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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Developmentally disabled – Psychology'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Feicht, Kimberly Jane. "Sexual abuse prevention for developmentally disabled women." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2773.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a program designed to teach developmentally disabled women the self-protective skills necessary to prevent sexual abuse. Twenty developmentally disabled women participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. Both groups were given a pretest to measure any preexisting self-protective skills. The experimental group participated in a seven session program. The training program used the following behavior modification techniques to teach the self-protective skills: modeling, role-playing, and verbal and physical prompts. To test the self-protective skills learned, both groups were given a posttest. The experimental group's role-play mean increased from pretest to posttest while the control group's role-play mean decreased. The predicted testing by treatment interaction effect was significant. To test the retention of the self-protective skills learned, a follow-up role-play test was given to the experimental group 3 weeks later. There was no significant difference between the group's pretest mean and their follow-up mean which shows that there was no retention of the skills learned.

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2

Korzon, Deborah S. "Social relationships of mildly developmentally disabled young adults : correlations to emotional disturbances /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487668215808615.

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3

Zayac, Ryan M. Johnston James M. "Direct instruction reading effects of the Reading Mastery Plus - Level K program on preschool children with developmental delays /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Psychology/Dissertation/Zayac_Ryan_14.pdf.

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4

Salz, Donald Lawrence. "Developing independent leisure behavior in severely and profoundly developmentally disabled adults." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2941.

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Training in independent and age-appropriate leisure activities is part of a comprehensive program of active treatment for developmentally disabled adults. Increased leisure skills have been shown to reduce a variety of problem behaviors, enhance a variety of useful skills, and allow the developmentally disabled to assimilate into more normalized settings. However, the developmentally disabled individual's engagement in leisure activities is often restricted due to such things as their own skill deficits, as well as limited availability of materials. This study investigated the effects of two training methods on the leisure behavior of 16 institutionalized severely and profoundly developmentally disabled adults. It was demonstrated that teaching subjects, not only how to use leisure materials, but to self-initiate leisure activity, resulted in significantly more frequent and sustained independent leisure activity than teaching subjects only how to use leisure materials. Data on subjects' videotaped leisure behaviors were collected during Baseline, six days of sessions over two weeks, where subjects were exposed to, but not prompted to use, six different leisure activities. Overall ranks during Baseline were used to assign subjects to two equal treatment groups. Target subjects were taught to self-initiate leisure with a complete task analysis of the activities. The complete task analysis included the entire functional routine of taking out, using (curriculum skills), and putting away materials. Curriculum Instruction subjects were trained only in the use of the materials. The model for training both groups was based on the Behavior Skills Rating Scale. Training sessions were held on 27 days over six weeks. This was followed by six days of Post-training Observation with conditions identical to Baseline. The significance of the difference between groups' subjects' Post-training rankings were determined using the Mann-Whitney U. All analyses utilized two-tailed tests, with significance set at p $<$.05. Overall, Target group subjects ranked significantly higher than CI subjects during Post-training Observation. In addition, they ranked significantly higher in the number of sessions with initiated activity; latency before initiating activity; and sustained leisure activity. There was no significant difference in the supplemental skills of taking out and putting away materials.

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5

Moore, P. J. "Learned helplessness in developmentally disabled adults : An examination of the mediating influence of normalization processes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374229.

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6

Zayac, Ryan M. "Contriving establishing operations responsese of individuals with developmental disabilities during learning task /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ZAYAC_RYAN_48.pdf.

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7

Walker, Alexis Philbin. "Parenting Stress: A Comparison of Mothers and Fathers of Disabled and Non-Disabled Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2686/.

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This study compared perceived levels of parenting stress between mothers and fathers of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with developmental disabilities, and normally developing children. The relationship of certain demographic variables, such as Socio-economic Status (SES), number of children, years married, parent age, and child age, as well as social support with parenting stress was also examined for mothers and fathers of these three groups. Identification of factors related to parenting stress in fathers was of particular importance for this study, as fathers are often an underrepresented group within parenting research. Identifying effective methods for predicting high levels of parenting stress is important, as stress has been linked to psychological well-being, potential for abuse, and a greater likelihood of poor adjustment for both parent and child. Results from the present study comparing reported stress levels between groups of parents were supportive of previous studies indicating that parents of children with ADHD and developmentally disabilities experience significantly greater parenting stress, specifically with respect to child characteristics. Significant gender differences were also found between mothers and fathers in terms of parent characteristics related to stress. Fathers reported greater stress in the areas of attachment, while mothers reported more parent role restrictions. Additionally, significant negative relationships were found between parents' perceived helpfulness of informal social support and parenting stress scores in both mothers and fathers, affirming positive effects of social support on stress. Helpfulness of informal social support was also significantly predictive of parenting stress in both mothers and fathers across both the child and parent domains of the PSI, although, it had more predictive power with regard to parent related contributors to parenting stress. Family demographic factors, including age of the child and SES demonstrated some predictive power of parenting stress in mothers. Mothers with younger children and lower SES were more likely to report greater parenting stress. Implications of these results and future directions for research are also discussed.

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8

Klein, Tamara Lynn Nezu Christine Maguth. "Differentiating between developmentally disabled child molesters and perpetrators of adult sexual molestation using penile plethysmography /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/400.

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9

Linn-Mowrey, Alison S. "Social support features and lonliness : effects of aging and adaptive behavior in a population of developmentally disabled adults /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487598748019481.

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10

Fiumera, Charles Christopher. "Discriminant validity of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale : fourth edition with developmentally handicapped, learning disabled, and nonhandicapped students /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841548273032.

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11

Fuess, Billings S. "The post institutional adjustment of elderly mentally retarded and developmentally disabled persons : a population study /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487327695620283.

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12

Bredthauer, Jennifer Lyn Johnston James M. "The assessment of preference for qualitatively different reinforcers in persons with developmental and learning disabilities a comparison of value using behavioral economic and standard preference assessment procedures /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1809.

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13

Valentino, Amber L. "Selection-based versus topography-based verbal behavior in production of vocalized mands in developmentally disabled children with severe language delay." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1385995328.

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14

Mahon, Karen Anne. "Comparison of self-determination between verbal and non-verbal residents of intermediate care facilities." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2633.

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This study compared verbal and nonverbal residents of Intermediate Care Facilities-Developmental Disabilities-Habilitative type (IFC-DD-H) on self-determination. The residents were compared using an adapted version of the Association for Retarded Citizen's (ARC) Self-determination scale.

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15

McCallon, Denise. "A Follow-Up Study of Autistic and Autistic-Like Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331959/.

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Autism is a lifelong handicapping disorder that occurs on a continuum of severity. Children who show mild autistic behaviors but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of autism are often called autistic-like, but it is not known if their development and functioning are similar to that of autistic children. A follow-up study was done on 35 autistic and autistic-like children who were an average of 3 years of age when initially seen. Initial test scores indicated that the children were similar on measures of intellectual/developmental functioning, receptive vocabulary, and adaptive functioning. Approximately 4 years later they were evaluated again. Using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the children were divided at follow-up into three groups: nonautistic, mildly/moderately autistic, and severely autistic. Most children made gains on intelligence tests and displayed a diminishing number of autistic symptoms. Changes in nonverbal intelligence, adaptive functioning and receptive vocabulary scores depended on group membership. The results are discussed in relation to the reported stability of cognitive functioning in young autistic children and the implications for clinical practice, early intervention, and research on attachment. The nature of the syndrome of autism is also discussed, particularly in its relation to the milder, atypical children. The superior follow-up status of the autistic-like as compared to the autistic children raises serious questions about including the two groups in the same syndrome.

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16

Cline, Kimberly L. "Identifying protective and risk factors in mothers of developmentally disabled children an assessment of their coping ability and strategies /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.088-0139.

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17

Cason, Caroline Adelaide. "A Comparison of Brief Versus Extended Paired-Choice Preference Assessment Outcomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4975/.

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Few studies have systematically evaluated whether preferences can reliably be identified using brief procedures. Typically, studies have used brief procedures to select potential reinforcers for use in intervention procedures. A total of 17 food and leisure paired-choice preference assessments were administered to 10 subjects in order to evaluate the extent to which the results of a brief (i.e., single-session) assessment correspond with those from more extended procedures (i.e., 5 sessions). Eleven out of the 17 brief and extended assessments identified the same stimulus as the most preferred (highest rank). Outcomes suggest that a brief assessment can be useful when a single, potent reinforcing stimulus is desired, and an extended assessment should be conducted when a larger number of preferred stimuli is desired.

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18

Zeug, Nicole M. Ala'i-Rosales Shahla S. "Increasing activities and interests in a child dually diagnosed with PDD-NOS and DS." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9003.

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19

Shelton, Stephanie Michelle. "Implementing a Healthy Diet in the Intellectual Disability Residential Community." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4986.

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The problem addressed in this study was how staff working in a residential agency for individuals with an intellectual disability (IID) make decisions about how to implement a healthy diet. The purpose of this study was to identify the influences on decisions made by staff on the meals they provided to their clients with an IID. The theory of planned was used to study the influences of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on the meals provided for IID. The key research question explored how staff members make decisions. A qualitative case study design was used. The 12 participants in the study represented 3 levels of personnel (cases) in a residential agency that served the IID population. Individual interviews were conducted, and within-case and across-case analyses were employed utilizing the theory to note similarities and differences in meal planning, preparation, and implementation. Pattern matching was used to compare results from the study with previous research findings. Results showed that clients had a greater influence over meal planning, preparation, and delivery, particularly those with higher cognitive levels. This was true across all levels in the agency and consistent with prior research. Recommendations for further study include studying similar agencies in different regions and whether providing staff with additional knowledge about meal planning makes a difference in meals provided to IID. Social change can be implemented by using the information from the study to develop a preliminary intervention plan to accommodate the needs of IID and assist staff in developing nutritious meals.

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20

McDonald, Kimberly Sue. "The effect of length of participation in a parent support group on reported stress levels of parents of children with autism or other developmental disorders." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1970.

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21

Brown, Madison McMurray. "Increasing the Quantity and Quality of Caregivers' Use of Social Reinforcement in a Large Residential Facility." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404625/.

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Behavior-specific praise has been shown to increase rate of desired behaviors for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, though it is rarely used by caregivers in residential facilities for adults with disabilities. Prompting in the form of tactile stimulation has been demonstrated to increase rate of behavior-specific praise delivered by teachers and caregivers. The purpose of the current study was to increase the quantity and quality of behavior-specific praise statements that were delivered by caregivers to individuals at a large residential facility for adults with disabilities. A tactile prompting device (Gymboss Interval Timer and Stopwatch) was provided to the caregivers and set to vibrate for one second at intervals of five minutes, for a total of six intervals. Instructions were provided to the caregivers to deliver behavior-specific praise statements, for appropriate behaviors, to their assigned clients every time a vibration occurred. Examples of behavior-specific praise statements were provided to the caregivers before each session, but no feedback was delivered during the prompting phase. Results indicated that a tactile prompting device was effective at increasing rate of behavior-specific praise statements delivered by caregivers in as little as one session.

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22

Pauw, Hilda. "Ontwikkelende speelterapie as psigoterapeutiese tegniek in die hantering van dowe leerders wat presenteer met emosionele probleme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52973.

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Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Deaf learners are unique and require special support and assistance. It is apparent in the literature that deaf learners are more exposed to both physical and sexual abuse. The consequences of the latter can lead to emotional problems, for example, enuresis, anxiety disorders, depression, panic attacks, anger outbursts and attention deficits. One of the biggest challenges in the life of deaf learners must surely be communication. Misunderstandings and subsequent frustrations that ensue, normally occur as a result of communication difficulties between deaf learners and the hearing person. From the literature it appears necessary to stimulate the deaf learner's language development as early as possible, as it impacts on several aspects of his/her maturation into adulthood. Communication difficulties can also influence the emotional development of deaf learners. Therapeutic support for deaf learners are a challenge. The therapist that works with the learners should ideally be able to sign. The young deaf learners do, however, not yet have a signing system and consequently communication is problematic. The learners themselves experience frustrations as he/she is not able to express his/her emotions. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of developmental play therapy as a psychotherapeutic technique for the treatment of emotional problems in young deaf learners. To some degree, the technique makes it possible for verbal communication between therapist and learners to be replaced by physical contact. The aim of the activities is to take learners back to the early mother-child relationship and for the therapist to model healthy relationships. The research undertaken here is a qualitative case study. It was approached from an eco-systemic perspective, in other words learners are viewed as the core system which, in turn, is part of several other systems for example the family, school, church, community, etc. The systems are interdependent, which means that change in the one system also results in change within the other systems. In the data production video recordings, unstructured interviews, observations and field notes were used. Data analysis was done using the principles of coding. The results of the study show that developmental play therapy is indeed an effective psychotherapeutic technique in the treatment of emotional problems in young deaf learners. It would appear that the technique requires adaptation for deaf learners needs in order to be effective.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dowe leerders is uniek en het spesiale ondersteuning nodig. Uit die literatuur wil dit blyk of dowe leerders meer blootgestel word aan beide fisiese en seksuele mishandeling. Die gevolge van laasgenoemde kan lei tot meer emosionele probleme, byvoorbeeld enurese, angsversteurings, depressie, paniekaanvalle, woedeuitbarstings en aandagafleibaarheid. Een van die grootste uitdagings in dowe leerders se lewe is seker kommunikasie. Misverstande en frustrasies wat daaruit vloei, ontstaan gewoonlik as gevolg van kommunikasieprobieme tussen dowe leerders en die horende persoon. Uit die literatuur blyk dit noodsaaklik om dowe leerders se taalontwikkeling so vroeg as moontlik te stimuleer aangesien dit verskeie aspekte in sy/haar volwassewordingsproses beïnvloed. Kommunikasieprobleme het ook 'n invloed op dowe leerders se emosionele ontwikkeling. Terapeutiese ondersteuning van dowe leerders is 'n uitdaging. Die terapeut wat met die leerders werk, moet verkieslik gebaretaal kan praat. Die jong dowe leerders het egter nog nie werklik 'n gebaresisteem nie en gevolglik is kommunikasie 'n probleem. Die leerders self ervaar frustrasies, omdat hy/sy nie die vermoê het om uiting te gee aan sy/haar emosies nie. Die doel met hierdie studie was om die moontlikheid van ontwikkelende speelterapie as psigoterapeutiese tegniek in die hantering van emosionele probleme by jong dowe leerders te ondersoek. Die tegniek maak dit in 'n mate moontlik om die verbale kommunikasie tussen terapeut en leerders te vervang met fisiese kontak. Die doel met die aktiwiteite is om die leerders terug te neem na die vroeê moeder - kindverhouding en gesonde verhoudings deur die terapeut te modelleer. Die navorsing neem die vorm van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie aan. Dit word benader vanuit 'n ekosistemiese perspektief, dit wil sê die leerders word gesien as die kernsisteem wat deel is van verskeie ander sisteme soos byvoorbeeld die familie, skool, kerk en gemeenskap. Die sisteme is interafhanklik wat beteken dat verandering in die een sisteem ook verandering in die ander sisteme tot gevolg het. In die data-produksie is tegnieke naamlik video-opnames, ongestruktureerde onderhoude, observasies en veldnotas gebruik. Data-analise is volgens die beginsels van kodering gedoen. Die resultate van die onderhewige studie wys daarop dat ontwikkelende speelterapie wel In effektiewe psigoterapeutiese tegniek is in die hantering van emosionele probleme by jong dowe leerders. Dit wil voorkom of die tegniek aangepas moet word by dowe leerders se behoeftes om werklik effektief te wees.

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23

Harbeitner, Mary Hilado. "Differences in IQ Scores, Referral Source and Presenting Problem Between Boys and Girls Diagnosed ADD-H." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501014/.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility that there are sex differences between ADD-H boys and girls. ADD-H boys and girls were compared on the four variables of presenting problem, referral source, intelligence test performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and WISC-R subtest configuration. General demographics of the ADD-H boys and girls families were also examined. The subjects participating in this study were 39 girls and 41 boys from a large child outpatient facility in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex diagnosed as ADD-H between February 1984 and February 1986. No differences were found when comparing ADD-H boys and girls on all four variables. These results may suggest that there are no real differences in regards to presenting problem, referral source, IQ scores and subtest configuration between boys and girls diagnosed ADD-H.

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24

Lee, Carolyn Patricia. "Taxonomic and frequency associations in memory in learning-disabled and non-disabled children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186061.

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This study addressed the semantic memory processes of learning disabled (LD) and non-disabled children. The semantic memory deficits of LD students are familiar to most educators; however, the nature of these difficulties is not understood precisely. Some researchers propose that an early form of memory organization is association of items by frequency. These associative relations may be the precursors to taxonomic memory organization, thus may be weak in LD children. This study examined second and sixth grade children's free recall organization of two types of 3 word lists: one in which items were associated by frequency and one in which items were related taxonomically; within each word list, half of the items were primary category members or frequency associates and half were secondary category members or frequency associates. It was hypothesized that younger, non-disabled children would rely more on frequency associations and that older, unimpaired subjects would tend to organize the material categorically. Learning disabled subjects were predicted to show impairments in the ability to form both frequency associations and categories during recall, particularly for the secondary items. These results were not found. Younger, non-disabled subjects organized words categorically as proficiently as their older peers, and LD children's categorization abilities were comparable to non-disabled subjects'. The only item type for which LD subjects showed significantly less clustering than non-disabled subjects was secondary frequency associates, which were viewed as representing the periphery of the knowledge base. The principal difference between this study and previous, similar research was the use of individual, child-generated word lists. Because all words were highly familiar and meaningful to the children, relationships between most of the items were probably quite salient, more so than in other studies using adult-generated words as stimuli. Thus, this study indicates that LD children are not impaired in their ability to recognize and utilize semantic structure to facilitate learning if material is highly meaningful and familiar to them.

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25

Scott, Barbara Ann. "Controlled and automatic processing in learning disabled boys with word recognition problems: A developmental analysis /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487597424137356.

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26

Zeug, Nicole M. "Increasing activities and interests in a child dually diagnosed with PDD-NOS and DS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9003/.

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Expanding interests may be a behavioral cusp, resulting in widespread changes across skills, and therefore is particularly relevant in intervention programs for children with autism. Little research has addressed directly increasing the diversity of activities and interests for this population. This study describes a program developed to increase activities and interests in a girl dually-diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) and Downs syndrome (DS). A multiple-baseline design across stimuli was employed to evaluate the program. The results show that the program increased number of total and different toy interactions. No effects were observed for overall duration of toy interactions. Results are discussed in relation to play skill instruction and preference assessment literature, the cusp, and autism intervention programs.

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27

Uecker, Anne Cantalupo 1960. "A psychobiological exploration of mental rotation in three groups of children: Control, learning disabled, and Down syndrome." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278013.

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The present study investigated anomalous hemispheric processing for language and its impact on spatial task performance. Mental rotation and dichotic listening tasks were administered to three groups of children: control (C), learning disabled (LD), and Down syndrome (DS). Significant differences were found in reaction time and accuracy measures in mental rotation. Although the DS group lacked a systematic reaction time function, all three groups produced similar accuracy functions: each group appeared to demonstrate difficulty at equivalent angular disorientations. Dichotic listening resulted in performance differences only when the DS group was compared to the C and LD groups: discrepant language processing was not demonstrated between the C and LD groups. Conclusions could not be reached regarding the impact of language lateralization on spatial task performance. Inconsistencies of neuropsychological measurements are discussed; the topic of mental rotation is explored in depth. Generalizations regarding performance outcomes are limited to a behavioral level.

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28

Swinford, Rachel R. "Adapted dance - connecting mind, body and soul." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610166.

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Using Heideggerian interpretive phenomenology, this study illuminates the lived experience of an adapted dance program for individuals with Down syndrome and their family members. The overall pattern from both dancers and family members was adapted dance: connecting mind, body and soul. The primary theme from dancer interpretations was expressing a mosaic of positive experiences, and the primary theme from family member interpretations was experiencing pride in their loved ones. The dance program provided dancers an opportunity to express their authentic self while experiencing moments of full embodiment in the connection of their mind, body and soul. While dancers experienced the connection of mind-body-soul, family members recognized the importance of this connection in their loved one. This research is instrumental in advocating for opportunities for individuals with Down syndrome to experience dance as a social, physical and intellectual activity that results in learning and increasing social interactions. The research findings from this study can support future initiatives for dance programs that may influence a population that has limited access to physical activity and dance. The study's teaching strategies, dance activities, class procedures and sequences, and feedback techniques can be used by other professionals who teach individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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29

Eabon, Michelle F. "A cognitive developmental study of children's conceptions of stress and experience with stressors : a comparison of diabetic, learning disabled, and nonclinical groups of children." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1260987133.

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30

Torres, Misty Dawn. "Finding Childcare for the Disabled Child: The Process and Decisions Through the Primary Caregiver’s Lens." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1433776716.

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31

Bradic, Matthew C. "A survey study of the perceptions of middle school personnel with respect to learning disabled students as victims of bullying/harassment and the corresponding relationships with bullying prevention and discipline." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1396354964.

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32

Moore, Stephen C. "A self reporting scale for indicating emotional states of developmentally disabled adult horticultural workers." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27509.

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33

Wong, Kristina. "Experimental and Descriptive Analyses of Mastery Criteria." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-s9aq-6t29.

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An acquisition criterion, more commonly known as “mastery criterion” is an instructor-established standard of performance that may signal the acquisition of a novel skill or the conclusion of a phase of intervention. When teaching new behaviors, researchers and practitioners in the field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) apply some type of criterion for the learner to achieve. The purpose of the following studies was to evaluate the effects of acquisition criteria on skill acquisition in addition to other components of mastery such as response maintenance and stimulus generalization. In Experiment I (Wong et al., 2021), I conducted a systematic comparison of two applications of acquisition criteria. I selected four participants to teach 40 novel sight words using learn unit instruction. The participants were between the ages of 5 and 7 years old and diagnosed with developmental disabilities. I equated the target operants and quasi-randomly assigned 20 sight words in one acquisition criterion condition and 20 sight words in another acquisition criterion condition. In one condition, Set Analysis (SA), the acquisition criterion was applied to a set of four operants. The other condition, Operant Analysis (OA), applied acquisition criterion to individual operants. The level of accuracy and the replication of the accuracy remained the same across conditions, and more specifically, a 100% accuracy across one replication session was utilized under OA and SA. The results of skill acquisition showed that all four participants learned a greater number of sight words under the OA condition compared to the SA condition within the same time frame. Response maintenance results suggested that SA produced more durable responses for three out of four participants. In Experiment II, I extended the findings of Experiment I by addressing some limitations and systematically replicating the procedures. I increased the number of replications of the acquisition criterion from 1 replication to two replications. I selected four new participants and taught them sight words under the OA application of acquisition criterion and the SA application of acquisition criterion. Similar to the findings of Experiment 1, the skill acquisition results showed all participants learned a greater number of operants under OA compared to SA. The response maintenance results showed that all four participants responded with 100% accuracy to a similar or higher percentage of operants under the OA condition compared to the SA condition, suggesting that the added replication to the acquisition criterion may have improved the durability of responses during four-week follow-up sessions. The findings of both Experiment I and Experiment II contributed to the small but growing body of literature demonstrating the parametric effects of acquisition criteria. However, small sample sizes in the existing acquisition criteria research limit the external validity of the findings. Thus, I conducted a descriptive analysis of every skill acquisition article published in 2017 to 2019 in three peer-reviewed behavioral journals, in order to address this limitation. I reported the general characteristics of over 200 articles targeting skill acquisition. Additionally, our analysis targeted the effects of acquisition-criterion levels and frequency of replications on response maintenance results and generalization results. Ultimately, the results provide evidence that acquisition criteria play an important role in the mastery of novel behaviors, which have practical implications for ABA clinicians and researchers.

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Neben, Jennifer. "An investigation of burnout in developmental service workers." 2009. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=958089&T=F.

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Du, Preez Riëtte. "An ethnographic study of caregiving at a daycare centre for divelopmentally challenged children." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4685.

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In this qualitative study the researcher explores the experiences of various caregivers at a day care centre for developmentally challenged children. This study also attempts to draw a distinction between the experiences of formal and informal caregivers’ experiences. The study is underpinned by two assumptions: 1) that in order to obtain a rich understanding of a phenomenon, the views and voices of a variety of individuals need to be considered and 2) that cultural values and practices play a significant role in the way individuals experience a certain phenomenon. The experiences of both formal and informal caregivers are documented using thematic analysis. An analysis of the participants’ global themes revealed that “education/learning/skills development” and “communication barriers” were common themes among both participant groups. Each participant group also expressed unique experiences such as “being a parent”, “becoming a foster parent” and “being useless as a professional-in-training”. Focal areas for further research are highlighted.
Clinical Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

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Baowaidan, Lamis Mamdouh A. "The Effects of an Observational Intervention on Audience Control by Peers in Preschool Children with Developmental and Language Delays." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8NV9J85.

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I tested the effects of an observational intervention on observing responses, denial responses, and audience appropriate behaviors in 9 preschool children with developmental and language delays. The participants were 8 males and 1 female aged 3-5 years, who were selected from a preschool program that implemented a behavior analytic approach to all instruction. All participants had fluent listener and speaker repertoires and emitted mands, tacts, and sequelics with adults. The children were selected to participate because they displayed little to no awareness of, or interactions with their peers during free play and social settings. I conducted probes for a) peer observing responses, b) responses to denial of non-preferred stimuli being delivered to peers, c) social initiations to peers, d) responses to peers’ social initiations, and e) other socially appropriate behaviors. Pre-intervention probes showed that all participants emitted low peer observing responses in free play settings, and did not consistently initiate or reciprocate peer interactions across different social settings. Five out of nine participants emitted responses to denial prior to the intervention. The independent variable was an observational intervention using non-preferred stimuli and a denial condition that was used in prior studies to establish conditioned reinforcement by observation. The participant and peer confederate sat side-by-side at a table, and were separated by an opaque partition. They were both presented with a performance task. The participant observed the peer confederate receive the non-preferred stimuli but could not observe the peer’s responses to the task. The intervention continued until the participants emitted responses to denial of the non-preferred stimuli across two sessions. Post-intervention data suggest that peer observing responses in free play settings, as well as audience appropriate behaviors in social settings increased as a function of the observational intervention in 8 out of 9 participants. Responses to the denial of non-preferred stimuli delivered to a peer increased in 4 out of 4 participants who did not respond during pre-intervention probes.

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Coetzer, Mary Catherine. "Ondersoek na die sosiale en emosionele belewing van die kinders binne ŉ gesinsituasie waar die broer /suster gestremd is." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1957.

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The family is a miniature society, where a child is afforded the opportunity to develop, form relationships and create his/her own identity. The child's development does not always take place without certain challenges. Different internal and external factors influence a child's development. Certain external factors, for instance a child with disabilities, can have a negative or positive influence on the child. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the child with Cerebral Palsy on the social and emotional development of siblings. The research will be done using the idiographic method. The results show that the child with Cerebral Palsy does have an influence on the emotional and social development of siblings.
Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Inclusive Education)

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Nesik, Aleksandra. "Executive Function in the Intellectually Disabled Offender: A Preliminary Investigation." 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:36662.

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Despite executive function deficits now been examined in relation to the propensity to commit crimes in the general offending population, to date there has been little investigation of this within an intellectually disabled offending sample. The aim of the present study was to undertake a content analysis of the offending patterns and general behavior of Disabilities SA clients with a view to ascertaining whether such an assessment is justified for this offending group. The present study involved content analysis of five participants, currently clients of Disabilities SA. A coding schema was used to assess for evidence of four executive functions: Learning from previous experience; Engaging in logical reasoning; Impulse control; and Understanding the reactions of others. Findings suggest that offenders with intellectual disability have difficulties in all four areas. These findings are discussed in terms of the need for more comprehensive assessment and treatment implications.

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Brand, Marlette Cornelia. "Coping skills for parents of children with barriers to learning." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1846.

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Past research has shown that one of the most traumatic emotional experiences parents face is the diagnosis of having a child with barriers to learning. For various reasons they do not always receive the necessary follow-up professional support after diagnosis. This study was undertaken with the specific aims of identifying various coping skills that enable these parents to raise their children to their full potential, to determine the value of these coping skills for parents, to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in such households and to make recommendations on appropriate approaches and strategies. The study revealed that parents are able to make changes in their approach and behaviour to adapt to the new stressful environment. Restraining factors having a negative impact on the functioning of parents or families have been identified, together with identification of various opportunities and driving forces that serve as the foundation for mitigating, accepting and dealing with the problem. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to provide guidelines to advise and support parents in raising children with barriers to learning.
Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

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POLÁKOVÁ, Zuzana. "Duchovní potřeby a jejich naplňování u lidí s tělesným postižením." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47452.

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The diploma thesis is concerned with the spiritual needs of disabled persons. The topic is based on the psychology of personality, characterizes human needs, and defines motivation, values and interests. Basic areas of psychology of religion and religious education follow. The educational view focuses on issues associated with the religiosity of human beings seeking aims for religious education. Further chapters are dedicated to disabled persons, describe basic types of such disability and based on the author´s personal experience they show the specificities of the life of disabled persons. The second part concentrates on meeting the spiritual needs. The thematic area gives rise to the methodological proposal for the didactic opening of the spiritual needs. Several didactic units containing individual lessons for a group of disabled persons form part of the thesis.

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Liversage, Martha Dorethea Elizabeth. "Die moeder se persepsie, belewenis en hantering van die etiket `leergestremd' vir haar kind." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1162.

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Labels are still used by professionals to describe differences and abnormalities in behaviour and academic skills. The label `learning disability' has advantages and disadvantages in terms of the different ways it is interpreted and experienced by society, teachers, parents and the child himself. The mother, as an important person in the child's life, has perceptions and experiences of the concept that she communicates to others. The perception and meaning that the mother attaches to the label impacts on her thoughts, words and behaviour and on the child himself. The aim of the study was to investigate the mother's perception, experience and handling of her child's label of learning disability. The research took the form of a qualitative analysis where data was collected using interviews. From the empirical study it would seem that the mother's interpretation, experience and involvement in the labeling of learning disability has an influence on the learner's perception of his learning disability and whether he internalized the label and behaves accordingly. Mothers need to be given enough information so as to develop realistic perceptions about learning disability to equip their children with the necessary skills to overcome their learning problems and so fulfil their places in society.
Educational Studies
M.Ed.(Guidance & Counselling)

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