenderar att adoptera begreppet DevOps ökar behovet av att förstå potentiella utmaningar och effekter av att anta DevOps. Därav är syftet med denna studie att undersöka de utmaningar som utvecklingsgrupper bemöter under antagandet av DevOps. Denna forskning utfördes genom en induktiv forskningsinriktning, en kvalitativ fallstudie och datainsamling genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt identifierades fyra huvudutmaningar och fjorton sub utmaningar i denna studie. De fyra huvudsakliga utmaningar som identifierades var, brist på medvetenhet, brist på stöd för DevOps, implementering av DevOps-teknik och anpassning av organisationsprocesser till DevOps. Den här studien drar slutsatsen att antagandet av DevOps har en djupgående inverkan på rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare och att den traditionella rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare behöver utvecklas. Studien ger fyra rekommendationer och medel för att övervinna de utmaningar som identifierats, etablering av gemensamma sätt att arbeta och sprida kunskapen, bygga upp engagemang och förtroende genom smartare sittplatser, fördela tid och resurser till övergången samt prova med ett lag och en applikation.
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Sharon, Tanya Lee. "Parsing motion for meaning: Infants' individuation of actions from continuous motion." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284857.
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Almost nothing is known regarding infants' abilities for parsing the ongoing activity in their surroundings into distinct and meaningful parts. However, the individuation of actions is a fundamental ability, as explicated in a four-part introduction. Based on a review of general principles of individuation across multiple ontological domains, three possible mechanisms for action individuation in infants are identified and tested. The results of a series of studies show some important limitations in infants' abilities to parse actions from continuous motion. Although infants can perceptually discriminate different types of actions (such as jumps and falls) performed by a puppet, and can individuate and enumerate sequences of such actions when the acts are separated by brief motionless pauses, their ability to individuate actions embedded within a continuous strewn of motion is limited: Neither repeating cycles in the action sequences nor marked differences in extent of motion are sufficient cues. The results instead suggest that tangent discontinuities in the path of motion are an important cue to infants' ability to parse actions from on-going motion. Implications for infants' conceptual structure for actions, and additional potential mechanisms of action individuation, are also discussed.
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Boran, Efe. "Process Development For Continuous Photofermentative Hydrogen Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612955/index.pdf.
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By the integration of dark and photo fermentative hydrogen production processes, higher yields of hydrogen can be obtained from biomass. In the first step, biomass is utilized for hydrogen production by dark fermentation and in the second step, the effluent of dark fermentation is further utilized for hydrogen production by photofermentation using photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria. The purpose of this study was to develop a solar pilot scale tubular photobioreactor (PBR) for continuous photo fermentative hydrogen production from the effluent of dark fermentation.
This study demonstrated the implementation of the solar pilot tubular PBR for this new technology for the first time and successful continuous operations were performed in different seasons. Two different strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus were used for the operations. It was showed that even in winter, pure hydrogen could be produced in the pilot PBR with an average productivity of 0.3 mol H2/m3.h, when circulation of the PBR was continuous. Productivity obtained by the mutant strain was 0.2 mol H2/m3.h with periodical circulation. The integration between dark and photo fermentation was proven at pilot scales by using real dark fermenter effluents of molasses and thick juice. DFE of thick juice yielded a maximum productivity of 0.27 mol H2/m3.h whereas the maximum productivity obtained from DFE of molasses was 0.12 mol H2/m3.h. The most important factor affecting productivity is found to be the total received light energy and a yield factor (mmol H2/g dry cell weight) was correlated with total received light energy. Acetic acid consumption rates were found to be first order for daytime and zero order for nights. Furthermore acetic acid utilization for different metabolic pathways were estimated and by-product, poly- &beta- hydroxybutyrate, specific rates of product formation were determined.
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Blase, Thomas Albert. "Development of a continuous wire casting technique." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515460.
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Saff, David 1976. "Automatic continuous testing to speed software development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30096.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152).
Continuous testing is a new feature for software development environments that uses excess cycles on a developer's workstation to continuously run regression tests in the background, providing rapid feedback about test failures as source code is edited. It is intended to reduce the time and energy required to keep code well-tested, and to prevent regression errors from persisting uncaught for long periods of time. The longer that regression errors are allowed to linger during development, the more time is wasted debugging and fixing them once they are discovered. By monitoring and measuring software projects, we estimate that the wasted time, consisting of this preventable extra fixing cost added to the time spent running tests and waiting for them to complete, accounts for 10-15% of total development time. We present a model of developer behavior that uses data from past projects to infer developer beliefs and predict behavior in new environments -in particular, when changing testing methodologies or tools to reduce wasted time. This model predicts that continuous testing would reduce wasted time by 92-98%, a substantial improvement over other approaches we evaluated, such as automatic test prioritization and changing manual test frequencies. A controlled human experiment indicates that student developers using continuous testing were three times more likely to complete a task before the deadline than those without, with no significant effect on time worked.
(cont.) Most participants found continuous testing to be useful and believed that it helped them write better code faster. 90% would recommend the tool to others. We show the first empirical evidence of a benefit from continuous compilation, a popular related feature. Continuous testing has been integrated into Emacs and Eclipse. We detail the functional and technical design of the Eclipse plug-in, which is publicly beta-released.
by David Saff.
S.M.
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Kayani, Badar Jahangir. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS MONITORING PULSE OXIMETER DEVICE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619622233546762.
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Hagsten, Per. "Evaluation of a qualitative model for a company's technical maturity within Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233554.
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The purpose of this study is to continue development of a benchmarking model to help companies assess their technical maturity when it comes to adopting Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps in their organization. The goal of the research is to assess how to improve the quality of qualitative models. Which conclusions can be drawn from comparing companies using benchmark and to assess which actions are the most effective to take to reach higher Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps maturity. The benchmark consisted of a questioner of two hundred statements that were answered for level of agreement with a current situation analysis and an ought-to-be analysis to be able to draw conclusions from the possible discrepancy between these categories. The questioner was answered during an interview study with chosen clients. Conclusions drawn from this study were that a lot can be done to improve the quality of qualitative models for examining Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps maturity. Different actions are necessary but the most important seems to be to ask open ended questions as well ass questions about different aspects of the same problem to promote discussion. It was also showed to be important to peer review the questions in the interview material beforehand to increase quality. The study also showed that it is possible to see trends in Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps maturity when comparing qualitative results for research subjects. The study showed that the most effective method for increasing Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and DevOps maturity is to use extensive automated testing suites that covers all testing disciplines.Syftet med studien är att vidareutveckla ett benchmarkingverktyg för att hjälpa företag att bedöma sin tekniska mognad när det gäller att anta Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery och DevOps i sin organisation. Målet med forskningen är att bedöma hur man kan förbättra kvaliteten på kvalitativa modeller för att mäta detta, samt vilka slutsatser som kan dras av att jämföra företags resultat som nyttjat studien. Samt att undersöka vilka åtgärder som är effektivast att ta för att nå en högre mognadsgrad inom Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery och DevOps. Benchmarken bestod av ett frågebatteri av tvåhundra påståenden som besvarades av kunden i hur mycket de instämde till ett påstående. Resultatet samanställdes till en aktuell nulägesanalys och en börlägesanalys, med målet att dra slutsatser i vilka skillnaden som fanns mellan dessa två kategorier. Kunden besvarade frågebatteriet under en intervjustudie med utvalda anställda. Slutsatser som härrör från denna studie var att mycket kan göras för att förbättra kvaliteten på kvalitativa modeller för att undersöka Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery och DevOps mognadsgrad. Olika åtgärder är möjliga, men det viktigaste förefaller vara att fråga öppna frågor för att främja diskussion samt att ställa frågor om olika aspekter av samma problem. Samt att opponera frågorna internt i intervjuundersökningen innan det utförs hos en kund, för att öka kvaliteten. Studien visade också att det även är möjligt att se trender i Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery och DevOps mognad hos deltagarna när man jämför de kvalitativa resultaten. Studien visade att de mest effektiva metoderna för att öka Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery och DevOps mognadsgrad är att använda omfattande automatiserade testsviter för samtliga testmetoder.
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Amaradri, Anand Srivatsav, and Swetha Bindu Nutalapati. "Continuous Integration, Deployment and Testing in DevOps Environment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13334.
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Context. Owing to a multitude of factors like rapid changes in technology, market needs, and business competitiveness, software companies these days are facing pressure to deliver software rapidly and on a frequent basis. For frequent and faster delivery, companies should be lean and agile in all phases of the software development life cycle. An approach called DevOps, which is based on agile principles has come into play. DevOps bridges the gap between development and operations teams and facilitates faster product delivery. The DevOps phenomenon has gained a wide popularity in the past few years, and several companies are adopting DevOps to leverage its perceived benefits. However, the organizations may face several challenges while adopting DevOps. There is a need to obtain a clear understanding of how DevOps functions in an organization. Objectives. The main aim of this study is to provide a clear understanding about how DevOps works in an organization to researchers and software practitioners. The objectives of the study are to identify the benefits of implementing DevOps in organizations where agile development is in practice, the challenges faced by organizations during DevOps adoption, to identify the solutions/ mitigation strategies, to overcome the challenges,the DevOps practices, and the problems faced by DevOps teams during continuous integration, deployment and testing. Methods. A mixed methods approach having both qualitative and quantitative research methods is used to accomplish the research objectives.A Systematic Literature Review is conducted to identify the benefits and challenges of DevOps adoption, and the DevOps practices. Interviews are conducted to further validate the SLR findings, and identify the solutions to overcome DevOps adoption challenges, and the DevOps practices. The SLR and interview results are mapped, and a survey questionnaire is designed.The survey is conducted to validate the qualitative data, and to identify the other benefits and challenges of DevOps adoption, solutions to overcome the challenges, DevOps practices, and the problems faced by DevOps teams during continuous integration, deployment and testing. Results. 31 primary studies relevant to the research are identified for conducting the SLR. After analysing the primary studies, an initial list of the benefits and challenges of DevOps adoption, and the DevOps practices is obtained. Based on the SLR findings, a semi-structured interview questionnaire is designed, and interviews are conducted. The interview data is thematically coded, and a list of the benefits, challenges of DevOps adoption and solutions to overcome them, DevOps practices, and problems faced by DevOps teams is obtained. The survey responses are statistically analysed, and a final list of the benefits of adopting DevOps, the adoption challenges and solutions to overcome them, DevOps practices and problems faced by DevOps teams is obtained. Conclusions. Using the mixed methods approach, a final list of the benefits of adopting DevOps, DevOps adoption challenges, solutions to overcome the challenges, practices of DevOps, and the problems faced by DevOps teams during continuous integration, deployment and testing is obtained. The list is clearly elucidated in the document. The final list can aid researchers and software practitioners in obtaining a better understanding regarding the functioning and adoption of DevOps. Also, it has been observed that there is a need for more empirical research in this domain.
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Smith, Paul G. "Development of a four stage continuous improvement framework to support business performance in manufacturing SMEs." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/618585.
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For over 30 years, authors have documented continuous improvement techniques that can help to improve the performance of the manufacturing sector. However, recent research has found that the uptake of these available techniques for the purpose of improving business performance is comparatively low as a result of barriers preventing their adoption by manufacturing SMEs. The aim and focus of this research is to develop a user-friendly framework which would guide both industry practitioners and other researchers to achieve business process improvements in an SME manufacturing environment. The framework developed in this study consists of four stages: 1) review of the current process to be improved; 2) identification of possible improvement in terms of prompts; 3) knowledge know-how to support transfer of proven continuous improvement techniques; and 4) continual review of the process to quantify the improvements. The framework uses a combination of three continuous improvement techniques: histograms, brainstorming and Five Whys to identify actions for management implementation. Such techniques have been merged to speed up and simplify the process of root cause analysis, thus encouraging SMEs to document their successes. This will enable other SMEs to learn from their experiences as well as from the knowledge gained by being part of the communities of practice. The methodology used in this research is mixed methodology and involves a combination of literature review, pilot study, a postal questionnaire with 50 respondents and two case studies. These case studies were then used to validate the framework, based on five structured interviews. Case studies involving two manufacturing SMEs include manufacturers of high-volume, low-cost components and low-volume, high-cost components. It was concluded that the root cause of a problem can be found by using: brainstorming, histograms and Five Whys. Sometimes, it was also possible to merge these techniques as one, thus reducing the analysis time. The case studies generated substantial savings, £27,500 and £1,366,055 for SME 1 and 2 respectively. Overall the benefits of the framework to SMEs include: using the developed user-friendly framework for improved business performance, knowledge transfer of learning continuous improvement techniques, learning about other SME successes and potential cost savings that could accrue for SMEs when they apply it. The framework developed in this research, therefore, has reduced some of the barriers which have prevented uptake of innovative techniques over the last 30 years.
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Momenan, Bahareh. "Development of a Thick Continuum-Based Shell Finite Element for Soft Tissue Dynamics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35908.
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The goal of the present doctoral research is to create a theoretical framework and develop a numerical implementation for a shell finite element that can potentially achieve higher performance (i.e. combination of speed and accuracy) than current Continuum-based (CB) shell finite elements (FE), in particular in applications related to soft biological tissue dynamics. Specifically, this means complex and irregular geometries, large distortions and large bending deformations, and anisotropic incompressible hyperelastic material properties.
The critical review of the underlying theories, formulations, and capabilities of the existing CB shell FE revealed that a general nonlinear CB shell FE with the abovementioned capabilities needs to be developed. Herein, we propose the theoretical framework of a new such CB shell FE for dynamic analysis using the total and the incremental updated Lagrangian (UL) formulations and explicit time integration. Specifically, we introduce the geometry and the kinematics of the proposed CB shell FE, as well as the matrices and constitutive relations which need to be evaluated for the total and the incremental UL formulations of the dynamic equilibrium equation. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed CB shell element, its large bending and distortion capabilities, as well as the accuracy of three different techniques presented for large strain analysis, we implemented the element in Matlab and tested its application in various geometries, with different material properties and loading conditions. The new high performance and accuracy element is shown to be insensitive to shear and membrane locking, and to initially irregular elements.
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Hassan, Noha Mohamed. "Damage Development in Static and Dynamic Deformations of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Plates." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30171.
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A three-dimensional finite element code to analyze coupled thermomechanical deformations of composites has been developed. It incorporates geometric nonlinearities, delamination between adjoining layers, and damage due to fiber breakage, fiber/matrix debonding, and matrix cracking. The three damage modes are modeled using the theory of internal variables and the delamination by postulating a failure envelope in terms of the transverse stresses; the damage degrades elastic moduli. The delamination of adjoining layers is simulated by the nodal release technique. Coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing deformations of a composite, and the pertinent initial and boundary conditions are first reduced to coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the Galerkin method. These are integrated with respect to time with the Livermore solver for ODEs. After each time step, the damage in an element is computed, and material properties modified. The code has been used to analyze several static and transient problems; computed results have been found to compare well with the corresponding test results. The effect of various factors such as the fiber orientation, ply stacking sequence, and laminate thickness on composite's resistance to shock loads induced by underwater explosions has been delineated.Ph. D.
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Nilsson, Samuel. "Implementation of a Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery System for Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129922.
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When working in software development teams, there are challenges when it comes to always keeping the software stable and reliable. Continuous integration are frequently used to increase the stability and reliability. Extensive research has been performed on the matter of development processes of continuous integration, but there are no consensus on how systems to support continuous integration should be implemented for best results. In this report a continuous integration system is implemented based on best practices and to support the general continuous integration development process, by using Jenkins and other open source tools. The system is adapted to work well with the cross-platform mobile development framework CoffeeMaker developed by VISIARC AB and the general needs of the company. In order to roughly estimate the increased developer productivity and product quality when introducing the system, a questionnaire that discusses the system and working habits was sent out to the developers. The evaluation lead to the conclusion that the productivity would improve by approximately 30-60 minutes per week and developer. It also lead to the conclusion that the quality of their developed applications would most probably increase by introducing such a system.
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Nilsson, Lars. "Quality practice : an empirical investigation of product development and the goods-to-services continuum /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek738s.pdf.
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Dotan, Gabriella. "Factors affecting participation in CPD activities : the case of public librarians in Israel." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33076.
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The main purpose of the study was to produce a model that will elucidate the relationships among a number of variables associated with employees' participation in activities of continuing professional development (CPD). The study specifically aimed to explore public librarians' motivation for participation in CPD and to investigate the interest generated by various topics and types of CPD. A subsidiary purpose was to examine work environment factors and management policies and practices impinging on public librarians' CPD. The model hypothesised that perceptions about the applicability of new skills and motivational orientations influenced employees' updating behaviour through the mediation of educational interest. The study used two research methodologies: a survey of public librarians, by means of questionnaires; and semi-structured interviews with 22 library officials and policy-makers. A response rate of 73 percent yielded 303 valid questionnaires. Data were analysed through various statistical and qualitative analyses. In addition, path analysis was used to examine two causal models of participation in CPD activities. The results suggested that the perception of the applicability of new skills was significantly correlated to all motivational factors and with most educational interest factors, particularly to IT skills. Most deterrent factors were negatively correlated with educational factors, indicating that the perception of deterrents stifled the interest in virtually every topic. The study revealed a serious mismatch between librarians' motivations and perceptions of deterrents to participation in CPD activities, on the one hand, and library directors' opinions regarding librarians' motivations and constraints, on the other. Several recommendations are made to advance employees' professional development. Ways were suggested to strengthen the collaboration between state and local initiatives that could encourage librarians to engage in lifelong, planned, professional development.
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Henry, Allan F. "Continued development of nodal methods for nuclear reactor analysis." MIT Energy Lab, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27229.
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Gregory, I. S. "The development of a continuous-wave terahertz imaging system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599688.
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Scientific progress in the terahertz (0.1-10 THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been impeded by a lack of coherent sources and detectors. Recent developments have seen the emergence of novel optoelectronic devices, which have generated considerable interest. One such approach is the coherent emission and detection of continuous-wave (cw) THz radiation by mixing two cw visible or near-infrared lasers in a semiconductor. The photomixer efficiency is dependent upon the carrier dynamics of the semiconductor material, in addition to the electronic properties of the antenna and electrodes. This thesis describes work undertaken to develop and characterise these components. Low-temperature-grown (LT)-GaAs is used for the photoconductor, with the necessary ultrashort (100 fs) carrier lifetimes achieved by a new approach to the post-growth annealing. This success is explained using a novel semi-quantitative model to describe the trapping of charge carriers by defects in the material. The photomixer and antenna designs are independently optimised using both finite element simulations and experimental characterisation at frequencies up to 2 THz. Detailed measurements of the polarisation state of the THz radiation allow a better understanding of the role of the photomixer and antenna at different frequencies. Antenna theory and equivalent electrical circuits are applied to assess the impedance match for optimum power transfer to the antenna, and resonant designs are shown to improve both emission and detection, particularly when coupled using a choked feed. Simulations show that the observed power enhancement at resonance is associated with improved directionality of the far-field radiation pattern. THz radiation has many potential applications, including imaging. Most established imaging systems require a femtosecond pulsed laser, but its high bulk and cost might limit commercial market penetration. In contrast, tunable cw diode lasers are small and inexpensive, and cw-imaging systems might help to generate large volume commercial THz products. For the first time, technology based on diode lasers is combined with a phase-sensitive, room-temperature homodyne detection scheme to demonstrate a system that is compact, robust, genuinely turn-key and of low cost. The unsurpassed performance of the present system, enabled by the innovations presented here, is illustrated with a variety of application examples.
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Harwood, Philip Andrew. "Software development and continual change : a programmer's attitude problem." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21883.
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Software forms around a requirement. Defining this requirement is often regarded as the hardest part of software engineering. The requirement however has an additional complexity as, once defined, it will change with time. This change of requirement can come either from the user, or from the rapid advances in 'computer' technology. How then can software succeed to continue to remain 'current' both in terms of requirements and technology in this forever changing environment? This thesis examines the issues surrounding 'change' as applied to software and software engineering. Changing requirements are often deemed a 'curse' placed upon software engineers. It has been suggested, however, that the problems associated with change exist only in the attitude of software engineers. This is perhaps understandable considering the training methods and tools available to supposedly 'help' them. The evidence shows that quality of management and experience of personnel involved in development contribute more significantly to the success of a development project than any technical aspect. This unfortunately means that the process is highly susceptible to staff turnover which, if uncontrolled, can lead to pending disaster for the users. This suggests a 'better' system would be developed if 'experience' was maintained at a process level, rather that at an individual level. Conventional methods of software engineering are based upon a defined set of requirements which are determined at the beginning of the software process. This thesis presents an alternative paradigm which requires only a minimal set of requirements at the outset and actively encourages changes and additional requirements, even with a mature software product. The basis of this alternative approach is the fonn of the 'requirements specification' and the capturing and re-use of the 'experience' maintained by the software process itself.
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Van, Der Merwe Johan. "Continued development of a joint-type knee wear simulator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19953.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is concerned with the continued development of the Stellenbosch University joint-type knee wear simulator. Initially, information regarding simulators from the literature and commercial entities was collected to provide a knowledge base for current and future work. To further the design of the simulator itself, electronic hardware and software subsystems was developed and evaluated during experimental testing procedures. National Instruments’ cDAQ 9174 data acquisition unit was deemed inadequate for real-time inputoutput control, though proved sufficient for signal capturing purposes in conjunction with LabView software. Furthermore, the various servo-pneumatic sub-circuits’ individual ability to conform to the ISO 14243 series standards’ protocol led to the estimation of measurable performance criteria and the application to a single circuit for illustration. The anterior/posterior actuation circuit in question demonstrated adequate performance for the cases where the piston’s rod was respectively fixed and free to move. In-silico modelling and identification of the relevant servo-pneumatic components then commenced, with the valve and cylinder chamber models yielding adequate estimates of the recorded data. The identified quasi-static friction model proved sensitive to transient effects present within the system, resulting in performance deterioration of the integrated model. Sufficiently accounting for these effects would result in the emergence of the sub-circuit’s model as an invaluable tool in terms of control system development, prediction of the simulator’s behaviour and subsequent design recommendations. Future work therefore concerns improvement, identification and integration of the various sub-circuit models to fully exploit the aforementioned advantages.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die voortgesette ontwikkeling van Universiteit Stellenbosch se gewrigstipe knie-afslytingsimulator. Aanvanklik is inligting versamel vanaf literatuur en kommersiële entiteite om sodoende ’n kennisbasis te verskaf vir huidige en toekomstige werk. Elektroniese hardeware en sagteware stelsels is ontwerp en geëvalueer tydens toetsprosedures om die ontwerp van die simuleerder self te verbeter. National Instruments se cDAQ 9174 dataversamelaarseenheid word onvoldoende geag vir intydse inset-uitset beheer, maar wel vir dataversamelingsdoeleindes tesame met LabView sagteware. Die nodigheid om die verskeie servo-pneumatiese sub-stroombane se individuele vermoë om aan te pas by die ISO 14243-reeks se protokol-standaarde te ondersoek, het gelei tot die beraming van meetbare werkverrigtingskriteria en die toepassing daarvan ter illustrasie. Die anterior/posterior stroombaan het voldoende werksverrigting getoon vir studies waar die suier se stang onderskeidelik vas en los was. In-silico modellering en die identifisering van servo-pneumatiese komponente het hierna begin. Die klep en silinderkamer modelle het voldoende skattings gelewer van die gemete data. Die geïdentifiseerde kwasistatiese wrywingsmodel het sensitiwiteit getoon teenoor die oorgangseffekte teenwoordig in die stelsel wat gelei het tot verminderde werksverrigting van die geïntegreerde model. Deur rekening te hou met sulke effekte kan die sub-stelsel se model waardevol wees sover dit beheerstelsel ontwikkeling aangaan, sowel as die voorspelling van die simuleerder se optrede en die daaropvolgende ontwerpsvoorstelle. Toekomstige navorsing kan fokus op die verbetering, identifikasie en integrasie van die verskeie sub-stroombaan modelle om die voorafgenoemde potensiaal ten volle ontgin.
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Gregoratto, Ivano. "Development of a microfluidic device for continuous particle fractionation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438024.
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Morse, Tracey. "The Sexual Objectification Scale : continued development and psychometric evaluation /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1402175671&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007."Department of Psychology." Keywords: Men, Masculinity, Attitudes toward women, Sexual Objectification Scale, Psychometric Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-113). Also available online.
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Su, Kevin. "Continuous execution : improving user feedback in the development cycle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41676.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-49).
Programming environments are increasing the amount of feedback given to users during the development cycle. This work continues with this trend by exploring continuous execution, a programming environment where the result of executing part of a user's code is outputted as the user writes it. This extra feedback provided to users lets users gain a better understanding of a program's internals. A prototype implementation is done for Chickenfoot, a JavaScript-based web automation tool. The prototype takes advantage of the web browsing environment of Chickenfoot and uses the browser history to reduce the amount of user code that actually needs to be executed. User testing was done to evaluate the usefulness of continuous execution.
by Kevin Su.
M.Eng.
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Zheng, Mingzhi. "The development of a continuous oscillatory flow meso reactor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612058.
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Smit, Nicolaas Andrias Johannes. "School-Initiated Type-2 Activities in Continuous Professional Teacher Development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78496.
Full textAbstract:
Professional development is more than marking an attendance register at a workshop.
Professional development is a reflective process of continuous self-development that
should inform the very essence of any learning context. This dissertation builds on
how teachers experience school-initiated type-2 teacher professional development in
secondary public schools and how their experiences may contribute to the work in the
field of teacher professional development and assessment. Although a number of
studies have examined teachers’ comprehension of the Continuous Professional
Development framework in South Africa and the quality management policies, there
is a considerable lack of literature on the relationship between the professional
development of teachers and school improvement.
The purpose of this dissertation is to understand teachers’ experiences with the
implementation of Type-2 Continuous Professional Teacher Development activities in
public high schools. The data for this qualitative study were collected through semistructured
interviews and policy document analysis. The coded data were analysed
and emerging themes were identified. The participants of this study consisted of
teachers and members of the School Management Team.
However, the study found that teachers perceived that there is a gap in the focus of
professional development programmes. Teachers felt that the type-2 developmental
activities seemed only for the benefit and achievement of the school’s goals, and do
not adequately address the developmental needs of teachers themselves.
The findings of this study argue that a culture of shared responsibility and leadership
in secondary schools do indeed improve the development of teachers and the
successful academic achievement of learners.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
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Chuckpaiwong, Ittichote. "Development of position sensor using phase-based continuous wave radar." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20505.
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Karvonen, T. (Teemu). "Continuous software engineering in the development of software-intensive products:towards a reference model for continuous software engineering." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216560.
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Abstract Continuous software engineering (CSE) has instigated academic debate regarding the rapid, parallel cycles of releasing software and customer experimentation. This approach, originating from Web 2.0 and the software-as-a-service domain, is widely recognised among software-intensive companies today. Earlier studies have indicated some challenges in the use of CSE, especially in the context of business-to-business and product-oriented, embedded systems development. Consequently, research must address more explicit definitions and theoretical models for analysing the prerequisites and organisational capabilities related to the use of CSE. This dissertation investigates various approaches to conducting empirical evaluations related to CSE. The study aims to improve existing models of CSE and to empirically validate them in the context of software companies. The study also aims to accumulate knowledge regarding the use of CSE, as well as its impacts. The case study method is applied for the collection and analysis of empirical data. Twenty-seven interviews are conducted at five companies. In addition, a systematic literature review is used to synthesise the empirical research on agile release engineering practices. Design science research is used to portray the model design and the evaluation process of this dissertation. Three approaches for evaluating CSE are constructed: (1) LESAT for software focuses on enterprise transformation using an organisational self-assessment approach, (2) STH+ extends the “Stairway to Heaven” model and evaluates company practices with respect to evolutionary steps towards continuous experimentation-driven development, and (3) CRUSOE defines 7 key areas and 14 diagnostic questions related to the product-intensive software development ecosystem, strategy, architecture, and organisation, as well as their continuous interdependencies. This dissertation states the relevance of CSE in the context of product-intensive software development. However, more adaptations are anticipated in practices that involve business and product development stakeholders, as well as company external stakeholdersTiivistelmä Jatkuva ohjelmistotuotanto on herättänyt keskustelua nopeasta, samanaikaisesta ohjelmistojulkaisemisesta ja asiakaskokeiluista. Toimintatapa on peräisin Web 2.0 ja software-as-a-service yhteydestä, mutta se tunnetaan nykyään yleisesti ohjelmistoja kehittävissä yrityksissä. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet haasteita jatkuvan ohjelmistotuotannon käytössä. Erityisesti haasteita on havaittu yritykseltä yritykselle liiketoiminnassa ja tuotepainotteisten sulautettujen järjestelmien yhteydessä. Näin ollen on havaittu tarve tutkimuksen avulla kehittää täsmällisempiä määritelmiä ja teoreettisia malleja, joilla voidaan analysoida jatkuvan ohjelmistotuotannon käyttöön liittyviä edellytyksiä ja organisaatioiden kyvykkyyksiä. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan malleja, joilla voidaan empiirisesti arvioida jatkuvaa ohjelmistotuotantoa. Tutkimuksella pyritään parantamaan nykyisiä malleja ja arvioimaan niiden käyttöä ohjelmistoyrityksissä. Lisäksi tutkimuksella pyritään kasvattamaan tietoa jatkuvasta ohjelmistotuotannosta ja sen vaikutuksista. Tiedon keräämiseen ja analysointiin käytettiin tapaustutkimus menetelmää. Kaksikymmentäseitsemän haastattelua tehtiin viidessä yrityksessä. Lisäksi tehtiin ketterään ohjelmistojulkaisuun keskittyvä systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus. Väitöskirjassa käytetään Design Science Research menetelmää kuvaamaan tutkimuksen eri vaiheita, joissa malleja suunniteltiin ja arvioitiin. Tutkimuksessa rakennettiin kolme tapaa jatkuvan ohjelmistotuotannon arvioimista varten: (1) LESAT for Software keskittyy organisaation muutoskyvykkyyden arviointiin käyttäen itsearviointimenetelmää, (2) STH+, laajentaa ”Stairway to Heaven” mallia ja arvioi yrityksen käytäntöjä eri evoluutioaskelmilla matkalla kohti kokeilupainotteista tuotekehitystä, (3) CRUSOE määrittelee seitsemän pääaluetta ja 14 kysymystä liittyen tuotekehityksen ekosysteemiin, strategiaan, arkkitehtuuriin, organisointiin sekä näiden välisiin jatkuviin riippuvuuksiin. Väitöskirja osoittaa jatkuvan ohjelmistokehityksen olevan merkityksellinen myös tuotepainotteisessa ohjelmistokehityksessä. Nähtävissä kuitenkin on, että useita nykykäytäntöjä on tarvetta muokata. Erityisesti muokkaustarvetta on tuotekehityksen ja liiketoiminnan sidosryhmiin ja yrityksen ulkoisiin sidosryhmiin liittyvissä käytännöissä
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Salomonsson, Tigerström Andreas, and Sebastian Algrim. "Mjukvaruutveckling med Continuous Delivery : En kvalitativ fallstudie om Continuous Practices med fokus på Continuous Delivery." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76357.
Full textAbstract:
Denna uppsats studerar förutsättningarna för att implementera mjukvaruutvecklings - metoden Continuous Delivery (CDE). Problemställningen som lade grunden för studien, var att det inte finns någon enhetlig standard för CDE. Studien ämnade att undersöka om detta innebar att metoden har varierande innebörd inom olika företag och om de således, i viss mån tillämpar skilda tillvägagångssätt med metoden. Ytterligare en aspekt var att se vilka utmaningar företagen upplevde vid övergången till CDE. Att undersöka om det var främst organisatoriska eller utvecklingsrelaterade problem som upplevts. Samt hur de hanterade kommunikation och tillit till medarbetarna och arbetet inom verksamheten under förändringen. För att belysa problemen, beskrevs teori med fokus på organisatoriska och tekniska utmaningar med Continuous - metoderna: Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Delivery (CDE) och Continuous Deployment (CD). Teorikapitlet samt tidigare studier inkluderade även forskning om kringliggande koncept som DevOps och LEAN. Metoder, vilka kan underlätta implementationen av CDE. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med öppna individuella intervjuer med representanter från sex stycken företag, där de delade med sig av deras erfarenheter av och syn på CDE. Studien visar att anledningen till att företag väljer att arbeta med CDE, är att de vill gå från utvecklingsmetoder, vilka kräver många beslut inför varje förändring, till ett mer flexibelt arbetssätt där de funnit fördelar som: bättre kvalitet på det som levereras, snabbare leverans av affärsvärde till kunder samt kortare feedback - loopar. Företag som gör en övergång till CDE väljer dessutom ofta att inte automatisera hela vägen ut till produktion, enligt CD, då de ser utmaningar med att säkra kvalitén. Studien har identifierat ett antal faktorer som viktiga för en framgångsrik implementering av CDE, samt faktorer som kan resultera i en svår övergång.This thesis studies the conditions needed for implementing the software development method Continuous Delivery (CDE). The problem identified for the study, is that there is no standardized approach for CDE as of today. The intentions of the study were to determine whether this means that the method will have a shifting tenor within different companies, and if so, will these companies implement the method with different approaches. Another aspect was to determine which types of challenges the companies were faced with during the transition towards CDE. To review whether the challenges were foremost organisational or development related. And how the organisations handled the communication and trust towards the co-workers and the development work within the organisation during the change towards the method. To highlight these issues, we presented theories with focus on organisational and technical challenges with the different Continuous practices were made. The practices being: Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Delivery (CDE) and Continuous Deployment (CD). The theory chapter and former studies also contains research about surrounding concepts such as DevOps and LEAN methods, which can aim to facilitate the implementation of CDE. The empirical data collection was performed using open individual interviews with informants from six different companies, where they shared their experience and views on the method CDE. The study demonstrates that the reason organisations chose to implement CDE, is that they want to transform from software development methods, which requires a lot of decision making for any change, to a more flexible work procedure, in order to experience benefits such as: better quality of what is delivered, faster deliveries of business value to the customers and faster feedback-loops. Organisations that make the transition towards CDE also tend not to automate all the way to production, as in agreement with CD, this because the organisations identify challenges with assuring that the quality is sufficient. The study has identified a number of factors that are essential for a successful implementation of CDE, along with factors that may result in a less successful implementation.
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Dingman, James Steven. "The development and application of generalized higher order filtering techniques to the continuum wave equations /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487268021749887.
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Kato, Jin. "Development of a process for continuous creation of lean value in product development organizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32351.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-206).
Ideas and methodologies of lean product development were developed into tools and processes that help product development organizations improve their performances. The definition of waste in product development processes was re-examined and developed into a frugal set to cover all types of waste in product development processes through preliminary case studies. Value stream mapping (VSM) was optimized for measuring the waste indicators in product development processes. Typical causes for low product development project performances were organized into a root-cause analysis diagram. Three case studies in product development companies were performed. The tools were tested and improved through intensive interviews with both project managers and engineers. VSM was effective for identifying and measuring waste indicators. The root-cause analysis diagram was effective for quickly identifying root causes for low product development project performances. Synchronized uses of these tools made it possible to measure each root cause's impact on project performances. The result of measurements revealed both problems shared by all the projects and the ones specific to the projects, indicating that the tools and processes developed in this research can provide suggestions for continuous improvement of product development processes. Some waste indicators were more prevalent than the others, implying that the number of waste indicators to be considered can be reduced. Inventory of information was prevalent in all the projects, and the analyses of it implied that Today's product development processes are as premature as those of manufacturing several decades ago.
(cont.) Wastefulness of information inventory was proved quantitatively. Time spent on one occurrence of rework was proved to take longer near the end of a project than at the beginning of it.
by Jin Kato.
S.M.
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Kim, Jungtae. "Development of continuos flow micro cell sorter using immune magnetophoresis." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992481430/04.
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Paster, Eli (Eli Travis). "Development of a miniature, continuous measurement, stochastic perturbation gas chromatograph." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92167.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 150-154).
Gas chromatography is one of the most widely used analytical chemistry techniques for separating and analyzing chemical compounds. Chromatographic methods are used to identify constituent species within a compound and determine the purity and relative concentrations of those species. Current gas chromatographs are heavy, bench top instruments that require large capital expenditures, kilowatt power sources, and trained technicians. Additionally, traditional chromatographic measurements are non-continuous. The first part of this thesis explores the application of stochastic system identification techniques applied to chromatography to enable continuous chromatographic measurements, multiplexing of instrument components, and the ability to optimally tune instrumentation parameters and reduce chromatogram noise. The second part of this thesis explores the development of a miniaturized, standalone gas chromatograph. A handheld, low-cost gas chromatograph has been developed over the course of five device generations, through the implementation of localized heating techniques, on-demand gas generation, and the integration of electrical, mechanical, and chemical processes into a compact volume. Characterization of the device shows comparable operating parameters and performance to equivalent bench top instruments at 0.5% total cost and 0.03% total volume. These contributions reduce the barrier-to-entry for performing high quality chemical measurements, and enable more widespread use of chromatography in monitored, closed-loop, remote operation and automated systems.
by Eli Paster.
Ph. D.
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Ljungström, Martin. "Implementation of a work development-oriented strategy for continuous improvements." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16857.
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Stephen, Pauline Louise. "Teachers continued professional development in Scotland : theory opinion and practice." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500574.
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Symonds, Robert. "Development of a Continuous Calcium Looping Process for CO2 Capture." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36454.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon capture and storage technologies are required in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while continuing to utilize existing fossil-fueled power generation stations. Of the many developing post-combustion CO2 capture technologies, calcium looping appears promising due to its high thermal efficiency, technical feasibility at commercial-scale, and low sorbent cost. Calcium looping has now been performed at the larger-scale, but there is still a significant quantity of information about sorbent performance, the fate of trace pollutant emissions (specifically SO2 and HCl), dual fluidized bed operating configurations, and impact of realistic operating conditions that still needs to be determined. Based on an economic analysis of the process, three key parameters serve to have the largest potential economic impact: (1) the sorbent deactivation rate, (2) the Ca/C molar ratio, and (3) the rate of sorbent attrition. Therefore, a series of bench-scale, pilot-scale, and continuous pilot-scale testing were conducted to not only explore these parameters from an improvement standpoint, but accurately determine them under conditions expected at the commercial-scale.
The presence of HCl did not have a significant impact on sorbent performance provided that steam is present during calcination, although issues with downstream corrosion could be a factor. High CO2 partial pressures during calcination, coupled with high temperatures and the presence of SO2, resulted in dramatically lower cyclic carbonation conversions and a reduced high CO2 capture efficiency regime. Continuous pilot-scale testing generated realistic, and more detrimental, values for sorbent carrying capacity, Ca/C molar ratio, sorbent make-up rates, and rate of sorbent elutriation, that can now be utilized for techno-economic evaluations and scale-up of the technology.
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Ward, Catherine Dale. "Livelihoods and natural resource use along the rural-urban continuum." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001669.
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Over the last century, developing countries have undergone rapid urbanisation resulting in marked social, economic and environmental changes. Africa is the least urbanised continent in the world but trends indicate that it is also the most rapidly urbanising region, accompanied by rising urban poverty. Urbanisation processes are often most pronounced in smaller urban centres since they experience the most severe pressures of population growth. Little is known about the role natural resources play along the rural-urban continuum and even less is known about the contribution of these resources within an urban context, particularly in small urban centres. In many sub-Saharan African cities, urban agriculture (the informal production of food in urban areas) has been used as a strategy to cope with increasing poverty levels but its role remains widely debated and uncertain. This thesis seeks to analyse the impacts of urbanisation on livelihoods and natural resource use, including home gardening and the collection of wild resources, in two South African towns and data was collected along the rural-urban continuum in Queenstown (Eastern Cape province) and Phalaborwa (Limpopo Province). Practices and contributions associated with agriculture and wild resource use were found to be significantly higher in Phalaborwa and this could be attributed to favourable environmental conditions and accessibility to wild resources due to the surrounding Mopani Bushveld. Rural households in Queenstown and Phalaborwa were more reliant on natural resources than their urban counterparts, but still diverse and incorporated a number of land-based and cash income generating strategies. Urban households tended to rely on one primary cash income strategy such as wage employment or state grants. However, natural resources did appear to play a subtle role in urban settings and particularly in the townships, where exclusion of natural resource contributions saw poverty levels increase up to 5%. Home gardening was practised by a wide range of people and not restricted to any one income group and, not surprisingly, wealthy cultivators who had access to resources such as land, water and fertilizer enjoyed increased benefits such as high produce yields. The results obtained suggest that rural-urban dynamics are complex and natural resource use in local livelihoods is contextualised within environmental settings, social preferences and historical contexts. Increasing pressures from the influx of people into small urban centres calls for a better understanding to how these processes are affecting livelihoods and natural resources to ensure sustainable management in the future.
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Kelly, Liam P. (Liam Porter). "Development of a continuous-flow synthesis of neostigmine methylsulfate and studies toward a continuous-flow synthesis of lisinopril." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122853.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
[color illustration] Herein, we describe the development of a continuous flow synthesis of neostigmine methyl sulfate, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on the WHO list of essential medicines, and the transfer of the synthesis into a next-generation reconfigurable frame developed by our collaborators. Starting from 3-dimethylaminophenol, the synthesis provides a throughput of approximately 46.8 g/day (or 93,600 doses/day) of crude neostigmine methyl sulfate. The synthesis also showcases a prototype in-line evaporation unit that operates without any added carrier gas. Dr. Christina Dai performed early screening of lithium bases. Dr. Yuqing Cui and Dr. Naomi Briggs developed the downstream purification sequence. Dr. Nopphon Weeranoppanant developed the in-line evaporator and, along with Dr. Dale Thomas, assisted with performing the synthesis within their developed frame. Liam P. Kelly developed the continuous synthesis of neostigmine methyl sulfate. [color illustration] Lisinopril is a member of a large family of ACE inhibitors generally known as N-carboxyethyl dipeptides. Of this family, lisinopril is the most commonly prescribed. All known routes to lisinopril require isolation of several synthetic intermediates and protecting group manipulations, thus, development of an efficient continuous synthesis would provide great benefit. Herein we describe our investigation of several routes to generate intermediates of lisinopril with the end goal of a fully continuous synthesis, high material throughput, and minimal protecting group manipulations. Liam P. Kelly performed all work described within this chapter.
by Liam P. Kelly.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry