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Sorinmade, Ibukun. "Refocusing Prevention Practices: From Risk-Based Towards Social Developmental Measures." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23301.
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In exploring current responses to crime, particularly youth involvement in gangs, this thesis examines two approaches: Crime Prevention through Social Development (CPSD) and risk-based prevention. The former is associated with the provision of socially-designed measures to address and eliminate the risk factor associated with persistent offending. The latter, however, refers to the implementation of risk management and statistical assessment to manage the risk factor associated with persistent offending. In light of these two approaches, this thesis examines a debate which purported that crime prevention practices has wholly shifted away from an emphasis on CPSD towards risk-based prevention. This thesis also examines the opposing debate which explains that CPSD and risk-based prevention have emerged into a balanced approach. Taking into account 19 youth gang prevention projects in Canada, the above debates are investigated. Drawing from the analysed project, this thesis concludes that, the crime prevention practices of the analyzed projects significantly rely on risk-based prevention. As a result, the approaches of CPSD still exist in rhetoric and in practice however, its influence on crime prevention initiatives is very limited. Hence, current approaches neither reflect a total shift away from CPSD nor a balanced approach.
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Cao, Jing. "Preventing Youth Crime in Chongqing: The Implications of Western Scientific Evidence and Intergovernmental Guidelines on Crime Prevention Through Social Development." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22788.
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The primary objective of this thesis was to examine the relevance of intergovernmental decisions and western risk-focused social crime prevention to reducing youth crime within Chongqing, China. This involved a review of the existing literature that might be relevant to: (i) the current youth crime situation in the city of Chongqing, (ii) risk factors that might contribute to youth crime within Chongqing, (iii) the scientific evaluations of ‘evidence-based’ risk-focused crime prevention strategies for different age groups of youth, and (iv) implementation strategies for evidence-based innovations to reduce youth crime. Based on this knowledge, interviews with six key stakeholders of Chongqing were conducted for the purpose of obtaining initial perceptions regarding the utility and practicality of crime prevention through social development within Chongqing. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the preliminary relevance of western studies and action, recalls China’s endorsement of intergovernmental recommendations, and provides a foundation for further research.
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Parisi, Joel A. "The United States department of housing and urban development, office of inspector general, office of investigation an examination into why the agency should create a separate division to investigate gun and drug related violent crime in and around public and assisted housing developments /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2004. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A. )--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2004Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2955. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 4 preliminary leaves (ii- v). Includes bibliographical references ( leaves 108-111).
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Gervais, Christine L. M. "The development of federal crime prevention policy initiatives in Canada, 1992-1993." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6773.
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Crime prevention has recently become a significant part of the rhetoric in the apparent transformation of criminal justice policy and practice. This thesis explores the implications of the Canadian federal crime prevention policy initiatives developed between 1992 and 1993. As a descriptive analysis, this thesis identifies the nature, the direction and the practical implications of the pending prevention policy initiatives aimed at reducing crime and victimization, and achieving community safety in Canada. A particular emphasis is placed on whether or not the proposed policy initiatives constitute a shift away from traditional reactive criminal justice responses, and towards a focus on proactive approaches. The analytical framework used derives from Stanley Cohen's (1985) views of social control and Ross Hastings' (1993a) Crime Prevention Typology. The author argues that the proposed "comprehensive" crime prevention strategy is limited in its capacity to significantly reduce crime and victimization because it emphasizes both inclusionary and exclusionary, as well as, both proactive and reactive measures of deviancy control. The author concludes that the federal crime prevention initiatives developed between 1992 and 1993 are not likely to result in significant changes in the delivery of social control. They may be considered, at best, a mere extension of the historical patterns of uneven progress in transformations of social control.
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Talavera, Jhonny. "Crime Prevention at Municipal Level : A qualitative study about municipal official’s experience of the implementation of the national crime prevention program “Tillsammans mot brott”." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55090.
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Background: In Sweden, organized crime has become more varied and cross-border which has led to change in the nature and the scope of organized crime. The national crime prevention program – Tillsammans mot brott (TMB) was presented by the Government of Sweden to increase security and prevent crime. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how municipal officials experience barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of the national crime prevention program at local level. Methods: A qualitative method was used to gain in-depth knowledge about the study aim. A purposive sampling method was used, and a semi-structed interviews were conducted with eight participants from eight different municipalities. An inductive content analysis was used, and an ecological framework was applied to analyze the collected data. Result: The result showed that the municipality officials’ experience of barriers and facilitators regarding the implementing TMB could be divided into two categories; (i) internal work processes for implementing crime prevention initiatives, and (ii) external work direction within crime prevention collaboration. Conclusion: A public health approach enables to tackle innovative and holistic the occurrence and consequences of crimes since it involves working evidence-based with a range of stakeholders to address the multicausal origins of crimes
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Longshore, David M. N. "The principles of prevention and the development of the prevention triangle model for the evaluation of terrorism prevention." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FLongshore.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69). Also available online.
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Bania, Melanie L. "New Ways of Working? Crime Prevention and Community Safety Within Ottawa's Community Development Framework." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20723.
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Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.
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Bradley, Jeffrey. "Youth Mentoring as a Viable Crime Prevention Strategy: Evidence and Ontario Policy, with Reflections from Some Mentors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37250.
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This thesis explored whether youth mentoring could be used as a crime prevention strategy for Ontario. It examined risk factors for youth crime and social bonding theory, the effectiveness of selected programs to prevent crime and best practices, and Ontario government reports on effective crime prevention. It also explored youth mentoring in practice with some mentors from Big Brothers Big Sisters of Ottawa and Sudbury Ontario. The analysis of the literature on risk factors for youth crime identified a number of individual, relationship, community, and societal level factors that correlate with the likelihood of a young person engaging in crime. Travis Hirschi’s social bonding theory provided a lens to understand the contribution mentoring can have on preventing crime through attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief with parents and schools. The evidence-based research on the effectiveness of selected programs that had a mentoring component showed that the likelihood of offending could be reduced with other well-being indicators. Research on mentoring relationships showed that when mentors focused on the assets of the youth and were committed to the relationship, they could foster a lasting emotional bond. Best practices of an effective youth mentoring program included outreaching to vulnerable youth, involving parents, screening and training mentors, matching mentors and mentees based on background, having mentoring connected to a larger strategy, following a developmental approach, and developing standards for implementation. The recent reports from the Province of Ontario on crime prevention and community safety use much of the same evidence on risk factors and social development programs to confirm that prevention is an effective way to reduce crime. These reports also point to strong public support for government investment in prevention and education over punishment. The semi-structured interviews with mentoring practitioners in Sudbury and Ottawa, Ontario analyzed the methods used by mentors volunteering with high-risk youth in the Big Brothers Big Sisters community-based program. Results showed the organizational procedure, youth and risk factors, the bonding process between mentors and mentees, and challenges of mentoring at-risk youth were important. Mentors had positive beliefs on the impacts mentoring had on preventing crime and violence. Therefore, youth mentoring is a crime prevention strategy consistent with evidence and government reports and so is viable, but will require political support and investment upstream to make a difference across the province.
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Koch, Brigitte. "The Prince George Community Social Development Board: A case study of municipal inter-agency crime prevention." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7738.
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This research examines the planning and organization of municipal inter-agency crime prevention through a case study of Prince George's Community Social Development Board. The focus of the Board is on social development: it attempts to tackle the social causes of crime. The methodology for the study includes an analysis of available documentation, including letters, memorandums and reports; interviews in Prince George with the ten members of the Community Social Development Board and the RCMP officer who initiated the Board and; observation of one Board meeting (May 1, 1991). Results of the interviews show that although the Board did have some benefits, it did not have clear objectives, it lacked leadership and it desperately needed a full-time executive director. In conclusion, municipal inter-agency crime prevention is a promising strategy to lower crime, and deserves to be given a second chance. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Thorén, Tova, and Isabel Tolsheden. "Gatuvåldet i nordöstra Göteborg." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25371.
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Våldsbrottsutvecklingen har varit en central fråga i den offentliga debatten desenaste åren och LPO Storgöteborg Nordost har skildrats som ett av Sveriges mestbrottsutsatta områden. Polisen i nordöstra Göteborg har på senare år intensifieratdet proaktiva arbetet med bland annat utökad hot spot-patrullering ochimplementering av kameraövervakning. Samtidigt påträffas brister i polisensanalys- och uppföljningsarbete vilket förorsakar bristande kunskap ombrottsutvecklingen och tillämpade åtgärders brottsförebyggande effekter. Genomatt studera brottsutvecklingen över tid går det att identifiera mönster ochförändringar i brottslighetens omfattning och struktur, vilket kan användas somunderlag för mer problemorienterade analyser. Syftet med föreliggande uppsats ärföljaktligen att redogöra för hur det anmälda gatuvåldet har utvecklat sig ilokalpolisområdet mellan åren 2014-2018. Uppsatsen ämnar även att bidra medkunskap till hur utvecklingen kan förstås i termer av brottsförebyggande åtgärderspotentiella effekter. Det samlade resultatet av analyserna indikerar på naturligafluktuationer av gatuvåldet i nordöstra Göteborg de senaste åren, med undantagför år 2016 då anmälda brott ökade signifikant. Våldet tenderar att vara klustrattill särskilda platser och genom s.k. near repeat analyser kan bland annatkonstateras att risken för upprepade personrån bedöms vara hög. Samtidigtpåträffas en tydlig minskning på några av de särskilt brottsutsatta platser som varitföremål för en rad polisiära insatser de senaste åren, vilket skulle kunna indikerapå att polisens kraftansträngningar har gett resultat. Enligt poliserna själva finnsdet emellertid en antydan om att brottsligheten, istället för att minska, förflyttastill närliggande områden. Sammanfattningsvis konstateras att bidragande faktorertill utvecklingen kan vara många och att fler studier behövs som undersökerbrottsligheten i relation till åtgärdernas preventiva förmåga, för att få en mernyanserad bild av brottsutvecklingen.The development of violent crime has been a central topic in the public debate ofrecent years and Local Police District of Northeast Gothenburg has beendescribed as one of Sweden’s most exposed areas. Northeast Gothenburg policehave in recent years intensified the proactive work with, among other things,increased hot spot policing and implementation of CCTV cameras. At the sametime, deficiencies are found in the police's analysis and follow-up work, whichcauses a lack of knowledge about crime development and the crime preventioneffects of applied measures. By studying crime development over time it ispossible to identify patterns and changes in the extent and structure of crime,which can be used as a basis for more problem-oriented analyses. The purpose ofthis thesis is to describe how reported street violence has developed in the localpolice area between 2014-2018. This paper also aims to contribute knowledge onhow this development can be understood in terms of the potential effects of crimeprevention measures. The overall result of the analyses indicates naturalfluctuation of street violence in Northeast Gothenburg in recent years, with theexception of 2016 when reported offenses increased significantly. Violence tendsto be clustered in specific places and near-repeat analysis demonstrates a greatrisk of repeated muggings. At the same time, a clear reduction is found in some ofthe particularly crime-exposed locations that have been the subject of a series ofpolice efforts in recent years. This could indicate that police efforts have yieldedresults. However, according to the police themselves, there is a suggestion thatcrime, rather than reducing, is spreading to neighboring areas. In conclusion,contributing factors to the development can be many and more studies are neededto investigate crime in relation to the preventive ability of those measures, in orderto get a more nuanced picture of crime development.
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Dunbar, Laura Kristen. "Crime Prevention and Community: Operationalizing the Concept of Community in the City of Ottawa's Community Development Framework." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28690.
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The 'community' has become one of the focal points of how crime prevention and community safety issues are addressed in Canada. However, empirical research has demonstrated that crime prevention programs delivered at the community level have generally fallen short of their promises. This suggests that the community and strategies of community mobilization have been used in crime prevention without a clear understanding of the meaning of the concept. A qualitative case study of the City of Ottawa's Community Development Framework serves to illustrate how the concept of community is translated into practice, and reveals the gaps between conceptions of what community ought to be and the 'messy actualities' of community-based practices. It concludes that a greater appreciation of communities and their particular capabilities should help inform the development and implementation of crime prevention strategies and initiatives in the local context.
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Kneip, Katharina. "A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409489.
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Children growing up in poor areas with high crime rates are shown to easily get involved in violent actions and criminal gangs. In South Africa, despite considerable efforts to reduce youth delinquency, youth crime rates are still disturbingly high – specifically, in the townships of the Cape Flats. This paper points out an important aspect previously unaddressed by most youth crime prevention: the subconscious roots of youth crime. What if we could develop youth crime prevention programs that manage to impact the subconscious behavioral patterns of youth in high crime areas? This paper proposes a promising and cost-effective approach that has great potential to affect multipe causes of crime: mindfulness meditation. Built upon newest findings in Neuroscience, this paper suggests that mindfulness meditation classes are associated with a reduction in aggressive behavior, a risk factor for youth crime, and an increase in self-efficacy, a protective factor. The impact of mindfulness classes at a high school in Khayelitsha, a poor and violent-stricken township of Cape Town, is analyzed. Self-reported aggression and self-efficacy are measured via a psychometric survey questionnaire created from two well-tested and validated scales. Regression analyses of 384 survey answers provided mixed results. Whilst novice meditators were not associated with higher self-efficacy and lower aggression, long-term meditators performed better in several dimensions of self-efficacy and aggression, yet no significant relationship was found. Further research specifically needs to investigate the moderating effect of age (a proxy for psychological development) on meditation. This study aims to bridge the gap between the outdated paradigms of youth crime prevention and ancient wisdom via ground-breaking new evidence from the field of Neuroscience. This study furthermore hopes to point policy makers toward developing new, integrative and sustainable approaches to youth crime prevention – approaches that give back agency to our youth.Anders Westholm har inget med betygssättningen att göra annat än i rent formellt hänseende (examinator). Det är han som rapporterar in och skriver under men i sak är det seminarieledaren som har beslutet i sin hand. Statsvetenskapliga institutet har som princip att skilja på handledning och examination vilket innebär att handledaren inte får vara seminarieledare. Seminarieledare och personen som satt betygget var i det här fallet Sven Oskarsson: Sven.Oskarsson@statsvet.uu.se
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Dalhousie, Landi. "Crime as deterrent to sustainable tourism growth? : perspectives on the impact of crime on tourism in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50309.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the impact of crime on sustainable tourism growth in the Western Cape. It investigates tourists' perceptions of crime in the province and the role of the media in creating or influencing these perceptions. This study also provides an overview of the most important government initiatives and policies that have been undertaken and implemented at local, provincial and national levels. These policies are discussed and evaluated to determine whether it has in fact brought or encouraged sustainable tourism growth in the Western Cape. A survey, with a sample size of 25 respondents was undertaken during the period of April to June 2005 and comprised 13 tour operators, eight tourism bureaus and four travel agencies, which are all based in the Western Cape. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the travel motivations and patterns of the thousands of tourists that visit the province every year and their perceptions regarding crime, from the viewpoint of these primary producers (i.e. the travel intermediaries) in the tourism production system. Crime does not only affect residents, but also has an impact on tourist behaviour and deters visitors from visiting a country, as most tourists are risk-aversive and consider such factors when deciding on a destination. Only a small number of tourists are disappointed with the crime situation when visiting the Western Cape, but the majority of tourists still regard it as a serious problem, and possible deterrent, of the province. These perceptions do have a tendency to change more positively once tourists have visited the area. Nevertheless, respondents feel obliged to warn tourists against crime or give them advice about their safety and security. The various levels of government are committed towards improving safety and security in South Africa and numerous policies and initiatives have been developed and implemented. However, most do not specifically focus on crimes against tourists. Safety and security is considered as a prerequisite for a successful tourism industry, thus both local residents and tourists should receive equal attention with regards to safety and security from the government. However, many respondents are unaware of the existence of the government's initiatives to combat crime, which raises doubts about the effectiveness of these initiatives, their implementation and their intended benefits. The government should formulate comprehensive and constructive provincial policies in order to address the potentially detrimental impacts of crime on sustainable tourism growth in the Western Cape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie analiseer die impak van misdaad op volhoubare toerisme groei in die Wes-Kaap. Dit ondersoek toeriste se persepsies van misdaad in die provinsie en die rol van die media om hierdie persepsies te beinvloed. Die studie gee 'n oorsig oor die belangrikste regeringsinisiatiewe en -beleide wat geimplimenteer is op plaaslike, provinsiale and nasionale vlakke. Hierdie beleide word bespreek en geevalueer om vas te stel of dit daadwerklik volhoubare toerisme groei in die Wes-Kaap bewerkstellig en aanmoedig. 'n Opname met 'n steekproef van 25 respondente was onderneem gedurende April tot Junie 2005. Die steekproef sluit in 13 toer operateurs, agt toerismeburo's en vier reisagentskappe, almal gebasseer in die Wes-Kaap. Die doel van die studie was om insig te kry oor die motivering en reispatrone van die toeriste wat jaarliks die provinsie besoek, asook wat hul persepsies oor misdaad is soos waargeneem deur die primere produsente (d.w. s. reisbemiddelaars) in die toerisme produksiesisteem. Misdaad affekteer nie net inwoners nie, maar het ook 'n impak op toeriste se gedrag en kan selfs toeriste weerhou daarvan om die land te besoek, want veiligheid en sekuriteit is van die belangrikste oorwegingsfaktore wanneer daar besluit word om 'n land te besoek. Slegs 'n paar toeriste is teleurgesteld met die misdaad situasie wanneer hulle die Wes-Kaap besoek, maar die meerderheid beskou dit steeds as 'n ernstige probleem, of selfs afskrikmiddel, in die provinsie. Hierdie persepsies is geneig om te verander nadat die toeriste die area besoek het. Respondente beskou dit egter steeds as hul plig om toeriste teen misdaad te waarsku. Op verskeie vlakke van regering word daar voortdurend gestreef na veiligheid en sekuriteit in Suid-Afrika te verbeter. Verskeie regeringsbeleide en inisiatiewe is al ontwikkel en geimplimenteer, maar die meeste fokus nie spesifiek op misdaad teen toeriste nie. Veiligheid en sekuriteit word beskou as 'n voorvereiste vir 'n suksesvolle toerisme industrie, daarom moet beide inwoners en toeriste dieselfde aandag met betrekking tot veiligheid en sekuriteit van die regering ontvang. Dis egter kommerwekkend dat meeste van die respondente onbewus is van hierdie inisiatiewe om misdaad te bekamp. Die regering moet fokus daarop om 'n omvattende en konstruktiewe provinsiale beleid te formuleer om sodoende die nadelige impak van misdaad op volhoubare toerismegroei in die Wes-Kaap aan te spreek.
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Abraham, Jonatan. "Assessing the threats against rural Sweden : An exploration of crimes against Swedish farmers related to animal production." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278518.
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In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.
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Swift, Sally. "Thoughts, feelings and perceptions of an inner-city London community regarding the role of the school in preventing and protecting children and young people from crime." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018266/.
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Although statistics imply that youth crime is falling, fear of crime amongst young people is prevalent. Young people living in high crime neighbourhoods are more likely to become involved with crime - as victim or offender - and to experience increased psychological stressors such as fear. Even though schools have almost universal access to young people, in the UK their role in crime prevention is in its infancy. In contrast, the positive impact of crime prevention interventions in countries including America and Australia are well documented. By analysing the perspectives of a range of young people and adult stakeholders in an inner-city community, this study contributes to knowledge about how to strengthen the role of the school in youth crime prevention. A qualitative mixed-methods design was used to allow full exploration of the topic. Young people in Years 5-9 took part in mixed gender, school-based, focus groups. Adult stakeholders, including primary and secondary school staff, the police and youth workers, shared their views in semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Each participant lived or worked in the research ward. Each interview and focus group was transcribed and analysed along three thematic analyses; ‘context of crime for young people’, ‘context of youth crime for adult community stakeholders’ and possible future ‘ways of working’. Various themes and subthemes allowed for further exploration of the topic. The findings highlight how regularly young people in high crime inner-city communities are exposed to crime, and how aware they are of it. Participants report that young people are not getting enough crime prevention support in school, and that schools could and should be doing more. The limited support available to young people is piecemeal, and tends to be reactive not preventative. This study highlights the need for increased joined-up working between youth services and education. There is also a need for a wider range of provision and better use of existing resources in such communities to better meet the holistic needs of young people and protect them from crime. Although there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution to improving crime prevention support in schools, the findings can be applied to other contexts. The study outlines the implications for professionals in these communities, including the possible role for educational psychologists.
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McCord, Eric Steven. "The relationship between place management and physical environment in apartment crime." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2686.
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The focus of this research is crime in multi-unit rental structures, Specifically, apartment complexes. It seeks to identify management policies and environmental attributes that are associated with lower crime and police calls for service rates.
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Bridgeman, Ian Robert. "Policing rural Ireland: a study of the origins, development and role of the Irish constabulary, and its impact on crime prevention and detection in the nineteenth century." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503099.
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Hardie, Beth Nicole. "Why monitoring doesn't always matter : the situational role of parental monitoring in adolescent crime." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269284.
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Parental monitoring of settings is not always relevant for the prevention of adolescent crime because adolescents with strong personal moral rules and the ability to exercise self control are unlikely to offend even when they are unsupervised and know that their parents have little knowledge about their activities. Parental monitoring, commonly operationalised as parental supervision or parental knowledge, is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. This thesis uses specialist Space-Time Budget data (from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study) to allow the comparison of adolescent crime rates in settings characterised by the of convergence of i) the physical presence or absence of parents and other guardians, ii) the psychological presence or absence of parents (represented by adolescent-perceived generalised parental knowledge of the circumstances of unsupervised activity) and iii) personal crime propensity (moral rules and ability to exercise self control). The conclusion derived from the results is that the physical presence of parents and other guardians in settings reduces the rate of adolescent crime committed in those settings; and the psychological presence of parents reduces the criminogenic impact of unsupervised time. Crucially however, these effects of parental monitoring are almost irrelevant for adolescents with a lower personal crime propensity, who are not likely to offend in settings irrespective of the physical or psychological absence of parents and other guardians. These findings provide support for person-environment interactions inherent in the causal model of Situational Action Theory, and provide a novel addition to evidence that could be used in future to inform policy-relevant recommendations concerning parenting behaviour and adolescent offending. Although this thesis provides new evidence about the relationship between parental monitoring and crime, the bulk of its contribution is relevant to a much wider audience. It contributes to the debate on approaches to the study of crime and crime prevention, adds clarity to key concepts and develops theoretical arguments in the field of parental monitoring and crime, develops a novel application of Situational Action Theory, extends theoretical and methodological discussions surrounding situational analysis, applies novel data and analytical methods to the study of the psychological and physical presence of guardians, generates and situates unique findings about the situational role of aspects of parental monitoring and crime, and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions about the nature and direction of future research.
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Redfering, Kristie Jo. "Teacher Perceptions of Violence Prevention Approaches and Self-Efficacy: Where Do We Go from Here?" NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/29.
Full textAbstract:
This research project explored teachers’ beliefs of violence prevention approaches and self-efficacy. Relevant research indicates the value of violence prevention and conflict resolution education as well as the importance of teacher support of such programs. Theories of decision-making and self-efficacy provide the foundation for the variables that were examined through use of a survey instrument developed by Dr. K. King and Dr. T. Kandakai. Participants were sampled from two Florida school districts. Independent variables included teacher background and experience indicators including demographics and teaching/training experience. Dependent variables were comprised of multiple indicators of outcome value, efficacy expectation, and outcome expectation. MANOVAs and ANOVAs were utilized to identify relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Among the statistically significant findings a theme emerged: training history including variety of training, specific topics, and the interaction effects of combinations of training impacted perceptions of self-efficacy and outcome expectation more significantly than other demographic and background characteristics. The results suggest that the provision of a variety of training for teachers may benefit violence prevention practice by increasing perceptions of efficacy which may lead to an increase in consistent and effective utilization of various conflict resolution education programs and strategies.
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Belicic, Michael Joseph. "Alcohol and violence in Aboriginal communities : issues, programs and healing initiatives." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Find full textAbstract:
Alcohol misuse is considered the most significant cause of violence in
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. All members of the Aboriginal
community feel the impact of heavy alcohol consumption and related violence.
Initiatives that attempt to reduce alcohol consumption as a strategy to decrease crisis
levels of violence have had limited success. This thesis examines the extent and
patterns of Aboriginal alcohol consumption and explores the relationship between
alcohol misuse and violence, using secondary statistical and exploratory literature. It
will be contended that: the link between alcohol misuse and violence is not a simple
cause and effect relationship; and Aboriginal family and community violence are
symptoms of underlying social and psychological trauma.
This thesis presents qualitative researched case studies of Aboriginal alcohol treatment organisations, and Aboriginal initiatives that address the issues underlying violence. It is argued that interventions focusing on alcohol alone will not reduce family violence and community dysfunction. A "grassroots," Aboriginal community based response is presented as an alternative to reactive and short-term interventions.
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De, Lange Romeo. "An integrated development approach for policing : the case of Operation Good - Hope." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51602.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was embarked upon to identify an alternative approach to policing. It was an attempt to investigate whether an integrated development approach will be more successful in preventing crime and violence than heterogeneous police task teams and operations. Operation Good - Hope in the Western Cape, a SAPS crime prevention strategy to police the urban terror and related crimes (PAGAD and gang violence), was the focus of the study. Plurality of research methodology was introduced to compile data. The data collected was analysed in relation to the topic and the objective of the study and to the research hypothesis. Based on the data analysis the following are the main research findings: • a working relationship existed between various SAPS components within Operation Good - Hope, but was not properly managed and coordinated; • Operation Good - Hope did not allowed for external collaboration with relevant stakeholders and showed no sense of partnership; • Operation Good - Hope did not police the social crime problems; and • Operation Good - Hope was not shaped by a clear analysis and cohesive strategy. The findings of the study gave rise to the following recommendations: • That a local - based strategy for crime prevention be develop and lead by local government to normalise crime and violence; • That a provincial framework be developed for an integrated development approach to police and stabalise serious violent crimes; • That crime prevention solutions must be based on factors that causes crime; and • A crime prevention strategy be designed and implemented. Finally, the study indicates that provincial crime prevention strategies should be supplementive to local - based crime prevention strategies, to simultaneously stabalise and normalise crime and violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om 'n alternatiewe benadering tot polisieëring te identifiseer. Dit is ook 'n poging om uit te vind of 'n geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsbenadring meer suksesvol is as hetrogene polisie taakspanne en operasies met die bekamping van misdaad en geweld. Operasie Goeie - Hoop in die Wes - Kaap, 'n SAPD misdaadvoorkoming strategie om stedelike terreur en verwante misdade (PAGAD en bende geweld) te polisieer, was die fokus van die studie. Data was ingesamel deur middel van 'n pluraliteit van navorsingsmetodologie. Die ingesamelde data was geanaliseer in verhouding tot die tema, doelwitte van die studie en met die navorsingshipotese. Gebaseer op die data analise, is die volgende die hoof bevindinge van die studie: • Daar was samewerking tussen verskillende SAPD komponente betrokke by Operasie Goeie - Hoop, maar dit was nie deeglik bestuur en gekoordineer nie; • Operasie Goeie - Hoop het nie voorsiening gemaak vir eksterne samewerking en vennootskap met relevante rolspelers nie; • Operasie Goeie - Hoop het nie die sosiale - misdaad probleme gepolisieër nie; en • Operasie Goeie - Hoop was nie bestuur deur 'n deeglike analise en deur 'n samehangende strategie nie. Die studie het tot die volgende aanbevelings gelei: • Die ontwikkeling van 'n plaaslike - gebaseerde strategie vir misdaadvoorkoming onder leiding van die plaaslike regering om misdaad en geweld te normaliseer; • Die ontwikkeling van 'n provinsiale raamwerk vir 'n geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsbenadering tot polisieëring en om ernstige geweldsmisdade te stabaliseer; • Dat oplossings tot misdaadvoorkoming gebaseer moet wees op faktore wat misdaad veroorsaak; en • Dat 'n misdaadvoorkomingstrategie ontwerp en geïmplimenteer moet word. Ten slotte toon die studie aan dat 'n provinsiale misdaadvoorkomingstrategie ondersteunend moet wees tot 'n plaaslike - gebaseerde misdaadvoorkomingstrategie, om te gelyke tyd misdaad en geweld te stabaliseer en te normaliseer.
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Conley, Jamie Erin. "Spatial analysis of the effects of revitalization on crime in the Jeffrey-Lynne community in Anaheim, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2555.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last few years the city of Anaheim has undertaken several significant redevelopment projects designed to revitalize some of the older, more run down areas of the city. One of these projects was the redevelopment of the Jeffrey-Lynne neighborhood, an area that had been plagued by crime. The redevelopment involved the complete remodeling of the existing housing structure into lower density housing within a gated community. This study examines the impact of the redevelopment on the crime rate in this neighborhood; it employs location quotient analyses for six geographic levels on four crime categories (property, violence, disorder, drug) and five crime types (disturbance, robbery, burglary, assault, auto theft). The results reveal that the effects of the redevelopment on the crime rate were mixed.
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Londt, Natalie. "Die rol van die maatskaplike werker by die bemagtiging van vrywilligers by 'n slagofferondersteuningsentrum." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52787.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSocialWork)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through the establishment of victim support centres, NICRO Eastern Cape aims to develop community networks that render available and appropriate support services to victims of crime. Social workers empower volunteers to run the centres. In order for the social workers to empower volunteers, they need to clearly understand their role in the empowerment process. The goal of the study is to clarify the role of social workers when empowering volunteers at community victim support centres. The profile, motivation and current empowerment of volunteers at NICRO Eastern Cape were determined and described by means of questionnaires. The respondents were fifteen volunteers and three social workers. Conclusions and recommendations were made which focused, among other aspects, on the training of social workers and strategic planning around empowerment. The framework of this research report can be utilized by social workers in the empowering of volunteers, which could possibly lead to victim support centres that are managed by volunteers, as representatives of communities, independently from NICRO.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: By die slagofferondersteuningsentrums te NICRO Oos-Kaap word daar gepoog om 'n gemeenskapsnetwerk te ontwikkel waardeur slagoffers van misdaad beskikbare en toepaslike ondersteuning ontvang. Dit word gedoen deur die bemagtiging van vrywilligers deur maatskaplike werkers. Ten einde die vrywilligers te bemagtig, is dit belangrik dat maatskaplike werkers hul rol in die proses van bemagtiging begryp. Die doel van die studie is om die rol van die maatskaplike werker uit te klaar met die bemagtiging van vrywilligers by 'n gemeenskapslagofferondersteuningsentrum. Die profiel, motivering en huidige bemagtiging van vrywilligers by NICRO Oos-Kaap is deur middel van vraelyste bepaal en ontleed. Die respondente het uit vyftien vrywilligers en drie maatskaplike werkers bestaan. Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak en aanbevelings gedoen wat onder andere fokus op die opleiding aan maatskaplike werkers en strategiese beplanning rondom bemagtiging. Die raamwerk van hierdie navorsingsverslag sal deur maatskaplike werkers benut kan word in die bemagtiging van vrywilligers en dit kan moontlik aanleiding gee tot slagofferondersteuningsentrums wat onafhanklik van NICRO deur vrywilligers, as verteenwoordigers van gemeenskappe, bestuur word.
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Aparicio, Malin. "Brott & Plats - brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande stadsplanering." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23271.
Full textAbstract:
Detta examensarbete har sin utgångspunkt ihållbar stadsutveckling och inriktar sigsärskilt på social hållbarhet men även påekonomisk hållbarhet. Arbetet behandlarhuruvida den fysiska strukturen (gator,byggnader, parker, vägar) och markanvändningen(mötesplatser, funktionsblandning,aktivitetsytor) kan verka brottsförebyggandeoch trygghetsskapande och som kontextundersöks delområdet Herrgården iRosengård, Malmö. Med utgångspunkt i deteoretiska principerna; människans skala,befolkade stadsrum, naturlig övervakningoch förvaltning härleds en förståelse försambandet mellan fysisk miljö, brott ochotrygghet. En nulägesbeskrivning och enhållbarhetsanalys av situationen i Herrgårdengörs. Området Herrgården kartläggsoch analyseras utifrån ett observationsschemabaserat på de teoretiska principerna.Analysen av den fysiska strukturenkompletteras med brottsstatistisk, analysav brottskoncentrationers geografiskaplacering tillsammans med input från denfördjupade trygghetsundersökningen. Intevjuermed verksamma i området kompletterarstudien.Hållbarhetsanalysen visar att Herrgårdenär ett utsatt och resurssvagt område samtatt Herrgårdenborna saknar förankring tillsamhället genom sin låga delaktighet. Invånarnai Herrgården känner en låg gradav trivsel, tillit och kollektiv styrka,lägst för stadsdelen.Vidare uppger invånarna i Herrgården attde känner en hög otrygghet och en storandel av invånarna avstår aktiviteter pågrund av otrygghet fastän utsattheten förbrott inte är anmärkningsvärd hög.Analys av den fysiska strukturen och markanvändningenutifrån principerna ur teorigenomgången;människans skala, befolkadestadsrum, naturlig övervakning ochförvaltning visar att det finns mycket attgöra.Analysen av brottsstatistik visar på treutmärkande mikroplatser i delområdet; Rosengårdsskolan,koloniområdet och Rosengårdsherrgård (inrymmer Drömmarnas hus).Hållbarhetsanalysen visar att jämlikhetenoch delaktigheten i Herrgården behöverstärkas. För att öka den upplevda trygghetenoch minska brottsligheten i Herrgårdenkrävs insatser som inbegriper mångaaktörer och en bred samverkan, inte minstpå lokal nivå. Vidare är det nödvändigtmed en lokal förankring till de boende iområdet inte minst barn och unga som utgören stor andel av invånarna. För attförändringar i den fysiska strukturen skaförbli långsiktiga investeringar och intedrabbas av vandalisering och nedskräpningså är det viktigt att befolkningen i områdetkommer till tals och får möjlighetatt lämna synpunkter och förslag tidigt iprocessen.Som en del av examensarbetet upprättas enprojektplan med syfte att stärka främstden sociala men även ekonomiska hållbarhetensom omfattar att ta fram en generiskmodell för ett lokalt brottsförebyggandeoch trygghetsskapande program med inriktningpå fysisk struktur och markanvändning,TRYGG & SÄKER. Projektet syftartill att öka tryggheten och minska tillfällenaför brott men även till att ökajämlikheten och delaktigheten bland de boendeoch verksamma.Sökord/nyckelord: hållbar stadsutveckling,social hållbarhet, brottsförebyggande ochtrygghetsskapande stadsplanering, brott,säkerhet, trygghet, GIS, fysisk planering,geografisk analys, markanvändning, befolkadestadsrum, stadsliv, ögon på gatan,delaktighet, hotspots, mikroplatsThis thesis is based on sustainable urbandevelopment and focuses particularlyon social sustainability, but also economicsustainability. The thesis addresseswhether the physical structure (streets,buildings, parks, roads) and land use (venues,function mixing, activity areas) cansupport crime prevention and reduce thefear of crime and the context for thissurvey is Herrgården in Malmö, Sweden. Basedon the theoretical principles; humanscale, populated urban space, natural surveillanceand management an understandingof the relationship between physical environment,crime and fear of crime is derived.A status report and a sustainabilityanalysis of the situation in the Herrgårdenis made. The area Herrgården is mappedand analyzed through an observationschedule based on the theoretical principles.The analysis of the physical structureis complemented by crime statistics,analysis of hotspots` geographic positiontogether with input from the security survey.Interviews with people working in thearea complements the study.The sustainability analysis shows thatHerrgården is a vulnerable and weak resourcearea and the residents lacks anchoringto the community by their low participation.The inhabitants of Herrgårdenfeel a low degree of satisfaction, trust,and collective strength, lowest for thedistrict.Furthermore, residents in Herrgården statethat they feel a high level of fear ofcrime and a high proportion of residentsrefrain activities due to fear of crime,although victimization is not remarkablyhigh.Analysis of the physical structure andland use based on the principles of thetheory; human scale, populated urban spaces,natural surveillance and managementshows that there still is much to do.The analysis of crime statistics shows threedistinctive hot spots in the area;Rosengårdsskolan, area with the allotmentsand the old mansion of Rosengård(today Drömmarnas hus, multiactivities forchildren and young).The sustainability analysis shows thatequality and participation in Herrgårdenneeds to be strengthened. In order to reducethe crime and the fear of crime in Herrgården efforts involving many stakeholdersand a broad collaboration, especiallyat the local level, is needed.Furthermore, it is necessary to have alocal connection to the residents especiallychildren and young people who make upa large proportion of the inhabitants. Tochange the physical structure to remainlong-term investment and not suffer fromvandalism and littering, it is importantthat people in the area have a voice andthe opportunity to make comments and suggestionsearly in the process.As part of the thesis a projectplan is established,aimed at strengthening primarilysocial but also economic sustainability,which includes developing a genericmodel for a local crime prevention andsecurity-building program that focus onphysical structure and land use, SAFE &SECURE. The project aims to reduce fear ofcrime and reduce opportunities for crimebut also to increase the equality and fullparticipation of people living and working.Keywords/tags: sustainable urban development,social sustainability, crime preventionand reduced fear of crime, urbanplanning, crime, safety, security, GIS,spatial planning, spatial analysis, landuse, populated urban space, city life, eyeson the street, participation, hot spots
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Lopes, Inês Gonçalves Fatelo. "Game for Cyber Crime Prevention." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7824.
Full textAbstract:
Technologies are increasingly becoming a part of the daily lives of younger generations and with
no supervised usage of these technologies, teenagers are exposed to various threats. To create
awareness in the youth, an educational game about cyber-security was designed and a game
prototype was created. The game designed was a detective game, where the player takes the
role of a detective to investigate a cyber-crime and to solve the case the player must play several
mini-games. Each mini-game has a specific thematic about cyber-security, for example, sharing
information in social networks, phishing and the importance of creating strong passwords. In
these mini-games the player makes decisions and learn based on that. This prototype was tested
by teenagers and there was an improvement of their cyber-security knowledge. A cyber-security
educational game may grow cyber-security awareness in younger generations.Este resumo alargado tem como objetivo apresentar o conteúdo deste relatório de uma forma detalhada em Língua Portuguesa, visto que o documento está escrito na Língua Inglesa. Introdução No primeiro capítulo do relatório é apresentado um resumo do projeto através do seu enquadramento e da discussão da motivação por detrás da escolha do mesmo. Na introdução são apontados os objetivos do projeto, a metodologia utilizada, e os resultados esperados. Equadramento, Motivação e Objectivos Atualmente, as tecnologias fazem cada vez mais parte do quotidiano das gerações mais novas da sociedade. Desde bastante novas, as crianças vão tendo contacto com aparelhos como smartphones ou tablets e o mundo virtual, nomeadamente a Internet. Chegando à adolescência, estes jovens têm uma vida virtual ativa através dos seus computadores e telemóveis e, muitas vezes, esta não é acompanhada pelos pais (até porque muitos destes não acompanham os avanços tecnológicos). Assim sendo, estes adolescentes estão expostos a várias ameaças informáticas através dos seus dispositivos. Para educar estes jovens, alertando-os dos riscos que podem correr com os seus smartphones e na Internet, existem várias organizações e projetos que se focam na cyber-segurança, bem como em alertar os pais e educadores dos mesmos. De modo a suportar as ações pedagógicas sobre cyber-segurança tomadas por este tipo de organizações ou por educadores, pretendeu-se o design e o desenvolvimento de um videojogo direcionado para jovens que aborde as ameaças informáticas a que estes estão expostos e que fomente neles uma melhor conduta online. O objetivo principal deste projeto foi desenhar e desenvolver um protótipo de videojogo para smartphone que atente em instruir bons hábitos de cyber-segurança nos jovens e que chame a atenção para os riscos online. Este protótipo servirá como suporte para um conceito de um jogo completo que permita que jovens jogadores consigam, sozinhos, assumir ações responsáveis na Internet. [...]
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Jhou, Ji-Syuan, and 周佶璇. "Crime Prevention of the Face Recognition System Development with EmguCV Implementation in Campus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73173922872018576423.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
資訊科學系碩士班
104
Follow the rapid growth of technology,related techniques for Face Recognition have slowly risen. And with the persisting social security problems nowadays,Face Recognition started to widely applies in people’s life. Hence,This paper discusses about implementation of EmguCV,a face recognition system,in campus for crime prevention.When incorporated into the campus camera,enhances the campus security by identifying.The system will capture and record the person facial features via the campus camera for the use of trained classifier.These classified individual data of facial features is then used for identity recognition by comparing with image captured on-site.When the degree of similarity between saved and on-site data reaches a certain threshold,the person will be verified. However,the above mentioned technique only works well in public environment.Compared with the former,campus environment will encounter the following two issues.Firstly,light,movement or face being covered could render omissions.Secondly,the come-and-go of people will result in multiple identities being detected as "Strangers" which such faces will continuously judged as "Strangers" if they are not in face database.So, this paper added two technologies.One is face tracking technology that minimize omission issue due to light,movement,or covered face.The second technique is strangers suspicious rate.It automatically trains "Strangers" and do classification thereafter.Then uses statistical analysis to determine the severity of suspicious rate of the "Strangers".Finally,this paper based on face identification methods PCA,FisherFaces,and LBPH, and allow switching to the desired method in an active way.
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Pretorius, William Lyon. "The development of a criminological intervention model for the Rosslyn industrial environment in Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19682.
Full textAbstract:
The problem investigated in this research is the ongoing crime threat and the extreme risks which impact negatively on the sustainability of the Rosslyn Industry - the industrial hub of Tshwane in the Gauteng Provence of South Africa. Businesses in Rosslyn are desperate for a solution that will mitigate these crime threats and risks, and ensure the future sustainability of this important industrial community. An intervention model is urgently required to prevent this type of crime, not only as a short term solution but as a sustainable long term intervention.
This research study initiated the collaboration required for the successful implementation of a Crime Prevention Intervention Model (CPIM) in the Rosslyn industrial environment. The intended crime prevention model has been designed in such a way that it addresses the entire environment of crime that prevails in the Rosslyn area involving both the offender and the victim. This design is rooted in the ontology of Environmental Criminology and more specific on the applied epistemology of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
Participants in this project are representatives who are responsible for all security functions in both big businesses and small enterprises. And with their dedicated assistance the research findings disclosed the current crime status of the Rosslyn environment regarding the threat, risk, security vulnerabilities, controls and needs:
• Crime and its causal factors, in Rosslyn, are rife and no noteworthy action has been implemented to mitigate these threats.
• Collaboration between Rosslyn role players (neighbours, local government and law enforcement) is for all purposes non-existent.
• And to complicate matters even more, knowledge of how to effectively mitigate crime is limited and handicapped by the re-active physical security methods currently being used.
• The implication of these findings is that the status quo will eventually render business in Rosslyn unsustainable. Thus a CPIM in Rosslyn is inevitable.
What was crucial to this research and to the CTPED design is the detailed sourcing of accurate data addressing the experiences and the needs the respondents identified in the current Rosslyn crime situation concerning; status, the threat, risk, security, vulnerabilities and controls.
In order to achieve this level of data sourcing and assimilation, the essential features of the research method were based on a mixed approach where quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented in parallel. The diverse fields, sources and respondent mix required for a Rosslyn Industry CPIM also necessitated a MIT (Multi,-Inter,-Trans,-Disciplinary) approach. This MIT requirement is successfully facilitated through the applied criminological CPTED approach.
The CPIM is based on the combined outcomes of the following three research fields:
• Field-one: Environmental criminology theories are researched through an in-depth literature review to demonstrate the criminological grounding of crime prevention and to guide its application through the development of an applied CPTED SUITE.
• Field-two: Supply Chain Security (SCS) are researched through an in-depth literature review to establish its criminological relevance and applications. SCS requirements are identified and built into the Field-Three research process and tested for relevance and for incorporation in the CPTED SUITE.
• Field-three: Based on a mixed research process, using a custom designed Criminological Risk Analyses tool incorporating scheduled interviews and questionnaires, the crime and needs profile of the Rosslyn Industry are uncovered and analysed. The results are filtered through the CPTED SUITE to indicate the correct criminological approach for mitigating the identified problems and needs.
Even though this study takes an applied crime preventative approach, the criminological-philosophical mould of crime prevention is imperative for the effective application of the CPTED. Security and crime prevention training, planning and application, without this approach will remain underdeveloped and outdated.
Finally the underlying intention of this research is for this Crime Prevention Intervention Model (CPIM) to be adapted and implemented and to serve as a guide or a benchmark for security practitioners in any industrial environment that has the same crime threats and crime risk challenges.Criminology and Security Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Ndwamato, Awelani. "Housing layout design and crime reduction in RDP developments : a case study of Chesterville, Durban in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11244.
Full textAbstract:
It is argued that housing designs and layout systems for crime prevention can have either
positive or negative implications on the actual prevention of crime. Therefore, this research
explores the exact implications that housing designs and layout systems have in relation to
crime in RDP development neighbourhoods. Various principles such as defensible space
principles and crime prevention through environmental design are emphasized in this study:
Surveillance, territoriality, access control, image and milieu. Other supporting characteristics
like housing design principles including housing structures, support activities and gated
communities are highly elaborated, as well as street layout. These analytical criteria were
used to examine the Chesterville RDP developments. Procedurally, the evaluation entailed
analysing both street layout and housing design and analysing the views and perceptions of
people living in the area. The findings indicate that residents of Chesterville display high
level of perception of safety although they do acknowledge that there is petty crime once in a
while. The researcher asserts that overall housing design and layout systems for crime
prevention have positive implications on crime reduction in residential areas.
The study also investigated the type of criminal activities that occur in the area. The study
analysed the types of criminal activities which were related to housing and layout in
Chesterville RDP developments. Data was collected by conducting household surveys and an
interview with the community leader. Local and international case studies that were used
revealed interesting scenarios of the usage of environmental design to aid crime prevention.
In the context of Chesterville the main findings showed that there is a sense safety in the area
although assault was found to be high. The study thus proposed recommendations in an
attempt to improve crime reduction in Chesterville as a whole.
This dissertation is structured as follows: The chapter one introduces the research problem,
research questions, hypothesis, and the research method used to conduct the study. Chapter
two provides both the theoretical framework and the literature review for the topic being
studied. International and national case studies are used to support the flow of the argument.
Chapter three introduces the geographical and historical background of case studies in which
the study was conducted. This historical background is linked to the topic of study to help to
understand the phenomenon of crime prevention. Chapter four deals with the presentation and analysis of data collected and in chapter five conclusions are drawn from the findings and
recommendations are made.Thesis (M.Housing)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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Lebeya, Seswantsho Godfrey. "Organised crime in the Southern African development community with specific reference to motor vehicle theft." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1621.
Full textAbstract:
International police co-operation is a recipe for success in the fight against transnational organised crime. Such cooperation has never been without challenges, especially in the light of disharmonious national laws. SARPCCO has made promising advances towards the elimination of blockages which hamper police cooperation. The joint, bilateral, simultaneous operations which are continuously carried out and the transferring of skills through training are exemplary to the rest of the world. SARPCCO is, however, struggling to make serious inroads into the organised motor vehicle theft because of the problems in returning them to their lawful owners.
The objective of this study is to analyse the laws used by the SARPCCO member countries in fighting motor vehicle theft, transnational organised crime, recoveries, repatriation, prosecution and extradition of offenders. The SARPCCO member countries on which the analysis is done are Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland and Zambia.Jurisprudence
LL. M.
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Mbuvi, Charles. "The development and growth of the Kenyan private security sector : its role and impact on safety and security." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19686.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to analyse the development and growth of the Kenyan private security sector, and to establish its role and impact on safety and security. The study included determining the impact of the private security sector in Nairobi and the mobile patrol functions on safety and security in Kenya. Furthermore, to determine the impact of the Kenyan private security sector on loss prevention functions; reviewed how special events security and private investigation functions affect the safety and security of Kenyans; and also considered how in-house security functions of the private security sector further influence safety and security in Kenya.
The researcher reviewed previous studies with a view to establish academic gaps which the present study sought to bridge. This study adopted a census survey design and employed quantitative research methods as the main approach to guide the study. The research targeted all of the private security firms in Kenya. There are 23 listed security firms under the Kenya Security Industry Association (KSIA) and 44 under the Protective Security Industry Association (PSIA) - a total of 67 security firms in Kenya.
The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire to elicit the required information from the respondents. The respondents were either the Managing Director or Head of Security at these firms, since they have a broad knowledge about the business activities being conducted by the company. Most of them have been with the company for a significant number of years.
Emanating from the research findings it is recommended that the security firms should better train the private security guards in order to enhance overall security being provided to clients. Security guards must be able to respond to different changes in their environment, which include action such as traffic movement; ensure the safety of people among and inside different localities; observing and handling the admittance and exit of individuals and cars and evaluating and monitoring individuals and coming up with a policy and legal framework for regulating and observing Private Security Company (PSC) activity.
The study concludes that the private security sector in Kenya impacts on and influences overall safety and security. The study, therefore, finds that there has been growth and development of the private security sector in Kenya and it continues to do so currently. Finally, advances the view that a significant relationship does exist between the functions of the private security sector and the development of the private security sector in Kenya which have had an extensive influence on levels of safety and security in that country.Criminology and Security Science
M. Tech. (Security Management)
31
Schneider, Gavriel. "The design and development of a best practice use-of-force training model for the private security industry." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23548.
Full text
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Kruger, Johannes Frederick Eric. "Kriminologiese analise van sekuriteitrisiko's binne die kommersiële produksiegebied van Transvaal Suiker Beperk." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2052.
Full textAbstract:
This research focusses on crime prevention on farms with Transvaal Sugar Limited as a selected study. The printed media, quantitative and qualitative research principles were used to gather data and to determine to what extend crime is experienced by the respondents. The primary aim of the quantitative research principles is to investigate the nature and extent of crime on the company`s agricultural sites. Existing crime prevention measures on the different agricultural sites are also evaluated and recommendations made where necessary. Interviews with various respondents brought to the fore interesting opinions related to crime based on the empirical-phenomenological method. The support farmers received from the SAPS is discussed in full.
The value of the primary physical barriers or obstructions with regard to crime prevention were emphasised in this study. Without the support of conventional electronics, together with the inputs of the human factor, physical crime prevention measures will be of little value, especially on geographical far reached agricultural estates.
Farm attacks as a separate phenomenon is part of this study and serves as a comprehensive discussion regarding media reports and previous research on this subject. The ADSC crime prevention model is developed as a result of this study with the aim of contributing to the prevention of crime on farms. Good interpersonal and loyal attitudes are identified as key factors on which the farmers must concentrate in order to prevent crime.Criminology
D. Litt. et Phil.(Criminology)
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Mwamba, Leon Tshimpaka. "An evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relationship to Botswana's development." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14218.
Full textAbstract:
The study focuses on an evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relation to Botswana’s development. An evaluation was needed to find out whether the anti-corruption initiatives were effective and whether there were a correlation between the effectiveness of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC) and the level of development in Botswana.
This study showed that, the DCEC has succeeded to low corruption in Botswana through its most successful public education mandate and debatable good governance. The DCEC has helped to enhance service delivery in the public sector through the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Units (ACUs) within the Ministries aimed at tackling corruption in-house. Consequently, a significant slight improvement was registered in both public health and education sectors. However, that improvement was still minimal to the extent that it has been hampered by the challenging working conditions of the DCEC attributable to the inadequacy of legislation, lack of manpower, shortage of required skills and slow criminal justice system as well as the debatable independence of the DCEC, evidenced by its reporting and appointing lines. This implies that the impact of the DCEC in the development of Botswana has been minimal, as the country is still devastated by socio-economic disparities especially in rural areas.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)