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Journal articles on the topic 'Developmental trauma'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ford, Julian D. "Complex Trauma and Developmental Trauma Disorder in Adolescence." Adolescent Psychiatry 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676608666180112160419.

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2

Hewitt, Peter. "Psychological trauma: A developmental approach." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 4, no. 3 (September 1997): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-1131(97)90101-2.

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3

Moran, Mark. "Developmental Trauma MeritsDSMDiagnosis, Experts Say." Psychiatric News 42, no. 3 (February 2, 2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.42.3.0020.

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4

Wright, Bob. "Psychological trauma: a developmental approach." Accident and Emergency Nursing 6, no. 2 (April 1998): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-2302(98)90015-7.

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5

Cohen, Shlomith. "Trauma and the Developmental Process." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 51, no. 1 (January 1996): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1996.11822432.

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6

Bloomfield, Michael. "41. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAUMA AND PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 45, Supplement_2 (April 2019): S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz022.168.

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7

van der Kolk, Bessel A., and Christine A. Courtois. "Editorial comments: Complex developmental trauma." Journal of Traumatic Stress 18, no. 5 (2005): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20046.

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8

Valjee, Sachet R., and Steven J. Collings. "The meaning of developmental trauma: validation of a brief screen for developmental trauma appraisals." South African Journal of Psychology 46, no. 3 (August 2, 2016): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246315617888.

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9

Denton, Ruth, Catherine Frogley, Sue Jackson, Mary John, and Dawn Querstret. "The assessment of developmental trauma in children and adolescents: A systematic review." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, no. 2 (March 2, 2016): 260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104516631607.

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Background: The assessment of children and young people with history of complex developmental trauma presents a significant challenge to services. Traditional diagnostic categories such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are argued to be of limited value, and while the proposed ‘Developmental Trauma Disorder’ definition attempts to address this debate, associated assessment tools have yet to be developed. This review builds on a previous review of assessment measures, undertaken in 2005. Aim: To identify trauma assessment tools developed or evaluated since 2004 and determine which are developmentally appropriate for children or adolescents with histories of complex trauma. Method: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 35 papers were identified evaluating 29 measures assessing general functioning and mental health ( N = 10), PTSD ( N = 7) and trauma symptomatology outside, or in addition to, PTSD ( N = 11). Studies were evaluated on sample quality, trauma/adversity type, as well as demographic and psychometric data. Distinction was made between measures validated for children (0–12 years) and adolescents (12–18 years). Conclusion: Few instruments could be recommended for immediate use as many required further validation. The Assessment Checklist questionnaires, designed with a developmental and attachment focus, were the most promising tools.
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10

Graovac, M., D. Petrić, A. Kaštelan, J. Rebić, M. Biškup, and T. Frančišković. "1917 – Childhood trauma and developmental processes." European Psychiatry 28 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76866-4.

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11

Teague, Corey M. "Developmental Trauma Disorder: A Provisional Diagnosis." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no. 6 (July 2013): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.804470.

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12

Ford, Julian D. "Polyvictimization and developmental trauma in childhood." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 12, sup1 (February 1, 2021): 1866394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1866394.

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13

Spinazzola, Joseph, Bessel Kolk, and Julian D. Ford. "Developmental Trauma Disorder: A Legacy of Attachment Trauma in Victimized Children." Journal of Traumatic Stress 34, no. 4 (May 28, 2021): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.22697.

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14

Isobel, Sophie, Melinda Goodyear, and Kim Foster. "Psychological Trauma in the Context of Familial Relationships: A Concept Analysis." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017726424.

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Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.
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15

Elbrecht, Cornelia, and Liz Antcliff. "Being in Touch: Healing Developmental and Attachment Trauma at the Clay Field." Children Australia 40, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2015.30.

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Developmental trauma is a term that describes the impact of adverse childhood experiences that results in the loss of capacity to integrate sensory, emotional, cognitive and relational information into cohesive, trusting and safe lived experiences. Infants’ and children's brain, nervous systems and neural development are vulnerable to these traumas. Trauma is stored in the implicit memory and is manifest through body gestures, breath, body behaviours, sensory perceptions, emotions and thoughts. Play therapy, sand tray therapy and creative arts therapy are all offered as interventions for childhood trauma. Work at the Clay Field®, is a sensorimotor art therapy and differs from play, sand and visual arts therapy as it focuses on haptic perception, the use of the hands and touch as a tool of perception. Touch is one of the most fundamental human experiences and is the basis of secure attachment, linked to our earliest body memories. Work at the Clay Field® is grounded in theories of developmental psychology, object relations, sensorimotor therapy and haptic perception. Haptic object relations as skin sense, vestibular sense of balance and depth sense are presented as the underpinning principles of Work at the Clay Field®. Children from the age of 2 years old onwards are enabled through work at the Clay Field to satiate developmental needs, in particular those from the preverbal age of early infancy. They also can complete trauma-related fragmented or incomplete action cycles through safe touch and restore their developmental path.
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16

Sofuoğlu, Şeyda, and İpek Güzide Pur-Karabulut. "Attachment-Focused Therapeutic Intervention to Developmental Trauma in School Environment." Journal of Qualitative Research in Education 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c.2s.7m.

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17

Teicher, Martin H., Susan L. Andersen, Ann Polcari, Carl M. Anderson, and Carryl P. Navalta. "Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 25, no. 2 (June 2002): 397–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(01)00003-x.

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18

Blum, Harold P. "Childhood trauma, unconscious conflict and developmental transformation." International Forum of Psychoanalysis 28, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803706x.2017.1420918.

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19

Rahim, Masuma. "Developmental trauma disorder: An attachment-based perspective." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 19, no. 4 (May 16, 2014): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104514534947.

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20

Gregorowski, Claire, and Soraya Seedat. "Addressing childhood trauma in a developmental context." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 25, no. 2 (December 2013): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2013.795154.

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21

Pappas, Demetra, Jason Fogler, Sabrina Sargado, Leah Welchons, and Marilyn Augustyn. "International/Institutional Trauma in Developmental Pediatric Practice." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 38, no. 4 (May 2017): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000443.

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22

Caffaro, John V. "Identification and trauma: An integrative-developmental approach." Journal of Family Violence 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02110535.

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23

Young, Antoinette. "Developmental dyslexia associated with peri-natal trauma." Clinical Chiropractic 7, no. 1 (March 2004): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clch.2003.12.001.

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24

Hoekstra, Kiera, and Ellen Katz. "Shame in Family Systems With Developmental Trauma." Family Journal 29, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480720987997.

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This article highlights the importance of recognizing and working with shame when clinicians are supporting families who have experiences of developmental trauma. This article will help clinicians identify the existence of shame in parents, children, and therapist; differentiate shame from guilt; understand the connection to developmental trauma; and draw information from case examples. This article draws from clinical wisdom and experience, providing possible interventions that may be helpful with this population. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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25

Lonie, Isla. "Book Review: Psychological Trauma and Sexual Abuse: Psychological Trauma: A Developmental Approach." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0004867990434.

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26

Hartinger-Saunders, Robin M., Annette Semanchin Jones, and Barbara Rittner. "Improving Access to Trauma-Informed Adoption Services: Applying a Developmental Trauma Framework." Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40653-016-0104-1.

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27

Hughes, Daniel. "Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP): An Attachment-focused Family Treatment for Developmental Trauma." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 38, no. 4 (December 2017): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1273.

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28

van der Kolk, Bessel A. "Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories." Psychiatric Annals 35, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20050501-06.

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29

TOTH, SHEREE L., and DANTE CICCHETTI. "Remembering, forgetting, and the effects of trauma on memory: A developmental psychopathology perspective." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001771.

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A developmental psychopathology framework, with its emphasis on an interdisciplinary perspective, the interplay between work conducted with normal and atypical populations, and its focus on investigating functioning in multiple domains of development concurrently, possesses significant potential for advancing work on memory and trauma. A brief historical overview of memory and trauma is provided. Significant issues are highlighted that must be confronted in order to advance the understanding of the effects of trauma on memory and the utility of a developmental psychopathology perspective for informing research efforts is examined. The implications of a developmental psychopathology perspective for guiding research, clinical, and social policy initiatives of relevance to trauma and memory are discussed.
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30

Tozoglu, Sinan, Umit Yolcu, and Ummuhan Tozoglu. "Developmental disturbance of maxillary lateral incisor after trauma." Dental Traumatology 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00380.x.

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31

Tannure, Patricia Nivoloni, and Laura Guimarães Primo. "Developmental disturbance of maxillary lateral incisor after trauma." Dental Traumatology 23, no. 6 (December 2007): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00640.x.

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32

Bhui, Kamaldeep. "Green psychiatry: natural environments, developmental trauma and anxiety." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.103.

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33

Morris, Deborah J., Shubhinder Shergill, and Elizabeth Beber. "Developmental trauma in a forensic intellectual disability population." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 11, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-06-2019-0011.

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Purpose People with an intellectual disability (ID) are more at risk of experiencing adverse childhood events. Moreover, prolonged exposure to ACEs results in enduring changes and impairments in neurological, physiological and psycho-social systems and functioning. In response, van der Kolk et al. (2009) have put forward the concept of developmental trauma disorder (DTD) to reflect the “constellation of enduring symptoms” and complex care needs of this population. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the level of exposure to adverse childhood events and the prevalence of DTD in an inpatient forensic ID population. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective file review and consensus approach to diagnosis were used in a sample of adults with an ID detained in a secure forensic service. Findings Results revealed that 89 admissions (N=123) had been exposed to at least one significant ACE, with 81 being exposed to prolonged ACEs. A total of 58 admissions (47 per cent) met criteria for PTSD and 80 (65 per cent) met the criteria for DTD. Significant gender differences were noted in MHA status, primary psychiatric diagnoses, exposure to ACEs and DTD. Research limitations/implications The discussion explores the implications for working with forensic ID populations who report high incidents of childhood trauma and the utility, strengths and weaknesses of the proposed DTD, its relationship to ID diagnoses is explored. Originality/value The study outlines the prevalence of DTD and PTSD in ID forensic populations and suggests additional key assessment and treatment needs for this population.
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34

Riggs Skean, Karen. "AEDP and Cultural Competence in Developmental Trauma Treatment." Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy 14, no. 1 (September 13, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/pcsp.v14i1.2034.

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This commentary discusses the therapy of a complex trauma survivor combining Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) with culturally competent strategies, particularly the use of a shared second language of origin. This combination potentiated the transformation of early affectively and bodily held memories and facilitated a successful outcome. Implications for short-term models and the training of therapists are discussed.
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35

Guiffrida, Douglas, and Kathryn Z. Douthit. "Book Review ofCrisis and Trauma: Developmental-Ecological Intervention." Journal of Counseling & Development 85, no. 3 (July 2007): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00487.x.

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36

Ford, Julian D. "A Developmental Trauma Perspective on Childhood Sexual Abuse." JAMA Network Open 3, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): e2018272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18272.

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37

Hensinger, Robert N., and Eric T. Jones. "Developmental Orthopaedics. II: The Spine, Trauma and Infection." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 24, no. 2 (November 12, 2008): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb08806.x.

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38

Lee, Namhun, Se-Jong Oh, Jang-Woo Park, Kyung-Rok Nam, Kyung-Jun Kang, Kyo-Chul Lee, Yong-Jin Lee, June-Seek Choi, Jeong-Ho Seok, and Jae-Yong Choi. "Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052522.

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Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.
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39

Crenshaw, David A., Lori Stella, Ellen O’Neill-Stephens, and Celeste Walsen. "Developmentally and Trauma-Sensitive Courtrooms." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 6 (April 4, 2016): 779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816641854.

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Courtrooms in the United States whether family court or criminal court fall far short of being either developmentally or trauma sensitive. While there is growing recognition that vulnerable child witnesses are at risk of retraumatization by court procedures and some judges have used their discretionary powers to render courtrooms less toxic to children, the system was designed by adults for adults, and certainly not for children. The court process especially in criminal trials does not typically take into account the developmental constraints of children nor do they fully understand trauma in children and the risks to testifying child witnesses. Humanistic psychology has long stood for social justice and compassion toward our most vulnerable humans, especially children, but the long and slow-to-change traditions of the court system in the United States creates an environment that is inhospitable to children and even older victims as illustrated by the low rate of prosecutions in rape cases. This article outlines the distressing conditions that await child victims/witnesses in this country in comparison with other developed countries and an innovative, out-of-the box solution that does not interfere with the rights of the accused.
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40

Emerson, Natacha D., and Brenda Bursch. "Communicating with Youth about Pain: Developmental Considerations." Children 7, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7100184.

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Background: Pain experiences can negatively impact children and adolescents, leading to trauma symptoms and nonadherence to important health behaviors. Developmentally-tailored communication strategies may mitigate this risk. Methods: This article reviews cognitive and linguistic developmental factors, within the familial and cultural context, that are important to consider when communicating with youth about acute, procedural, and/or chronic pain. Results: Youth undergoing acute or procedural pain benefit from pain education, truthful information about the procedure, and advance preparation. The use of analogies may be particularly helpful for patient understanding of chronic pain development, maintenance, and treatment. Youth with developmental disabilities may express pain differently than their normative peers, requiring adaptation of communication strategies. Conclusion: Developmentally-tailored pain communication is an important tool for caregivers and healthcare providers that may foster adaptive functioning in youth who experience pain.
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41

Kalish, Beth I. "Subtle forms of developmental trauma in the young child: attachment, the unconscious, and trauma." Proceedings of the Wuhan Conference on Women 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v3n2.2020.307.

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This article begins by discussing parenthood as a developmental phase that is crucial to the development of babies and of the mother-as-a-mother. Then the author describes the Watch, Wait and Wonder (WWW) method of intervention when the infant–mother dyad is faltering, and ends with a clinical example that illustrates the WWW method and the benefits it can provide.
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42

Bloomfield, Michael, Mustapha Modaffar, Franca Onyeama, Ting-Yun Chang, Joseph Dickson, and Jo Billings. "M98. IS THERE A DEVELOPMENTAL TRAUMAGENIC PHENOTYPE OF PSYCHOSIS?" Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.410.

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Abstract Background Developmental trauma (DT) induces vulnerability to psychosis in adulthood. Adult survivors of DT with psychosis (ASDTP) have worse prognosis across a range of outcomes compared to individuals with psychosis without DT exposure. It has been suggested that this may reflect a developmental ‘traumatogenic’ psychosis phenotype, distinct from idiopathic schizophrenia. Given the implications for precision medicine, we therefore sought to test this hypothesis by conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature comparing psychotic symptoms and neuroimaging findings between adults with psychosis diagnoses with and without developmental trauma. Methods We registered our search protocols in PROSPERO (CRD42018105021 and CRD42019131245). We systematically searched literature databases for relevant studies published up to July 2019. “Embase”, “MEDLINE”, and “PsychINFO” were systematically searched. Reference lists, OpenGrey, and Google scholar were hand-searched. Phenomenological outcomes of interests were quantitative and/or qualitative differences in psychotic symptom expression (primary outcome) and other domains of psychopathology (secondary outcome) between ASDTP and people with psychosis who did not report developmental trauma. Neuroimaging outcomes of interest including markers of brain volume and function (e.g. task-induced blood-oxygen dependent signal). Results Seventeen studies of symptomatology were included. Of these, four were meta-analysed. There was a relationship between DT and greater positive (Hedges g=0.53; p<0.001) and negative (Hedges g =0.41; p=0.001) symptom severity. ASDTP had greater neurocognitive deficits and symptom severity in other domains of psychopathology compared to individuals without DT. There was evidence that psychotic symptom content related to traumatic memories in those with experiences of DT. We identified twenty-seven imaging studies (n = 1,438 psychosis patients, n = 1,114 healthy controls or healthy siblings). DT was associated with global and regional differences in grey matter; corticolimbic structural dysconnectivity; a potentiated threat detection system; dysfunction in regions associated with mentalization; and elevated striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Meta-analysis indicated that developmental trauma is associated with reductions of cortical thickness, global grey matter volume, and hippocampal volumes in patients with psychosis. Discussion Adult survivors of developmental trauma have more severe psychotic symptoms than those without developmental trauma histories. Alongside findings of differences in symptom expression and neuroimaging, the evidence suggests that there may be developmental traumatogenic psychosis phenotype. However, a key mechanistic gap remains how clinical and neuroimaging findings relate to each other. Nonetheless, alternative interpretations, such as an underdiagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, could also be plausible. These findings warrant further research to elucidate vulnerability and resilience mechanisms for psychosis in adult survivors of developmental trauma.
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43

Ford, Julian D. "Progress and Limitations in the Treatment of Complex PTSD and Developmental Trauma Disorder." Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40501-020-00236-6.

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Abstract Purpose of review This review describes treatments that have been developed (or adapted from treatment models for posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) for Complex PTSD (cPTSD) in adulthood and developmental trauma disorder (DTD) in childhood. The nascent research evidence-base is reviewed and future directions are discussed. Recent findings Numerous psychotherapy treatments are in the early stages of clinical testing and dissemination for symptoms of cPTSD (emotion dysregulation, interpersonal detachment, altered self-perception) and the additional symptoms of DTD (interpersonal, somatic, and behavioral dysregulation and dissociation). There is indirect evidence, primarily based on reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms (but not cPTSD or DTD symptoms specifically), of efficacy for varied approaches to trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in randomized controlled trials with adults and children with histories of developmentally adverse traumatic childhood experiences (e.g., abuse, violence). No approaches to pharmacotherapy have been systematically developed or tested for adult cPTSD or childhood DTD. Summary Despite a rapidly growing array of promising approaches to psychotherapy for cPTSD and DTD, the absence of formal diagnostic criteria for cPTSD and DTD has limited efforts to conduct scientific evaluations of the efficacy of these treatments. As treatment models continue to be created, refined, and disseminated, the recent development and validation of psychometric assessment measures for cPTSD (the International Trauma Questionnaire; ITQ) and DTD (the Developmental Trauma Disorder Semi-structured Interview; DTD-SI) is a crucial catalyst for rigorous outcome research that can lead to a robust cPTSD and DTD treatment outcome evidence-base and a precision health approach to treatment.
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44

Barol, Beth I., and Andrew Seubert. "Stepping Stones: EMDR Treatment of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Challenging Behavior." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 4, no. 4 (November 2010): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.4.4.156.

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Trauma and its ensuing accommodations, including challenging behaviors, have been a growing consideration for practitioners working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Recognizing the importance of one’s client’s trauma history, practitioners are seeking effective methods of providing therapy to IDD clients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related diagnoses. In this exploratory study, using a multiple single case study design, six individuals with IDD and known trauma histories were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The researchers employed the standard EMDR protocol, adapting it when necessary to accommodate the needs of each participant. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be an effective method of trauma treatment for clients with intellectual abilities, pointing to EMDR as a treatment with potential for facilitating healing from trauma with IDD clients.
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45

Ford, Julian D., Damion Grasso, Carolyn Greene, Joan Levine, Joseph Spinazzola, and Bessel van der Kolk. "Clinical Significance of a Proposed Developmental Trauma Disorder Diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74, no. 08 (August 15, 2013): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.12m08030.

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46

Zivkovic, Ales. "Developmental Trauma and the Bad Object: Attachment, Identity, Reenactments." Transactional Analysis Journal 50, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03621537.2020.1771033.

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47

NEWMAN, ELANA, SAMINA R. CHRISTOPHER, and JUDY O. BERRY. "Developmental Disabilities, Trauma Exposure, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 1, no. 2 (April 2000): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838000001002003.

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48

Monk, Christopher S., Daniel S. Pine, and Dennis S. Charney. "A developmental and neurobiological approach to early trauma research." Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 7, no. 2 (April 2002): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/scnp.2002.31793.

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49

Becker-Blease, Kathryn A., and Annmarie C. Hulette. "Expanding the Developmental and Contextual Focus of Trauma Studies." Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2008): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299730802043380.

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50

Pain, Clare. "Book Review: General Psychiatry: Psychological Trauma: A Developmental Approach." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 10 (December 1998): 1047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804301015.

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